2094:
1055:
shows no variation in positioning in the sentence, there will not be further explanation for it. The object in this example 'child' has the possessor 'him' preceding to show ownership, but what is being possessed by 'him' is the child. Therefore, 'child' has a nominalizer for being the object of the sentence and a possession marker on it for being possessed. Having the nominalizer on the 'child' allows the subject 'he' to imply a state of being on the 'child'. This structure SO uses the
3777:
197:
358:
1122:
verb. When the main verb is followed by another verb, it seems the second verb becomes intransitivized. On the object of the sentence 'axe', there are multiple cases active: accusative case (the direct object of the verb), a plural suffix, and an instrumental case (the means by how or with what something gets done) on the noun.
1933:
collaborated on a program in which tribal elders teach the Yaqui language to families. As of 2010, a revitalization project was underway at the university, "using 30 year old audio tapes recorded by tribal member Maria Leyva." As of 2012, "Any teaching materials, tools, lessons, audio lessons, etc.,"
1433:
Usually, adding the suffix "-k" to a verb indicates past tense, though there are many exceptions. If a verb ends in a diphthong, "-kan" is added. If a verb ends in "-i", "-akan" is added. If a verb ends in "-o" or "-u", "-ekan" is added, and if a verb ends in "-a", "-ikan" is added. If a verb ends in
1121:
In the following example, we can see an example of where the primary word order SOV, deviates to become SVO. Note the pronoun 'I' doesn't have any case marking active and is in pronoun form (see Cases on
Pronouns). Next, on the first or main verb 'able', there isn't any specification for the type of
1445:
Yaqui possess a "prior state" or 'used to be, now deceased' suffix. It is -tu-káꞋu. This specific suffix attaches to a nominal noun to indicate a prior existence, but can also attach as a verb to reflect the state of a human noun (not only animate). For example, (suffixed as a verb) to the right.
1054:
The following sentences display a variation of the language's structure and the forms allowed. In the following example, we can see an S and an O. This structure of SO is allowable due to a common feature among languages— the verb/ copula to be. 'He' is the subject in this example and since 'he'
1199:
The following is an additional example that shows variant in word order than previously seen— OSV. In this structure, a suffix called connective is used to show that two constituents are being connected; simply, they function as a conjunction. Although this is a simple function, it is worth
1200:
mentioning in understanding the way Yaqui functions as a system. The subject comes after the object in the correct subject pronoun form. Following is the verb 'remember', which may be a trigger to the word order. Perhaps this word order implies the topic should be
880:), "bw" being a rounded "b" ('bwikam') and "kt" a simultaneous articulation of "k" and "t" ('rohikte'). The "kt" sound is found in many other Uto-Aztecan languages. Pronunciation of the rounded "b" as "b"+"w" and the "kt" as "k"+"t" is acceptable but non-native.
1285:
For example, the first person singular pronoun "in" or "ne" (which varies by dialect), is more often used in the form "inepo", which can be translated "within me". The "-(e)po" ending is quite common and seems to denote much more than simple physical inclusion.
937:
is present in Yaqui. For example, a word with the phoneme /l/ in it may be pronounced normally, to denote approval from the speaker, or with /r/ replacing the /l/, to denote disapproval or disfavor on the part of the speaker. Either form is correct.
975:
is often accompanied with a quick or slow open-handed movement to indicate the meaning, or it could be translated as "at a different speed" and requires a hand gesture to indicate the nature of the difference when that is needed for clarification.)
543:
in duration. Often, long vowels are shortened when the word they are used in is used constructively: 'maaso' ('deer') is shortened to 'maso' in 'maso bwikam' ('deer songs'). Long vowels are written by doubling the vowel. Long vowels may change
434:
values for several consonants and
Spanish spelling rules: "rohikte" would be written "rojicte". There are minor differences in the sounds of Mexican and American dialects, the latter tending to exclude an intervocalic "r" and final "k".
909:
is present in
Spanish not as an independent consonantal phoneme but as a variant of the vowel /u/ and the consonant /g/ when it is before a /u/ or /o/. The use of "g" in place of "w" is considered by Yaqui speakers as an influence from
548:, but that is not represented in the written language. Yaqui has often been described as being a tonal or "pitch accent" language, but the modern forms of the language do not show any widespread and significant use of
872:. That appears to be intrinsic to Yaqui, rather than from the influence of Spanish, which has a similar feature. Additionally, there are two consonants written as clusters: "bw" (IPA
926:. There also appears to be a "fainter" glottal stop that is sometimes used between vowels but with apparently little predictability. Whether it is phonemic or not is still unclear.
3833:
3838:
1346:
Used for the subjects in clauses, or when there is only one noun in the clause. It is marked on the subject when in clauses with
Absolutive case marking on the object.
2227:
2031:
1314:
Core argument of the verb in the sentence; with intransitive verbs it acts as the subject of the verb, in transitive verbs it acts as the object of the verb.
1367:
Plural nouns are formed by adding the suffix "-im", or "-m" if the noun ends in a vowel. If the noun ends in a "t", it changes to "ch" when "-im" is added.
