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Wildlife of Sri Lanka

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935: 1890: 35: 1159: 2000: 552: 1128: 1086: 1050: 996: 3756: 588:. This report provided an updated list of species as of the end 2018. However, in 2019, 54 new species were described: including 26 spiders, (14 cellar spiders, 7 jumping spiders, 4 crab spiders and 1 tarantula), 1 scorpion species, 5 mites and ticks, 14 reptiles (13 day geckos and 1 snake), 1 shrub frog, 1 orchid and 6 lichens. Later in 2021, Professors Devaka Weerakoon and Amila Sumanapala released an updated list of taxa as of the end of 2020. 3766: 920: 1363:
The exact species for other orders is still not classified and documented. Walker in 1861, listed 2,007 species belongs to 9 orders and Haly on 1890 identified 1,510 beetle species from Sri Lanka. However, after many publications from many foreign entomologists, two Sri Lankan entomologists, Anura
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The mountains and the southwestern part of the country, known as the "wet zone", receive ample rainfall (an annual average of 2500 millimeters). Most of the southeast, east, and northern parts of the country comprise the "dry zone", which receives between 1200 and 1900 mm of rain annually.
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Naggs F., Raheem D. C., Mordan P. B., Grimm B., Ranawana K. B. & Kumburegama N. P. S. (2003). "Ancient relicts and contemporary exotics: faunal change and survivorship in Sri Lanka's snail fauna". Slugs & Snails: Agricultural, Veterinary & Environmental Perspectives, British Crop
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than in the dry zone. Wet zone, which accounts for only a quarter of Sri Lanka's land area, harbours 88 percent of the flowering plants, and 95 percent of country's flowering plant endemics. The natural forests of Sri Lanka are categorized into eight types.
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and butterflies, have the second largest number of species in Sri Lanka. 245 butterflies species are recorded, of which 24 are endemic to the island. 1695 species of moths are also found, but the endemism is unknown.
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in the world, containing 122 species of amphibians up to January 2019 with many recent discoveries, with 112 endemic species. 52 species of amphibians in Sri Lanka are threatened, all but one of which are endemic.
3721: 1902:
The diversity of lesser arachnids within Sri Lanka is not extensive. Some observations on particular species have been undertaken by some local and foreign scientists. According to them, there are 3 species of
1532:, five species were identified, with two new species. Most marine crabs are much larger and are often caught in fishing nets. They are edible with high protein. Some of marine edible crabs from Sri Lanka are: 1973:. In Sri Lanka, there are 39 regular echinoids belonging to 28 genera, 9 families, and 5 orders. Besides, there are 21 irregular echinoid species belonging to 4 orders, 9 families and 15 genera in Sri Lanka. 3731: 3690: 1520:
occur abundantly in the sea, freshwater and land. They typically flattened dorsoventrally and mostly scavengers. Sri Lanka harbors 92 species of isopods of 53 genera in 23 families.
2130: 3849: 63: 2460:
Anura Wijesekara1 et D. P. Wijesinghe, « History of insect collection and a review of insect diversity in Sri Lanka », Cey. J. Sci. (Bio.Sci.), vol. 31, 2003, p. 43-59
3832: 3971: 3951: 3685: 3695: 1528:
The exact number of species around mangroves and estuaries within coastal marine regions is not clear, but during research on diversity of mangrove crabs in Kadolkele,
2112: 2106: 1896:
There are 18 species of scorpions in Sri Lanka. Out of these 18, 7 are endemic. In addition, 4 subspecies of the 9 non-endemic species are also endemic to Sri Lanka.
1279:, of which there are many in Sri Lanka. There are more than 1,341 dipterans found in the island, which makes it the fourth largest insect order. About 131 species of 4096: 1283:, in 16 genera, are described. Though they are primary vectors of many human diseases, the majority of mosquitoes in Sri Lanka are harmless to humans and livestock. 4106: 3540: 3470: 2124: 2499: 3736: 1803:
According to this checklist, Sri Lanka has 501 species of spiders belonging to 45 families and 213 genera. Out of these, 250 are endemic with 22 endemic genera.
3680: 4101: 2739: 1899:
According to 2014 research, 47 species of pseudoscorpions have been identified in Sri Lanka. Out of this 43 species, 20 species are endemic to Sri Lanka.
4126: 4116: 4091: 4086: 3741: 2118: 2100: 2094: 1382:. There are 121 species within 13 families in Sri Lanka. 59 species are endemic. Hubbard and co-workers documented 46 species in 8 families of order 2362: 3802: 1769:, is not well studied in Sri Lanka. The facts and checklists of these creatures date back to Newport in 1845, which is the first known study about 496: 426: 1800:
by Manju Siliwal and Sanjay Molur. This checklist provided all the described spider species of South Asia and part of South-East Asia as well.
419: 2134:. With that , the total number of leafy liverwort species in Sri Lanka increased to 296 in 63 genera. In the meantime, a species of fungus, 4111: 3122: 1982: 314: 1101:
Sri Lanka is home to 227 species of birds (though some past estimates put it as high as 486), 46 of which are threatened (10 critically).
3362: 1122: 140: 3842: 3256: 2036:
belonging to 1,052 genera. 916 species and 18 genera are endemic to the island. Additionally, all but one of the island's more than 55
1812: 4205: 4188: 70: 4173: 3837: 3205: 2928: 1613: 252: 3670: 3357: 1118: 135: 2881:
Bandara, Champika; Priyankara, Theja; Atthanagoda, Anusha G.; Lakkana, Tithira; Ediriweera, Sisira; Kumar, Pankaj (2020-03-16).
34: 1777:
diversity is much better studied. Currently, 104 species of millipedes and 19 species of centipedes are known from Sri Lanka.
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in the world with nearly 450 genera and 7 families. Out of them, Sri Lanka comprises 148 species in 38 genera and 4 families.
4032: 3283: 3223: 2806: 2398: 2339: 2201: 1884: 1494: 297: 247: 953:, 41 of which are threatened (9 critically). 16 of the species are endemic, of which 14 are threatened, including the large 4050: 3795: 3645: 3395: 3352: 3347: 3336: 3268: 3200: 2428: 1878: 1619: 1298: 1114: 1110: 914: 438: 292: 130: 125: 108: 4200: 4121: 3095: 489: 56: 2558:
de Silva D. (2006) "Current Status of Taxonomy and Ecology of Marine Molluscs in Sri Lanka". In: Bambaradeniya C. N. B.
3326: 3182: 2954: 2500:"The status of Diversity and Species Composition of Crabs in Navanthurai Coastal Area in Jaffna Peninsula of Sri Lanka" 1994: 1358: 1206: 1080: 585: 324: 222: 177: 96: 2797:
Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008).
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are endemic to Sri Lanka. 98% of those crabs are IUCN categorized as threatened, endangered or critically endangered.
