21:
332:, which is based on the formal systems, may also be used. The simplified transliteration is derived from the formal transliteration into IAST notation, but with any diacritic marks omitted, so that only the ASCII characters of the 26 (52) letter Latin alphabet are used. However, certain symbols are treated differently:
172:
is widely worshipped among the Hindus. (acceptable and recommended). They might be in boldface-italics combined as and when necessary. But it is not recommended to unnecessarily put these words into single or double quotation marks. Thus, neither “Krishna” nor ‘Krishna’ is recommended. The devanagari
136:
used in
English. If a transliteration's status as primary cannot be justified or verified, then it should be corrected and replaced by a formal or simplified transliteration. A redirect should then be left in its place. Redirects should also be created for the more common alternative spelling forms.
319:
where appropriate for other languages. These systems use the Latin alphabet (the Roman script) with additional diacritic symbols. However, it is recommended that unnecessarily, the pitch accent of (Vedic-) Sanskrit should not be marked on the words using the acute and the grave accent marks. If need
460:
is the language used at the time that the name or term came into common use. Thus the original language will often be
Sanskrit. However, it may be other languages, depending on context. For much Buddhist material, the original language would be Pāli, and for words specific to the south of India, it
147:
Each article should include the original name in
Devanagari or other standard script of the original language in the first sentence. This should be followed by a formal transliteration. Whichever transliteration was used for the title (IAST, National Library at Calcutta romanization, or simplified
526:
However, in
Standard Hindi, the ending 'a' of masculine nouns is dropped. Hence, if it is certain that the word in question is a Hindi word / context is Hindi, then the final 'a' od masculine nouns shall be dropped (this does not apply to the long vowel ā ! It has to be retained as it is). E.g.,
447:
Informal transliterations are those based on the rules of modern
English, which are sometimes inconsistent. Examples are the use of 'ee' to refer to the long 'i' (Geeta), 'oo' to represent the long 'u', (Roopa), 'u' to refer to the short 'a', (mutt), 'th' to refer to the dental unaspirated 't'
538:
Veda (वेद) (Masc. Singular) → Vedas (Masc. plural. Original plural in
Sanskrit = Vedāh or Vedās ; in Sanskrit, the end-inflection in this case is -ās, but when the word is "finalized" with inflections, it changes into -āh with a dot beneath). No need to write the plural as
589:
The formal transliteration may be correct in some articles, and should not be replaced with the primary transliteration in such contexts. For instance, if an article uses the
Sanskrit forms for all other relevant words in it, then it may also be correct to use
151:
When more words of
Sanskrit/original language are encountered in the rest of the article, it is recommended but not required to include a transliteration of the word in the original (eg., devanagari) script. Again, it is recommended but not required to add a
424:. For most of the cases, it will be the first (uninflected) form. However, for disambiguation, or popularity, the second (inflected) form may also be used for certain words. Both forms are acceptable in Knowledge, but the recommendation is given as above.
398:ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण : दण्ड — danda (acceptable) or daṇḍa (acceptable and recommended). This would help to distinguish these consonants from the dental consonants त, थ, द, ध, न (because they would be transcribed with t, d and n without dots below).
194:
is a
Knowledge article on a topic related to Hinduism, Hindu mythology, Ayyavazhi, Buddhism, Jainism, and/or Sikhism, whose title is a transliteration of a word, name, or phrase that originated in one of the South Asian languages written in
167:
It is a general convention in written/typed
English that all foreign words are written in italics. Hence it is recommended for Knowledge too that the Roman script transliterations should be put into italics wherever they occur. Thus:
486:(simplified), not Bheema, Bhim or Bheem. Similarly for all words in which the original Sanskrit name ended in 'a'. The use of the double 'ee' is inconsistent with the single 'e' and may be misinterpreted by non-speakers of English.
58:
This is a proposed standard for the transliteration of words, names and term derived from Indic languages to be used in Knowledge articles on Hinduism or Hindu mythology, Ayyavazhi, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism.
357:
3. The palatal 'c' (च) of IAST is to be written ch. Hence, the aspirated 'ch' (छ) of IAST needs to be written as 'chh'. Additionally, the consonants 'k' (क) of IAST and 's' (स) are occasionally written as 'c'.
164:/). The word in the (transliterated) Roman script should be without brackets (parentheses) as a part of the main sentence, and the devanagari (etc.) script and IPA equivalents should be within parentheses.
416:
singular form of the properly declined noun. E.g. Brahmā (ब्रह्मा—the nominative singular of the masculine wordstem ब्रह्मन् Brahman), mātā (माता—the nominative singular of the feminine wordstem मातृ mātṛ).