949:
occurs at the ends of phrases. That is especially notable with the phoneme /m/ and with vowels. Yaqui speech often sounds "breathy" to
English speakers.
961:, has two contradictory meanings in translation into English: "quickly" and "slowly". (Incidentally, English has similar words of contrasting meanings:
3823:
2306:
3848:
3572:
2989:
2228:"Inventory of the Edward H. and Rosamond B. Spicer Papers, 1911-2000 (bulk 1937-1988); Series VIII: Yaqui Files, 1935-1995 (Bulk 1939-1988)"
1275:
207:
2005:
742:
2056:
3828:
1516:
Emphasizes a preceding action when accompanying another verb in a complex sentence. Can be paired with imperfective particle -ka.
3818:
3813:
3808:
841:
The following consonantal sounds are present in Yaqui: b, ch, (d), (f), (g), h, k, l, m, n, p, r, s, t, v, w, y, and one or two
2943:
2901:
309:
1549:
Means 'to cease' or 'to stop' as a stand-alone verb but combines as a Verb + Verb compound to indicate a completed action.
2299:
817:
795:
229:
3565:
1289:
Cases are marked on the nouns with suffixes. The following is a list of all the cases that are marked in the language.
2982:
2213:
2163:
2137:
2115:
405:
2108:
387:
3803:
3781:
683:
3589:
946:
497:
379:
219:
2863:
2546:
2323:
2292:
1688:
Greetings often are very formal. The following formula of four phrases is often used even among close friends:
503:
383:
3672:
1449:
The following is a table on the various tense markers that act more as aspectual values and epistemic states.
3657:
3558:
3304:
2404:
1717:- "May you rejoice!" (lit. "In you happy", 'allea' is said to be from the Spanish 'alegre', meaning 'happy')
2975:
713:
512:
183:
2279:
877:
873:
869:
862:
846:
691:
3758:
3690:
3525:
2776:
2625:
1505:
Emphasizing an action of duration and progressing, and when backgrounding another action in main clause.
990:
726:
474:
2930:
2850:
2817:
2596:
2591:
2355:
1322:
The noun of which something is given, used with ditransitive verbs as the indirect object of the verb.
828:
617:
610:
528:
3254:
2751:
2642:
901:, many speakers substitute "g" for syllable-initial "w". That is largely because Spanish lacks a /w/
706:
3515:
3439:
3343:
3229:
3206:
2347:
2102:
483:
368:
1575:" or "new", would most often be used to mean "is new". Adjectives have tenses, the same as verbs.
3611:
3284:
1610:
Reduplicating the second consonant of a verb is used to show that an action is performed rarely.
649:
628:
372:
2532:
3843:
3274:
2781:
2119:
858:
575:
3126:
2258:
3639:
3530:
3510:
3434:
3314:
3131:
3083:
3033:
2937:
2858:
2840:
2617:
2315:
1930:
811:
771:
764:
108:
3103:
1954:
1586:
is present in Yaqui. Reduplicating the first syllable of a verb indicates habitual action:
1388:
If a plural noun is the object of a sentence, the suffixation of "-t" or "-ta" is not used.
3598:
3581:
3294:
1494:
An action is happening at a point of time, NOT continuation or procession (unmarked form).
853:. Except for the glottal stops, most of them are pronounced nearly the same as they are in
3161:
2825:
8:
3520:
3429:
3329:
3244:
3176:
3121:
3068:
3063:
2998:
2630:
2189:
700:
673:
3652:
3384:
3369:
2791:
2570:
2507:
894:
and are substituted with the native sounds "t"/"r"/"l", "p", and "w"/"k", respectively.
3685:
3324:
3269:
3048:
2771:
2702:
2575:
2462:
1935:
570:
565:
545:
423:
3359:
2501:
2064:
175:
3695:
3469:
3399:
3364:
3349:
3289:
3279:
3259:
3211:
3186:
3098:
3053:
2835:
2760:
2733:
2679:
2602:
2555:
2495:
2469:
2416:
2388:
2383:
2371:
2209:
2203:
2159:
906:
787:
592:
582:
341:
113:
3073:
225:
3753:
3710:
3705:
3680:
3621:
3489:
3484:
3449:
3419:
3354:
3309:
3249:
3146:
3141:
3093:
3078:
3043:
3038:
2830:
2807:
2786:
2715:
2652:
2447:
2439:
2223:
2153:
1483:
Communicating a temporary future possibility relative to the time of being spoken.
888:
884:
854:
431:
3700:
3606:
3542:
Note: The list of official languages is ordered by decreasing size of population.
3494:
3474:
3464:
3454:
3444:
3424:
3389:
3334:
3264:
3239:
3166:
3151:
3136:
3023:
2880:
2875:
2868:
2766:
2721:
2661:
2487:
2476:
2430:
2376:
2332:
934:
911:
758:
587:
100:
2269:
3479:
3379:
3319:
3181:
3088:
3058:
2958:
2885:
2668:
2636:
599:
188:
132:
3797:
3726:
3647:
3629:
3374:
3299:
3234:
3201:
3171:
3156:
2710:
2692:
2527:
1583:
1279:
734:
655:
456:
337:
333:
321:
55:
2264:
3339:
3191:
1561:
842:
635:
317:
139:
79:
2453:
426:
in the United States. There are also several orthographic systems used in
159:
3394:
2409:
2274:
1330:
Conveys the means of accomplishment of the action expressed by the verb.
