663:
torchlight which makes them very easy to hunt at night. When the animal is stunned by torchlight, hunters can almost walk right up to it. This puts the yellow-backed duiker and its relatives at major risk for overhunting. Some scientists even project that by the year 2020 they may be at serious risk. IUCN currently puts the yellow-backed duiker's status at near threatened but if current trends continue, "the yellow-backed duiker's distribution will become increasingly fragmented and its status will eventually become threatened." It is thought that the yellow-backed duiker may already be locally extinct in the Oban Sector of the
573:
get their name from the characteristic patch of yellow hairs on their rump, which stand when the duiker is alarmed or feels threatened. Yellow-backed duiker females often grow to be slightly larger than males. Coloration is very similar between sexes and very little sexual dimorphism exists. The head-and-body length is 115 to 145 cm (45 to 57 in), with a short tail measuring 11 to 18 cm (4.3 to 7.1 in). The yellow-backed duiker weighs in at about 60–80 kg, making it the largest of its genus. It has a large mouth, throat and jaw musculature.
31:
565:
103:
225:
61:
618:
quality fruits. Their diet makes them very hard to keep in captivity as most domesticated fruits are not well suited to their low fiber requirements. They are considered concentrate selectors, meaning they eat "diets relatively low in fiber, have a well developed ability to forage selectively, a rumen bypass, a rapid passage and high fermentation rate for starch, and they frequently encounter toxins."
586:
Yellow-backed duikers are mainly forest dwelling and live in semi-deciduous forests, rain forests, riparian forests, and montane forests. However, they can be found in open bush, isolated forest islands, and clearings on the savanna as well. Their convex body shape is well-suited for forest living.
617:
These forest dwelling antelope feed selectively on plants or plant parts such as shoots, roots, leaves, and buds, but their diet is mainly made up of fruits. The yellow-backed duiker is more efficient at digesting poor quality food than most other duiker species. This allows them to eat large, low
572:
Yellow-backed duikers have a convex body shape, standing taller at the rump than the shoulders. They have very short horns, 8.5 to 21 cm (3.3 to 8.3 in) in length, which are cylindrical and ribbed at the base. An orange crest of hair can be found between their horns. Yellow-backed duikers
667:
in the Oban Hills Region of
Nigeria. The loss of this species may have many impacts due to the yellow-backed duiker's numerous ecological responsibilities. They not only make up a main source of food for many indigenous peoples, but they also act as seed dispersing agents for various plants, and
605:
The yellow-backed duiker can breed throughout the year, with many breeding two times each year. The female gives birth to one oro (two offspring after a gestation period of 4 to 7 months). The calf remains hidden during the first week of life and is weaned at 3 to 5 months after birth. Sexual
662:
Duikers are the most heavily hunted species across forested West and
Central Africa. It is not only a vital food source for people living close to its habitats but a vital source of income as well. The animal's flighty, easy-to-scare nature causes the yellow-backed duiker to freeze up in
653:
which exhibit "microcursorial adaptive syndrome." This means they have tropical to subtropical distribution along with small body size, swift, cursorial locomotion, browse on high energy food, have precocial young, and a "facultatively monogamous social structure."
601:
Yellow-backed duikers are active at all times of the day and night. They live mainly solitarily or in couples, rarely in even small herds. Their elusive habits mean that very little is known about their ecology and demography compared to other ungulates.
641:. These three form the large or "giant" duikers group. The yellow-backed duiker belongs to a group of morphologically, ecologically, and behaviorally convergent mammals which also includes some
587:
It allows for quick movement through thick forest and bush and is reflective of ungulates accustomed to diving quickly into the underbrush for cover. In fact, duiker is the
598:, duikers were found to run headlong into the glass of their enclosures if startled. In captivity, duikers have been known to form stress-induced jaw abscesses.
621:
Yellow-backed duikers are one of the few antelopes that can eat meat. Occasionally, these forest antelopes will kill and eat small animals, such as birds.
779:
5756:
5929:
5821:
5795:
1139:
Jimoh, S; Ikyaagba, E; Alarape, A; Adeyemi, A; Waltert, M (2013). "Local depletion of two larger duikers in the Oban Hills Region, Nigeria".
637:
refers to the long crest of hair found between their horns. The yellow-backed duiker is most closely related to the Abbot's duiker and the
5901:
5730:
5769:
936:
1191:
5813:
1037:
Newing, Helen (2001-01-01). "Bushmeat hunting and management: implications of duiker ecology and interspecific competition".
857:
5774:
928:
594:
Duikers are very flighty and easily stressed, and when frightened or pursued will run almost blindly from a threat. At the
5949:
5944:
5656:
843:
543:
331:
5826:
5683:
1003:
5939:
849:
1543:
814:
2332:
5808:
5696:
5691:
102:
1612:
1184:
42:
4589:
1534:
1525:
664:
4376:
711:
5025:
4418:
2314:
1455:
453:
423:
314:. Yellow-backed duikers are the most widely-distributed of all duikers. They are found mainly in
269:
5852:
5670:
4538:
1974:
5761:
5618:
2076:
1782:
1701:
967:
909:
Groves, C.; Grubb, P. (1981). "A systematic revision of duikers (Cephalophini, Artiodactyla)".
403:
391:
5847:
5226:
4256:
2481:
1710:
1594:
1177:
197:
5839:
5717:
5665:
5533:
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5290:
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4824:
4797:
4205:
4196:
3641:
3632:
1998:
1857:
1800:
1746:
1148:
5787:
8:
5479:
5181:
5172:
4920:
4788:
4761:
4697:
4358:
4238:
4187:
1866:
1773:
1364:
881:
638:
497:
407:
50:
1152:
5566:
5557:
4929:
4869:
4851:
4833:
4779:
4752:
4743:
4367:
4349:
4283:
3976:
3702:
3179:
3170:
2889:
2323:
1791:
1603:
1585:
1464:
1113:
1088:
1062:
806:
642:
481:
307:
237:
97:
30:
606:
maturity happens at 12 to 18 months in the male, and at 9 to 12 months in the female.
564:
5834:
5704:
5199:
5190:
4878:
4806:
4734:
4565:
4547:
4400:
3350:
2745:
2736:
2588:
2490:
2269:
2236:
2179:
2049:
1576:
1437:
1054:
863:
853:
791:
629:
Duikers are very primitive antelope which diverged early in bovid history. The genus
501:
688:
5934:
5892:
5593:
5347:
5338:
5217:
5058:
5049:
4842:
4514:
4505:
4453:
4444:
4292:
4265:
4178:
3958:
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2983:
2973:
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796:
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384:
258:
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5865:
5323:
5314:
5262:
5253:
5034:
3891:
3882:
3359:
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2007:
1917:
1755:
1567:
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1419:
1410:
886:
595:
359:
280:
65:
5800:
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3771:
3762:
3317:
3284:
3266:
2754:
2564:
2439:
2278:
1266:
1238:
609:
The lifespan is 10 to 12 years in the wild, while 22.5 years in the captivity.
430:
415:
319:
315:
1169:
1050:
5923:
5782:
5641:
5148:
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5016:
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2448:
2414:
2404:
2305:
2287:
1950:
1899:
1809:
1373:
1058:
839:
697:
633:
contains 16 African bovids of which the yellow-backed duiker is the largest.