4151: 3273: 3025: 2776: 2571: 2546: 2438: 2326: 1924: 1346: 1182: 1138:) is a tropical fish which is native to Sri Lanka, but introduced populations are established in Mexico and Colombia. 934: 393: 277: 197: 182: 157: 2092:
was described from Sinharaja. In the same year, several other plants were first described: one species of seagrass:
4065: 3115: 1956: 1316: 1310: 1238:, which is the largest order of insects, is the largest in Sri Lanka with 3,033 documented species. Lepidopterans, 1194: 302: 212: 187: 152: 1150:. There are 8 species of brackish water fish that also come to freshwater, and 24 introduced exotic fish species. 4255: 4163: 3976: 3788: 3317: 3251: 1889: 1840: 1352: 1304: 1230: 1044: 461: 267: 172: 115: 2751: 2049: 4183: 4178: 3961: 3877: 3299: 3263: 2018: 1988: 1872: 1760: 1751:. The number of marine molluscs of Sri Lanka is not known, though there were about 240 species listed in 2006. 1224: 482: 319: 272: 257: 202: 167: 1364:
Wijesekara and D. P. Wijesinghe documented 11,144 insect species belongs to 30 orders from Sri Lanka in 2003.
3819: 3480: 3342: 3167: 1334: 1328: 1292: 990: 383: 232: 207: 192: 120: 2662:"An annotated species list of regular echinoids from Sri Lanka with notes on some rarely seen temnopleurids" 4245: 4195: 3946: 3941: 3726: 3332: 3246: 3228: 2987: 2149: 1831:. Out of more than 100 species described, 12 are found in Sri Lanka. Three species were described in 2015. 1791: 1512: 1340: 910: 688: 388: 345: 287: 262: 217: 103: 49: 2585: 4250: 4073: 3966: 3897: 3590: 3172: 3108: 3090: 3057:
Endemic Flowering Plants, Part I: A Checklist & an Index to A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon
1322: 1032: 237: 3071:
Endemic Flowering Plants of Sri Lanka Part II: B, Index to the Distribution within Agro Ecological Zones
1031:, with crocodiles often becoming trapped as floodwaters recede. Such floods are becoming exacerbated by 4168: 4156: 4078: 3956: 3322: 3278: 3157: 2747: 1930: 1200: 1076: 456: 398: 282: 162: 91: 3177: 3162: 3078:
Index to the Distribution of Ferns & Fern-Allies within the Administrative Districts of Sri Lanka
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Endemic Flowering Plants of Sri Lanka Part II: A, Index to the Distribution of Plants with Localities
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Ranasinghe, Subhani; Milne, Richard; Jayasekara, Rohana; Rubasinghe, Sumudu; Möller, Michael (2016).
2088: 1218: 1212: 242: 227: 2386: 4138: 3640: 3605: 3560: 3412: 3388: 3152: 2882: 2563: 2538: 2474: 1188: 378: 1414:, 56 species are recorded. In 1913, Green compiled a concise catalogue for termites in Sri Lanka. 3887: 3882: 3530: 3525: 3420: 2887:(Gastrodieae, Epidendroideae, Orchidaceae), a new species from a lowland rainforest of Sri Lanka" 2163: 1845:
There are 8 species of tarantula that have been recorded in Sri Lanka. When considering with the
1586: 1000: 4045: 4040: 3811: 3650: 3625: 3520: 3440: 3430: 2196: 2075: 1558: 1254:
contribute to the third largest insect order in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is home to 181 species of
546: 366: 2387:
Kotagama, Sarath W.; Rex I. De Silva; Athula S. Wijayasinha; Vathsala Abeygunawardane (2006).
4146: 3610: 3490: 2844: 2191: 2013: 1544: 569: 2661: 1158: 3859: 3827: 3630: 3585: 3565: 3555: 3455: 1572: 1551: 1090: 468: 1999: 1744:
of India and Sri Lanka. 18 species are recorded as exotic species and agricultural pests.
8: 3710: 3655: 3570: 3550: 3435: 3425: 3381: 2172: 1846: 1565: 1021: 962: 584:
The most recent update on the Sri Lankan biodiversity was the 6th National Report of the
4222: 4217: 3700: 3635: 3600: 3535: 3515: 3505: 3465: 3450: 3445: 2904: 2863: 2686: 2155: 1634: 359: 3872: 3765: 3660: 3620: 3595: 3575: 3510: 3485: 3475: 3460: 3021: 2908: 2802: 2715: 2691: 2657: 2611: 2567: 2542: 2434: 2394: 2335: 2292: 2243: 2178: 1798:
Checklist of Spiders of South Asia Including 2006 Revision of Indian Spider Checklist
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There are over 246 land gastropods of Sri Lanka, of which 83% are endemic. Sub class
1600: 1537: 1430: 958: 2982: 2867: 2772: 551: 3992: 3580: 3545: 3500: 3495: 3404: 2896: 2853: 2681: 2673: 2559: 2534: 1748: 1579: 1017: 4055: 3015: 2388: 2363:"As Sri Lanka floods swell with climate change, so does human-crocodile conflict" 2136: 2033: 1450: 1170: 1143: 974: 882: 1406:
can be found, which was initiated by Burr (1901) and Brindle (1972). Within the
4002: 3920: 3905: 2900: 2828:(Gesneriaceae), a new endemic species from Sri Lanka, and lectotypification of 2461: 1940: 1662:
are endemic to Sri Lanka with 14 species in them. Thirteen more genera such as
1593: 1500: 1127: 1085: 928: 3050:
An Illustrated Guide to the Fern Flora of Knuckles Conservation Area Sri Lanka
2677: 2334:. Colombo, Sri Lanka: The World Conservation Union (IUCN). 2007. p. 166. 1264:
is also included to the list. There are about 70,000 species of bees of order
4239: 3997: 3759: 2533:
Ranawana K. B. (2006) "Land Snails in Sri Lanka". In: Bambaradeniya C. N. B.
2167: 1966: 1962: 1908: 1851: 1741: 1718: 1629: 1383: 1028: 977:), with 30 species. Sri Lanka's surrounding waters are home to 28 species of 966: 803: 4012: 3925: 3867: 2959: 2695: 2070: 2044:
are estimated at 350 species. Diversity, richness, and endemism across all
2025: 1477: 1446: 1434: 1146:, of which 50 are endemic. 28 species are categorized as threatened by the 1054: 1049: 1012:, of which 60 are threatened and 115 are endemic. Most of the reptiles are 860: 722: 352: 1823:
are commonly called ant-mimicking spiders. They are grouped in the family
995: 4022: 3910: 3780: 3769: 3043:
Tentative Keys to the Families & Genera of Pteridophytes of Sri Lanka
2037: 1904: 1819: 1694: 1640: 1473: 1426: 1402:
were studied by Henry in 1931. Clear documentation of the species within
1391: 1265: 1131: 824: 706: 2858: 2823: 1943:. 27 species of ixodid ticks, commonly called hard ticks, of the family 2932: 2612:"Annotated checklist of millipedes (Myriapoda: Diplopoda) of Sri Lanka" 2057: 1824: 1676: 1652: 1472:. 2 endemic aphid species are found on Sri Lanka. Checklists on orders 1438: 1422: 1418: 1403: 1387: 1379: 1235: 1063: 954: 771: 727: 611: 2560:
The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation.
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The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation.