468:
451:
419:
313:
2284:
3550:
850:
540:
520:
461:
2967:
2252:
1472:
To convey some future effect of an action, probability or possibility
491:
168:
152:
2182:
Diccionario yaqui-español y textos: Obra de preservación lingüística
357:
196:
923:
891:
237:
40:
3028:
2742:
1566:
965:, which can mean either "unhesitating" or "scatter-brained", and
902:
549:
329:
233:
69:
3459:
898:
427:
325:
204:
65:
51:
1338:
Attaches to the noun to indicate the location of the phrase.
267:
257:
1607:
Primary reduplication is also used to pluralize adjectives.
1059:
verb/ copula, when information is being stated that x is y.
868:
Many Yaqui speakers pronounce b and v exactly the same, as
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1965:
1963:
236:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2196:. México: Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia.
2184:. Sonora: Universidad de Sonora/Plaza y Valdés Editores.
2032:"Tribal council selects ASU project for use in schools"
1960:
1938:
were "restricted to 'Tribally enrolled
Members' only."
1924:
3834:
1491:-k; –ka as an allomorph with a specific set of words.
340:, also spoken in Sonora, and together they are called
1538:
To begin doing something or commence doing something
3839:
Indigenous languages of the North
American Southwest
443:
Yaqui vowel sounds are similar to those of
Spanish:
1983:
1955:
Lenguas indígenas y hablantes de 3 años y más, 2020
1711:- (the reply to the above, lit. "God pardons you!")
2000:
1998:
1091:
16:Native American language of the Uto-Aztecan family
2179:
1929:In 2009, the Pascua Yaqui Tribal Council and the
1697:- "Greetings!" (to one person, to more than one:
1560:In Yaqui, adjectives very often act as verbs (in
1306:Movement away/ out of the noun it's attached to.
996:The object of a sentence is suffixed with "-ta".
3795:
1705:is a very early borrowing of the Spanish "Dios")
2205:Yoeme-English English-Yoeme Standard Dictionary
1995:
2270:OLAC resources in and about the Yaqui language
914:and not standard Yaqui usage, even in Mexico.
3566:
2983:
2300:
922:There is at least one glottal stop, which is
2151:
1977:
883:Also, "d", "f", and "g" are present only in
2158:. Tucson, AZ: University of Arizona Press.
2152:Dedrick, John M.; Casad, Eugene H. (1999).
2063:. Tucson, AZ. June 15, 2010. Archived from
1613:
1187:I(SUBJ) able INTR-chop Axe-ACC:PL-INST(OBJ)
386:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
3573:
3559:
2990:
2976:
2307:
2293:
2280:A PRELIMINARY SKETCH OF THE YAQUI LANGUAGE
1957:INEGI. Censo de Población y Vivienda 2020.
1527:General past continuative, used with –ka.
1262:My mother-CONN-to(OBJ) I(SUBJ) remember(V)
195:
2314:
2138:Learn how and when to remove this message
1095:
406:Learn how and when to remove this message
203:Yaqui is classified as Vulnerable by the
3580:
2101:This article includes a list of general
2029:
1948:
1044:
336:. It is partially intelligible with the
208:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
3824:Native American language revitalization
2997:
2188:
1437:Regularly, "-ne" indicates the future.
1165:
230:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
3796:
2741:
1729:
1194:
1173:
1116:
969:which can mean "very" or "a little".)
39:
3554:
2971:
2944:List of extinct Uto-Aztecan languages
2902:Nahuatl language in the United States
2288:
2201:
2030:Schubert, Corey (February 27, 2009).
1989:
1169:
316:family. It is spoken by about 20,000
2087:
1925:Language revitalization and teaching
1153:
1109:{He (SUBJ)} Him {Child-NZ-POS (OBJ)}
861:. In the IPA, they are respectively
430:differing slightly, mainly in using
384:adding citations to reliable sources
351:
1440:
1228:
1177:
1099:
91:20,000 in Mexico (2020 census)
13:
2255:, from the World Loanword Database
2222:
2180:Estrada Fernández, Zarina (2004).
2107:it lacks sufficient corresponding
2036:Indian Country Today Media Network
1564:linguistics, they would be called
1356:Used to show possession on nouns.
1224:
929:
14:
3860:
2246:
1049:
827:
816:
794:
770:
763:
741:
725:
712:
705:
682:
654:
648:
634:
627:
616:
609:
527:
511:
502:
496:
482:
473:
3776:
3775:
2155:Sonora Yaqui Language Structures
2092:
1578:
1252:
917:
857:, but "p", "t", and "k" are not
356:
3829:Indigenous languages of Arizona
2275:Constitution of Mexico in Yaqui
2083:
1240:
1134:
1071:
3819:Languages of the United States
3814:Indigenous languages of Mexico
3809:Southern Uto-Aztecan languages
2408:(Chemehuevi, Southern Paiute,
2208:. New York: Hippocrene Books.
