934:; This article ends with the announcement that in a forthcoming article the principles worked out so far shall be applied to the problems of reflection and refraction. The article contains on p. 235, last paragraph, and on p. 236, 2nd paragraph, a judgment on the Michelson experiment of 1886, which Voigt, after a correspondence with H. A. Lorentz in 1887 and 1888, has partly withdrawn in the article announced, namely in a footnote in Voigt (1888). According to Voigt's first judgment, the Michelson experiment must yield a null result, independently of whether the Earth transports the luminiferous aether with it (Fizeau's 1st aether hypothesis), or whether the Earth moves through an entirely independent, self-consistent universal
257:
40:
1071:
702:(1909) is on record as saying that he could have taken these transformations into his theory of electrodynamics, if only he had known of them, rather than developing his own. It is interesting then to examine the consequences of these transformations from this point of view. Lorentz might then have seen that the transformation introduced
975:
No. 8, p. 235 and p. 236 (1887), and states indirectly that, after a correspondence with H. A. Lorentz, he can no longer maintain that in the case of the validity of Fizeau's 2nd aether hypothesis the
Michelson experiment must yield a null result
890:"Wir wollen uns deshalb nur darauf stĂŒtzen, dass ZustĂ€nde der geschilderten Art bei Spannungen und Dehnungen nicht starrer Körper auftreten, und sie deshalb tensorielle, die fĂŒr sie charakteristischen physikalischen Grössen aber Tensoren nennen."
789:
892:(We therefore want to be based only on conditions of the type described occur during stresses and strains of non-rigid bodies, and therefore call them "tensorial" but call the characteristic physical quantities for them "tensors".)
258:
668:
710:. However, the magnitude of the dilation was greater than the now accepted value in the Lorentz transformations. Moving clocks, obeying Voigt's time transformation, indicate an elapsed time
599:
540:
497:
454:
713:
812:
1144:
688:
1149:
386:
366:
337:
are named after him. He was also an amateur musician and became known as a Bach expert (see
External links). He was the first to suggest, in 1886, that Bach's
338:
1129:
388:
direction. However, as Voigt himself said, the transformation was aimed at a specific problem and did not carry with it the idea of a general
1154:
825:
can not distinguish between the two transformations. The crucial question is the issue of time dilation. The experimental measurement of
698:
said in 1908 that the transformations which play the main role in the principle of relativity were first examined by Voigt in 1887. Also
1139:
151:
1159:
1119:
288:
980:
Bucherer, A. H. (1908), "Messungen an
Becquerelstrahlen. Die experimentelle BestÀtigung der Lorentz-Einsteinschen Theorie",
1053:
1134:
607:
405:
1124:
842:
822:
1006:
818:
886:
1084:
830:
179:
108:
1059:
703:
1094:
925:
291:
and eventually went on to head the
Mathematical Physics Department there. He was succeeded in 1914 by
209:
389:
166:
20:
1037:
546:
503:
460:
251:
784:{\displaystyle \Delta t_{\text{Voigt}}=\gamma ^{-2}\Delta t=\gamma ^{-1}\Delta t_{\text{Lorentz}}}
161:
1032:
691:
345:
794:
416:
971:; In a footnote on p. 390 of this article, Voigt corrects his earlier judgment, made in
673:
1114:
1109:
955:
8:
1007:
Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity smaller than that of light
935:
284:
221:
995:
959:
883:
Die fundamentalen physikalischen
Eigenschaften der Krystalle in elementarer Darstellung
371:
351:
695:
393:
156:
67:
1075:
1042:
963:
869:
Physics as a
Calling: Discipline and Practice in the Königsberg Seminar for Physics
216:
136:
121:
902:
Voigt, W. (1887), "Ueber das
Doppler'sche Princip (On the Principle of Doppler)",
699:
126:
1020:
334:
310:
306:
141:
89:
1103:
1089:
967:
826:
817:
Since Voigt's transformation preserves the speed of light in all frames, the
707:
330:
146:
1080:
1046:
833:(1938) and others settled the issue in favor of the Lorentz transformation.
