266:, on September 19, 1858, he was licensed to exhort, and on February 16, 1862, he was licensed to preach. He organized a Sabbath School on January 8, 1859, and he would serve as superintendent of the school for nine years. On April 1, 1866, he was ordained, and he began holding meetings on June 16, 1867, in what was known as McKinley's grove on a farm owned by Mary Bouyer McKinley and presided by Rev. George Barnes. On May 10, 1868, White and six others organized the Harmony Baptist Church on a lot next to McKinley's grove which they had bought from Mary McKinley. On the first Sunday of July, 1869, he officially became pastor of Harmony Baptist Church, a church whose congregation had grown in part out of the Sabbath schools he led. White also organized Watery Branch Baptist Church and Simonia Baptist Church elsewhere in
198:, Georgia, on December 25, 1831, to Chaney and William White. His father was white and his mother had African-American and Native American ancestors. He could pass for white and called himself black. His mother was a slave, but he never was. He was taught to read by his mother. At the age of seven he started working in a cotton factory, where he worked for three years. He also spent a short time working on a wagon travelling in rural parts of the state selling the factory's goods. In June, 1842, he went to
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206:(1861–1865), the blockade denied printing supplies to Southern printers, and White learned to make printers' wooden furniture, which helped him in his later journalism career. He never formally attended college, but did take part in the courses at the Augusta Institute, which he helped found, and in 1889 was given an honorary degree of Doctor of Divinity by the
311:, which he held for one year. Starting in May 1880 he was a part of a movement by the Missionary Baptist Convention of Georgia to create a newspaper. White was selected to edit and manage the paper, and put up $ 1000 of his own money as a part of the investment of $ 15,000 for a printing office, and on October 28, 1880, the first edition of the
241:, and organized schools for black children in Georgia. He fought against illegal curfews for blacks and helped register blacks to vote. He organized educational societies and worked to get land and build schools. White left the Bureau on January 1, 1869, and on May 1 of that year was appointed assistant assessor of revenue by
202:, where he lived with the family of Captain W. G. Nimms and learned to write. He then took an apprenticeship as a carpenter for W. H. Goodrich, where he stayed for five years before moving on to cabinet making under C. A. Platt & Co., where he spent two years. He continued this work until 1867. During the
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in
Springfield Baptist Church in 1867 and served as one of the trustees there. White was among those involved in the moving of the Augusta Institute to Atlanta and the change of name to the Atlanta Baptist Seminary, and continued to serve on the board of trustees. He was a longtime supporter of Ware
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cars on railroads, allowing
African Americans to join the Georgia militia and serve on juries, better educational facilities for blacks, a more just judicial system, opposition to disfranchisement attempts, and many others. White, who was a conservative, delivered the presidential address, but
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White was involved in a number of other
Baptist organizations. He served as treasurer of the Shiloh Association from its founding in 1870 until after 1892, and was co-founder and then president of the Colored Georgia Baptist Sunday School Convention for many years starting in 1872. He was a
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High School, for blacks in
Augusta, and was deeply hurt when the Richmond County Board of Education closed the school in 1897 to reapportion money for white elementary education. He was also a co-founder and trustee at the Spelman Seminary, which was formed in 1882.
245:. He continued to work for the Internal Revenue Service in different roles until January 1, 1880, when he resigned to give his full attention to his religious callings. Also in 1869, he was also made a trustee of the newly established
417:, went to the mayor of Augusta to ask for protection. The mayor promised to try, but recommended White to leave the city, and White fled. White had nearly been lynched in 1900 and 1901, and fled to
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When the
Missionary Baptist Convention of Georgia was formed in August 1870, he was elected treasurer, a position he held for fourteen years. He also served as missionary agent for the body.
667:
Davis, Leroy. A clashing of the soul: John Hope and the dilemma of
African American leadership and Black higher education in the early twentieth century. University of Georgia Press, 1998.
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was produced. The paper was very successful and became the largest printing office exclusively owned by blacks in the country, producing both the newspaper and pamphlets.
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corresponding secretary of the
Missionary baptist Convention and of the Sunday School Convention of Georgia, and chairman of the Baptist Centennial Committee of Georgia.
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Early in his career, White began teaching. In 1853, he opened a secret night school at the home of Samuel Ketch. In 1854, he started another school at the home of Deacon
366:. White's life was threatened by a mob in 1900 for his anti-lynching writings, and he was forced to repudiate and apologize for an anti-lynching article he wrote.
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346:. He became associated with a faction of Baptists which advocated splitting white and black leadership of the church, a group which was led by White protege,
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Godshalk, David Fort. Veiled
Visions: The 1906 Atlanta Race Riot and the Reshaping of American Race Relations. Univ of North Carolina Press, 2006. p174
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Jefferson, Alexander, and Lewis H. Carlson. Red Tail
Captured, Red Tail Free: Memoirs of a Tuskegee Airman and POW. No. 5. Fordham Univ Press, 2005. p5
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413:. As a result, hostile whites threatened to burn down his printing office and home and kill him if he did not leave the city. White and his friend,
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White's secular educational career continued after the end of slavery. On
January 12, 1867, White was appointed an educational agent of the
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Brundage, William Fitzhugh. Lynching in the new South: Georgia and Virginia, 1880-1930. Vol. 82. University of Illinois Press, 1993. p205
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Simmons, William J., and Henry McNeal Turner. Men of Mark: Eminent, Progressive and Rising. GM Rewell & Company, 1887. p1095-1096
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White was involved in printing and journalism as soon as the Civil War ended in 1865. He was an important contributor to the work of
160:(December 25, 1831 – April 17, 1913) was an American civil rights leader, minister, educator, and journalist. He was the founder of
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Grant, Donald Lee. The way it was in the South: The Black experience in Georgia. University of Georgia Press, 1993. p164
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Conservative, in this context, refers to the anti-radical, pro-conciliation position of Washington and many others
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The Georgia Baptist Man, The New York Age (New York, New York) May 1, 1913, page 4, accessed February 6, 2017 at
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230:, without Gould's knowledge. Later in 1854, White opened a school at the home of the Reverend Peter Johnson.