469:
Here are some examples of IAST and simplified transliterations, for some names often spelt in distinct or idiosyncratic ways. Several of the following standardised forms have already been implemented:
346:
2. The two sibilants 'ṣ' (ष) and 'ś' (श) (both sometimes written sh, and sometimes s) are both to be always written sh in the simplified system, and not doubled if it is a double consonant. Thus
527:
India : Hindi भारत = Bhārat (not Bhārata). But : ब्रह्मा = Brahmā, for the High-god of the Trinity; The dropping of the final 'a' in Hindi shall not be done if the word is a Sanskrit loanword
448:(Thanjavur). They may also be based on regional forms of a word, or on forms in specific modern languages. In general, it is recommended not to use any informal transliteration.
401:
However, the ऋ (ṛ) and ष (ṣ) should be written without a dot below in Simplified transliteration scheme, as mentioned above. Thus, ऋषि — rishi (simplified), but not ṛiṣi.
303:
if at least 75% of all references in English use the same transliteration. Primary transliterations may sometimes be less accurate than other transliterations.
387:
5. It is highly recommended that even for simplified transliteration, the diacritical marks and the dot below t and d should be used as and when appropriate.
312:
35:
Either the page is no longer relevant or consensus on its purpose has become unclear. To revive discussion, seek broader input via a forum such as the
114:, if this can be clearly established. If a primary transliteration cannot be clearly established, then the article name should be written in either a
671:
522:(simplified), not Dasaratha; as per proposed use of sh for the sibilant Ś. The 'th' here is the aspirated consonant and is correctly used.
409:
Take the uninflected wordstem. E.g., Brahman (ब्रह्मन्—the wordstem of this neuter word), Soma (सोम—the wordstem of this masculine word).
563:
316:
614:
391:
The long bar above the vowels (called "macron") for ई, ऊ and आ : गीता — Gita (acceptable) or Gītā (acceptable and recommended).
72:". These may be inserted directly into the edit window, as Unicode text (or, if necessary as HTML character references such as
180:
323:
442:
512:(ललिता) (IAST and simplified), not Lalitha; use of the 'th' for the unaspirated dental consonant 't' is incorrect here.
420:
The general convention in contemporary India is to use that one form of the above two which has become more popular in
81:
36:
506:(simplified), not Paarvati. While the double 'aa' is usually not misinterpreted, it should be avoided for consistency.
431:, except the retroflex nasal consonant ṇ, be written as simple 'n'. Thus, ङ, ञ, अं, अँ, न must all be transcribed as
294:
461:
may be Tamil. For more recent hymns and devotionals, the original language is likely to be the modern vernaculars.
306:
666:
157:
531:
just preceding it is a consonantal cluster. E.g., Hindi राज्य = rājya (a state / province), but not rājy.
161:
552:
The possessive case for the nouns maybe formed by adding an apostrophe–s (’s or s’) to the word. Thus:
451:
185:
405:
6. In general, to write a Sanskrit singular noun, two methods are used for English transliteration:
635:
144:
are in widespread use, a limited number of them should be listed at the top of the main article.
651:
534:
The plural, while writing in English, maybe formed by adding an 's' or an 'es' or an 'as'. E.g.:
568:
The following have been established as primary transliterations in English, and in Knowledge.
153:
76:; this should be avoided if possible). A list of relevant characters is currently available at
621:
53:
376:. Thus, Shiva, and not shiva; but Gita or Gītā (गीता), and not gItA. Note that gItA is the
320:
be, a suitable message must be displayed before using the diacritics for the pitch accent.
8:
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28:
20:
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For Windows users who deal in devanagari and/or romanization on a regular basis, try
476:(गौरी ) (IAST and simplified), not Gowri; standard spelling for the middle diphthong.
464:
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84:
also exist for transliterations, but these are strongly deprecated. Use the template
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47:
122:. The transliteration should be close to the form of the name or term used in the
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132:
should not be used for article titles, unless they can be justified as being the
105:
606:
264:
627:
660:
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88:
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4. Capital letters (upper case) are necessary and sufficient for starting a
97:
148:
system) should then be used consistently through the text of the article.
95:
67:
373:
496:(simplified), not Bhoomi. As with 'ee'; the 'oo' may be misinterpreted.
311:
A formal transliteration is one that is written using the standardized
630:(Commonly and delightfully abbreviated "PTSD", or more commonly "PED")
50:-related topics and article titles, please follow these conventions.