322:
295:, who took charge of the theoretical department of the Physical Institute.
131:
280:
85:
39:
292:
231:
264:
199:
943:
321:), first published in 1910. He discovered what is now called the
302:
299:
276:
63:
348:
between a rest frame of reference and a frame moving with speed
1055:
First
Proposal of the Universal Speed of Light by Voigt in 1887
326:
670:. If the right-hand sides of his equations are multiplied by
329:
in its current meaning was introduced by him in 1898.
797:
716:
676:
610:
549:
506:
463:
419:
374:
354:
263:; 2 September 1850 â 13 December 1919) was a German
791:, while stationary clocks indicate an elapsed time
806:
783:
682:
662:
593:
534:
491:
448:
380:
360:
339:Concerto for two harpsichords in C minor, BWV 1060
908:; Reprinted with additional comments by Voigt in
885:(Leipzig, Germany: Veit & Co., 1898), p. 20.
866:
663:{\displaystyle \gamma =1/{\sqrt {1-v^{2}/c^{2}}}}
1101:
1052:Ernst, Andreas & Hsu Jong-Ping (June 2001);
1018:
979:
1145:Academic staff of the University of Königsberg
410:In modern notation Voigt's transformation was
1150:Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
993:
990:; For Minkowski's statement see p. 762.
341:was originally scored for violin and oboe.
38:
1036:
941:
923:
901:
944:"Theorie des Lichts fĂŒr bewegte Medien"
926:"Theorie des Lichts fĂŒr bewegte Medien"
875:
399:
344:In 1887 Voigt formulated a form of the
19:For the German aerospace engineer, see
1102:
1021:"A Note on Relativity Before Einstein"
895:
1130:Scientists from the Kingdom of Saxony
860:
250:
1155:Foreign members of the Royal Society
1000:, Leipzig & Berlin: B.G. Teubner
289:Georg August University of Göttingen
1090:The relativity of light (MathPages)
13:
798:
768:
746:
717:
406:History of Lorentz transformations
14:
1171:
1065:
938:(Fizeau's 2nd aether hypothesis).
1072:Works by or about Woldemar Voigt
843:German inventors and discoverers
1140:University of Königsberg alumni
1160:20th-century German physicists
1120:19th-century German physicists
594:{\displaystyle t'=t-vx/c^{2},}
1:
1085:Mathematics Genealogy Project
848:
535:{\displaystyle z'=z/\gamma ,}
492:{\displaystyle y'=y/\gamma ,}
823:KennedyâThorndike experiment
270:
16:German physicist (1850â1919)
7:
836:
819:MichelsonâMorley experiment
319:Textbook on crystal physics
315:Lehrbuch der Kristallphysik
10:
1176:
1095:Bach expert Woldemar Voigt
1060:Chinese Journal of Physics
871:, Cornell University Press
867:Olesko, Kahryn M. (1991),
704:relativity of simultaneity
403:
18:
1135:Leipzig University alumni
1019:Macrossan, M. N. (1986),
982:Physikalische Zeitschrift
910:Physikalische Zeitschrift
690:, they become the modern
390:coordinate transformation
237:
227:
215:
205:
195:
188:
175:
114:
104:
96:
74:
49:
37:
30:
21:Woldemar Voigt (engineer)
968:10.1002/andp.18882711011
954:(10): 370â396, 524â551,
807:{\displaystyle \Delta t}
449:{\displaystyle x'=x-vt,}
313:. His main work was the
109:University of Königsberg
1125:Scientists from Leipzig
997:The theory of electrons
683:{\displaystyle \gamma }
210:University of Göttingen
44:Woldemar Voigt, c. 1908
808:
785:
692:Lorentz transformation
684:
664:
595:
536:
493:
450:
382:
362:
346:Lorentz transformation
287:. Voigt taught at the
283:. He was a student of
1047:10.1093/bjps/37.2.232
994:Lorentz, H.A (1916),
973:Göttinger Nachrichten
930:Göttinger Nachrichten
904:Göttinger Nachrichten
809:
786:
685:
665:
596:
537:
494:
451:
404:Further information:
383:
363:
167:KelvinâVoigt material
795:
714:
674:
608:
547:
504:
461:
417:
400:Voigt transformation
392:, as is the case in
372:
352:
152:Voigt transformation
1025:Br. J. Philos. Sci.
