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considerable interdependence between nations, competition between nations would inhibit business competitiveness. International Law must be allowed to flourish in an environment of co-operation. Furthermore, the League of
Nations should be supported by permanent international institutions that could enforce a supra-national legal system to promote both peace and trade. Only such a system could prevent a repeat of the cataclysm of 1914–18 he told a school of economists at the University of Chicago in 1936. His ideas were directly inherited by Hayek and Friedman the leading political economists of the post-war era to influence American capitalism.
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classical liberals seeking intellectual freedom. To F.A. Hayek and others in
Helvetic economic colony the issue seemed clearly a straight fight between the forces of totalitarianism and those of freedom and social liberalism. Around Europe the march of state interventionism presented a problem for the administration of limited government. The intellectual
131:, criticised by Von Mises, which must be based, he said on the principles of free entreprise; but instead governments used Police power to solve problems such as unemployment, and the absence of social insurance. Thanks to the generosity of the Rockefeller Foundation the Graduate Institute managed to survive the harsh economic climate of the 1930s.
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unhampered free trade. The old ideas of dogmatism and intolerance must be abandoned, so that markets can be open and free, he opined, able to function normally. There was a cluster of exiles from
Fascism and Nazism who congregated on the free city of Geneva. Rappard brought visiting scholars, and
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From 1920–25, director of the
Mandates Division of the League at Geneva. And then he was a member of the Permanent Mandates Commission, 1925–29. He was also a member of the Swiss delegation to the League’s Assembly, 1928–39. From 1927–39, Rappard published a number of intellectual analyses on the
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Rappard was an assistant professor of economics at
Harvard University from 1911 to 1913. In 1913, he became a professor at the University of Geneva. He worked for the League of Nations Secretariat. He resigned at the secretariat in 1924, becoming vice-rector at the University of Geneva. He was made
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Rappard was an internationalist, believing that international cooperation could overcome inter-state disputes, and that "native peoples" could be governed in their own interest and not in the interest of colonial powers. Rappard was not an anti-imperialist. He did not think that the territories in
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William
Emmanuel Rappard was born in New York to Swiss parents. His father worked as a representative of various Swiss industries in the United States. Rappard moved to Switzerland at the age of 17. William Rappard graduated from Harvard University in 1908. Between 1908 and 1909 he did additional
122:. Rappard, himself delivered the opening address on April 1, 1947 to the Mount Pelerin conference. Present were some of the world's greatest economic thinkers. He made no apology for promoting the ideas of Von Mises, and the Austrian school, which held as its cardinal principle a return to
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The main principles of the classic economic liberalism that he promoted were ones that were dormant during a turbulent period of international relations. Rappard argued that free trade and immigration were essential to bring economic stability and prosperity to Europe and
America. Without
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the League's mandates system were ready for self-government, alluding to "backward" people. During his time as
Director of the Mandates Section of the League Secretariat, Rappard frequently clashed with General Secretary
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Rappard was a member of various Swiss diplomatic missions including service with the Swiss delegation to the peace conference in France that ended the First World War. He made a strong impression on
President
179:, Rappard was "large, ruddy, curly-haired, and inveterately cheerful... he was efficient, capable, and effortlessly trilingual... and had an expansive network of liberal internationalist friends."
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and was highly influential in persuading him to choose Geneva as headquarters of the League of
Nations beginning in 1920. The headquarters of the World Trade Organization in Geneva, Switzerland (
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Rappard was an internationalist who believed in human rights utterly rejecting the former Nazi and current communist regimes, which he had at once elucidated in a profound study,
99:. According to historian Susan Pedersen, "Rappard managed to imbue the Mandates Section and the Mandates Commission with a measure of his own independence and idealism."
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attempted to rationalise reparations and international conference system of diplomacy and the balance of power. And he was editor of a number of essays on
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Rappard predicted the Soviet Union's redundant for Collectivism would cause the economy to implode under its own weight. In
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The Individual and the State in the Evolution of the Swiss Constitution (1936)
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Pennsylvania and Switzerland: The Origins of the Swiss Constitution (1941)
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for all 18 years of its active life), and Swiss Representative at the
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To what do we owe the Economic superiority of the United States?
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The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire
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The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire
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The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire
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The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire
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The Common Menace of Economic and Military Armaments (1936)
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Swiss (American-born) academic and diplomat (1883–1958)
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study at the University of Vienna in Austria-Hungary.
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The Future of Peace according to Cordell Hull (1944)
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International Relations as Viewed from Geneva (1925)
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