395:
380:
214:
70:
867:
5542:
5511:
5401:
5073:
4887:
4815:
4688:
4631:
4622:
4340:
4274:
4036:
3994:
3909:
3720:
3440:
3431:
3293:
3224:
3113:
3104:
2846:
2615:
2296:
2251:
2218:
1989:
1881:
1848:
1764:
733:
509:
449:
367:
224:
5743:
5650:
5163:
4911:
4073:
4027:
4018:
3967:
3919:
3780:
3622:
3215:
3206:
3034:
2828:
2819:
2809:
2703:
2546:
2356:
2347:
2260:
2103:
2025:
1908:
1833:
1824:
1201:
372:
174:
154:
5906:
5735:
4770:
4670:
4495:
4087:
3509:
3491:
3242:
2937:
2922:
2913:
2880:
2657:
2463:
2380:
2371:
2146:
2137:
2016:
1941:
1482:
1303:
810:
650:
489:
1160:
1104:
5748:
5470:
5391:
5244:
5115:
5106:
4580:
4154:
4145:
4130:
4121:
3985:
3557:
3341:
3275:
3161:
2676:
2472:
2161:
2085:
1965:
1516:
1401:
1391:
1285:
1276:
588:
377:
114:
5612:
5437:
801:
5886:
5635:
5379:
5007:
4679:
4391:
4229:
4169:
3834:
3533:
3065:
3010:
2898:
2727:
2203:
2194:
2170:
2058:
1932:
1682:
1558:
1254:
1232:
1220:
303:
134:
686:
5584:
5419:
5280:
5139:
4529:
4316:
4307:
4220:
4106:
4097:
4069:
3825:
3729:
3693:
3608:
3604:
3575:
3500:
3188:
3061:
3022:
2606:
2523:
2429:
1692:
1642:
1337:
845:
Mammal
Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference
387:
343:
323:
311:
164:
5722:
5678:
5428:
4997:
4902:
4725:
4715:
4331:
3843:
3683:
3665:
3656:
3542:
3464:
3416:
3407:
2865:
2856:
2791:
2782:
2772:
2694:
2227:
2040:
1890:
1226:
1214:
646:
347:
339:
335:
327:
144:
124:
682:
680:
5860:
5452:
5410:
4985:
4655:
4646:
3940:
3867:
3858:
3789:
3518:
3473:
3332:
3257:
3137:
3128:
2639:
2630:
2122:
2113:
1322:
1313:
87:
81:
1089:"Management and husbandry of duikers at the Los Angeles Zoo"
445:, which relates to cultivation. This refers to its habitat.
4598:
3928:
3816:
3798:
3455:
3308:
2712:
2579:
2395:
1669:
1630:
1138:
677:
4066:
5208:
3807:
3753:
2685:
2067:
3058:
1086:
3601:
1087:
Barnes, R.; Greene, K.; Holland, J.; Lamm, M. (2002).
406:
has possibly originated from the combination of the
1001:
400:Nova Acta Regiæ Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis
5921:
1002:Kranz, II. Lumpkin, Karl R. II. Lumpkin (1982).
1199:
338:; their distribution continues southward into
1185:
712:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T4150A50184147.en
500:). This subgenus is characterized by minimal
838:
777:
908:
687:IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2016).
440:
434:
1274:
1192:
1178:
974:. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology
223:
59:
29:
5509:
2981:
1112:
800:
773:
710:
353:
5390:
2780:
771:
769:
767:
765:
763:
761:
759:
757:
755:
753:
563:
1681:
1252:
937:Integrated Taxonomic Information System
581:
5922:
1399:
1036:
5930:IUCN Red List near threatened species
5617:
5616:
5508:
5377:
5376:
4982:
4065:
3600:
3057:
2519:
1665:
1251:
1173:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1124:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
961:
959:
957:
955:
953:
911:African Small Mammal Newsletter, Spec
750:
330:on the western coast, through to the
232:Distribution of yellow-backed duiker
2817:
997:
995:
993:
991:
989:
476:under the third subgenus along with
1666:
1009:. Department of Zoological Research
1004:"Notes on the yellow-backed duiker"
832:
698:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
657:
13:
4983:
2520:
1121:
1073:
1021:
965:
950:
504:and spotted coats (of juveniles).
14:
5961:
986:
778:Lumpkin, S.; Kranz, K.R. (1984).
668:prey items for many carnivores.
519:Four subspecies are recognised:
332:Democratic Republic of the Congo
101:
1544:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
1039:Biodiversity & Conservation
568:Skull of a yellow-backed duiker
362:of the yellow-backed duiker is
2333:Central American red brocket (
921:
902:
887:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
874:
850:Johns Hopkins University Press
842:; Reeder, D. M., eds. (2005).
726:
559:
456:identified three subgenera of
1:
671:
3040:Large subfamily listed below
3028:Large subfamily listed below
3016:Large subfamily listed below
624:
302:) is a shy, forest-dwelling
7:
1535:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
1526:Indian spotted chevrotain (
10:
5966:
1141:African Journal of Ecology
576:
5950:Mammals described in 1815
5945:Mammals of Central Africa
5876:
5625:
5583:
5555:
5531:
5522:
5518:
5504:
5471:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
5462:Domestic Bactrian camel (
5450:
5399:
5386:
5372:
5336:
5312:
5288:
5279:
5161:
5128:
5104:
5071:
5047:
5026:North Sulawesi babirusa (
5005:
4996:
4992:
4978:
4942:
4900:
4723:
4714:
4668:
4644:
4620:
4578:
4527:
4503:
4494:
4466:
4442:
4435:
4389:
4329:
4305:
4218:
4167:
4143:
4119:
4095:
4086:
4082:
4061:
4016:
3917:
3908:
3880:
3856:
3751:
3691:
3682:
3654:
3630:
3621:
3617:
3596:
3555:
3531:
3453:
3429:
3405:
3381:
3330:
3306:
3255:
3150:
3126:
3102:
3078:
3074:
3053:
3033:
3021:
3009:
2972:
2935:
2911:
2878:
2854:
2845:
2808:
2771:
2725:
2665:
2656:
2628:
2577:
2544:
2535:
2531:
2515:
2461:
2427:
2393:
2369:
2345:
2315:Amazonian brown brocket (
2249:
2216:
2192:
2159:
2135:
2111:
2102:
2038:
1987:
1963:
1930:
1879:
1846:
1822:
1690:
1677:
1661:
1648:Large family listed below
1641:
1636:Large family listed below
1629:
1613:Williamson's mouse-deer (
1556:
1514:
1490:
1481:
1390:
1335:
1311:
1302:
1265:
1261:
1247:
1209:
665:Cross River National Park
243:
236:
231:
222:
203:
196:
98:Scientific classification
96:
79:
57:
48:
37:
28:
23:
3712:Domestic water buffalo (
2077:Central Asian red deer (
1702:Bornean yellow muntjac (
414:, meaning head, and the
390:. The species was first
5684:cephalophus-silvicultor
5671:Cephalophus_silvicultor
5657:Cephalophus silvicultor
5627:Cephalophus silvicultor
4590:Bates' pygmy antelope (
4377:Soemmerring's gazelle (
2482:Yucatan brown brocket (
1711:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
1595:Philippine mouse-deer (
1051:10.1023/A:1016671524034
931:Cephalophus silvicultor
782:Cephalophus sylvicultor
691:Cephalophus silvicultor
612:
364:Cephalophus silvicultor
299:Cephalophus silvicultor
207:Cephalophus silvicultor
43:Disney's Animal Kingdom
5940:Mammals of West Africa
5300:White-lipped peccary (
5236:Philippine warty pig (
4861:Yellow-backed duiker (
4825:Black-fronted duiker (
4798:White-bellied duiker (
4419:Przewalski's gazelle (
3642:Four-horned antelope (
2440:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
1999:Visayan spotted deer (
1858:European fallow deer (
1801:Northern red muntjac (
1747:Southern red muntjac (
968:"Yellow-backed duiker"
569:
527:Grubb and Groves, 2002
441:
435:
354:Taxonomy and etymology
5878:Antilope silvicultrix
5848:Paleobiology Database
5480:Wild Bactrian camel (
5182:Bornean bearded pig (
5173:Palawan bearded pig (
4762:White-legged duiker (
4188:Red-fronted gazelle (
1867:Persian fallow deer (
1783:Roosevelt's muntjac (
1456:Himalayan musk deer (
1365:Reticulated giraffe (
567:
422:, meaning crest. The
247:Antilope sylvicultrix
24:Yellow-backed duiker
5567:Pygmy hippopotamus (
5227:Oliver's warty pig (
4852:Red-flanked duiker (
4257:Erlanger's gazelle (
3977:Harnessed bushbuck (
3703:Wild water buffalo (
3180:East Caucasian tur (
3171:West Caucasian tur (
2324:Little red brocket (
1792:Truong Son muntjac (
1604:Vietnam mouse-deer (
1586:Greater mouse-deer (
1465:Siberian musk deer (
972:Animal Diversity Web
734:"Appendices | CITES"
705:: e.T4150A50184147.