960:1888AnP...271..370V
936:luminiferous aether
285:Franz Ernst Neumann
222:Franz Ernst Neumann
162:DyakonovâVoigt wave
1002:; See p. 198.
948:Annalen der Physik
942:Voigt, W. (1888),
924:Voigt, W. (1887),
831:Ives and Stillwell
804:
781:
680:
660:
591:
532:
489:
446:
378:
358:
325:in 1898. The word
275:Voigt was born in
1013:Secondary sources
915:, 381â386 (1915).
778:
727:
696:Hermann Minkowski
658:
394:relativity theory
381:{\displaystyle x}
361:{\displaystyle v}
241:
240:
228:Doctoral students
190:Scientific career
157:VoigtâThomson law
68:Kingdom of Saxony
1167:
1076:Internet Archive
1049:
1040:
1001:
989:
970:
933:
916:
907:
899:
893:
881:Woldemar Voigt,
879:
873:
872:
864:
813:
811:
810:
805:
790:
788:
787:
782:
780:
779:
776:
767:
766:
745:
744:
729:
728:
725:
689:
687:
686:
681:
669:
667:
666:
661:
659:
657:
656:
647:
642:
641:
626:
624:
600:
598:
597:
592:
587:
586:
577:
557:
541:
539:
538:
533:
525:
514:
498:
496:
495:
490:
482:
471:
455:
453:
452:
447:
427:
387:
385:
384:
379:
367:
365:
364:
359:
298:Voigt worked on
262:
261:
260:
254:
249:
217:Doctoral advisor
184:
122:Piezoelectricity
81:
78:13 December 1919
60:2 September 1850
59:
57:
42:
28:
27:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1100:
1099:
1068:
1038:10.1.1.679.5898
920:
919:
900:
896:
880:
876:
865:
861:
854:Primary Sources
851:
839:
796:
793:
792:
775:
771:
759:
755:
737:
733:
724:
720:
715:
712:
711:
700:Hendrik Lorentz
675:
672:
671:
652:
648:
643:
637:
633:
625:
620:
609:
606:
605:
582:
578:
573:
550:
548:
545:
544:
521:
507:
505:
502:
501:
478:
464:
462:
459:
458:
420:
418:
415:
414:
408:
402:
373:
370:
369:
353:
350:
349:
273:
256:
255:
252:[foËkt]
247:
182:
171:
127:Pyroelectricity
105:Alma mater
92:
83:
79:
70:
61:
55:
53:
45:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1173:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1081:Woldemar Voigt
1078:
1067:
1066:External links
1064:
1063:
1062:
1050:
1031:(2): 232â234,
1015:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1005:Lorentz 1904,
1003:
991:
977:
939:
918:
917:
894:
874:
858:
857:
856:
855:
850:
847:
846:
845:
838:
835:
803:
800:
774:
770:
765:
762:
758:
754:
751:
748:
743:
740:
736:
732:
723:
719:
679:
655:
651:
646:
640:
636:
632:
629:
623:
619:
616:
613:
602:
601:
590:
585:
581:
576:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
556:
553:
542:
531:
528:
524:
520:
517:
513:
510:
499:
488:
485:
481:
477:
474:
470:
467:
456:
445:
442:
439:
436:
433:
430:
426:
423:
401:
398:
377:
357:
335:Voigt notation
311:electro-optics
307:thermodynamics
279:, and died in
272:
269:
244:Woldemar Voigt
239:
238:
235:
234:
229:
225:
224:
219:
213:
212:
207:
203:
202:
197:
193:
192:
186:
185:
177:
173:
172:
170:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
142:Voigt notation
139:
134:
129:
124:
118:
116:
115:Known for
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