268:
62:
Transliterated terms from Sanskrit and Pāli should take advantage of
200:
601:
For Buddhist articles, transliterations from Chinese should be in
63:
642:
645:. Choose "roman" for your language, and "html" for your output.
602:
581:
573:
377:
288:
284:
280:
199:-derived scripts. The languages that use these scripts include
335:
1. All instances of the vowalic 'ṛ' (ऋ) would be written ri.
160:
scheme within slashes. E.g., Krishna (कृष्ण, pronunciation: /
421:
216:
204:
77:
353:
Dushasana (दुश्शासन), not Dushshasana (Duśśāsana in IAST)
427:
7. In simplified scheme, it is recommended that all the
368:
Chhatraketu (छत्रकेतु, son of Lakshmana), not Chatraketu
94:
to tag IAST transliterations,eg. {{IAST|]}} appears as
110:
Each Dharmic article should be named according to its
548:
Angīras (अंगीरस् / अङ्गीरस्) (Masc. Sing.)→ Angīrasas
636:
Monier Monier-Williams's Sanskrit-English dictionary
435:. The letter अं may alternatively be transcribed as
27:
This page is currently inactive and is retained for
658:
119:
315:transliteration for Sanskrit, or by using the
141:
129:
560:apostrophe symbol from the Insert Box below.
545:Upanishad (उपनिषद्) (Simplified) → Upanishads
279:. Examples of such words or names include
133:
111:
115:
317:National Library at Kolkata romanization
339:Krishna (कृष्ण), not Krsna (IAST Kṛṣṇa}
190:For the purposes of this convention, a
672:Knowledge naming conventions proposals
659:
615:Knowledge:Naming conventions (Chinese)
123:
380:scheme of transliteration, which is
15:
13:
342:Rig (ऋग्) (veda), not Rg (IAST ṛg)
173:script and IPA equivalents should
14:
683:
564:Existing primary transliterations
394:The dot below t, d and n for the
350:Shiva (शिव), not Siva (IAST Śiva)
19:
556:. It is recommended to use the
542:Brahmin (Anglicized) → Brahmins
140:Where alternative spellings or
1:
628:Pāli Text Society Dictionary
594:in that context rather than
365:Chandra (चन्द्र), not Candra
181:Terminology and definitions.
7:
577:- (was āshrama in Sanskrit)
96:
68:
10:
688:
643:Online interface to itrans
622:Links to outside resources
330:simplified transliteration
324:Simplified transliteration
120:simplified transliteration
66:diacritics; for example, "
54:Naming and Transliteration
443:Informal transliterations
287:and its Pali equivalent,
142:informal transliterations
130:Informal transliterations
82:template-based shortcuts
301:primary transliteration
295:Primary transliteration
134:primary transliteration
112:primary transliteration
667:Inactive project pages
307:Formal transliteration
156:for the word(s) using
154:phonetic transcription
116:formal transliteration
554:the Veda’s philosophy
502:(पार्वती ) (IAST) or
585:- (original avatāra)
177:be put in italics.
518:(दशरथ ) (IAST) or
492:(भूमि ) (IAST) or
396:retroflex plosives
384:recommended here.
362:Inc (इंक), not Ink
482:(भीम ) (IAST) or
458:original language
452:Original language
124:original language
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37:village pump
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652:Itranslator
374:proper noun
661:Categories
607:Wade–Giles
520:Dasharatha
80:. Several
74:ā
46:In naming
31:reference.
29:historical
516:Daśaratha
412:Take the
269:Malayalam
539:"Vedās".
465:Examples
277:Balinese
233:Assamese
229:Gujarati
225:Maithili
209:Kashmiri
201:Sanskrit
592:ashrama
504:Parvati
500:Pārvatī
273:Sinhala
253:Kannada
249:Konkani
245:Marathi
237:Bengali
213:Punjabi
170:Krishna
69:Nirvāṇa
64:Unicode
48:Dharmic
605:, not
603:Pinyin
596:ashram
582:avatar
574:ashram
558:proper
510:Lalita
378:ITRANS
289:dhamma
285:dharma
281:Vishnu
257:Telugu
221:Nepali
197:Brāhmī
162:krˌʂɳə
106:Policy
98:Pāṇini
494:Bhumi
490:Bhūmi
484:Bhima
480:Bhīma
474:Gauri
422:Hindi
265:Tamil
241:Oriya
217:Hindi
118:or a
613:See
456:The
313:IAST
261:Tulu
205:Pali
89:IAST
78:IAST
529:and
382:not
175:not
158:IPA
126:.
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86:{{
437:m
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39:.
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