2475:"Diversity of mangrove crabs in Kadolkele, Negombo Estuary, Sri Lanka" 2430:
The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research, and Conservation
2182:. Currently, more than 400 species of lichens are found in Sri Lanka. 3100: 2891: 2221: 2083:, was described and illustrated in 2016 by Subhani Ranasinghe et al. 2066: 2040:
are confined to Sri Lanka. Although not lately assessed, Sri Lanka's
1936: 1912: 1860: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1730: 1724: 1688: 1670: 1664: 1625: 1469: 1457: 1442: 1395: 1375: 1371: 1367: 1280: 1260: 1163: 978: 864: 787: 526: 4017: 3373: 2880: 2821: 2634: 2029: 1970: 1944: 1706: 1682: 1658: 1460:. Detailed work of Sri Lankan hemipterans are recorded in the book 1411: 1399: 1272: 1009: 670: 652: 616: 530: 522: 3020:. Colombo, Sri Lanka: The World Convservation Union. p. 308. 1027:
Flooding has led to increased human-crocodile conflict around the
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Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research and Conservation
2505:. Postgraduate Institute of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya 1828: 1712: 1700: 1529: 1517: 1407: 1398:
are found, but not taxonomic evidences. Few species of the order
1276: 1258:
that included to 61 genera and 10 subfamilies. One endemic genus
946: 755: 741: 1464:. Sri Lanka comprises 74 species in 46 genera and 6 families of 3915: 2159: 1736: 1646: 1013: 950: 919: 2293:"Report on the new species discoveries from Sri Lanka in 2020" 2166:. While Dr. Udeni Jayalal et al. found 2 new lichens from the 4007: 2265: 2080: 1856: 1465: 939: 819: 534: 518: 514: 1449:
is very thin and more studies are required. Only the family
2566:, Colombo, Sri Lanka & Government of Sri Lanka. 84-99. 2541:, Colombo, Sri Lanka & Government of Sri Lanka. 84-99. 2524:
Protection Council Symposium Proceedings No. 80, 103 - 108.
2426: 2045: 2041: 1433:
have been studied. Information about species of the orders
1251: 1239: 1147: 842: 634: 3013: 2852:(2). Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin: 213–224. 2799:
Genera Palmarum: The Evolution and Classification of Palms
2796: 2732: 2655: 1947:
belonging to 9 genera have been reported from Sri Lanka.
1255: 1247: 973:
have the highest amount of species (out of 200 mammalian
970: 2720:
Proceedings of Wayamba University Research Congress 2017
1796:
The detailed work on Sri Lankan spiders was through the
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by 88 species in four families. Five land snail genera,
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consists of 159 species within 23 families and subclass
3096:
Biological diversity in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka
2632: 2328:
The Red List of Threatened Fauan and Flora of Sri Lanka
2032:
of plants in Sri Lanka are quite high. There are 3,210
2583: 1773:. Many centipede works are more than a century old. 3034:Herat, T. R. Somaratna, S. & Pradeepa, (1998). 2162:endemic to Sri Lanka, of which 8 were found in the 2061:, a monotypic genus consisting of the sole species 2244:"Birds of the Indian Subcontinent ─ In a Nutshell" 1855:are recorded from both countries; 7 endemics from 2929:"Environmentalist discovers 51 species of Lichen" 1499:All 51 species along with 5 genera in the family 4237: 2472: 1456:Sri Lanka is known to be home to 794 species of 1386:. Henneman in 2002 recorded 69 species in order 2422: 2420: 2418: 2416: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2242:Manakadan, Ranjit; Khan, Asif N. (March 2020). 2360: 1062:Sri Lanka has one of the richest diversity of 1004:- once endemic, but now found in India as well 3796: 3389: 3116: 2241: 579: 490: 2407: 2069:) genus that is endemic to Sri Lanka. A new 1983:List of common trees and shrubs of Sri Lanka 1008:Sri Lanka currently contains 185 species of 2609: 1123:List of common commercial fish of Sri Lanka 529:has one of the highest rates of biological 3810: 3803: 3789: 3396: 3382: 3123: 3109: 2660:; Mooi, Rich; Kroh, Andreas (2019-03-25). 1813:List of ant-mimicking spiders of Sri Lanka 1394:around central hills. 66 species of order 1390:. He also collected few specimen of order 1169:Insects belonging to all 32 orders except 537:and 23% of flowering plants are endemic). 497: 483: 4189:Southwestern Sri Lanka rivers and streams 3048:Herat, T. R. & Ratnayake, P. (2005). 2857: 2685: 2586:"Records of centipede fauna of Sri Lanka" 2321: 2319: 2317: 2315: 2313: 3076:Herat, T. R. & Herat, A. U. (2008). 3014:Channa N. B. Bambaradeniya, ed. (2006). 2765: 2224:. Young Biologist Association, Sri Lanka 1998: 1888: 1863:. 1 species is found in both countries. 1806: 1614:List of non-marine molluscs of Sri Lanka 1453:of Neuroptera has been studied in 1982. 1157: 1126: 1084: 1048: 994: 933: 918: 550: 2287: 2285: 1480:exist, but more recent work is needed. 1119:List of cartilaginous fish of Sri Lanka 4238: 3130: 2955:"The fascinating world of the lichens" 2790: 2716:"The irregular echinoids of Sri Lanka" 2310: 2140:, was also identified from Sri Lanka. 3784: 3377: 3104: 2202:List of freshwater fauna of Sri Lanka 1885:List of lesser arachnids of Sri Lanka 1495:List of freshwater crabs of Sri Lanka 3403: 2983:"Two new Lichens from Horton Plains" 2740:"Unique and threatened biodiversity" 2635:"Checklist of Spiders of South Asia" 2427:Bambaradeniya, Channa N. B. (2006). 2282: 1879:List of pseudoscorpions of Sri Lanka 1620:List of marine molluscs of Sri Lanka 1299:List of Ephemeropterans of Sri Lanka 1246:Hymenopterans, which includes ants, 1115:List of introduced fish in Sri Lanka 1111:List of freshwater fish of Sri Lanka 927:), the largest of the subspecies of 915:List of endemic mammals of Sri Lanka 2222:"Biological diversity of Sri Lanka" 2158:has discovered 51 new varieties of 1488: 1462:Catalogue of Hemiptera of Sri Lanka 1173:have been recorded from Sri Lanka. 574: 540: 427:Department of Wildlife Conservation 13: 2214: 1995:List of pteridophytes of Sri Lanka 1918: 1359:List of minor insects of Sri Lanka 1207:List of hymenopterans of Sri Lanka 1081:List of endemic birds of Sri Lanka 586:Convention on Biological Diversity 14: 4267: 4051:Divisional Secretariats Divisions 3084: 3073:. Environmental Ministry Colombo. 