Knowledge:Close paraphrasing

1628:, the United States Supreme Court noted that factual compilations of information may be protected with respect to "selection and arrangement, so long as they are made independently by the compiler and entail a minimal degree of creativity," as "he compilation author typically chooses which facts to include, in what order to place them, and how to arrange the collected data so that they may be used effectively by readers"; the Court also indicated that "originality is not a stringent standard; it does not require that facts be presented in an innovative or surprising way" and that "he vast majority of works make the grade quite easily, as they possess some creative spark, 'no matter how crude, humble or obvious' it might be."( 573:, Knowledge editors should not use unpublished work (note: unpublished work in public collections may be suitable). With published work, biased statements of opinion should be attributed in the text either to the author or the publication or both. It is sometimes relevant for an article to include a short quotation such as a significant statement made by the subject of the article or a notable comment about the subject. In these cases a verbatim quotation should be given rather than a paraphrase. Quotations should be used sparingly, typically only if the information within cannot be conveyed otherwise. They should be clearly identified and formatted as defined in 1108:

slaveholding nations." In addition to the substantial number of life histories it contains, the most compelling feature of the collection is the composition of the sample of people who made up its informants. Although not a representative sample of the slave population, they were a remarkably diverse and inclusive cross-section of former slaves. Those whose voices are included in the collection ranged in age from one to fifty at the time of emancipation in 1865, which meant that more than two-thirds were over eighty when they were interviewed. Source:

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Administration (WPA) and assembled and microfilmed in 1941 as the seventeen-volume Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves. This online collection is a joint presentation of the Manuscript and Prints and Photographs Divisions of the Library of Congress and includes more than 200 photographs from the Prints and Photographs Division that are now made available to the public for the first time. Born in Slavery was made possible by a major gift from the Citigroup Foundation. Source:

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instructions on how to fix errors of this sort. The spaces for examples from the editor's inappropriate text are provided because even experienced or good faith editors may not recognize where the issues lie without them. If there is a passage of several consecutive sentences which is a continuous close paraphrase, this may alone be a sufficient demonstration. Otherwise, showing the pattern in several separated sentences is typically better than offering one, brief example.

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fifty years of age when they obtained their freedom in 1865. Over 500 black and white photographs were taken of interview subjects. The Library of Congress Manuscript and Print and Photograph Divisions assembled a seventeen-volume collection from the set, called "Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936–1938." David Brion Davis, a historian, claimed that the large collection "is indisputably unique among former slaveholding nations."

604:, while a close paraphrase of one paragraph of a two-paragraph article might be considered a serious violation. Editors must therefore take particular care when writing an article, or a section of an article, that has much the same scope as a single source. The editor must be especially careful in these cases to extract the facts alone and present the facts in plain language, without carrying forward anything that could be considered "creative expression". 566:" of an author are independent of copyright ownership. They include the author's right to control first publication of a work; the author's right to be attributed or to remain anonymous; the author's right for the work to be published without distortion or mutilation. As with copyright, moral rights apply to creative expression but not to mere facts. Respecting moral rights can help ensure that Knowledge content can be reused as widely as possible. 116: 21: 1216: 414: 1096:

Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration (WPA). They were aggregated and microfilmed in 1941 as the seventeen-volume Slave Narratives: A Folk History of Slavery in the United States from Interviews with Former Slaves. The collection is a united effort of the Manuscript and Prints and Photographs Divisions of the Library of Congress. Citigroup Foundation made the Born in Slavery possible by a major gift.

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second sentence. Just two short sentences are close to the sources. For these reasons the close paraphrasing should be acceptable. Note, however, that closely paraphrasing extensively from a non-free source may be a copyright problem, even if it is difficult to find different means of expression. The more extensively we rely on this exception, the more likely we are to run afoul of compilation protection.

1341:, we can use the original text with proper attribution. If you can resolve it that way, please let me know if you need assistance with those directions. Otherwise, so that we can be sure it does not constitute a derivative work, this article should be rewritten; there is a link to a temporary space for that purpose in the instructions which now appear in place of the article. The essay 96: 1247:, which may require removing the paraphrasing content until it can be repaired. Unless close paraphrasing is immediately obvious, it is good practice to cite specific passages alongside the corresponding passage from the source on the talk page to highlight their similarity; this will provide objective evidence of close paraphrasing. 619:

identical words. What looks like copying or close paraphrasing may thus be accidental. These similarities are more likely to exist where content is less creative and more formulaic. Independent creation is less likely when there is evidence that the source was consulted or close following is extensive.