2049:
2023:
1701:) (lit. "God preserves you!",
1190:I am able to chop with an axe.
989:Yaqui word order is generally
539:Vowels may be either short or
1:
3849:Subject–object–verb languages
2265:Yaqui Indian Language (Yoeme)
2259:Yaqui Swadesh vocabulary list
1941:
1555:
1184:née ʹáa Hi-máʹako Tépwa-m-mea
555:
1636:- kind (lit. "good hearted")
1040:"I am looking at the woman."
941:
347:
93:640 in the USA (2015 census)
7:
3526:Plains Indian Sign Language
2057:"Saving the Yaqui language"
1680:aman ne tevote em yevihnewi
1353:(part of Genitive function)
952:
863:/bt͡ʃ(d)(f)(ɡ)hklmnpɾstβwj/
10:
3865:
2864:Tehuacan–Zongolica Nahuatl
979:
418:The remarks below use the
3771:
3746:
3739:
3719:
3671:
3638:
3620:
3597:
3588:
3539:
3503:
3412:
3220:
3112:
3014:
3005:
2952:
2922:
2894:
2849:
2816:
2800:
2750:
2732:
2701:
2678:
2651:
2616:
2584:
2563:
2554:
2545:
2520:
2486:
2438:
2429:
2397:
2364:
2340:
2331:
2322:
1682:- "I extend my greetings"
1535:-taite (SG); -hapte (PL)
984:
810:
786:
757:
733:
699:
672:
598:
562:
438:
328:and across the border in
283:
273:
263:
253:
248:
216:
194:
182:
166:
150:
145:
129:
97:
85:
75:
61:
47:
35:
28:
23:
3516:Albarradas Sign Language
2202:Shaul, David L. (1999).
2198:(published posthumously)
1978:Dedrick & Casad 1999
1614:Sample words and phrases
1428:
1362:
3804:Agglutinative languages
2777:Tlaxcala–Puebla Nahuatl
2232:Arizona Archives Online
2122:more precise citations.
1269:
2782:Central Puebla Nahuatl
1934:on the website of the
1434:"-k", "-an" is added.
1259:ʹin malá-be-u ne wáate
218:This article contains
3531:Chatino Sign Language
3511:Mexican Sign Language
2859:Sierra Puebla Nahuatl
2841:Temascaltepec Nahuatl
2316:Uto-Aztecan languages
2253:Yaqui Vocabulary List
1931:University of Arizona
1419:Inepo haamuchim vichu
1265:I remember my mother.
1204:is being remembered.
1045:Word order structures
849:), represented by an
3582:Languages of Arizona
2190:Johnson, Jean Basset
1106:ʹáapo ʹáʹa Yoém-ia-k
380:improve this section
300:), locally known as
3521:Mayan Sign Language
2999:Languages of Mexico
2351:(including Bannock)
1819:
1736:
1730:Kinship terminology
1466:Future tense marker
1195:Object subject verb
1117:Subject verb object
991:subject–object–verb
41:[joʔemnoki]
3132:Chontal de Tabasco
2772:Tetelcingo Nahuatl
2626:Downriver Guarijio
2010:Pascua Yaqui Tribe
1936:Pascua Yaqui Tribe
1817:
1734:
1571:). For instance, "
1499:Imperfect particle
424:Pascua Yaqui Tribe
3791:
3790:
3767:
3766:
3735:
3734:
3720:Language isolates
3548:
3547:
3408:
3407:
3230:Chontal of Oaxaca
2965:
2964:
2959:extinct languages
2931:Proto-Uto-Aztecan
2918:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2826:Michoacán Nahuatl
2761:Classical Nahuatl
2612:
2611:
2597:Southern Tepehuan
2592:Northern Tepehuan
2541:
2540:
2516:
2515:
2425:
2424:
2413:
2380:
2352:
2148:
2147:
2140:
2067:on April 23, 2014
1920:
1919:
1815:
1814:
1735:Immediate family
1553:
1552:
1521:Past continuative
1488:Perfective aspect
1422:I women {look at}
1360:
1359:
1037:I woman {look at}
839:
838:
645:
606:
537:
536:
416:
415:
408:
342:Cahitan languages
291:
290:
244:
243:
226:rendering support
222:phonetic symbols.
3856:
3779:
3778:
3744:
3743:
3595:
3594:
3575:
3568:
3561:
3552:
3551:
3255:Chichimeca Jonaz
3012:
3011:
2992:
2985:
2978:
2969:
2968:
2831:Coatepec Nahuatl
2808:Huasteca Nahuatl
2792:Ometepec Náhuatl
2787:Guerrero Nahuatl
2748:
2747:
2739:
2738:
2643:Upriver Guarijio
2561:
2560:
2552:
2551:
2436:
2435:
2407:
2374:
2350:
2338:
2337:
2329:
2328:
2309:
2302:
2295:
2286:
2285:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2224:Spicer, Edward H
2219:
2197:
2185:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2143:
2136:
2132:
2129:
2123:
2118:this article by
2109:inline citations
2096:
2095:
2088:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2002:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1958:
1952:
1820:
1818:Extended family
1816:
1737:
1733:
1699:Lios em chaniavu
1543:Cessative aspect
1532:Inceptive aspect
1452:
1451:
1441:Tense and aspect
1292:
1291:
1254:
1242:
1230:
1226:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1155:
1136:
1112:He is his child.