3066:. Environmental Ministry Colombo. 2777:Food and Agriculture Organization 2361:Malaka Rodrigo (5 January 2024). 2154:Sri Lankan environmentalist, Dr. 1961:Echinoderms belong to the phylum 1925:List of ixodid ticks of Sri Lanka 1523: 1347:List of Dermapterans of Sri Lanka 1183:List of coleopterans of Sri Lanka 1142:Sri Lanka contains 93 species of 945:Sri Lanka is home to roughly 123 420:Department of Forest Conservation 3764: 3755: 3754: 3091:A guide to reptiles of Sri Lanka 1957:List of echinoderms of Sri Lanka 1747:Fauna of Sri Lanka also include 1317:List of hemipterans of Sri Lanka 1311:List of cockroaches of Sri Lanka 1286: 1195:List of butterflies of Sri Lanka 1176: 938:A monkey on wire in the city of 33: 3007: 2975: 2947: 2921: 2874: 2815: 2708: 2649: 2633:Molur, Sanjay; Siliwal, Manju. 2626: 2603: 2577: 2552: 2527: 2517: 2492: 2466: 2131:Fuscocephaloziopsis lunulifolia 2098:and six species of liverworts; 1841:List of tarantulas of Sri Lanka 1353:List of Neuroptera of Sri Lanka 1305:List of Orthoptera of Sri Lanka 1231:List of mosquitoes of Sri Lanka 1162:Albino cockroach, of the order 1045:List of amphibians of Sri Lanka 4174:dry-zone dry evergreen forests 3722:British Indian Ocean Territory 3036:Common Vegetables of Sri Lanka 2801:. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2454: 2380: 2354: 2258: 2235: 2048:groups are much higher in the 2019:Central Highlands of Sri Lanka 1989:List of mangroves of Sri Lanka 1950: 1873:List of scorpions of Sri Lanka 1761:List of myriapods of Sri Lanka 1483: 1225:List of dipterans of Sri Lanka 899: 1: 2207: 2086:In 2020, a species of orchid 1834: 1335:List of phasmids of Sri Lanka 1329:List of termites of Sri Lanka 1293:List of odonates of Sri Lanka 1038: 991:List of reptiles of Sri Lanka 555:Ecological zones of Sri Lanka 2393:. Colombo, Sri Lanka: IUCN. 2150:List of lichens of Sri Lanka 1969:that are closely related to 1935:Ticks belong to superfamily 1866: 1792:List of spiders of Sri Lanka 1780: 1754: 1513:List of isopods of Sri Lanka 1370:are categorized in suborder 1341:List of mantids of Sri Lanka 1016:and the largest two are the 911:List of mammals of Sri Lanka 346:Pinnawela Elephant Orphanage 50:Protected areas of Sri Lanka 7: 2584:Dissanayake, Duminda. S.B. 2390:Avifaunal List of Sri Lanka 2299:. June 2021. pp. 14–20 2185: 1765:The diversity of subphylum 1607: 1421:are recorded. In the order 1323:List of aphids of Sri Lanka 984: 563: 10: 4272: 4169:Deccan thorn scrub forests 2901:10.11646/phytotaxa.436.1.5 2748:Conservation International 2266:"Attractions of Sri Lanka" 2147: 2143: 2011:) is a rare subspecies of 1992: 1986: 1980: 1954: 1931:List of mites of Sri Lanka 1928: 1922: 1882: 1876: 1870: 1838: 1810: 1789: 1785: 1758: 1617: 1611: 1510: 1506: 1492: 1356: 1350: 1344: 1338: 1332: 1326: 1320: 1314: 1308: 1302: 1296: 1290: 1228: 1222: 1216: 1210: 1204: 1201:List of moths of Sri Lanka 1198: 1192: 1186: 1180: 1153: 1108: 1077:List of birds of Sri Lanka 1074: 1042: 988: 908: 904: 580:Described species of fauna 567: 544: 4137: 4064: 4056:Grama Niladhari Divisions 4031: 3985: 3934: 3896: 3858: 3818: 3750: 3709: 3669: 3411: 3310: 3292: 3237: 3214: 3191: 3143: 3136: 2885:Gastrodia gunatillekeorum 2678:10.11646/zootaxa.4571.1.3 2656:Arachchige, Gayashan M.; 2306:– via ResearchGate. 2089:Gastrodia gunatillekeorum 1219:List of ants of Sri Lanka 1213:List of bees of Sri Lanka 721: 3471:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 2564:World Conservation Union 2539:World Conservation Union 2254:(2 & 3). BNHS-ENVIS. 2113:Spruceanthus polymorphus 2107:Leptolejeunea subdentata 1976: 1417:Only 4 species of order 1189:Butterflies of Sri Lanka 1070: 3888:Knuckles Mountain Range 3883:Hanthana Mountain Range 3732:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 2164:Knuckles Mountain Range 2079:, endemic to Hiniduma, 1587:Portunus sanguinolentus 1104: 1001:Chrysopelea taprobanica 925:Elephas maximus maximus 439:Field Ornithology Group 4256:Biota of archipelagoes 4107:North Western Province 4097:North Central Province 3812:Geography of Sri Lanka 2826:Henckelia wijesundarae 2591:. repository.rjt.ac.lk 2473:Priyadarshani, S.H.R. 2197:Wildlife of South Asia 2125:Heteroscyphus turgidus 2076:Henckelia wijesundarae 2022: 1893: 1559:Metopograpsus thukuhar 1166: 1139: 1098: 1059: 1058:- an endemic amphibian 1005: 942: 931: 556: 547:Geography of Sri Lanka 367:Ridiyagama Safari Park 3069:Herat, T. R. (2007). 3062:Herat, T. R. (2007). 3055:Herat, T. R. (2005). 3041:Herat, T. R. (2005). 2744:Biodiversity Hotspots 2192:Wildlife conservation 2014:Rhododendron arboreum 2005:Rhododendron arboreum 2002: 1892: 1807:Ant-mimicking spiders 1545:Episesarma versicolor 1161: 1130: 1088: 1052: 998: 937: 923:Sri Lankan elephant ( 922: 570:Forestry in Sri Lanka 554: 511:wildlife of Sri Lanka 27:Wildlife of Sri Lanka 4206:wildlife sanctuaries 4184:montane rain forests 4179:lowland rain forests 4152:environmental issues 3646:United Arab Emirates 3038:. NARESA, Sri Lanka. 2065:, is the only palm ( 1915:found in Sri Lanka. 1911:, and 21 species of 1859:and 7 endemics from 1573:Perisesarma guttatum 1552:Metopograpsus messor 1275:belong to the order 1091:Sri Lanka junglefowl 4246:Wildlife by country 3673:limited recognition 3206:Non-marine molluscs 2859:10.3372/wi.46.46202 2173:Anzia mahaeliyensis 2063:Loxococcus rupicola 1847:Indian subcontinent 1566:Neosarmatium smithi 1425:, two subfamilies, 1089:The national bird, 1022:saltwater crocodile 963:Sri Lankan elephant 253:Non-marine molluscs 21:Part of a series on 4251:Biota of Sri Lanka 3986:Bordering entities 3358:Cartilaginous fish 3131:Fauna of Sri Lanka 2773:"Forest Resources" 2658:Jayakody, Sevvandi 2270:seeceylontours.com 2156:Gothamie Weerakoon 2023: 1894: 1167: 1140: 1099: 1060: 1006: 943: 932: 557: 521:and their natural 360:Pinnawala Open Zoo 341:Zoological gardens 64:Biosphere reserves 4233: 4232: 4117:Southern Province 4102:Northern Province 3878:Central Highlands 3850:Natural disasters 3778: 3777: 3715:other territories 3405:Wildlife of Asia 3371: 3370: 3306: 3305: 3080:. Self published. 3059:. Self published. 3052:. Self published. 3045:. Self published. 