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The first is a simple statement of fact and should be acceptable. The second carries over the figurative expressions "looms through" and "like a red omen", so presumably is not acceptable despite using completely different words from the original. But even if you only carry across statements of fact,

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In this example, the wording of the article is very close to that of both sources. However, the article merely presents standard facts for a topic like this in standard sequence. The article does not copy any creative words or phrases, similes or metaphors, and makes an effort at paraphrasing in the

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There is no reasonable alternative way of expressing the idea, and since ideas are not subject to copyright the term is also not protected. However, if different sources use different terms for the concept, it may be best for the article to use a different term from the source or to include the term

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Translation from a foreign language is a form of paraphrase, since all the words or phrases have been replaced with equivalent English-language words or phrases. This may or may not be acceptable, depending on whether any creative expression – anything other than simple statements of fact – has been

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and was still protected by copyright, it would be acceptable to say that the llama is an animal with a shaggy coat, and perhaps that it has a long neck. These are facts. But use of the phrases "indolent expression" and "undulating throat" might violate copyright. The original choice of words is part

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One of the key factors in the creation of inadvertent close paraphrasing is starting with text taken directly from the source. The word choice and style can easily resurface since it is foremost in our minds. An approach to ensure that information is fully understood and formed into unique thoughts

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Although facts are not subject to copyright, a selection or arrangement of facts may be considered creative and therefore protected. For example, an alphabetical list of states in the US giving their name, size and population cannot be copyrighted. However, a shorter list of states giving the name,

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between an article and a copyrighted source. This may exist when the creative expression in an important passage of the source has been closely paraphrased, even if it is a small portion of the source, or when paraphrasing is looser but covers a larger part of the source or covers "the heart" (the

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Summarize in your own words instead of closely paraphrasing. Closely paraphrased material that infringes on the copyright of its source material should be rewritten or deleted to avoid infringement, and to ensure that it complies with Knowledge policy. Public domain sources and CC BY-SA-compatible

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Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936–1938 contains more than 2,300 first-person accounts of slavery and 500 black-and-white photographs of former slaves. These narratives were collected in the 1930s as part of the Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress

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Quotation from non-free sources may be appropriate when the exact words in the source are relevant to the article, not just the facts or ideas given by the source. Examples may include statements made by a person discussed in the article; brief excerpts from a poem, song, or book described in the

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of Belloc's creative expression. Going further, the simile "like an unsuccessful literary man" is also creative, and is also protected. A clumsy paraphrase like "resembling a failed writer" might violate copyright even though the words are entirely different. More than the facts have been copied.

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Knowledge's primary concern is with the legal constraints imposed by copyright law. Close paraphrasing of the creative expression in a non-free copyrighted source is likely to be an infringement of the copyright of the source. In many countries close paraphrasing may be also seen as mutilation or

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to discuss your concerns with the contributor. Many people who paraphrase too closely are not intentionally infringing, but just don't know how to properly paraphrase. It might help to point them to this essay or to the references and resources listed here, which include some pointers for proper

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In the 1930s a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project, called Federal Writers' Project, was conducted to capture the history record of people born into slavery. At the time of the project 2/3rds of the more than 2,300 men and women interviewed were over the age of eighty, having been one to

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The Slave Narrative Collection provides a unique and virtually unsurpassed collective portrait of a historical population. Indeed, historian David Brion Davis has argued that the voluminous number of documented slave testimonies available in the United States "is indisputably unique among former

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article you wrote may be a problem under our copyright policies, since the text seems very closely paraphrased from . While facts are not copyrightable, creative elements of presentation – including both structure and language – are. For an example of close paraphrasing, consider the following:

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Substantial similarity is also immaterial when strong evidence exists that the content was created independently. An author may think they are being original when they write "Charles de Gaulle was a towering statesman", not realizing that many other authors have independently come up with these

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The US Copyright Office states that, "Copyright law does not protect names, titles, or short phrases or expressions... The Copyright Office cannot register claims to exclusive rights in brief combinations of words ... To be protected by copyright, a work must contain a certain minimum amount of