1101:
1097:
1093:
1073:
879:
876:) and "kt" (IPA
875:
871:
864:
848:
831:
820:
798:
774:
767:
745:
729:
716:
709:
693:
686:
658:
652:
643:
638:
631:
620:
613:
604:
560:
559:
531:
515:
506:
500:
486:
477:
446:
445:
411:
404:
400:
397:
391:
360:
352:
312:language of the
246:
245:
210:
199:
178:
162:
155:
135:
103:
43:
21:
20:
3864:
3863:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3763:
3731:
3715:
3667:
3658:Southern Paiute
3634:
3616:
3584:
3579:
3549:
3544:
3535:
3499:
3404:
3344:whistled speech
3222:
3216:
3152:Sierra Popoluca
3114:
3108:
3016:
3007:
3001:
2996:
2966:
2961:
2948:
2906:
2890:
2881:Tabasco Nahuatl
2876:Isthmus Nahuatl
2869:Orizaba Nahuatl
2845:
2812:
2796:
2767:Morelos Nahuatl
2728:
2697:
2674:
2647:
2608:
2580:
2537:
2512:
2508:Luiseño-Juaneño
2482:
2421:
2393:
2360:
2348:Northern Paiute
2318:
2313:
2261:from Wiktionary
2249:
2236:
2234:
2216:
2194:El Idioma Yaqui
2170:
2168:
2166:
2144:
2133:
2127:
2124:
2114:Please help to
2113:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2081:
2080:
2070:
2068:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2040:
2038:
2028:
2024:
2014:
2012:
2004:
2003:
1996:
1988:
1984:
1976:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1944:
1927:
1888:Younger Brother
1783:Younger Brother
1732:
1709:Lios em chiokoe
1616:
1601:- usually shuts
1581:
1558:
1443:
1431:
1426:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1393:
1365:
1352:
1272:
1267:
1257:
1245:
1233:
1217:
1209:
1197:
1192:
1182:
1158:
1147:
1139:
1127:
1119:
1114:
1104:
1084:
1076:
1064:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1028:
1020:
1009:
1001:
987:
982:
955:
944:
935:Sound symbolism
932:
930:Sound symbolism
920:
577:
558:
441:
412:
401:
395:
392:
377:
361:
350:
310:Native American
224:Without proper
212:
211:
202:
174:
158:
151:
136:
131:
125:
104:
101:Language family
99:
92:
88:
87:Native speakers
17:
12:
11:
5:
3862:
3852:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3806:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3765:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3748:
3741:
3740:Non-Indigenous
3737:
3736:
3733:
3732:
3730:
3729:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3677:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
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3644:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3626:
3624:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3612:Western Apache
3609:
3603:
3601:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3578:
3577:
3570:
3563:
3555:
3546:
3545:
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3492:
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3442:
3437:
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3416:
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3405:
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3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3285:Western Apache
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3118:
3116:
3113:10,000-100,000
3110:
3109:
3107:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3020:
3018:
3009:
3003:
3002:
2995:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2972:
2963:
2962:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2934:
2926:
2924:
2920:
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2916:
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2912:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2861:
2855:
2853:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2828:
2822:
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2804:
2802:
2798:
2797:
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2769:
2764:
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2676:
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2665:
2657:
2655:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2640:
2633:
2628:
2622:
2620:
2614:
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2610:
2609:
2607:
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2599:
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2579:
2578:
2573:
2567:
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2558:
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2538:
2536:
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2530:
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2518:
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2505:
2498:
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2484:
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2473:
2466:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2444:
2442:
2433:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2405:Colorado River
2401:
2399:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2353:
2344:
2342:
2335:
2326:
2320:
2319:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2289:
2283:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2256:
2248:
2247:External links
2245:
2244:
2243:
2220:
2214:
2199:
2186:
2177:
2164:
2146:
2145:
2128:September 2012
2100:
2098:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2048:
2022:
1994:
1992:, p. 284.