2935:. 8 December 2013 2808:978-1-84246-182-2 2610:De Zoysa, H.K.S. 2400:978-955-8177-51-8 2341:978-955-8177-63-1 2179:Anzia flavotenuis 1817:Spiders in genus 1749:freshwater snails 1601:Thalamita crenata 1538:Charybdis natator 1468:within the order 1431:Pseudocaeciliidae 959:Sri Lanka leopard 897: 896: 507: 506: 373:Botanical gardens 4263: 4127:Western Province 4092:Eastern Province 4087:Central Province 3833:Climatic regions 3805: 3798: 3791: 3782: 3781: 3768: 3758: 3757: 3727:Christmas Island 3413:Sovereign states 3398: 3391: 3384: 3375: 3374: 3224:Freshwater crabs 3141: 3140: 3125: 3118: 3111: 3102: 3101: 3031: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2988:The Sunday Times 2979: 2973: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2951: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2916: 2915: 2878: 2872: 2871: 2861: 2830:Chirita walkerae 2819: 2813: 2812: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2784: 2769: 2763: 2762: 2760: 2759: 2750:. Archived from 2736: 2730: 2729: 2727: 2726: 2712: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2702: 2689: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2630: 2624: 2623: 2621: 2619: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2596: 2590: 2581: 2575: 2556: 2550: 2531: 2525: 2521: 2515: 2514: 2512: 2510: 2504: 2496: 2490: 2489: 2487: 2485: 2479: 2470: 2464: 2458: 2452: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2424: 2405: 2404: 2384: 2378: 2377: 2375: 2373: 2358: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2348: 2333: 2323: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2304: 2289: 2280: 2279: 2277: 2276: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2239: 2233: 2232: 2230: 2229: 2218: 2119:Frullania udarii 2101:Lejeunea sordida 2034:flowering plants 2003:Maha rath mala ( 1849:, 15 species of 1740:are only in the 1580:Portunus armatus 1489:Freshwater crabs 1378:are in suborder 1095:Gallus lafayetii 1018:mugger crocodile 591: 590: 575:Faunal diversity 541:Ecological zones 499: 492: 485: 298:Lesser arachnids 248:Freshwater crabs 37: 18: 17: 4271: 4270: 4266: 4265: 4264: 4262: 4261: 4260: 4236: 4235: 4234: 4229: 4196:protected areas 4133: 4083:Settlements in 4060: 4027: 3981: 3930: 3892: 3854: 3814: 3809: 3779: 3774: 3746: 3714: 3705: 3686:Northern Cyprus 3672: 3665: 3407: 3402: 3372: 3367: 3363:Commercial fish 3353:Introduced fish 3348:Freshwater fish 3302: 3288: 3284:Other arachnids 3269:Pseudoscorpions 3233: 3210: 3201:Marine molluscs 3187: 3132: 3129: 3087: 3028: 3010: 3005: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2991:. 18 March 2012 2981: 2980: 2976: 2966: 2964: 2953: 2952: 2948: 2938: 2936: 2927: 2926: 2922: 2913: 2911: 2879: 2875: 2820: 2816: 2809: 2795: 2791: 2782: 2780: 2771: 2770: 2766: 2757: 2755: 2738: 2737: 2733: 2724: 2722: 2714: 2713: 2709: 2700: 2698: 2654: 2650: 2640: 2638: 2631: 2627: 2617: 2615: 2614:. Research Gate 2608: 2604: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2582: 2578: 2557: 2553: 2532: 2528: 2522: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2483: 2481: 2477: 2471: 2467: 2459: 2455: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2425: 2408: 2401: 2385: 2381: 2371: 2369: 2359: 2355: 2346: 2344: 2342: 2331: 2325: 2324: 2311: 2302: 2300: 2291: 2290: 2283: 2274: 2272: 2264: 2263: 2259: 2240: 2236: 2227: 2225: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2210: 2188: 2152: 2146: 2137:Helvella crispa 2095:Halophila major 1997: 1991: 1985: 1979: 1959: 1953: 1933: 1927: 1921: 1919:Ticks and mites 1907:, 4 species of 1887: 1881: 1875: 1869: 1843: 1837: 1815: 1809: 1794: 1788: 1783: 1763: 1757: 1622: 1616: 1610: 1526: 1515: 1509: 1497: 1491: 1486: 1451:Coniopterygidae 1361: 1355: 1349: 1343: 1337: 1331: 1325: 1319: 1313: 1307: 1301: 1295: 1289: 1271:True flies and 1233: 1227: 1221: 1215: 1209: 1203: 1197: 1191: 1185: 1179: 1171:Grylloblattodea 1156: 1144:freshwater fish 1136:Puntius titteya 1125: 1109:Main articles: 1107: 1083: 1075:Main articles: 1073: 1047: 1041: 993: 987: 917: 909:Main articles: 907: 902: 883:Jungermanniales 689:Freshwater fish 603:Endemic species 582: 577: 572: 566: 549: 543: 503: 474: 473: 452: 444: 443: 433:Civil societies 412: 404: 403: 338: 330: 329: 293:Pseudoscorpions 141:Commercial fish 131:Introduced fish 126:Freshwater fish 84: 83:Flora and fauna 76: 75: 45: 44:Protected areas 12: 11: 5: 4269: 4259: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4227: 4226: 4225: 4220: 4210: 4209: 4208: 4203: 4201:national parks 4193: 4192: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4161: 4160: 4159: 4149: 4143: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4131: 4130: 4129: 4124: 4119: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4081: 4076: 4070: 4068: 4062: 4061: 4059: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4037: 4035: 4029: 4028: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4003:Gulf of Mannar 4000: 3995: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3980: 3979: 3974: 3969: 3964: 3959: 3954: 3949: 3944: 3938: 3936: 3932: 3931: 3929: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3902: 3900: 3898:Extreme points 3894: 3893: 3891: 3890: 3885: 3880: 3875: 3870: 3864: 3862: 3856: 3855: 3853: 3852: 3847: 3846: 3845: 3840: 3830: 3824: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3808: 3807: 3800: 3793: 3785: 3776: 3775: 3773: 3772: 3762: 3751: 3748: 3747: 3745: 3744: 3739: 3734: 3729: 3724: 3718: 3716: 3707: 3706: 3704: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3683: 3677: 3675: 3667: 3666: 3664: 3663: 3658: 3653: 3648: 3643: 3638: 3633: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3453: 3448: 3443: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3423: 3417: 3415: 3409: 3408: 3401: 3400: 3393: 3386: 3378: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3355: 3350: 3345: 3340: 3330: 3320: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3307: 3304: 3303: 3298: 3296: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3260: 3259: 3254: 3243: 3241: 3235: 3234: 3232: 3231: 3226: 3220: 3218: 3212: 3211: 3209: 3208: 3203: 3197: 3195: 3189: 3188: 3186: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3149: 