248:. The Woleaians, perhaps not given enough time to grasp the concept of an alphabet where each syllable is written as consonant plus vowel, understood each letter to represent its name, and thus interpreted the Latin alphabet as a defective syllabary that could only represent simple vowels and consonants plus the vowel . (Riesenberg & Kaneshiro (1960) call the glyphs at this stage of development "Type 2".) The glyphs were also mixed up somewhat: Although the letters resembling T, K, S, R, H, O, E, for example, stood for (there is no sound in Woleaian), and W, И stood for (that is, the letters M and N were inverted), letters resembling L, B, D stood for . (Note that these Latin letters are not necessary for Woleaian, since short and long are not distinguished.)
278:
30:
289:
Preliminary proposals have been made to add Woleai script to
Unicode. They propose 97 characters. These constituted an incomplete set of the V and CV syllables of the script. No CCV or CVC syllables are included.
262:, reached Woleai in 1913, he found an indigenous writing system, albeit one known to only a few people. A chief named Egilimar showed it to him, and Brown published a list of 51 glyphs in 1914 that included V,
255:
the syllabary was augmented with glyphs that
Riesenberg & Kaneshiro call "Type 1". At least some of these may have been rebuses. This extended syllabary spread back to the other islands.
181:
which crystallized into full-fledged writing under the influence of the Latin alphabet, or if they were exposed to the Latin alphabet without completely understanding it (see
124:
1009:
493:
1439:
1429:
1004:
1419:
1409:
999:
994:
989:
3135:
1424:
568:
306:
It may have been expanded through the rebus principle when a writer found that convenient, or some of the extra syllables may have been
228:. Not enough glyphs were recorded to write all Woleaian syllables this way, and it is not known if the script was fully standardized.
3167:
244:, a Woleaian-speaking atoll 100 km to the southwest of Woleai proper. There they taught the islanders the Latin orthography of
177:
are ignored. Approximately a fifth of them derive from the Latin alphabet. The question for historians is whether the
Wolaians had
2357:
4237:
486:
2806:
154:
until the mid-20th century. At the time the script was first noticed by
Europeans, this part of Micronesia was known as the
2243:
555:
779:
4344:
4354:
4005:
3991:
3961:
3100:
4223:
2940:
2337:
479:
784:
465:
2663:
1924:
106:
4230:
2796:
2435:
2905:
2430:
1488:
1767:
4359:
4216:
4195:
1483:
1258:
774:
550:
173:
glyphs, which are not quite enough for a complete representation of the
Woleaian language, even given that
401:
390:
120:
116:
4096:
4075:
2755:
2750:
2445:
2347:
869:
560:
4163:
2760:
2327:
1740:
801:
1493:
811:
2413:
2135:
1688:
1275:
3913:
3899:
3204:
1787:
1590:
806:
182:
3518:
934:
4202:
3230:
2187:
1864:
1843:
1723:
1703:
1535:
1206:
1110:
587:
545:
502:
2920:
1859:
1849:
1782:
1292:
725:
102:
204:
The script was written from left to right. Since length was ignored, one glyph stood for both
4304:
4209:
3998:
3947:
3407:
3329:
3093:
3032:
3017:
2586:
2465:
2207:
2167:
1899:
1575:
759:
747:
720:
705:
3012:
2217:
4068:
3819:
3496:
2992:
2647:
2611:
2016:
1939:
1772:
1520:
1510:
1349:
1332:
648:
259:
220:(, , and ). Some glyphs stood for longer syllables than just consonant-plus-vowel, such as
324:
8:
4349:
2895:
2791:
2513:
2036:
742:
1058:
4054:
4031:
3665:
3554:
3544:
3436:
3379:
3365:
3322:
3027:
2910:
2745:
2637:
2596:
2550:
2545:
2440:
2422:
2090:
2021:
1986:
1934:
1747:
1735:
1146:
1068:
969:
524:
3287:
2945:
4177:
4170:
3906:
3892:
3804:
3693:
3603:
3582:
3561:
3489:
3421:
3280:
3238:
3190:
2925:
2915:
2560:
2555:
2460:
2455:
2362:
2317:
2140:
2120:
2110:
2100:
2095:
2031:
2026:
1954:
1889:
1874:
1824:
1819:
1762:
1698:
1656:
1498:
1384:
1307:
823:
818:
695:
245:
151:
4311:
4249:
4142:
4103:
4089:
4047:
3922:
3868:
3849:
3783:
3775:
3761:
3754:
3679:
3475:
3450:
3386:
3358:
3273:
3259:
3176:
3149:
3086:
2997:
2900:
2722:
2565:
2192:
2172:
2162:
2157:
2041:
1797:
1730:
1718:
1683:
1678:
1661:
1600:
1565:
1525:
1327:
1322:
1270:
1221:
1105:
1039:
979:
929:
874:
791:
769:
754:
700:
690:
624:
447:
4149:
3344:
2970:
2621:
1991:
424:
Riesenberg, Saul H., and
Shigeru Kaneshiro. 1960. "A Caroline Islands Script", in
4135:
3827:
3768:
3714:
3707:
3686:
3672:
3656:
3634:
3589:
3482:
3457:
3429:
3414:
3337:
3315:
3308:
3266:
3226:
3197:
2885:
2855:
2678:
2601:
2367:
2297:
2202:
2150:
2130:
2066:
2056:
2046:
2011:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1879:
1834:
1829:
1713:
1708:
1555:
1545:
1399:
1364:
1359:
1339:
1233:
1191:
1131:
1014:
984:
894:
854:
796:
730:
710:
658:
641:
629:
2332:
1515:
4272:
4156:
4040:
4020:
3929:
3797:
3728:
3627:
3575:
3568:
3400:
3393:
3372:
3351:
3252:
3245:
3052:
3007:
2935:
2930:
2781:
2765:
2740:
2683:
2673:
2668:
2508:
2382:
2342:
2312:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2222:
2197:
2145:
2085:
2051:
2001:
1949:
1914:
1869:
1839:
1792:
1752:
1651:
1605:
1560:
1478:
1414:
1369:
1354:
1317:
1297:
1265:
1253:
1201:
1196:
1186:
1176:
1171:
1088:
1073:
1063:
1029:
1019:
964:
949:
914:
764:
668:
616:
506:
2482:
4338:
4279:
4128:
4061:
3984:
3954:
3812:
3790:
3721:
3617:
3596:
3443:
3301:
3219:
3212:
3183:
3142:
3057:
3042:
2829:
2523:
2182:
2125:
1777:
1550:
1434:
1389:
1344:
1312:
1161:
1078:
1051:
1024:
954:
939:
924:
879:
636:
459:
348:
251:
Snelling died on Woleai on his way back to Chuuk. His crew continued, and at
178:
1098:
3735:
3700:
3641:
3128:
2890:
2786:
2699:
2591:
2492:
2302:
2115:
2080:
2061:
1996:
1884:
1646:
1570:
1379:
1374:
1285:
1280:
1216:
1156:
1136:
1093:
1083:
1034:
919:
899:
889:
737:
715:
673:
471:
1944:
4318:
4082:
4013:
3294:
2985:
2845:
2606:
2450:
2307:
2212:
1981:
1909:
1894:
1802:
1595:
1505:
1404:
1394:
1248:
1211:
1166:
1151:
1126:
1046:
974:
959:
663:
237:
2975:
2950:
2518:
1961:
1451:
1446:
1302:
1243:
884:
462:(An image of the syllabary with glyphs taken from the Unicode proposal.
437:
186:
174:
325:"N4146: Proposal for encoding the Woleai script in the SMP of the UCS"
4286:
4265:
4258:
3037:
2874:
2570:
2537:
2372:
2263:
1812:
1540:
1456:
1181:
263:
166:
143:
83:
2980:
277:
3002:
2965:
2960:
2840:
2801:
2642:
2401:
2286:
2177:
1919:
1807:
1757:
1628:
1141:
944:
904:
685:
678:
529:
307:
252:
241:
112:
71:
3022:
3109:
2616:
2487:
2377:
2352:
2238:
2075:
1929:
1904:
1673:
1580:
1228:
842:
653:
442:
282:
29:
4110:
1854:
1666:
1585:
1530:
1238:
909:
190:
147:
2477:
2472:
2322:
2105:
2006:
1693:
604:
266:
194:
170:
201:
symbols, until it was sufficient to fully express
Woleaian.