1982:
1959:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1926:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1910:Younger Sister
1907:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1870:
1867:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1813:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1805:Younger Sister
1802:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1791:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1769:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1758:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1695:Lios em chania
1686:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1661:
1655:
1649:
1643:
1637:
1631:
1625:
1615:
1612:
1605:
1604:
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1596:
1580:
1577:
1557:
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1550:
1547:
1544:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1522:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1510:Remote stative
1507:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1477:Future passive
1474:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1442:
1439:
1430:
1427:
1410:
1402:
1394:
1391:
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1316:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1300:
1299:
1296:
1271:
1268:
1246:
1234:
1218:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1196:
1193:
1159:
1148:
1140:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1118:
1115:
1085:
1077:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1051:
1050:Subject object
1048:
1046:
1043:
1021:
1010:
1002:
999:
998:
986:
983:
981:
978:
954:
951:
943:
940:
931:
928:
919:
916:
837:
836:
834:
832:
825:
823:
821:
814:
808:
807:
805:
803:
801:
799:
792:
790:
784:
783:
781:
779:
777:
775:
768:
761:
755:
754:
752:
750:
748:
746:
739:
737:
731:
730:
723:
721:
719:
717:
710:
703:
697:
696:
694:
689:
687:
680:
678:
676:
670:
669:
667:
665:
663:
661:
659:
646:
640:
639:
632:
625:
623:
621:
614:
607:
602:
596:
595:
590:
585:
580:
573:
568:
563:
557:
554:
535:
534:
532:
525:
523:
517:
516:
509:
507:
494:
488:
487:
480:
478:
471:
465:
464:
459:
454:
449:
440:
437:
414:
413:
364:
362:
355:
349:
346:
289:
288:
285:
281:
280:
275:
271:
270:
268:Yaqui / Yoemem
265:
261:
260:
255:
251:
250:
242:
241:
228:, you may see
214:
213:
201:
200:
192:
191:
186:
180:
179:
172:
164:
163:
156:
148:
147:
146:Language codes
143:
142:
137:
133:Writing system
130:
127:
126:
124:
123:
122:
121:
107:
105:
98:
95:
94:
89:
86:
83:
82:
77:
73:
72:
63:
59:
58:
49:
48:Native to
45:
44:
37:
33:
32:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3861:
3850:
3847:
3845:
3844:Yaqui culture
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3784:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:Indo-European
3745:
3742:
3738:
3728:
3725:
3724:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3673:Yuman-Cochimí
3670:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3576:
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3569:
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3562:
3557:
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3553:
3543:
3538:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3502:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
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3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
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3428:
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3423:
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3418:
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3368:
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3351:
3348:
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3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
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3293:
3291:
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3278:
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3258:
3256:
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3251:
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3228:
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3225:
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3208:
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3203:
3200:
3198:
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3119:
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3087:
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2899:
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2860:
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2856:
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2834:
2832:
2829:
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2237:September 29,
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2215:0-7818-0633-X
2211:
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2171:September 29,
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2015:September 29,
2011:
2007:
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1882:
1879:
1877:Older Brother