3147: 3138: 3134: 3133: 3128: 3127: 3120: 3113: 3105: 3099: 3098: 3093: 3086: 3085:External links 3083: 3082: 3081: 3074: 3067: 3060: 3053: 3046: 3039: 3032: 3026: 3009: 3006: 3003: 3002: 2974: 2946: 2920: 2873: 2814: 2807: 2789: 2764: 2731: 2707: 2648: 2625: 2602: 2576: 2551: 2526: 2516: 2491: 2465: 2453: 2439: 2406: 2399: 2379: 2353: 2340: 2309: 2281: 2257: 2234: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2206: 2205: 2204: 2199: 2194: 2187: 2184: 2148:Main article: 2145: 2142: 1993:Main article: 1987:Main article: 1981:Main article: 1978: 1975: 1955:Main article: 1952: 1949: 1941:Parasitiformes 1929:Main article: 1923:Main article: 1920: 1917: 1913:daddy longlegs 1909:whip scorpions 1883:Main article: 1877:Main article: 1871:Main article: 1868: 1865: 1839:Main article: 1836: 1833: 1811:Main article: 1808: 1805: 1790:Main article: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1759:Main article: 1756: 1753: 1618:Main article: 1612:Main article: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1604: 1597: 1594:Scylla serrata 1590: 1583: 1576: 1569: 1562: 1555: 1548: 1541: 1525: 1524:Mangrove crabs 1522: 1511:Main article: 1508: 1505: 1501:Gecarcinucidae 1493:Main article: 1490: 1487: 1485: 1482: 1357:Main article: 1351:Main article: 1345:Main article: 1339:Main article: 1333:Main article: 1327:Main article: 1321:Main article: 1315:Main article: 1309:Main article: 1303:Main article: 1297:Main article: 1291:Main article: 1288: 1285: 1229:Main article: 1223:Main article: 1217:Main article: 1211:Main article: 1205:Main article: 1199:Main article: 1193:Main article: 1187:Main article: 1181:Main article: 1178: 1175: 1155: 1152: 1106: 1103: 1097:), is endemic. 1072: 1069: 1043:Main article: 1040: 1037: 1033:climate change 989:Main article: 986: 983: 957:, the endemic 929:Asian elephant 906: 903: 901: 898: 895: 894: 891: 888: 885: 880: 877: 876: 873: 870: 867: 858: 855: 854: 851: 848: 845: 840: 837: 836: 833: 830: 827: 822: 816: 815: 812: 809: 806: 800: 799: 796: 793: 790: 784: 783: 780: 777: 774: 768: 767: 764: 761: 758: 752: 751: 749: 747: 744: 738: 737: 735: 733: 730: 725: 719: 718: 715: 712: 709: 704: 701: 700: 697: 694: 691: 686: 683: 682: 679: 676: 673: 668: 665: 664: 661: 658: 655: 650: 647: 646: 643: 640: 637: 632: 629: 628: 625: 622: 619: 614: 608: 607: 604: 601: 600:No. of species 598: 595: 581: 578: 576: 573: 568:Main article: 565: 562: 545:Main article: 542: 539: 505: 504: 502: 501: 494: 487: 479: 476: 475: 472: 471: 465: 464: 459: 453: 451:Related topics 450: 449: 446: 445: 442: 441: 430: 429: 423: 422: 413: 410: 409: 406: 405: 402: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 370: 369: 363: 362: 356: 355: 349: 348: 339: 336: 335: 332: 331: 328: 327: 322: 317: 306: 305: 300: 295: 290: 285: 280: 275: 270: 265: 260: 255: 250: 245: 240: 235: 230: 225: 220: 215: 210: 205: 200: 195: 190: 185: 180: 175: 170: 165: 160: 155: 144: 143: 138: 136:Cartilage fish 133: 128: 123: 118: 113: 112: 111: 101: 100: 99: 85: 82: 81: 78: 77: 74: 73: 67: 66: 60: 59: 57:National parks 53: 52: 46: 43: 42: 39: 38: 30: 29: 23: 22: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4268: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4215: 4214: 4211: 4207: 4204: 4202: 4199: 4198: 4197: 4194: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4166: 4165: 4162: 4158: 4157:deforestation 4155: 4154: 4153: 4150: 4148: 4145: 4144: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4128: 4125: 4123: 4120: 4118: 4115: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4077: 4075: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4063: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4038: 4036: 4034: 4030: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3998:Bay of Bengal 3996: 3994: 3993:Adam's Bridge 3991: 3990: 3988: 3984: 3978: 3975: 3973: 3970: 3968: 3965: 3963: 3960: 3958: 3955: 3953: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3943: 3940: 3939: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3895: 3889: 3886: 3884: 3881: 3879: 3876: 3874: 3871: 3869: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3851: 3848: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3835: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3825: 3823: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3806: 3801: 3799: 3794: 3792: 3787: 3786: 3783: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3761: 3753: 3752: 3749: 3743: 3740: 3738: 3735: 3733: 3730: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3720: 3719: 3717: 3712: 3708: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3696:South Ossetia 3694: 3692: 3689: 3687: 3684: 3682: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3659: 3657: 3654: 3652: 3649: 3647: 3644: 3642: 3639: 3637: 3634: 3632: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3399: 3394: 3392: 3387: 3385: 3380: 3379: 3376: 3364: 3361: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3334: 3331: 3328: 3324: 3321: 3319: 3316: 3315: 3313: 3309: 3301: 3297: 3295: 3291: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3258: 3255: 3253: 3250: 3249: 3248: 3245: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3217: 3213: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3184: 3183:Other insects 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3150: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3139: 3137:Invertebrates 3135: 3126: 3121: 3119: 3114: 3112: 3107: 3106: 3103: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3088: 3079: 3075: 3072: 3068: 3065: 3061: 3058: 3054: 3051: 3047: 3044: 3040: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3027:955-8177-51-2 3023: 3019: 3018: 3012: 3011: 2990: 2989: 2984: 2978: 2962: 2961: 2956: 2950: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2910: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2894: 2893: 2888: 2886: 2877: 2869: 2865: 2860: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2846: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2818: 2810: 2804: 2800: 2793: 2778: 2774: 2768: 2754:on 2009-05-04 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2735: 2721: 2717: 2711: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2652: 2636: 