2955:
2850:
236:
In 1905 a lost missionary named Alfred
Snelling and his
185:), and supplemented it either with existing signs from
150:
and nearby islands of
Micronesia and used to write the
428:
330:. Working Group Document, ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 and UTC
111:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
146:, was a partially Latin-based script indigenous to
34:Woleaian syllabary as written by Egilimar in 1913
4336:
125:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters
354:was a sketch of a fish, from the Woleaian word
347:According to an unreferenced site on the web (
3094:
487:
501:
3101:
3087:
494:
480:
468:(discussion of Riesenberg & Kaneshiro)
28:
16:Historical script of the Woleaian language
276:
404:, whereas no CCV or CVC syllables like
322:
318:
316:
4337:
4238:American Printing House for the Blind
4014:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
3666:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)
3082:
2872:
2827:
2720:
2399:
2284:
1626:
840:
602:
585:
475:
426:Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin
2721:
313:
115:. For the distinction between ,
3108:
193:, and the like, or by creating new
13:
2828:
419:
14:
4371:
453:
222:bag, warr, tüt, moi, shrö, chroa
2873:
323:Everson, Michael (2011-10-21).
269:, CVV, CCV, and CVC syllables.
107:International Phonetic Alphabet
567:Languages by writing system /
341:
300:
212:( and ), and another for both
1:
4006:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
3962:Gardner–Salinas braille codes
2400:
2285:
1627:
4217:National Braille Association
4196:Braille Institute of America
3914:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)
841:
281:The characters proposed for
100: This article contains
7:
4097:Refreshable braille display
4076:Optical braille recognition
3673:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)
3205:Chinese (mainland Mandarin)
2348:New Epoch Notation Painting
431:
10:
4376:
4164:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh
603:
272:
258:When the next missionary,
231:
175:consonant and vowel length
4345:Syllabary writing systems
4296:
4247:
4187:
4120:
4030:
3976:
3939:
3900:Mainland Chinese Mandarin
3879:
3860:
3841:
3746:
3652:
3613:
3540:
3467:
3166:
3159:
3120:
3078:
2881:
2868:
2836:
2823:
2774:
2733:
2729:
2716:
2692:
2656:
2630:
2579:
2536:
2501:
2421:
2414:Chinese family of scripts
2412:
2408:
2395:
2293:
2280:
2231:
1639:
1635:
1622:
1484:Boyd's syllabic shorthand
1471:
1119:
862:
853:
849:
836:
611:
598:
594:
586:
581:
569:by first written accounts
538:
517:
513:
165:The script has 99 known (
142:, thought to have been a
98:
82:
77:
67:
59:
49:
39:
27:
21:
4355:Obsolete writing systems
3887:Chinese semi-syllabaries
3150:Unicode braille patterns
3136:International uniformity
1591:Thomas Natural Shorthand
293:
183:trans-cultural diffusion
4224:Blindness organizations
4203:Braille Without Borders
3992:Canadian currency marks
3614:Egyptian lineage family
2797:Southwest Paleohispanic
378:seems to correspond to
103:phonetic transcriptions
3541:Russian lineage family
2941:Great Lakes Algonquian
1850:Greco-Iberian alphabet
1783:Gabelsberger shorthand
726:Inscriptional Parthian
286:
160:Caroline Island script
140:Caroline Island script
4305:Accessible publishing
4231:Schools for the blind
4210:Japan Braille Library
3999:Computer Braille Code
3653:Indian lineage family
3033:Old Persian cuneiform
1900:Carolingian minuscule
706:Ancient North Arabian
280:
94:, Woleai
4069:Mountbatten Brailler
3424:(largely reassigned)
3207:(largely reassigned)
2756:Southeastern Iberian
2751:Northeastern Iberian
649:Egyptian hieroglyphs
260:John Macmillan Brown
44:Syllabary
4360:Constructed scripts
4021:Nemeth braille code
3807:(reassigned vowels)
3332:(extended to 8-dot)
2906:Canadian Aboriginal
2792:Khitan small script
2514:Khitan large script
1704:Coorgi–Cox alphabet
374:"canoe". Of these,
4055:Braille translator
4032:Braille technology
4008:(science; GS8/GS6)
3977:Symbols in braille
3907:Taiwanese Mandarin
3422:Taiwanese Mandarin
3028:Nwagu Aneke script
2580:Other logosyllabic
2502:Chinese-influenced
2441:Oracle bone script
2423:Chinese characters
2358:Ojibwe Hieroglyphs
1748:Eclectic shorthand
1736:Duployan shorthand
1689:Caucasian Albanian
1489:Canadian syllabics
525:History of writing
287:
55:c. 1910 to c. 1950
4332:
4331:
4328:
4327:
4250:tactile alphabets
4178:William Bell Wait
4171:Sabriye Tenberken
3972:
3971:
3837:
3836:
3822:(Japanese vowels)
3620:-mediated scripts
3547:-mediated scripts
3074:
3073:
3070:
3069:
3066:
3065:
2926:Ditema tsa Dinoko
2864:
2863:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2532:
2531:
2391:
2390:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2271:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1467:
1466:
832:
831:
819:Teeline Shorthand
577:
576:
358:"fish"; likewise
158:, hence the name
152:Woleaian language
132:
131:
4367:
4321:
4314:
4312:Braille literacy
4307:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4261:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4113:
4106:
4104:Slate and stylus
4099:
4092:
4090:Perkins Brailler
4085:
4078:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4050:
4048:Braille embosser
4043:
4023:
4016:
4009:
4001:
3994:
3987:
3965:
3957:
3950:
3932:
3925:
3916:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3872:
3869:American Braille
3853:
3850:Algerian Braille
3830:
3823:
3815:
3808:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3771:
3764:
3757:
3739:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3645:
3637:
3630:
3606:
3599:
3592:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3492:
3485:
3478:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3453:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3425:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3375:
3368:
3361:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3325:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3297:
3290:
3283:
3276:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3179:
3164:
3163:
3152:
3145:
3138:
3131:
3114:
3103:
3096:
3089:
3080:
3079:
2870:
2869:
2825:
2824:
2731:
2730:
2723:Semi-syllabaries
2718:
2717:
2419:
2418:
2410:
2409:
2397:
2396:
2282:
2281:
1637:
1636:
1624:
1623:
1526:Japanese Braille
1111:Zanabazar square
980:Nepalese scripts
870:Bengali–Assamese
860:
859:
851:
850:
838:
837:
755:Pitman shorthand
600:
599:
596:
595:
583:
582:
515:
514:
496:
489:
482:
473:
472:
448:Caroline Islands
413:
403:
392:
345:
339:
338:
336:
335:
329:
320:
311:
304:
156:Caroline Islands
128:
122:
118:
93:
90:
32:
19:
18:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4366:
4365:
4364:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4324:
4317:
4310:
4303:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4243:
4236:
4229:
4222:
4215:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4136:Charles Barbier
4134:
4127:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4074:
4067:
4060:
4053:
4046:
4039:
4026:
4019:
4012:
4004:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3968:
3960:
3953:
3946:
3935:
3928:
3921:
3912:
3905:
3898:
3891:
3886:
3875:
3867:
3861:Frequency-based
3856:
3848:
3833:
3826:
3818:
3811:
3803:
3796:
3789:
3782:
3774:
3767:
3760:
3753:
3742:
3734:
3727:
3720:
3713:
3706:
3699:
3692:
3685:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:Bharati Braille
3654:
3648:
3640:
3633:
3626:
3615:
3609:
3602:
3595:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3542:
3536:
3529:
3524:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3474:
3463:
3456:
3449:
3442:
3435:
3428:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3343:
3336:
3328:
3321:
3314:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3231:Unified English
3225:
3218:
3211:
3203:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3175:
3160:Braille scripts
3155:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3127:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3062:
2877:
2860:
2856:Stokoe notation
2832:
2811:
2770:
2725:
2704:
2688:
2652:
2631:Logoconsonantal
2626:
2575:
2528:
2497:
2404:
2387:
2368:Siglas poveiras
2289:
2268:
2227:
2131:Younger Futhark
1835:Gregg shorthand
1631:
1610:
1463:
1115:
845:
828:
607:
590:
573:
546:Writing systems
534:
509:
507:writing systems
500:
456:
434:
422:
420:Further reading
417:
416:
346:
342:
333:
331:
327:
321:
314:
305:
301:
296:
275:
240:crew landed on
234:
99:
91:
88:
52:
45:
35:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4373:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4330:
4329:
4326:
4325:
4323:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4300:
4298:
4297:Related topics
4294:
4293:
4291:
4290:
4283:
4276:
4273:New York Point
4269:
4262:
4254:
4252:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4241:
4234:
4227:
4220:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4157:Harris Mowbray
4153:
4146:
4139:
4132:
4124:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4107:
4100:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4072:
4065:
4058:
4051:
4044:
4041:Braille e-book
4036:
4034:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3967:
3966:
3958:
3951:
3943:
3941:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3933:
3926:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3876:
3874:
3873:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3845:
3843:
3839:
3838:
3835:
3834:
3832:
3831:
3824:
3816:
3809:
3801:
3794:
3787:
3780:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3750:
3748:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3711:
3704:
3697:
3690:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3661:
3659:
3650:
3649:
3647:
3646:
3638:
3631:
3623:
3621:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3600:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3572:
3565:
3558:
3550:
3548:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3534:
3533:
3532:
3527:
3522:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3471:
3469:
3462:
3461:
3454:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3426:
3418:
3411:
3404:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3376:
3369:
3362:
3355:
3348:
3341:
3334:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3172:
3170:
3168:French-ordered
3161:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3106:
3105:
3098:
3091:
3083:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3008:Linear Elamite
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2843:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2830:Sign languages
2821:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2807:Quốc Âm Tân Tự
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2782:Espanca script
2778:
2776:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2741:Linear Elamite
2737:
2735:
2727:
2726:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2709:
2706:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2622:Yi (Classical)
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2583:
2581:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2448:
2446:Bronze scripts
2443:
2438:
2433:
2427:
2425:
2416:
2406:
2405:
2393:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2375:
2370:
2365:
2360:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2278:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2259:Flag semaphore
2256:
2254:New York Point
2251:
2249:Telegraph code
2246:
2244:Maritime flags
2241:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2198:Visible Speech
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2168:Sorang Sompeng
2165:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2052:Galik alphabet
2049:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1950:Tironian notes
1947:
1942:
1937:
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1795:
1793:Garay alphabet
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1745:
1744:
1743:
1733:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1721:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1643:
1641:
1633:
1632:
1620:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1609:
1608:
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1576:Sorang Sompeng
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1499:Déné syllabics
1496:
1486:
1481:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1295:
1290:
1289:
1288:
1283:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1101:
1096:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1055:
1054:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
947:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
872:
866:
864:
857:
847:
846:
834:
833:
830:
829:
827:
826:
821:
816:
815:
814:
809:
804:
794:
789:
788:
787:
782:
772:
767:
762:
760:Proto-Sinaitic
757:
752:
751:
750:
740:
735:
734:
733:
728:
723:
718:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
682:
681:
676:
671:
666:
656:
651:
646:
645:
644:
634:
633:
632:
621:
620:
612:
609:
608:
592:
591:
579:
578:
575:
574:
572:
571:
565:
564:
563:
558:
553:
542:
540:
536:
535:
533:
532:
527:
521:
519:
511:
510:
499:
498:
491:
484:
476:
470:
469:
463:
455:
454:External links
452:
451:
450:
445:
440:
433:
430:
421:
418:
415:
414:
340:
312:
298:
297:
295:
292:
274:
271:
233:
230:
130:
129:
123:⟩, see
96:
95:
86:
80:
79:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
53:
50:
47:
46:
43:
41:
37:
36:
33:
25:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4372:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4320:
4316:
4313:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4301:
4299:
4295:
4288:
4284:
4281:
4280:Night writing
4277:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4263:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4246:
4239:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4214:
4211:
4207:
4204:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4188:Organisations
4186:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4168:
4165:
4161:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4150:Valentin Haüy
4147:
4144:
4140:
4137:
4133:
4130:
4129:Louis Braille
4126:
4125:
4123:
4119:
4112:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4080:
4077:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4062:Braille watch
4059:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4045:
4042:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4022:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3996:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3985:Braille music
3982:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3963:
3959:
3956:
3952:
3949:
3948:Luxembourgish
3945:
3944:
3942:
3938:
3931:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3859:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3814:
3810:
3806:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3788:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3759:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:Other scripts
3745:
3737:
3733:
3730:
3726:
3723:
3719:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3651:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3612:
3605:
3601:
3598:
3594:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3563:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3539:
3528:
3523:
3520:
3519:Northern Sámi
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:Nordic family
3466:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3448:
3445:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3427:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3409:
3408:South African
3405:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3381:
3377:
3374:
3370:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3356:
3353:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3330:Luxembourgish
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3296:
3292:
3289:
3285:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3271:
3268:
3264:
3261:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3217:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3195:
3192:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3165:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3143:ASCII braille
3140:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3111:
3104:
3099:
3097:
3092:
3090:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2715:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2674:Attic (Greek)
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2612:Proto-Elamite
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2535:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:Elder Futhark
2124:
2122:
2119:
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2112:
2109:
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2099:
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2089:
2087:
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2068:
2065:
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2043:
2040:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2017:Old Hungarian
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
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1998:
1995:
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1607:
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1579:
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1569:
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1564:
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1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1551:Masaram Gondi
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1521:Gunjala Gondi
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1492:
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1490:
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1398:
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1381:
1378:
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1368:
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1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1333:Old Sundanese
1331:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1278:
1277:
1276:Old Maldivian
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1264:
1260:
1259:Bilang-bilang
1257:
1256:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
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1190:
1188:
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1165:
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1160:
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1155:
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1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
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1118:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1079:Sylheti Nagri
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
982:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
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951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
931:
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923:
921:
918:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
880:Brahmi script
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
867:
865:
861:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
839:
835:
825:
822:
820:
817:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
799:
798:
795:
793:
790:
786:
783:
781:
778:
777:
776:
775:South Arabian
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
749:
746:
745:
744:
741:
739:
736:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
721:Inscriptional
719:
717:
714:
713:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
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670:
667:
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662:
661:
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631:
628:
627:
626:
623:
622:
619:
618:
614:
613:
610:
606:
601:
597:
593:
589:
584:
580:
570:
566:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
548:
547:
544:
543:
541:
537:
531:
528:
526:
523:
522:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
497:
492:
490:
485:
483:
478:
477:
474:
467:
464:
461:
458:
457:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
429:
427:
412:are included.