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all of which were based in Augusta. He also worked for several years as the Augusta correspondent of the
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97:
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White's son, Lucian Hayden White, became associate editor and assistant business manager at the paper.
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and many others. The organization was very vocal and wide reaching in its calls, advocating an end to
373:, and in 1906 he organized the Georgia Equal Rights Convention which brought together leaders such as
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and was secretary of the Lohal Georgian Printing Company, which produced the paper and its successor,
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as Wright was concerned the movement put too much attention on race. Later, both became allies with
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until October. When he returned to Augusta, his tone turned against anti-lynching leaders such as
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186:, a leading African American newspaper for many years. He was an outspoken civil-rights leader.
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354:. In 1899, White was especially active in speaking out against the lynching of seven men in
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White's positions put him at odds with many other leading African Americans. In the 1880s,
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and was a trustee of both schools. He was a founder in 1880 and the managing editor of the
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Paternalism in a Southern City: Race, Religion, and Gender in Augusta, Georgia
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https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8794196/the_georgia_baptist_man_the_new_york/
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296:. He contributed to these papers and to a white Republican owned paper, the
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anti-Booker T. Washington leader Du Boise delivered the keynote speech.
350:, in 1887. This put him at odds with other important leaders, including
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White was baptized on October 7, 1855, at Springfield Baptist Church in
168:, Georgia, in 1869, and of other churches. In 1867 he helped found the
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White's support for the convention movement redoubled after the
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He married Josephine in 1856, Josephine died in 1903.
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In 1880, White accepted the "Spurgeon Mission" of the
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539:. University of Georgia Press, 2012: p. 151.
535:Cashin, Edward J., and Glenn T. Eskew, eds.
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731:Activists for African-American civil rights
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405:In September 1906, the White wrote in the
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487:. Willey & Company, 1892: pp. 526–539
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706:Baptist ministers from the United States
425:, calling for inter-racial cooperation.
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711:19th-century African-American educators
439:White died April 17, 1913, in Augusta.
362:(or Holt or Wilkes) lynching in nearby
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342:. He also occasionally disputed with
741:20th-century African-American people
409:against the rioters involved in the
309:American Baptist Publication Society
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194:William Jefferson White was born at
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701:African-American Baptist ministers
696:People from Elbert County, Georgia
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485:Our Baptist Ministers and Schools
736:American anti-lynching activists
334:opposed White's support for the
716:19th-century American educators
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16:American journalist (1831–1913)
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721:African-American journalists
691:People from Augusta, Georgia
483:Pegues, Albert Witherspoon.
336:Colored Conventions Movement
208:State University of Kentucky
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98:Simmons College of Kentucky
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726:American male journalists
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249:. White established the
429:Personal life and death
322:The public lynching of
176:; he also helped found
158:William Jefferson White
23:William Jefferson White
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162:Harmony Baptist Church
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214:Career as an educator
55:Ruckersville, Georgia
340:Booker T. Washington
289:The Colored American
526:Davis 1998, p. 103.
517:Davis 1998, p. 104.
383:Henry McNeil Turner
284:John T. Shuften Sr.
423:William J. Northen
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302:Atlanta Republican
298:Georgia Republican
294:The Loyal Georgian
247:Atlanta University
204:American Civil War
178:Atlanta University
356:Palmetto, Georgia
352:William E. Holmes
344:Charles T. Walker
332:Richard R. Wright
278:Journalism career
251:Augusta Institute
235:Freedmen's Bureau
220:Anderson Hartwell
174:Morehouse College
170:Augusta Institute
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94:Augusta Institute
51:December 25, 1831
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379:W. E. B. Du Bois
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264:Augusta, Georgia
239:Oliver O. Howard
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82:Other names
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364:Newnan, Georgia
348:Emanuel K. Love
313:Georgia Baptist
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183:Georgia Baptist
172:, which became
123:Political party
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196:Ruckersville
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68:(1913-04-17)
686:1913 deaths
681:1831 births
415:George Sale
228:W. T. Gould
675:Categories
443:References
190:Early life
127:Republican
118:, activist
116:journalist
85:W.J. White
47:1831-12-25
381:, Bishop
375:John Hope
399:Jim Crow
360:Sam Hose
326:in 1899.
324:Sam Hose
258:Ministry
142:Religion
137:Personal
112:educator
108:Minister
662:Sources
224:Liberia
166:Augusta
146:Baptist
76:, U.S.
57:, U.S.
237:, by
63:Died
41:Born
164:in
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