582:Habitat and behavior
439:, meaning wood, and
394:by English botanist
376:, and placed in the
294:yellow-backed duiker
5200:Celebes warty pig (
5191:Visayan warty pig (
4807:Red forest duiker (
4539:Günther's dik-dik (
4401:Mongolian gazelle (
4206:Heuglin's gazelle (
4197:Thomson's gazelle (
3351:Long-tailed goral (
2746:Mountain reedbuck (
2737:Southern reedbuck (
2589:East African oryx (
2491:White-tailed deer (
2270:Small red brocket (
2237:South Andean deer (
2180:Siberian roe deer (
2171:European roe deer (
2008:Philippine sambar (
1975:Père David's deer (
1577:Lesser mouse-deer (
1438:Kashmir musk deer (
1153:2013AfJEc..51..228J
506:C. silvicultor
474:C. silvicultor
429:is composed by two
189:C. silvicultor
51:Conservation status
16:Species of antelope
5348:Collared peccary (
5218:Flores warty pig (
5059:Giant forest hog (
4921:Maxwell's duiker (
4843:Ruwenzori duiker (
4789:Jentink's duiker (
4698:Sharpe's grysbok (
4454:Tibetan antelope (
4359:Bright's gazelle (
4293:Goitered gazelle (
4266:Mountain gazelle (
4239:Cuvier's gazelle (
4179:Mongalla gazelle (
3567:Pyrenean chamois (
2993:Tibetan antelope (
2947:Black wildebeest (
1774:Reeves's muntjac (
1738:Sumatran muntjac (
1729:Gongshan muntjac (
1502:Water chevrotain (
1429:Alpine musk deer (
1356:Southern giraffe (
1347:Northern giraffe (
591:word for "diver."
570:
472:. They classified
310:, from the family
5917:
5916:
5835:Open Tree of Life
5619:Taxon identifiers
5610:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5579:
5578:
5500:
5499:
5496:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5368:
5367:
5364:
5363:
5360:
5359:
5324:Chacoan peccary (
5275:
5274:
5263:Javan warty pig (
5254:Timor warty pig (
5061:H. meinertzhageni
5035:Togian babirusa (
4974:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4966:
4965:
4930:Walter's duiker (
4870:Abbott's duiker (
4834:Ogilby's duiker (
4780:Harvey's duiker (
4744:Brooke's duiker (
4710:
4709:
4490:
4489:
4431:
4430:
4368:Peter's gazelle (
4350:Grant's gazelle (
4284:Speke's gazelle (
4057:
4056:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4048:
3934:
3904:
3903:
3892:African buffalo (
3723:B. depressicornis
3678:
3677:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3360:Himalayan goral (
3182:C. cylindricornis
3049:
3048:
3045:
3044:
3005:
3004:
2968:
2967:
2956:Blue wildebeest (
2890:Common tsessebe (
2841:
2840:
2804:
2803:
2767:
2766:
2679:K. ellipsiprymnus
2652:
2651:
2511:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2451:P. mephistophiles
2407:P. mephistophiles
2098:
2097:
1794:M. truongsonensis
1756:Pu Hoat muntjac (
1657:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1625:
1624:
1568:Java mouse-deer (
1477:
1476:
1447:Black musk deer (
1420:Dwarf musk deer (
1411:Anhui musk deer (
1386:
1385:
1349:G. camelopardalis
1298:
1297:
1161:10.1111/aje.12027
1105:10.1002/zoo.10020
890:. Merriam-Webster
859:978-0-8018-8221-0
792:Mammalian Species
555:
551:C. s. silvicultor
547:
536:
528:
502:sexual dimorphism
290:
289:
284:
273:
262:
251:
91:
74:
39:C. s. silvicultor
5957:
5910:
5909:
5897:
5896:
5895:
5869:
5868:
5856:
5855:
5843:
5842:
5830:
5829:
5817:
5816:
5804:
5803:
5791:
5790:
5778:
5777:
5765:
5764:
5752:
5751:
5739:
5738:
5726:
5725:
5713:
5712:
5700:
5699:
5687:
5686:
5674:
5673:
5661:
5660:
5659:
5646:
5645:
5644:
5614:
5613:
5529:
5528:
5520:
5519:
5506:
5505:
5397:
5396:
5388:
5387:
5374:
5373:
5286:
5285:
5092:Common warthog (
5083:Desert warthog (
5003:
5002:
4994:
4993:
4980:
4979:
4879:Weyns's duiker (
4753:Peters' duiker (
4735:Aders's duiker (
4721:
4720:
4608:Royal antelope (
4566:Salt's dik-dik (
4557:Silver dik-dik (
4548:Kirk's dik-dik (
4501:
4500:
4478:Saiga antelope (
4440:
4439:
4379:N. soemmerringii
4248:Dorcas gazelle (
4093:
4092:
4084:
4083:
4077:
4063:
4062:
3950:Mountain nyala (
3933:
3932:
3924:
3915:
3914:
3870:P. nghetinhensis
3772:European bison (
3763:American bison (
3689:
3688:
3628:
3627:
3619:
3618:
3612:
3598:
3597:
3474:Domestic sheep (
3318:Himalayan tahr (
3285:Mainland serow (
3267:Japanese serow (
3076:
3075:
3069:
3055:
3054:
2979:
2978:
2852:
2851:
2815:
2814:
2778:
2777:
2755:Bohor reedbuck (
2663:
2662:
2642:A. nasomaculatus
2565:Sable antelope (
2542:
2541:
2533:
2532:
2526:
2517:
2516:
2279:Merida brocket (
2109:
2108:
2050:Thorold's deer (
1902:A. calamianensis
1785:M. rooseveltorum
1731:M. gongshanensis
1688:
1687:
1679:
1678:
1672:
1663:
1662:
1488:
1487:
1397:
1396:
1376:G. tippelskirchi
1309:
1308:
1272:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1249:
1248:
1194:
1187:
1180:
1171:
1170:
1165:
1164:
1136:
1119:
1118:
1116:
1084:
1071:
1070:
1034:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1008:
999:
984:
983:
981:
979:
963:
948:
947:
945:
943:
925:
919:
918:
906:
900:
899:
897:
895:
878:
872:
871:
848:(3rd ed.).