411:
407:
400:
396:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
344:
326:
319:
317:
309:
303:
299:
291:
284:
279:
270:
268:
265:
261:
256:
254:
249:
247:
243:
239:
229:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
179:proto-writing
176:
172:
168:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
126:
114:
110:
108:
104:
97:
87:
85:
81:
76:
73:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
48:
42:
38:
31:
26:
20:
3820:Thai and Lao
3497:Scandinavian
3129:1829 braille
3121:Braille cell
3047:
2921:Cypro-Minoan
2787:Pahawh Hmong
2700:Sitelen Pona
2664:Hindu-Arabic
1997:Mundari Bani
1571:Pahawh Hmong
1380:Tamil-Brahmi
1286:Eveyla Akuru
1281:Dhives Akuru
748:Paleo-Hebrew
615:
551:undeciphered
425:
423:
409:
405:
398:
394:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
343:
332:. Retrieved
302:
288:
257:
250:
235:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
203:
198:
164:
159:
155:
148:Woleai Atoll
139:
135:
133:
119:and ⟨
101:
4319:RoboBraille
4143:Róża Czacka
4083:Perforation
3880:Independent
3778:(Bhutanese)
3513:Greenlandic
3184:Azerbaijani
2986:Jindai moji
2875:Syllabaries
2846:SignWriting
2746:Celtiberian
2648:Hieroglyphs
2451:Seal script
2436:Traditional
2308:Blissymbols
2213:Warang Citi
2188:Tolong Siki
2141:Marcomannic
2121:Dalecarlian
2111:Anglo-Saxon
2091:Pau Cin Hau
1982:Medefaidrin
1935:Merovingian
1895:Blackletter
1803:Asomtavruli
1596:Warang Citi
1405:Ulu scripts
1350:New Tai Lue
1293:Mon–Burmese
1147:Bhattiprolu
975:Nandinagari
802:ʾEsṭrangēlā
561:constructed
285:as of 2008.
187:petroglyphs
51:Time period
40:Script type
4350:Micronesia
4339:Categories
3871:(obsolete)
3852:(obsolete)
3644:(Pakistan)
3555:Belarusian
3437:Vietnamese
3380:Portuguese
3366:Philippine
3323:Lithuanian
2976:Hentaigana
2971:Man'yōgana
2431:Simplified
2318:Ersu Shaba
2232:Non-linear
2037:Old Uyghur
2027:Old Permic
2022:Old Italic
1955:Visigothic
1890:Beneventan
1825:Glagolitic
1788:Gadabuursi
1452:Kolezhuthu
1447:Vatteluttu
1385:Tanchangya
1308:Saurashtra
885:Devanagari
743:Phoenician
696:Manichaean
438:Rongorongo
370:"bamboo",
366:"bottle",
334:2015-08-11
4287:Vibratese
4266:Moon type
4259:Decapoint
3940:Eight-dot
3893:Cantonese
3842:Reordered
3805:Inuktitut
3694:Malayalam
3604:Ukrainian
3583:Mongolian
3562:Bulgarian
3525:Norwegian
3490:Icelandic
3281:Hungarian
3239:Esperanto
3191:Cantonese
2775:Redundant
2587:Anatolian
2538:Cuneiform
2466:bird-worm
2402:Logograms
2373:Testerian
2287:Ideograms
2264:Moon type
2151:Staveless
2042:Mongolian
1987:Molodtsov
1945:Sütterlin
1813:Mkhedruli
1679:Bassa Vah
1629:Alphabets
1601:Mwangwego
1566:Mwangwego
1541:Kharosthi
1494:Blackfoot