2629: 2613: 2606: 2587: 2580: 2573: 2572:955-8177-51-2 2569: 2565: 2561: 2555: 2548: 2547:955-8177-51-2 2544: 2540: 2536: 2530: 2520: 2501: 2495: 2476: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2442: 2440:9789558177518 2436: 2432: 2431: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2402: 2396: 2392: 2391: 2383: 2368: 2364: 2357: 2343: 2337: 2330: 2329: 2322: 2320: 2318: 2316: 2314: 2298: 2294: 2288: 2286: 2271: 2267: 2261: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2238: 2223: 2217: 2213: 2203: 2200: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2190: 2189: 2183: 2181: 2180: 2175: 2174: 2169: 2168:Horton Plains 2165: 2161: 2157: 2151: 2141: 2139: 2138: 2133: 2132: 2127: 2126: 2121: 2120: 2115: 2114: 2109: 2108: 2103: 2102: 2097: 2096: 2091: 2090: 2084: 2082: 2078: 2077: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2059: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2020: 2016: 2015: 2010: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1990: 1984: 1974: 1972: 1968: 1967:deuterostomes 1964: 1963:Echinodermata 1958: 1948: 1946: 1942: 1939:of the order 1938: 1932: 1926: 1916: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1900: 1897: 1891: 1886: 1880: 1874: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1853: 1852:Poecilotheria 1848: 1842: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1821: 1814: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1793: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1762: 1752: 1750: 1745: 1743: 1742:Western Ghats 1739: 1738: 1733: 1732: 1727: 1726: 1721: 1720: 1719:Leptopomoides 1715: 1714: 1709: 1708: 1703: 1702: 1697: 1696: 1691: 1690: 1685: 1684: 1679: 1678: 1673: 1672: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1660: 1655: 1654: 1649: 1648: 1643: 1642: 1637: 1636: 1631: 1630:Prosobranchia 1627: 1621: 1615: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1596: 1595: 1591: 1589: 1588: 1584: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1575: 1574: 1570: 1568: 1567: 1563: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1554: 1553: 1549: 1547: 1546: 1542: 1540: 1539: 1535: 1534: 1533: 1531: 1521: 1519: 1514: 1504: 1502: 1496: 1481: 1479: 1475: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1415: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1384:Ephemeroptera 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1360: 1354: 1348: 1342: 1336: 1330: 1324: 1318: 1312: 1306: 1300: 1294: 1287:Minor insects 1284: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1269: 1267: 1263: 1262: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1244: 1241: 1237: 1232: 1226: 1220: 1214: 1208: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1177:Major insects 1174: 1172: 1165: 1160: 1151: 1149: 1145: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1102: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1082: 1078: 1068: 1065: 1057: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1029:Nilwala River 1025: 1023: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1003: 1002: 997: 992: 982: 980: 976: 972: 968: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 941: 936: 930: 926: 921: 916: 912: 892: 889: 886: 884: 881: 879: 878: 874: 871: 868: 866: 862: 859: 857: 856: 852: 849: 846: 844: 841: 839: 838: 834: 831: 828: 826: 823: 821: 818: 817: 813: 810: 807: 805: 804:Echinodermata 802: 801: 797: 794: 791: 789: 786: 785: 781: 778: 775: 773: 770: 769: 765: 762: 759: 757: 754: 753: 750: 748: 745: 743: 740: 739: 736: 734: 731: 729: 726: 724: 723:Invertebrates 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184: 181: 179: 178:Hymenopterans 176: 174: 171: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 150: 149: 148: 147:Invertebrates 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 110: 107: 106: 105: 102: 98: 95: 94: 93: 90: 89: 88: 80: 79: 72: 69: 68: 65: 62: 61: 58: 55: 54: 51: 48: 47: 41: 40: 36: 32: 31: 28: 25: 24: 20: 19: 16: 4212: 4112:Sabaragamuwa 4033:Subdivisions 4013:Indian Ocean 3868:Indian Plate 3711:Dependencies 3641:Turkmenistan 3615: 3606:Saudi Arabia 3293: 3238: 3215: 3192: 3144: 3077: 3070: 3063: 3056: 3049: 3042: 3035: 3016: 3008:Bibliography 2993:. Retrieved 2986: 2977: 2965:. Retrieved 2963:. 2015-03-22 2960:Ceylon Today 2958: 2949: 2937:. Retrieved 2923: 2912:. Retrieved 2890: 2884: 2876: 2849: 2843: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2817: 2798: 2792: 2781:. Retrieved 2767: 2756:. Retrieved 2752:the original 2743: 2734: 2723:. Retrieved 2719: 2710: 2699:. Retrieved 2669: 2665: 2651: 2639:. Retrieved 2637:. p. 47 2628: 2616:. Retrieved 2605: 2593:. Retrieved 2579: 2554: 2529: 2519: 2507:. Retrieved 2494: 2482:. Retrieved 2468: 2456: 2444:. Retrieved 2429: 2389: 2382: 2370:. Retrieved 2366: 2356: 2345:. Retrieved 2327: 2301:. Retrieved 2296: 2273:. Retrieved 2269: 2260: 2251: 2247: 2237: 2226:. Retrieved 2216: 2177: 2171: 2153: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2117: 2111: 2105: 2099: 2093: 2087: 2085: 2074: 2071:Gesneriaceae 2062: 2056: 2055: 2038:dipterocarps 2024: 2012: 2008: 2004: 1960: 1934: 1905:whip spiders 1901: 1898: 1895: 1850: 1844: 1818: 1816: 1802: 1797: 1795: 1764: 1746: 1735: 1729: 1723: 1717: 1711: 1705: 1699: 1693: 1687: 1681: 1675: 1669: 1663: 1657: 1651: 1645: 1639: 1633: 1623: 1599: 1592: 1585: 1578: 1571: 1564: 1557: 1550: 1543: 1536: 1527: 1516: 1498: 1478:Strepsiptera 1461: 1455: 1447:Siphonaptera 1435:Thysanoptera 1416: 1366: 1362: 1270: 1259: 1245: 1234: 1168: 1141: 1135: 1100: 1094: 1061: 1055:Taruga eques 1053: 1026: 1007: 999: 944: 924: 861:Pteridophyta 583: 558: 533:(16% of the 510: 508: 432: 431: 414: 384:Henarathgoda 372: 371: 353:Dehiwala Zoo 340: 308: 307: 183:Orthopterans 146: 145: 86: 26: 15: 4139:Environment 4066:Settlements 4023:Palk Strait 3770:Asia portal 3671:States with 3591:Philippines 3531:South Korea 3526:North Korea 3421:Afghanistan 3311:Vertebrates 3216:Crustaceans 3153:Butterflies 2845:Willdenowia 2834:C. walkerae 1965:. They are 1951:Echinoderms 1820:Myrmarachne 1695:Eurychlamys 1641:Ratnadvipia 1484:Crustaceans 1474:Trichoptera 1458:Hemipterans 1427:Epipsocidae 1410:infraorder 1392:Phasmatodea 1376:dragonflies 1368:Damselflies 1266:Hymenoptera 