1876:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1853:
1849:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1772:Older Brother
1771:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1738:
1723:- "How kind!"
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1693:
1692:
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1611:
1608:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1591:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1584:Reduplication
1579:Reduplication
1576:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1524:-n; -ka + -n
1523:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1513:-i; -ka + -i
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1497:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1471:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1455:Tense/ Aspect
1454:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1438:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1389:
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1378:
1375:
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1310:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1293:
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1287:
1283:
1281:
1280:agglutinative
1277:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1244:
1237:
1232:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1205:
1203:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1162:
1157:
1151:
1146:
1143:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1103:
1088:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1060:
1058:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1005:
997:
994:
992:
977:
974:
970:
968:
964:
960:
950:
948:
939:
936:
927:
925:
918:Glottal stops
915:
913:
908:
904:
900:
895:
893:
890:
886:
881:
866:
860:
856:
852:
844:
843:glottal stops
835:
833:
830:
826:
824:
822:
819:
815:
813:
809:
806:
804:
802:
800:
797:
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728:
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429:
425:
421:
410:
407:
399:
396:December 2013
389:
385:
381:
375:
374:
370:
365:This section
363:
359:
354:
353:
345:
343:
339:
338:Mayo language
335:
334:United States
331:
327:
323:
322:Mexican state
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
286:
282:
279:
276:
272:
269:
266:
262:
259:
258:Hiaki / Yoeme
256:
252:
247:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
221:
215:
209:
206:
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193:
190:
187:
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111:
110:
106:
102:
96:
90:
84:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57:
53:
50:
46:
42:
38:
36:Pronunciation
34:
31:
27:
22:
19:
3780:
3662:
3541:
3435:Plautdietsch
3413:Non-official
3221:Under 10,000
3196:
3044:Tzotzil Maya
3039:Tzeltal Maya
3034:Yucatec Maya
2954:
2938:Proto-Nahuan
2936:
2929:
2759:
2720:
2687:
2667:
2660:
2635:
2601:
2500:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2452:
2235:. Retrieved
2231:
2204:
2193:
2181:
2169:. Retrieved
2154:
2134:
2125:
2106:
2084:Bibliography
2069:. Retrieved
2065:the original
2060:
2051:
2039:. Retrieved
2035:
2025:
2013:. Retrieved
2009:
1985:
1950:
1928:
1921:
1899:Older Sister
1794:Older Sister
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1687:
1679:
1667:
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1639:
1634:tu'i hiapsek
1633:
1627:
1621:
1609:
1606:
1598:
1592:
1582:
1572:
1565:
1562:Afro-Asiatic
1559:
1461:Meaning/Use
1448:
1444:
1436:
1432:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1406:
1403:
1398:
1395:
1387:
1379:
1373:
1366:
1327:Instrumental
1288:
1284:
1274:Yaqui is a "
1273:
1264:
1261:
1258:
1250:
1247:
1238:
1235:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1211:
1201:
1198:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1163:
1160:
1152:
1149:
1144:
1141:
1132:
1129:
1120:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1089:
1086:
1081:
1078:
1069:
1066:
1056:
1053:
1039:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1003:
995:
988:
972:
971:
966:
962:
958:
956:
945:
933:
921:
896:
882:
867:
840:
538:
442:
422:used by the
417:
402:
393:
378:Please help
366:
318:Yaqui people
305:
301:
297:
293:
292:
277:
217:
167:
118:
80:Yaqui people
29:
18:
3640:Uto-Aztecan
3295:Matlatzinca
3127:Tojol-abʼal
2618:Tarahumaran
2533:Tübatulabal
2375:(including
2120:introducing
1844:Grandfather
1833:Grandmother
1161:Tépwa-m-mea
1030:Inepo hamut
812:Approximant
420:orthography
314:Uto-Aztecan
232:instead of
109:Uto-Aztecan
3798:Categories
3599:Athabaskan
3590:Indigenous
3430:Portuguese
3330:Texistepec
3265:Chocholtec
3245:Chiricahua
3207:Qʼanjobʼal
3122:Tarahumara
3008:Indigenous
2631:Tarahumara
2103:references
2006:"Language"
1990:Shaul 1999
1942:References
1715:Empo allea
1556:Adjectives
1343:Nominative
1311:Absolutive
1282:language.
1276:noun-heavy
957:One word,
851:apostrophe
556:Consonants
3686:Havasupai
3325:Kaqchikel
3305:Mezcalero
3270:Pima Bajo
3177:Popolocan
3104:Purépecha
3084:Chinantec
3006:Official/
2957:indicate