84:
82:(aged 69)
76:
72:
71:
62:
51:
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
32:Woldemar Voigt
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1172:
1161:
1158:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1011:
1008:
1004:
999:
998:
992:
988:(22): 755â762
987:
983:
978:
974:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
940:
937:
931:
927:
922:
921:
914:
911:
905:
898:
891:
888:
887:From page 20:
884:
878:
870:
863:
859:
853:
852:
844:
841:
840:
834:
832:
828:
827:time dilation
824:
820:
815:
801:
772:
763:
760:
756:
752:
749:
741:
738:
734:
730:
721:
709:
708:time dilation
705:
701:
697:
693:
677:
653:
649:
644:
638:
634:
630:
627:
621:
617:
614:
611:
588:
583:
579:
574:
570:
567:
564:
561:
558:
554:
551:
543:
529:
526:
522:
518:
515:
511:
508:
500:
486:
483:
479:
475:
472:
468:
465:
457:
443:
440:
437:
434:
431:
428:
424:
421:
413:
412:
411:
407:
397:
395:
391:
375:
355:
347:
342:
340:
336:
332:
331:Voigt profile
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
301:
296:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
268:
266:
259:
253:
245:
236:
233:
230:
226:
223:
220:
218:
214:
211:
208:
204:
201:
198:
194:
191:
187:
181:
178:
174:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
147:Voigt profile
145:
143:
140:
138:
135:
133:
130:
128:
125:
123:
120:
119:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
77:
73:
69:
65:
52:
48:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
1054:
1028:
1024:
996:
985:
981:
972:
951:
947:
932:(8): 177â238
929:
912:
909:
903:
897:
889:
882:
877:
868:
862:
816:
603:
409:
343:
323:Voigt effect
318:
314:
297:
274:
243:
242:
206:Institutions
189:
132:Voigt effect
80:(1919-12-13)
25:
1115:1919 deaths
1110:1850 births
706:, and also
293:Peter Debye
137:Voigt model
97:Nationality
1104:Categories
906:(7): 41â51
849:References
232:Paul Drude
56:1850-09-02
1033:CiteSeerX
799:Δ
769:Δ
761:−
757:γ
747:Δ
739:−
735:γ
718:Δ
678:γ
631:−
612:γ
565:−
527:γ
484:γ
435:−
281:Göttingen
271:Biography
265:physicist
200:Physicist
86:Göttingen
837:See also
821:and the
555:′
512:′
469:′
425:′
180:ForMemRS
1083:at the
1074:at the
956:Bibcode
777:Lorentz
368:in the
303:physics
300:crystal
277:Leipzig
248:German:
90:Germany
64:Leipzig
1058:, pdf
1035:
604:where
327:tensor
196:Fields
183:(1913)
176:Awards
100:German
726:Voigt
976:too.
333:and
309:and
75:Died
50:Born
1043:doi
964:doi
913:XVI
829:by
1106::
1041:,
1029:37
1027:,
1023:,
984:,
962:,
952:35
950:,
946:,
928:,
814:.
694:.
396:.
305:,
267:.
88:,
66:,
1045::
986:9
966::
958::
802:t
773:t
764:1
753:=
750:t
742:2
731:=
722:t
654:2
650:c
645:/
639:2
635:v
628:1
622:/
618:1
615:=
589:,
584:2
580:c
575:/
571:x
568:v
562:t
559:=
552:t
530:,
523:/
519:z
516:=
509:z
487:,
480:/
476:y
473:=
466:y
444:,
441:t
438:v
432:x
429:=
422:x
376:x
356:v
317:(
246:(
58:)
54:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