1132:Cherry barb 900:Vertebrates 825:Angiosperms 707:Marine fish 612:Vertebrates 415:Authorities 389:Mirijjawila 303:Echinoderms 188:Cockroaches 153:Butterflies 87:Vertebrates 71:Sanctuaries 4240:Categories 4164:ecoregions 3977:Waterfalls 3651:Uzbekistan 3626:Tajikistan 3541:Kyrgyzstan 3521:Kazakhstan 3441:Bangladesh 3431:Azerbaijan 3318:Amphibians 3257:Ant-mimics 3252:Tarantulas 2995:8 February 2967:8 February 2939:8 February 2933:News First 2914:2021-08-22 2838:parviflora 2783:2009-09-15 2758:2009-09-15 2725:2021-08-23 2701:2021-08-23 2509:23 January 2484:23 January 2446:23 January 2372:25 January 2347:2012-09-20 2303:2021-08-22 2275:2021-11-05 2228:2009-09-12 2208:References 2058:Loxococcus 2009:zeylanicum 1835:Tarantulas 1825:Salticidae 1771:centipedes 1677:Cryptozona 1653:Oligospira 1439:Neuroptera 1423:Psocoptera 1419:Embioptera 1404:Dermaptera 1388:Orthoptera 1380:Anisoptera 1281:mosquitoes 1273:mosquitoes 1236:Coleoptera 1064:amphibians 1039:Amphibians 955:sloth bear 772:Scorpiones 728:Gastropoda 462:Ecoregions 394:Peradeniya 278:Hard ticks 268:Tarantulas 173:Mosquitoes 116:Amphibians 4046:Districts 4041:Provinces 3962:Mountains 3935:Landforms 3737:Hong Kong 3691:Palestine 3616:Sri Lanka 3611:Singapore 3491:Indonesia 3300:Myriapods 3294:Myriapods 3264:Scorpions 3239:Arachnids 2909:216214597 2895:: 55–62. 2892:Phytotaxa 2672:(1): 35. 2170:in 2012, 2067:Arecaceae 2026:Diversity 2017:found in 1971:chordates 1937:Ixodoidea 1867:Scorpions 1861:Sri Lanka 1827:of order 1781:Arachnids 1775:Millipede 1767:Myriapoda 1755:Myriapods 1731:Tortulosa 1725:Micraulax 1689:Mariaella 1671:Thysanota 1665:Ruthvenia 1626:Pulmonata 1470:Hemiptera 1443:Mecoptera 1396:Blattodea 1372:Zygoptera 1261:Aneuretus 1164:Blattodea 979:Cetaceans 865:Lycophyta 843:Bryophyta 788:Crustacea 606:Endemism 527:Sri Lanka 399:Seetawaka 320:Mangroves 273:Scorpions 258:Myriapods 213:Hemiptera 203:Lacewings 168:Dipterans 4213:wildlife 4147:Forestry 4018:Palk Bay 3843:Wet Zone 3838:Dry Zone 3760:Category 3681:Abkhazia 3631:Thailand 3586:Pakistan 3566:Mongolia 3561:Maldives 3556:Malaysia 3456:Cambodia 3343:Reptiles 3337:Endemics 3327:Endemics 3193:Molluscs 3168:Odonates 2868:89271266 2696:31715829 2641:13 March 2480:. slafar 2367:Mongabay 2186:See also 2073:species 2050:wet zone 2030:endemism 1945:Ixodidae 1707:Beddomea 1683:Euplecta 1659:Aulopoma 1608:Molluscs 1412:Isoptera 1400:Mantodea 1010:reptiles 985:Reptiles 965:and the 671:Amphibia 653:Reptilia 617:Mammalia 564:Forestry 531:endemism 523:habitats 233:Odonates 193:Termites 121:Reptiles 109:Endemics 97:Endemics 3972:Valleys 3952:Lagoons 3947:Islands 3942:Beaches 3906:Highest 3860:Geology 3828:Climate 3820:Climate 3656:Vietnam 3571:Myanmar 3551:Lebanon 3481:Georgia 3436:Bahrain 3426:Armenia 3333:Mammals 3247:Spiders 3229:Isopods 3145:Insects 2687:6910863 2666:Zootaxa 2248:Buceros 2160:lichens 2144:Lichens 1829:Araneae 1786:Spiders 1713:Trachia 1701:Corilla 1530:Negombo 1518:Isopods 1507:Isopods 1408:termite 1277:Diptera 1154:Insects 951:mammals 947:species 905:Mammals 782:38.88% 766:70.75% 756:Araneae 742:Insecta 699:53.76% 681:91.66% 663:65.33% 645:11.89% 469:Tourism 379:Hakgala 337:Gardens 288:Isopods 263:Spiders 218:Mantids 208:Phasmid 198:Earwigs 158:Beetles 104:Mammals 4074:Cities 3967:Rivers 3701:Taiwan 3636:Turkey 3601:Russia 3536:Kuwait 3516:Jordan 3506:Israel 3466:Cyprus 3451:Brunei 3446:Bhutan 3173:Aphids 3024:  2907:  2866:  2805:  2779:. 2001 2694:  2684:  2618:9 June 2595:9 June 2570:  2545:  2437:  2397:  2338:  1737:Nicida 1647:Acavus 1635:Ravana 1466:aphids 1445:, and 1121:, and 1014:snakes 975:orders 967:sambar 961:, the 835:16.8% 820:Plants 746:11,144 627:16.8% 238:Aphids 4223:flora 4218:fauna 4079:Towns 4008:India 3957:Lakes 3916:South 3911:North 3742:Macau 3661:Yemen 3621:Syria 3596:Qatar 3576:Nepal 3511:Japan 3486:India 3476:Egypt 3461:China 3323:Birds 3279:Mites 3274:Ticks 3158:Moths 2905:S2CID 2864:S2CID 2836:var. 2589:(PDF) 2503:(PDF) 2478:(PDF) 2332:(PDF) 2297:Loris 2081:Galle 2042:ferns 2007:ssp. 1977:Flora 1857:India 1252:wasps 1240:moths 1071:Birds 940:Kandy 875:100% 829:3,120 814:100% 798:100% 711:1,387 597:Class 594:Group 535:fauna 519:fauna 515:flora 315:Trees 309:Flora 283:Mites 163:Moths 92:Birds 3926:West 3921:East 3873:Gems 3581:Oman 3546:Laos 3501:Iraq 3496:Iran 3178:Ants 3163:Bees 3022:ISBN 2997:2016 2969:2016 2941:2016 2832:and 2803:ISBN 2692:PMID 2670:4571 2643:2016 2620:2016 2597:2016 2568:ISBN 2562:The 2543:ISBN 2537:The 2511:2016 2486:2016 2448:2016 2435:ISBN 2395:ISBN 2374:2024 2336:ISBN 2176:and 2128:and 2046:taxa 2028:and 1734:and 1656:and 1476:and 1429:and 1374:and 1256:ants 1248:bees 1148:IUCN 1105:Fish 1079:and 1020:and 971:Bats 913:and 869:390+ 863:and 732:5246 635:Aves 517:and 509:The 243:Ants 228:Bees 4122:Uva 3713:and 2897:doi 2854:doi 2682:PMC 2674:doi 2462:pdf 949:of 893:0% 887:296 853:0% 847:575 832:904 763:271 760:383 717:0% 693:124 678:107 675:120 660:158 657:243 639:515 621:135 4242:: 2985:. 2957:. 2931:. 2903:. 2889:. 2862:. 2850:46 2848:. 2842:. 2775:. 2746:. 2742:. 2718:. 2690:. 2680:. 2668:. 2664:. 2433:. 2409:^ 2365:. 2312:^ 2295:. 2284:^ 2268:. 2252:24 2250:. 2246:. 2122:, 2116:, 2110:, 2104:, 1728:, 1722:, 1716:, 1710:, 1704:, 1698:, 1692:, 1686:, 1680:, 1674:, 1668:, 1650:, 1644:, 1638:, 1441:, 1437:, 1250:, 1117:, 1113:, 1035:. 1024:. 981:. 969:. 872:47 808:76 795:51 792:51 776:18 696:58 642:34 624:19 525:. 3804:e 3797:t 3790:v 3397:e 3390:t 3383:v 3339:) 3335:( 3329:) 3325:( 3124:e 3117:t 3110:v 3030:. 2999:. 2971:. 2943:. 2917:. 2899:: 2883:" 2870:. 2856:: 2840:" 2824:" 2811:. 2786:. 2761:. 2728:. 2704:. 2676:: 2645:. 2622:. 2599:. 2574:. 2549:. 2513:. 2488:. 2450:. 2403:. 2376:. 2350:. 2278:. 2231:. 2021:. 1134:( 1093:( 890:0 850:0 811:1 779:7 714:0 498:e 491:t 484:v

Index

Wildlife of Sri Lanka
Pigeon Island National Park
Protected areas of Sri Lanka
National parks
Biosphere reserves
Sanctuaries
Birds
Endemics
Mammals
Endemics
Amphibians
Reptiles
Freshwater fish
Introduced fish
Cartilage fish
Commercial fish
Butterflies
Beetles
Moths
Dipterans
Mosquitoes
Hymenopterans
Orthopterans
Cockroaches
Termites
Earwigs
Lacewings
Phasmid
Hemiptera
Mantids

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