836:
830:
829:
827:
825:
819:
813:. Archived from
804:
788:
775:
748:
747:
745:
744:
730:
724:
723:
721:
719:
714:
684:
658:Bushmeat hunting
639:Jentink's duiker
554:(Afzelius, 1815)
553:
542:
540:C. s. ruficrista
534:
526:
498:Jentink's duiker
494:C. jentinki
486:C. dorsalis
444:
438:
279:
268:
257:
250:(Afzelius, 1815)
249:
227:
209:
106:
105:
85:
68:
63:
62:
33:
21:
20:
5965:
5964:
5960:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5955:
5954:
5920:
5919:
5918:
5913:
5905:
5900:
5891:
5890:
5885:
5872:
5864:
5859:
5851:
5846:
5838:
5833:
5825:
5820:
5812:
5807:
5799:
5794:
5786:
5781:
5773:
5768:
5760:
5755:
5747:
5742:
5734:
5729:
5721:
5716:
5708:
5703:
5695:
5690:
5682:
5677:
5669:
5664:
5655:
5654:
5649:
5640:
5639:
5634:
5621:
5611:
5598:
5575:
5551:
5514:
5488:
5446:
5382:
5356:
5332:
5308:
5271:
5238:S. philippensis
5175:S. ahoenobarbus
5157:
5149:Red river hog (
5124:
5100:
5067:
5043:
5017:Buru babirusa (
4988:
4962:
4954:Common duiker (
4938:
4896:
4706:
4664:
4640:
4616:
4574:
4523:
4486:
4462:
4427:
4412:P. picticaudata
4385:
4325:
4301:
4295:G. subgutturosa
4214:
4163:
4139:
4115:
4078:
4067:
4045:
4012:
4004:Cape bushbuck (
3997:T. strepsiceros
3926:
3925:
3923:
3900:
3876:
3852:
3747:
3739:Mountain anoa (
3674:
3668:B. tragocamelus
3650:
3644:T. quadricornis
3613:
3602:
3584:
3551:
3527:
3483:Bighorn sheep (
3449:
3425:
3401:
3393:Mountain goat (
3377:
3369:Chinese goral (
3326:
3302:
3287:C. sumatraensis
3251:
3234:Siberian ibex (
3198:Domestic goat (
3146:
3122:
3098:
3090:Barbary sheep (
3070:
3059:
3041:
3029:
3017:
3001:
2964:
2931:
2907:
2874:
2837:
2800:
2763:
2721:
2648:
2624:
2598:Scimitar oryx (
2573:
2556:Roan antelope (
2527:
2521:
2499:
2457:
2449:Northern pudu (
2423:
2415:Southern pudu (
2405:Northern pudu (
2389:
2365:
2341:
2306:Pygmy brocket (
2288:Dwarf brocket (
2245:
2212:
2188:
2155:
2131:
2094:
2034:
1983:
1959:
1926:
1900:Calamian deer (
1875:
1869:D. mesopotamica
1842:
1818:
1812:M. vuquangensis
1810:Giant muntjac (
1720:Fea's muntjac (
1673:
1667:
1649:
1637:
1621:
1552:
1510:
1473:
1431:M. chrysogaster
1382:
1374:Masai giraffe (
1331:
1294:
1257:
1243:
1205:
1198:
1168:
1137:
1122:
1085:
1074:
1035:
1022:
1012:
1010:
1006:
1000:
987:
977:
975:
964:
951:
941:
939:
927:
926:
922:
907:
903:
893:
891:
880:
879:
875:
860:
852:. p. 714.
837:
833:
823:
821:
820:on 4 March 2016
817:
802:10.2307/3503848
786:
776:
751:
742:
740:
732:
731:
727:
717:
715:
685:
678:
674:
660:
627:
615:
596:Los Angeles Zoo
584:
579:
562:
532:C. s. longiceps
524:C. s. curticeps
482:Abbott's duiker
398:in the journal
360:scientific name
356:
322:, ranging from
218:
211:
205:
192:
100:
92:
75:
66:Near Threatened
64:
60:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5963:
5953:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5915:
5914:
5912:
5911:
5898:
5882:
5880:
5874:
5873:
5871:
5870:
5857:
5844:
5831:
5818:
5805:
5792:
5779:
5766:
5753:
5740:
5727:
5714:
5701:
5688:
5675:
5662:
5647:
5631:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5608:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5600:
5599:
5597:
5596:
5589:
5587:
5581:
5580:
5577:
5576:
5574:
5573:
5569:C. liberiensis
5563:
5561:
5553:
5552:
5550:
5549:
5543:Hippopotamus (
5539:
5537:
5526:
5524:Hippopotamidae
5516:
5515:
5502:
5501:
5498:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5477:
5473:C. dromedarius
5468:
5458:
5456:
5448:
5447:
5445:
5444:
5435:
5426:
5417:
5407:
5405:
5394:
5384:
5383:
5370:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5344:
5342:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5330:
5320:
5318:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5306:
5296:
5294:
5283:
5277:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5269:
5260:
5256:S. timoriensis
5251:
5242:
5233:
5224:
5215:
5209:Domestic pig (
5206:
5197:
5188:
5179:
5169:
5167:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5146:
5136:
5134:
5126:
5125:
5123:
5122:
5112:
5110:
5102:
5101:
5099:
5098:
5089:
5085:P. aethiopicus
5079:
5077:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5055:
5053:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5041:
5037:B. togeanensis
5032:
5023:
5013:
5011:
5000:
4990:
4989:
4976:
4975:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4960:
4950:
4948:
4940:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4927:
4918:
4908:
4906:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4888:Zebra duiker (
4885:
4876:
4867:
4863:C. silvicultor
4858:
4849:
4840:
4831:
4822:
4816:Black duiker (
4813:
4804:
4800:C. leucogaster
4795:
4786:
4777:
4768:
4759:
4750:
4741:
4731:
4729:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4695:
4689:Cape grysbok (
4686:
4676:
4674:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4662:
4652:
4650:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4632:Klipspringer (
4628:
4626:
4618:
4617:
4615:
4614:
4605:
4596:
4586:
4584:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4563:
4559:M. piacentinii
4554:
4545:
4535:
4533:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4521:
4511:
4509:
4498:
4492:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4484:
4474:
4472:
4464:
4463:
4461:
4460:
4450:
4448:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4425:
4421:P. przewalskii
4416:
4407:
4397:
4395:
4387:
4386:
4384:
4383:
4374:
4365:
4356:
4347:
4341:Dama gazelle (
4337:
4335:
4327:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4313:
4311:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4290:
4281:
4275:Rhim gazelle (
4272:
4263:
4254:
4245:
4236:
4226:
4224:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4212:
4203:
4194:
4185:
4175:
4173:
4165:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4151:
4149:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4133:A. marsupialis
4127:
4125:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4103:
4101:
4090:
4080:
4079:
4059:
4058:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4043:
4037:Common eland (
4034:
4024:
4022:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4001:
3995:Greater kudu (
3992:
3983:
3974:
3965:
3956:
3947:
3937:
3935:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3888:
3886:
3878:
3877:
3875:
3874:
3864:
3862:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3841:
3832:
3823:
3814:
3808:Domestic yak (
3805:
3796:
3787:
3778:
3769:
3759:
3757:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3745:
3736:
3732:B. mindorensis
3727:
3721:Lowland anoa (
3718:
3709:
3699:
3697:
3686:
3680:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3673:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3638:
3636:
3625:
3615:
3614:
3594:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3582:
3573:
3563:
3561:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3539:
3537:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3516:
3507:
3498:
3489:
3480:
3471:
3461:
3459:
3451:
3450:
3448:
3447:
3441:Nilgiri tahr (
3437:
3435:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3423:
3413:
3411:
3403:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3389:
3387:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3366:
3357:
3348:
3338:
3336:
3328:
3327:
3325:
3324:
3314:
3312:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3294:Taiwan serow (
3291:
3282:
3273:
3263:
3261:
3253:
3252:
3250:
3249:
3240:
3231:
3225:Iberian ibex (
3222:
3213:
3204:
3195:
3186:
3177:
3168:
3158:
3156:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3144:
3134:
3132:
3124:
3123:
3121:
3120:
3114:Arabian tahr (
3110:
3108:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3086:
3084:
3072:
3071:
3051:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3043:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2962:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2919:
2917:
2909:
2908:
2906:
2905:
2896:
2886:
2884:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2862:
2860:
2849:
2843:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2825:
2823:
2812:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2799:
2798:
2788:
2786:
2775:
2769:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2752:
2748:R. fulvorufula
2743:
2733:
2731:
2723:
2722:
2720:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2673:
2671:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2647:
2646:
2636:
2634:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2622:
2616:Arabian oryx (
2613:
2604:
2595:
2585:
2583:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2571:
2562:
2552:
2550:
2539:
2529:
2528:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2497:
2493:O. virginianus
2488:
2479:
2469:
2467:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2455:
2446:
2436:
2434:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2412:
2401:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2377:
2375:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2359:O. bezoarticus
2353:
2351:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2299:M. gouazoubira
2297:Gray brocket (
2294:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2257:
2255:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2234:
2224:
2222:
2214:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2177:
2167:
2165:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2143:
2141:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2129:
2119:
2117:
2106:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2056:
2052:C. albirostris
2046:
2044:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1971:
1969:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1948:
1938:
1936:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1924:
1915:
1906:
1897:
1887:
1885:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1836:E. cephalophus
1830:
1828:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1807:
1798:
1789:
1780:
1771:
1765:Leaf muntjac (
1762:
1758:M. puhoatensis
1753:
1744:
1735:
1726:
1717:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1685:
1675:
1674:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1615:T. williamsoni
1610:
1601:
1592:
1583:
1574:
1564:
1562:
1554:
1553:
1551:
1550:
1541:
1532:
1522:
1520:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1475:
1474:
1472:
1471:
1467:M. moschiferus
1462:
1458:M. leucogaster
1453:
1444:
1435:
1426:
1422:M. berezovskii
1417:
1407:
1405:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1384:
1383:
1381:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1343:
1341:
1333:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1269:
1267:Antilocapridae
1259:
1258:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1239:Laurasiatheria
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1197:
1196:
1189:
1182:
1174:
1167:
1166:
1147:(2): 228–234.
1120:
1099:(2): 107–121.
1072:
1020:
985:
949:
920:
901:
873:
858:
831:
749:
725:
675:
673:
670:
659:
656:
626:
623:
614:
611:
583:
580:
578:
575:
561:
558:
557:
556:
548:
537:
529:
514:C. spadix
478:C. spadix
355:
352:
346:, and most of
320:Western Africa
288:
287:
286:
285:
277:C. sylvicultor
274:
263:
255:C. punctulatus
252:
241:
240:
234:
233:
229:
228:
220:
219:
212:
201:
200:
194:
193:
186:
184:
180:
179:
172:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
152:
148:
147:
142:
138:
137:
132:
128:
127:
122:
118:
117:
112:
108:
107:
94:
93:
80:
77:
76:
58:
55:
54:
49:
46:
45:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5962:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5908:
5903:
5899:
5894:
5888:
5884:
5883:
5881:
5879:
5875:
5867:
5862:
5858:
5854:
5849:
5845:
5841:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5823:
5819:
5815:
5810:
5806:
5802:
5797:
5793:
5789:
5784:
5780:
5776:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5758:
5754:
5750:
5745:
5741:
5737:
5732:
5728:
5724:
5719:
5715:
5711:
5706:
5702:
5698:
5693:
5689:
5685:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5667:
5663:
5658:
5652:
5648:
5643:
5637:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5615:
5595:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5586:
5582:
5572:
5570:
5565:
5564:
5562:
5560:
5559:
5554:
5548:
5546:
5541:
5540:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5527:
5525:
5521:
5517:
5513:
5507:
5503:
5485:
5483:
5478:
5476:
5474:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5464:C. bactrianus
5460:
5459:
5457:
5455:
5454:
5449:
5443:
5441:
5436:
5434:
5432:
5427:
5425:
5423:
5418:
5416:
5414:
5409:
5408:
5406:
5404:
5403:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5375:
5371:
5353:
5351:
5346:
5345:
5343:
5341:
5340:
5335:
5329:
5327:
5322:
5321:
5319:
5317:
5316:
5311:
5305:
5303:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5278:
5268:
5266:
5265:S. verrucosus
5261:
5259:
5257:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5216:
5214:
5212:
5211:S. domesticus
5207:
5205:
5203:
5202:S. celebensis
5198:
5196:
5194:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5180:
5178:
5176:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5160:
5154:
5152:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5138:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5131:Potamochoerus
5127:
5121:
5119:
5114:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5097:
5095:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5081:
5080:
5078:
5076:
5075:
5070:
5064:
5062:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5051:
5046:
5040:
5038:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5028:B. celebensis
5024:
5022:
5020:
5015:
5014:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4987:
4981:
4977:
4959:
4957:
4952:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4946:
4941:
4935:
4933:
4928:
4926:
4924:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4912:Blue duiker (
4910:
4909:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4899:
4893:
4891:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4877:
4875:
4873:
4868:
4866:
4864:
4859:
4857:
4855:
4850:
4848:
4846:
4841:
4839:
4837:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4827:C. nigrifrons
4823:
4821:
4819:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4809:C. natalensis
4805:
4803:
4801:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4769:
4767:
4765:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4755:C. callipygus
4751:
4749:
4747:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4733:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4722:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4703:
4701:
4696:
4694:
4692:
4687:
4685:
4683:
4682:R. campestris
4678:
4677:
4675:
4673:
4672:
4667:
4661:
4659:
4654:
4653:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4643:
4637:
4635:
4634:O. oreotragus
4630:
4629:
4627:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4613:
4611:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4597:
4595:
4593:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4583:
4582:
4577:
4571:
4569:
4564:
4562:
4560:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4546:
4544:
4542:
4537:
4536:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4526:
4520:
4518:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4507:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4493:
4483:
4481:
4476:
4475:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4465:
4459:
4457:
4452:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4438:
4434:
4424:
4422:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4388:
4382:
4380:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4357:
4355:
4353:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4322:
4320:
4315:
4314:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4304:
4298:
4296:
4291:
4289:
4287:
4282:
4280:
4278:
4277:G. leptoceros
4273:
4271:
4269:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4246:
4244:
4242:
4237:
4235:
4233:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4211:
4209:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4195:
4193:
4191:
4186:
4184:
4182:
4181:E. albonotata
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4166:
4160:
4158:
4157:A. cervicapra
4153:
4152:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4134:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4123:
4118:
4112:
4110:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4075:
4071:
4064:
4060:
4042:
4040:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4028:Giant eland (
4026:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4020:
4015:
4009:
4007:
4006:T. sylvaticus
4002:
4000:
3998:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3984:
3982:
3980:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3968:Lesser kudu (
3966:
3964:
3962:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3930:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3897:
3895:
3890:
3889:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3873:
3871:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3849:
3847:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3833:
3831:
3829:
3824:
3822:
3820:
3815:
3813:
3811:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3783:B. domesticus
3781:Bali cattle (
3779:
3777:
3775:
3770:
3768:
3766:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3744:
3742:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3728:
3726:
3724:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3681:
3671:
3669:
3664:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3647:
3645:
3640:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3610:
3606:
3599:
3595:
3581:
3579:
3574:
3572:
3570:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3554:
3548:
3546:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3535:
3530:
3524:
3522:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3485:O. canadensis
3481:
3479:
3477:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3446:
3444:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3433:
3432:Nilgiritragus
3428:
3422:
3420:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3409:
3404:
3398:
3396:
3395:O. americanus
3391:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3380:
3374:
3372:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3321:
3320:H. jemlahicus
3316:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3310:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3221:
3219:
3216:Nubian ibex (
3214:
3212:
3210:
3207:Alpine ibex (
3205:
3203:
3201:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3149:
3143:
3141:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3130:
3125:
3119:
3117:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3095:
3093:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3077:
3073:
3067:
3063:
3056:
3052:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3014:
3012:
3008:
2998:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2974:Pantholopinae
2971:
2961:
2959:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2925:A. buselaphus
2921:
2920:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2902:
2897:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2844:
2834:
2832:
2829:Grey rhebok (
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2807:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2773:Aepycerotinae
2770:
2760:
2758:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2730:
2729:
2724:
2718:
2716:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2704:Nile lechwe (
2702:
2700:
2698:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2669:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2645:
2643:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2619:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2537:Hippotraginae
2534:
2530:
2525:
2518:
2514:
2496:
2494:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2465:
2460:
2454:
2452:
2447:
2445:
2443:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2431:
2426:
2420:
2418:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2403:
2402:
2400:
2398:
2397:
2392:
2386:
2384:
2383:B. dichotomus
2379:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2373:
2368:
2362:
2360:
2357:Pampas deer (
2355:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2318:
2317:M. nemorivaga
2313:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2266:
2264:
2261:Red brocket (
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2248:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2230:H. antisensis
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2220:
2215:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2196:
2191:
2185:
2183:
2178:
2176:
2174:
2169:
2168:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2070:C. canadensis
2066:
2064:
2062:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2042:
2037:
2031:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2019:R. timorensis
2015:
2013:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1986:
1980:
1978:
1977:E. davidianus
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1944:R. duvaucelii
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1923:
1921:
1916:
1914:
1912:
1909:Bawean deer (
1907:
1905:
1903:
1898:
1896:
1894:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1870:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1845:
1839:
1837:
1834:Tufted deer (
1832:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1815:
1813:
1808:
1806:
1804:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1767:M. putaoensis
1763:
1761:
1759:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1713:M. crinifrons
1709:
1707:
1705:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1671:
1664:
1660:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1606:T. versicolor
1602:
1600:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1549:
1547:
1542:
1540:
1538:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1507:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1413:M. anhuiensis