1457:Malayanma
1328:Sundanese
1323:Sukhothai
1271:Malayalam
1222:Khom Thai
1182:Goykanadi
1106:Tocharian
1059:ʼPhags-pa
930:Khudabadi
875:Bhaiksuki
770:Samaritan
701:Nabataean
556:inventors
466:Phonoblog
362:"spine",
308:logograms
144:syllabary
84:ISO 15924
78:ISO 15924
68:Languages
60:Direction
3923:Japanese
3784:Georgian
3776:Dzongkha
3762:Armenian
3680:Gujarati
3545:Cyrillic
3476:Estonian
3451:Yugoslav
3387:Romanian
3359:Nigerian
3274:Hawaiian
3260:Ghanaian
3177:Albanian
3038:Sumerian
3003:Linear B
2966:Katakana
2961:Hiragana
2911:Cherokee
2841:ASLwrite
2802:Bopomofo
2657:Numerals
2643:Hieratic
2602:Isthmian
2571:Sumerian
2551:Assyrian
2546:Akkadian
2203:Vithkuqi
2178:Tifinagh
2146:Medieval
2101:Pisidian
2096:Phrygian
2067:Vagindra
2012:Ol Chiki
1920:Interlac
1875:Kayah Li
1865:Jenticha
1820:Veso Bey
1808:Nuskhuri
1798:Georgian
1768:Formosan
1763:Etruscan
1758:Enochian
1714:Cyrillic
1699:Coelbren
1657:Armenian
1556:Meroitic
1546:Mandombe
1536:Jenticha
1400:Tigalari
1365:Tai Viet
1360:Tai Tham
1340:Tagbanwa
1192:Javanese
1142:Baybayin
1132:Balinese
1120:Southern
1015:Pracalit
1010:Pachumol
985:Bhujimol
945:Mahajani
905:Gurmukhi
895:Gujarati
863:Northern
843:Abugidas
824:Ugaritic
812:Maḏnḥāyā
686:Tifinagh
679:Solitreo
617:Numerals
530:Grapheme
518:Overview
460:Omniglot
432:See also
253:Faraulep
246:Chuukese
242:Eauripik
238:Chuukese
117:/ /
113:Help:IPA
72:Woleaian
3828:Tibetan
3769:Burmese
3755:Amharic
3738:(India)
3715:Sinhala
3708:Punjabi
3687:Kannada
3635:Persian
3590:Russian
3530:Swedish
3508:Finnish
3483:Faroese
3458:Zambian
3430:Turkish
3415:Spanish
3338:Maltese
3316:Latvian
3309:Italian
3288:Iñupiaq
3267:Guarani
3227:English
3198:Catalan
3115:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑
3110:Braille
2993:Kikakui
2931:Eskayan
2916:Cypriot
2766:Dunging
2638:Demotic
2617:Tenevil
2561:Hittite
2556:Elamite
2509:Jurchen
2488:Sawndip
2483:Chữ Nôm
2383:Zapotec
2378:Yerkish
2353:Nsibidi
2338:Miꞌkmaw
2328:Isotype
2298:Adinkra
2239:Braille
2223:Zaghawa
2193:Vellara
2173:Sunuwar
2163:Sidetic
2158:Shavian
2086:Osmanya
2076:Ol Onal
1930:Kurrent
1915:Insular
1905:Fraktur
1880:Klingon
1870:Kaddare
1844:Archaic
1753:Elbasan
1741:Chinook
1731:Deseret
1719:Bosnian
1674:Avoiuli
1662:Avestan
1652:Ariyaka
1581:Tengwar
1479:Bharati
1440:Serawai
1430:Pasemah
1415:Lampung
1370:Lai Tay
1355:Tai Noi
1318:Sinhala
1298:Pallava
1266:Makasar
1254:Lontara
1229:Kulitan
1202:Kannada
1197:Kadamba
1187:Hanunoo
1177:Grantha
1172:Fakkham
1089:Tibetan
1074:Soyombo
1069:Siddhaṃ
1064:Sharada
1040:Litumol
1030:Tirhuta
1020:Ranjana
1005:Kvemmol
965:Multani
950:Marchen
915:Kalinga
855:Brahmic
792:Sogdian
731:Psalter
711:Pahlavi