2576:Pima Bajo
2463:Kitanemuk
1828:Mother's
1668:totoim) -
1666:(plural.
1660:- to hunt
1640:yantela -
1404:haamuchim
1351:Possessor
1298:Function
1251:remember(
1220:malá-be-u
1150:Hi-máʹako
1087:Yoém-ia-k
963:mercurial
947:Devoicing
942:Devoicing
892:loanwords
859:aspirated
701:Fricative
674:Affricate
605:voiceless
367:does not
348:Phonology
306:Yoem Noki
278:Yoem Noki
169:Glottolog
153:ISO 639-3
76:Ethnicity
30:Yoem Noki
3782:Category
3696:Maricopa
3691:Hualapai
3470:Japanese
3440:Venetian
3400:Awakatek
3395:Ayapanec
3290:Jakaltek
3280:Lacandón
3260:Huarijío
3223:speakers
3187:Cuicatec
3162:Tepehuán
3115:speakers
3099:Tlapanec
3017:speakers
3015:100,000+
2836:Pochutec
2801:Huasteca
2703:Corachol
2603:Tepecano
2585:Tepehuan
2547:Southern
2496:Cahuilla
2470:Tataviam
2417:Kawaiisu
2398:Southern
2389:Timbisha
2384:Comanche
2372:Shoshoni
2324:Northern
2192:(1962).
1905:Chi'ila
1825:Father's
1648:- friend
1335:Locative
1303:Ablative
1202:who/what
953:Gestures
924:phonemic
578:alveolar
571:Alveolar
566:Bilabial
274:Language
238:Help:IPA
176:yaqu1251
3759:Spanish
3754:English
3711:Yavapai
3706:Quechan
3681:Cocopah
3653:Oʼodham
3490:Chinese
3485:Italian
3450:Catalan
3420:English
3385:Cochimí
3315:Kʼicheʼ
3310:Ixcatec
3275:Qʼeqchí
3250:Tacuate
3212:Tepehua
3147:Chatino
3142:Huichol
3094:Mazahua
3079:Huastec
3069:Mazatec
3064:Totonac
3054:Zapotec
3029:Nahuatl
3024:Spanish
2955:Italics
2923:History
2851:Eastern
2818:Western
2752:Central
2743:Nahuatl
2734:Aztecan
2716:Huichol
2571:Oʼodham
2556:Tepiman
2454:Vanyume
2448:Serrano
2377:Gosiute
2365:Central
2341:Western
2116:improve
1850:Hamuli
1839:Namuli
1778:Avachi
1767:Hapchi
1745:Female
1721:Kettu'i
1670:chicken
1646:halla'i
1630:- woman
1595:- shuts
1567:stative
1546:-yaáte
1415:look at
1380:Tekilim
1223:mother-
1026:look at
980:Grammar
912:Spanish
903:phoneme
889:Spanish
885:English
855:English
788:Lateral
600:Plosive
593:Glottal
583:Palatal
550:tonemes
457:Central
432:Spanish
388:removed
373:sources
332:in the
330:Arizona
320:in the
308:, is a
284:Country
234:Unicode
114:Cahitan
70:Arizona
3701:Mojave
3622:Tanoan
3607:Navajo
3495:German
3475:Korean
3465:Romani
3460:Arabic
3455:Hebrew
3445:Basque
3425:French
3390:Kiliwa
3380:Olutec
3370:Pápago
3365:Kumiai
3360:Qatoʼk
3355:Cucapá
3340:Kikapú
3335:Paipai
3240:Akatek
3167:Triqui
3137:Amuzgo
3049:Mixtec
2722:Cazcan
2680:Cahita
2662:Eudeve
2653:Opatan
2502:Cupeño
2477:Tongva
2440:Serran
2212:
2162:
2105:, but
1916:Mamai
1902:Ne'esa
1894:Taata
1883:Kumui
1866:Father
1855:Mother
1847:Hamuli
1836:Namuli
1761:Father
1750:Mother
1654:- deer
1573:vemela
1458:Suffix
1382:- Jobs
1319:Dative
1090:Child-
985:Syntax
905:. The
899:Mexico
644:voiced
439:Vowels
428:Mexico
326:Sonora
287:Hiakim
264:People
254:Person
205:UNESCO
66:Sonora
62:Region
52:Mexico
3663:Yaqui
3480:Greek
3320:Lipan
3197:Yaqui
3182:Huave
3074:Chʼol
3059:Otomí
2895:Other
2886:Pipil
2688:Yaqui
2669:Opata
2637:Tubar
2564:Pimic
2521:Other
2488:Cupan
2431:Takic
2333:Numic
1891:Samai
1880:Haavi
1869:Havoi
1858:Haaka
1786:Saila
1764:Achai
1753:Malam
1664:totoi
1652:maaso
1642:peace
1628:hamut
1624:- man
1599:e'eta
1569:verbs
1480:-naa
1469:-nee
1429:Verbs
1412:vichu
1407:women
1396:Inepo
1376:- Job
1374:Tekil
1363:Nouns
1248:wáate
1156:-chop
1067:ʹáapo
1057:to be
1034:vichu
1023:vichu
1018:woman
1012:hamut
1004:Inepo
973:Laute
967:quite
959:laute
907:phone
878:/k͡t/
845:(IPA
759:Nasal
588:Velar
576:Post-
469:Close
452:Front
302:Yoeme
298:Hiaki
294:Yaqui
249:Hiaki
189:Yaqui
140:Latin
119:Yaqui
24:Yaqui
3727:Zuni
3648:Hopi
3630:Tewa
3504:Sign
3375:Ixil
3350:Teko
3300:Seri
3235:Chuj
3202:Pame
3172:Cora
3157:Mayo
3089:Mixe
2711:Cora
2693:Mayo
2528:Hopi
2356:Mono
2239:2012
2210:ISBN
2173:2012
2160:ISBN
2073:2012
2061:KVOA
2043:2012
2017:2012
1913:Nana
1872:Apa
1861:Asu
1811:Wai
1800:Ako
1789:Wai
1742:Male
1703:Lios
1658:aamu
1622:o'ow
1502:-ka
1295:Case
1270:Case
1241:SUBJ
1227:-to(
1225:CONN
1174:INST
1164:Axe-
1154:INTR
1145:able
1135:SUBJ
1079:ʹáʹa
1072:SUBJ
1070:He (
887:and
874:/bʷ/
546:tone
541:long
521:Open
462:Back
371:any
369:cite
296:(or
56:U.S.
3192:Mam
2410:Ute
1808:Wai
1797:Ako
1775:Sai
1756:Ae
1593:eta
1392:ex:
1229:OBJ
1212:ʹin
1208:ex:
1178:OBJ
1166:ACC
1142:ʹáa
1130:née
1126:ex:
1100:OBJ
1096:POS
1082:Him
1063:ex:
1000:ex:
897:In
870:/β/
847:/ʔ/
735:Tap
692:k͡t
684:t͡ʃ
492:Mid
382:by
324:of
304:or
220:IPA
184:ELP
160:yaq
3800::
2230:.
2226:.
2059:.
2034:.
2008:.
1997:^
1962:^
1278:"
1239:I(
1236:ne
1215:My
1170:PL
1133:I(
1092:NZ
1032:ta
1014:ta
993:.
865:.
656:bʷ
653:,
552:.
501:~
344:.
68:,
54:,
3574:e
3567:t
3560:v
3346:)
3342:(
2991:e
2984:t
2977:v
2725:?
2412:)
2379:)
2308:e
2301:t
2294:v
2241:.
2218:.
2175:.
2141:)
2135:(
2130:)
2126:(
2112:.
2075:.
2045:.
2019:.
1980:.
1399:I
1255:)
1253:V
1243:)
1231:)
1180:)
1176:(
1172:-
1168::
1137:)
1102:)
1098:(
1094:-
1074:)
1007:I
829:j
818:w
796:l
772:n
765:m
743:ɾ
727:h
714:s
707:β
650:b
636:ʔ
629:k
618:t
611:p
529:a
513:o
504:ɛ
498:e
484:u
475:i
409:)
403:(
398:)
394:(
390:.
376:.
240:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