1409:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1379:
1377:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1367:G. reticulata
1363:
1361:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1328:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1278:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1203:
1195:
1190:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1172:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1045:(1): 99–118.
1044:
1040:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1005:
998:
996:
994:
992:
990:
973:
969:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
938:
934:
932:
924:
916:
912:
905:
889:
888:
883:
882:"Cephalophus"
877:
869:
865:
861:
855:
851:
847:
846:
841:
840:Wilson, D. E.
835:
816:
812:
808:
803:
798:
794:
793:
785:
783:
774:
772:
770:
768:
766:
764:
762:
760:
758:
756:
754:
739:
735:
729:
713:
708:
704:
700:
699:
694:
692:
683:
681:
676:
669:
666:
655:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
622:
619:
610:
607:
603:
599:
597:
592:
590:
574:
566:
552:
549:
545:
541:
538:
533:
530:
525:
522:
521:
520:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
446:
443:
437:
432:
428:
425:
424:specific name
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
402:in 1815. The
401:
397:
396:Adam Afzelius
393:
389:
386:
382:
381:Cephalophinae
379:
375:
374:
369:
365:
361:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
306:of the order
305:
301:
300:
295:
282:
278:
275:
271:
267:
264:
260:
256:
253:
248:
245:
244:
242:
239:
235:
230:
226:
221:
216:
210:
208:
202:
199:
198:Binomial name
195:
191:
190:
185:
182:
181:
178:
177:
173:
170:
169:
166:
163:
160:
159:
156:
153:
150:
149:
146:
143:
140:
139:
136:
133:
130:
129:
126:
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
104:
99:
95:
89:
83:
78:
72:
67:
56:
52:
47:
44:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
5877:
5626:
5568:
5556:
5545:H. amphibius
5544:
5534:Hippopotamus
5532:
5512:Whippomorpha
5481:
5472:
5463:
5451:
5439:
5430:
5421:
5412:
5400:
5349:
5337:
5325:
5313:
5301:
5289:
5264:
5255:
5246:
5237:
5228:
5219:
5210:
5201:
5193:S. cebifrons
5192:
5183:
5174:
5162:
5150:
5141:
5129:
5117:
5105:
5094:P. africanus
5093:
5084:
5074:Phacochoerus
5072:
5060:
5048:
5036:
5027:
5019:B. babyrussa
5018:
5006:
4955:
4943:
4931:
4923:P. maxwellii
4922:
4914:P. monticola
4913:
4901:
4889:
4880:
4871:
4862:
4860:
4854:C. rufilatus
4853:
4844:
4835:
4826:
4817:
4808:
4799:
4790:
4781:
4772:
4771:Bay duiker (
4764:C. crusalbum
4763:
4754:
4745:
4736:
4724:
4716:Cephalophini
4699:
4691:R. melanotis
4690:
4681:
4669:
4657:
4645:
4633:
4621:
4609:
4601:N. moschatus
4600:
4591:
4579:
4567:
4558:
4549:
4541:M. guentheri
4540:
4528:
4517:D. megalotis
4516:
4504:
4479:
4467:
4456:P. hodgsonii
4455:
4443:
4420:
4411:
4403:P. gutturosa
4402:
4390:
4378:
4369:
4360:
4351:
4342:
4330:
4318:
4306:
4294:
4285:
4276:
4267:
4259:G. erlangeri
4258:
4249:
4240:
4232:G. bennettii
4231:
4219:
4207:
4199:E. thomsonii
4198:
4190:E. rufifrons
4189:
4180:
4168:
4156:
4144:
4132:
4120:
4108:
4096:
4038:
4030:T. derbianus
4029:
4017:
4005:
3996:
3987:
3978:
3969:
3961:T. eurycerus
3960:
3951:
3942:
3918:
3910:Tragelaphini
3893:
3881:
3869:
3857:
3845:
3836:
3828:B. javanicus
3827:
3818:
3810:B. grunniens
3809:
3800:
3792:B. frontalis
3791:
3782:
3773:
3764:
3752:
3740:
3731:
3722:
3713:
3704:
3692:
3667:
3655:
3643:
3631:
3578:R. rupicapra
3577:
3569:R. pyrenaica
3568:
3556:
3544:
3532:
3520:
3511:
3510:Snow sheep (
3502:
3493:
3492:Dall sheep (
3484:
3475:
3466:
3454:
3443:N. hylocrius
3442:
3430:
3419:O. moschatus
3418:
3406:
3394:
3382:
3370:
3361:
3352:
3343:
3331:
3319:
3307:
3295:
3286:
3277:
3268:
3256:
3244:
3243:Walia ibex (
3235:
3227:C. pyrenaica
3226:
3217:
3208:
3199:
3191:C. falconeri
3190:
3181:
3172:
3163:
3151:
3140:B. taxicolor
3139:
3127:
3115:
3103:
3091:
3079:
2995:P. hodgsonii
2994:
2982:
2957:
2948:
2938:Connochaetes
2936:
2924:
2923:Hartebeest (
2912:
2900:
2891:
2879:
2867:
2855:
2847:Alcelaphinae
2831:P. capreolus
2830:
2818:
2793:
2781:
2756:
2747:
2739:R. arundinum
2738:
2726:
2714:
2706:K. megaceros
2705:
2696:
2687:
2678:
2666:
2641:
2629:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2578:
2566:
2557:
2545:
2492:
2483:
2474:
2462:
2450:
2441:
2428:
2416:
2406:
2394:
2382:
2381:Marsh deer (
2370:
2358:
2346:
2334:
2325:
2316:
2307:
2298:
2289:
2280:
2271:
2263:M. americana
2262:
2250:
2238:
2229:
2219:Hippocamelus
2217:
2205:
2193:
2181:
2173:C. capreolus
2172:
2160:
2148:
2147:Water deer (
2136:
2124:
2112:
2087:
2078:
2069:
2060:
2051:
2039:
2027:
2018:
2010:R. mariannus
2009:
2000:
1988:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1951:Eld's deer (
1943:
1942:Barasingha (
1931:
1919:
1910:
1901:
1892:
1880:
1868:
1859:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1811:
1803:M. vaginalis
1802:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1766:
1757:
1748:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1712:
1704:M. atherodes
1703:
1691:
1614:
1605:
1597:T. nigricans
1596:
1587:
1578:
1570:T. javanicus
1569:
1557:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1515:
1504:H. aquaticus
1503:
1491:
1466:
1457:
1448:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1400:
1375:
1366:
1357:
1348:
1336:
1325:O. johnstoni
1324:
1312:
1288:A. americana
1287:
1275:
1237:Superorder:
1231:Infraclass:
1202:Artiodactyla
1144:
1140:
1096:
1092:
1042:
1038:
1011:. Retrieved
976:. Retrieved
971:
940:. Retrieved
930:
923:
914:
910:
904:
892:. Retrieved
885:
876:
844:
834:
822:. Retrieved
815:the original
795:(225): 1–7.
790:
781:
741:. Retrieved
737:
728:
716:. Retrieved
702:
696:
690:
661:
643:artiodactyls
634:
630:
628:
620:
616:
608:
604:
600:
593:
585:
571:
550:
539:
531:
523:
518:
513:
510:superspecies
505:
493:
485:
477:
473:
469:
465:
462:Cephalophula
461:
457:
450:Colin Groves
447:
426:
419:
411:
404:generic name
399:
371:
368:type species
366:. It is the
363:
357:
308:Artiodactyla
298:
297:
293:
291:
276:
265:
254:
246:
206:
204:
188:
187:
175:
155:Artiodactyla
38:
18:
5744:iNaturalist
5651:Wikispecies
5422:L. guanicoe
5281:Tayassuidae
5245:Wild boar (
5184:S. barbatus
5142:P. larvatus
5118:P. salvania
5116:Pygmy hog (
5050:Hylochoerus
4903:Philantomba
4791:C. jentinki
4773:C. dorsalis
4726:Cephalophus
4610:N. pygmaeus
4568:M. saltiana
4506:Dorcatragus
4480:S. tatarica
4370:N. petersii
4308:Litocranius
4208:E. tilonura
4155:Blackbuck (
4131:Springbok (
4074:Antilopinae
4072:(subfamily
4019:Taurotragus
3986:Sitatunga (
3979:T. scriptus
3970:T. imberbis
3927:(including
3920:Tragelaphus
3741:B. quarlesi
3623:Boselaphini
3607:(subfamily
3512:O. nivicola
3353:N. caudatus
3342:Red goral (
3333:Naemorhedus
3296:C. swinhoei
3276:Red serow (
3258:Capricornis
3236:C. sibirica
3173:C. caucasia
3164:C. aegagrus
3162:Wild goat (
3116:A. jayakari
3105:Arabitragus
3064:(subfamily
3035:Antilopinae
2958:C. taurinus
2901:D. pygargus
2794:A. melampus
2715:K. vardonii
2677:Waterbuck (
2618:O. leucoryx
2547:Hippotragus
2475:O. hemionus
2473:Mule deer (
2372:Blastocerus
2281:M. bricenii
2239:H. bisulcus
2206:R. tarandus
2182:C. pygargus
2104:Capreolinae
2086:Sika deer (
2028:R. unicolor
2017:Rusa deer (
1920:A. porcinus
1740:M. montanus
1537:M. kathygre
1286:Pronghorn (
1277:Antilocapra
1093:Zoo Biology
1013:November 2,
966:DeWitt, K.