691:Mandaic
669:Cursive
654:Elymaic
625:Aramaic
443:Avoiuli
283:Unicode
273:Unicode
232:History
191:tattoos
105:in the
4248:Other
4121:People
4111:Braigo
3930:Korean
3798:Hebrew
3729:Telugu
3628:Arabic
3618:Arabic
3576:Kyrgyz
3569:Kazakh
3503:Danish
3401:Slovak
3394:Samoan
3373:Polish
3352:Navajo
3253:German
3246:French
3113:
3058:Yugtun
3048:Woleai
2998:Kpelle
2981:Sōgana
2901:Byblos
2679:Muisca
2597:Cretan
2566:Luwian
2524:Tangut
2343:Mixtec
2313:Dongba
2218:Yezidi
2208:Wancho
2183:Todhri
2136:Gothic
2116:Cipher
2057:Manchu
2047:Evenki
2032:Orkhon
1977:Manchu
1972:Lydian
1967:Lycian
1910:Gaelic
1860:Hanifi
1855:Hangul
1830:Gothic
1778:Fraser
1773:Fox II
1709:Coptic
1684:Carian
1667:Pazend
1640:Linear
1586:Thaana
1531:Sarati
1472:Others
1435:Rejang
1420:Lembak
1410:Incung
1390:Telugu
1345:Tai Le
1239:Langdi
1162:Chakma
1052:Karani
1025:Tamyig
1000:Kummol
995:Himmol
990:Golmol
970:Nagari
955:Meitei
940:Lepcha
925:Khojki
910:Kaithi
797:Syriac
785:Musnad
664:Ashuri
659:Hebrew
642:Elifba
637:Arabic
630:Hatran
605:Abjads
393:, and
224:, and
199:ad hoc
136:Woleai
121:
22:Woleai
3964:(GS8)
3955:Kanji
3813:Khmer
3791:Greek
3722:Tamil
3655:i.e.
3616:i.e.
3597:Tatar
3543:i.e.
3444:Welsh
3345:Māori
3302:Irish
3220:Dutch
3213:Czech
3023:Nüshu
2891:Bamum
2886:Afaka
2693:Other
2684:Roman
2669:Abjad
2592:Bagam
2493:Bowen
2478:Kanji
2473:Hanja
2461:small
2456:large
2363:Olmec
2333:Kaidā
2323:Emoji
2303:Aztec
2106:Runic
2081:Osage
2062:Oirat
2007:Ogham
1940:Sigla
1885:Latin
1840:Greek
1724:Early
1694:Cirth
1647:Adlam
1516:Geʽez
1511:Fox I
1375:Tamil
1234:Lanna
1217:Khmer
1207:Karen
1157:Buhid
1137:Batak
1094:Uchen
1084:Takri
1035:Limbu
935:Laṇḍā
920:Khema
900:Gupta
890:Dogri
807:Serṭā
780:Zabur
765:Punic
738:Pegon
674:Rashi
588:Types
539:Lists
503:Types
328:(PDF)
294:Notes
195:rebus
109:(IPA)
92:(480)
63:Mixed
3736:Urdu
3701:Odia
3642:Urdu
3018:Loma
3013:Lisu
2956:Kana
2946:Iban
2936:Geba
2896:Bété
2851:si5s
2761:Khom
2734:Full
2607:Maya
2002:N'Ko
1561:Miao
1506:Dham
1425:Ogan
1395:Thai
1313:Shan
1249:Leke
1212:Kawi
1167:Cham
1152:Buda
1127:Ahom
1047:Odia
960:Modi
716:Book
410:warr
406:shrü
380:ngae
372:warr
360:shrü
226:gkaa
216:and
208:and
134:The
89:Wole
3295:IPA
3043:Vai
2951:Idu
2519:Sui
1992:Mru
1962:Luo
1925:IPA
1606:Rma
1303:Pyu
1244:Lao
1099:Umê
505:of
408:or
399:noe
397:to
386:to
376:ngä
368:ngä
350:),
197:or
138:or
4341::
3053:Yi
395:lö
388:bu
384:pu
382:,
364:lö
356:pu
352:pu
315:^
218:na
214:la
210:ka
206:ga
189:,
162:.
3233:)
3229:(
3102:e
3095:t
3088:v
1846:)
1842:(
495:e
488:t
481:v
402:~
391:~
337:.
310:.
267:V
264:C
171:V
169:)
167:C
127:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