894:11 February
824:17 February
718:19 November
635:Cephalophus
631:Cephalophus
560:Description
470:Cephalophus
458:Cephalophus
454:Peter Grubb
427:silvicultor
373:Cephalophus
334:to western
266:C. sclateri
176:Cephalophus
84:Appendix II
5924:Categories
5893:Q109646780
5558:Choeropsis
5440:L. vicugna
5326:C. wagneri
5229:S. oliveri
5220:S. heureni
4956:S. grimmia
4945:Sylvicapra
4932:P. walteri
4845:C. rubidis
4836:C. ogilbyi
4782:C. harveyi
4746:C. brookei
4700:R. sharpei
4680:Steenbok (
4671:Raphicerus
4623:Oreotragus
4496:Neotragini
4445:Pantholops
4361:N. notatus
4319:L. walleri
4268:G. gazella
4241:G. cuvieri
4230:Chinkara (
4122:Antidorcas
4109:A. clarkei
4098:Ammodorcas
4088:Antilopini
3988:T. spekeii
3952:T. buxtoni
3943:T. angasii
3835:Wild yak (
3819:B. indicus
3774:B. bonasus
3714:B. bubalis
3657:Boselaphus
3633:Tetracerus
3503:O. gmelini
3371:N. griseus
3344:N. baileyi
3309:Hemitragus
3278:C. rubidus
3269:C. crispus
3218:C. nubiana
3081:Ammotragus
2984:Pantholops
2914:Alcelaphus
2899:Bontebok (
2892:D. lunatus
2881:Damaliscus
2868:B. hunteri
2757:R. redunca
2658:Reduncinae
2609:O. gazella
2558:H. equinus
2484:O. pandora
2464:Odocoileus
2348:Ozotoceros
2204:Reindeer (
2149:H. inermis
2138:Hydropotes
2061:C. elaphus
2059:Red deer (
2001:R. alfredi
1918:Hog deer (
1776:M. reevesi
1749:M. muntjak
1579:T. kanchil
1546:M. meminna
1493:Hyemoschus
1483:Tragulidae
1440:M. cupreus
1358:G. giraffa
1304:Giraffidae
1255:Ruminantia
743:2022-01-14
672:References
651:lagomorphs
535:Gray, 1865
490:bay duiker
5510:Suborder
5420:Guanaco (
5392:Camelidae
5378:Suborder
5350:D. tajacu
5339:Dicotyles
5315:Catagonus
5302:T. pecari
5247:S. scrofa
5151:P. porcus
5140:Bushpig (
5008:Babyrousa
4984:Suborder
4881:C. weynsi
4872:C. spadix
4737:C. adersi
4658:O. ourebi
4592:N. batesi
4581:Neotragus
4550:M. kirkii
4352:N. granti
4317:Gerenuk (
4286:G. spekei
4250:G. dorcas
4107:Dibatag (
3894:S. caffer
3859:Pseudoryx
3846:B. taurus
3826:Banteng (
3801:B. gaurus
3730:Tamaraw (
3576:Chamois (
3558:Rupicapra
3545:P. nayaur
3521:O. vignei
3501:Mouflon (
3200:C. hircus
3189:Markhor (
3092:A. lervia
2857:Beatragus
2783:Aepyceros
2607:Gemsbok (
2600:O. dammah
2442:P. carlae
2335:M. temama
2326:M. rufina
2290:M. chunyi
2272:M. bororo
2162:Capreolus
2088:C. nippon
2079:C. hanglu
1966:Elaphurus
1911:A. kuhlii
1825:Elaphodus
1693:Muntiacus
1528:M. indica
1517:Moschiola
1449:M. fuscus
1392:Moschidae
1253:Suborder
1213:Kingdom:
1059:0960-3115
738:cites.org
625:Phylogeny
589:Afrikaans
466:Cephalpia
448:In 1981,
408:New Latin
392:described
378:subfamily
183:Species:
121:Kingdom:
115:Eukaryota
5887:Wikidata
5861:Species+
5814:14200892
5762:10194976
5636:Wikidata
5482:C. ferus
5438:Vicuña (
5431:L. pacos
5429:Alpaca (
5413:L. glama
5380:Tylopoda
4890:C. zebra
4818:C. niger
4392:Procapra
4170:Eudorcas
4146:Antilope
3883:Syncerus
3844:Cattle (
3837:B. mutus
3765:B. bison
3705:B. arnee
3666:Nilgai (
3543:Bharal (
3534:Pseudois
3494:O. dalli
3476:O. aries
3467:O. ammon
3465:Argali (
3417:Muskox (
3384:Oreamnos
3362:N. goral
3245:C. walie
3129:Budorcas
3066:Caprinae
3011:Caprinae
2866:Hirola (
2810:Peleinae
2792:Impala (
2697:K. leche
2695:Lechwe (
2591:O. beisa
2567:H. niger
2228:Taruca (
2195:Rangifer
2125:A. alces
2026:Sambar (
1953:R. eldii
1933:Rucervus
1891:Chital (
1683:Cervinae
1670:Cervidae
1631:Cervidae
1559:Tragulus
1233:Eutheria
1227:Mammalia
1221:Chordata
1219:Phylum:
1215:Animalia
868:62265494
508:forms a
304:antelope
238:Synonyms
215:Afzelius
161:Family:
145:Mammalia
135:Chordata
131:Phylum:
125:Animalia
111:Domain:
71:IUCN 3.1
5935:Duikers
5907:9421723
5801:1006225
5736:2441163
5642:Q755744
5594:Cetacea
5585:Cetacea
5453:Camelus
5411:Llama (
5291:Tayassu
5107:Porcula
4656:Oribi (
4647:Ourebia
4530:Madoqua
4515:Beira (
4436:Saigini
4343:N. dama
4221:Gazella
4070:Bovidae
4068:Family
4039:T. oryx
3959:Bongo (
3941:Nyala (
3868:Saola (
3790:Gayal (
3694:Bubalus
3609:Bovinae
3605:Bovidae
3603:Family
3519:Urial (
3209:C. ibex
3138:Takin (
3062:Bovidae
3060:Family
3023:Bovinae
2949:C. gnou
2728:Redunca
2640:Addax (
2524:Bovidae
2522:Family
2430:Pudella
2417:P. pudu
2308:M. nana
2123:Moose (
1893:A. axis
1860:D. dama
1722:M. feae
1668:Family
1643:Bovidae
1588:T. napu
1402:Moschus
1338:Giraffa
1323:Okapi (
1225:Class:
1204:species
1200:Extant
1149:Bibcode
1114:7165532
1067:5530137
942:14 July
811:3503848
647:rodents
577:Ecology
433:words:
388:Bovidae
344:Burundi
324:Senegal
316:Central
312:Bovidae
270:Jentink
217:, 1815)
171:Genus:
165:Bovidae
151:Order:
141:Class:
86: (
69: (
5853:149555
5840:380144
5775:183849
5723:328708
5697:315342
5679:ARKive
4998:Suidae
4599:Suni (
4332:Nanger
3817:Zebu (
3799:Gaur (
3684:Bovini
3408:Ovibos
2713:Puku (
2688:K. kob
2252:Mazama
2041:Cervus
1314:Okapia
1111:
1065:
1057:
866:
856:
809:
649:, and
546:, 1869
544:Bocage
492:) and
442:cultus
420:lophos
412:cephal
385:family
348:Zambia
340:Rwanda
336:Uganda
328:Gambia
283:, 1892
281:Thomas
272:, 1901
261:, 1850
5866:10119
5827:50347
5757:IRMNG
5749:42294
4986:Suina
4469:Saiga
4410:Goa (
3929:kudus
3153:Capra
2820:Pelea
2686:Kob (
2668:Kobus
2631:Addax
2114:Alces
2068:Elk (
1063:S2CID
1007:(PDF)
978:8 May
917:: 35.
818:(PDF)
807:JSTOR
787:(PDF)
512:with
436:silva
431:Latin
418:word
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