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This is an example; there are other passages that similarly follow quite closely. As a website that is widely read and reused, Knowledge takes copyright very seriously to protect the interests of the holders of copyright as well as those of the Wikimedia Foundation and our reusers. Knowledge's

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An exception would be when closely paraphrasing a compatibly licensed source that is not permissible as a citation. For instance, one may closely paraphrase another Knowledge article or use content from another compatibly licensed user-generated wiki, so long as the content meets core content

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A collection of more than 2,300 accounts of slavery taken directly from former slaves and 500 black-and-white photographs make up the Born in Slavery: Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936–1938. In the 1930s these narratives were compiled in the 1930s as part of the Federal

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It is acceptable to use a technical term such as "The War of the Spanish Succession" or "Relational Database Management System (RDBMS)" when the term is almost always used by sources that discuss the subject, and when such sources rarely use any other term. In this case, the technical term is

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But also "thick protection is the norm, but when there are very few articulable, concrete similarities based on protected aspects of a work and a limited number of ways in which the underlying ideas could be expressed differently, or where the only protectable aspect of a work is the 'unique

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The following example messages can be copied and pasted directly from this page, although you will need to fill in your own example close paraphrases as well as supplying the article's title and the source URL. The messages strive to avoid accusations while at the same time pointing to clear

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require that the content we take from non-free sources, aside from brief and clearly marked quotations, be rewritten from scratch. The article has been replaced with a notice of these copyright concerns that includes directions for resolving them. If the material can be verified to be

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There are a few specific situations when close paraphrasing is permitted. If information is gathered from the public domain or is free use content, close paraphrasing may be acceptable. In some instances it is helpful to capture the words as written, in which case the guidelines for

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There are other passages that similarly follow quite closely. As a website that is widely read and reused, Knowledge takes copyright very seriously to protect the interests of the holders of copyright as well as those of the Wikimedia Foundation and our reusers. Knowledge's

1505:. These may be of interest to editors. However, they may have inaccuracies or omissions, and Knowledge has a broader aim of providing material that may be used anywhere for any purpose, which imposes further restrictions that are defined in our policies and guidelines. 887:"A statement issued by the receiver, Deloitte's David Carson, confirmed that, of the 670 employees, 480 of them would be laid off" vs. "A statement from the receiver, David Carson of Deloitte, confirmed that 480 of the 670 employees have been made redundant". 375:– for example, by adding "John Smith wrote ...", together with a footnote containing the citation at the end of the clause, sentence or paragraph. Limited close paraphrasing is also appropriate if there are only a limited number of ways to say the same thing. 1153:

Unlike straightforward copyright violations, close paraphrasing is notoriously difficult to detect; frequently the contributor will add wiki syntax and write in the style of a Knowledge article (as indeed they should). Here are some ways you might detect it:

639:. While in this context, too, close paraphrasing of a single sentence is not as much of a concern, if a contributor closely paraphrases public domain or freely licensed content, they should explicitly acknowledge that content is closely paraphrased. (See 592:

authorship ... Names, titles, and other short phrases do not meet these requirements." However, if a source creatively combines, selects or arranges names, titles, short phrases or expressions, following it too closely may infringe on its copyright.

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Another potential problem arises when a contributor copies or closely paraphrases a biased source either purposefully or without understanding the bias. This can make the article appear to directly espouse the bias of the source, which violates our

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Close paraphrasing is also permitted when there are only a limited number of ways to say the same thing. This may be the case when there is no reasonable way to avoid using technical terms, and may also be the case with simple statements of fact.

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Look for disjointed and sudden changes in the tone, vocabulary, and style of content introduced by the same contributor. For example, "The cat is a small predatory carnivorous species of crepuscular mammal. Housecats like to kill mice and

1349:, while about plagiarism rather than copyright concerns, also contains some suggestions for reusing material from sources that may be helpful, beginning under "Avoiding plagiarism". Please let me know if you have questions about this. -- 2268: 672:

apply. Lastly, there may be some instances where it's difficult to paraphrase because of the nature of the content; in such cases, there are a couple of tips below about how to limit the degree of close paraphrasing to avoid issues.

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template is used, since rewriting can be done on the spot rather than in a temporary page. You may use this example verbatim, if you wish, but may and should modify it if it is not completely appropriate to the circumstances.

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Look for redundant content; this may be a sign that two or more sources were closely paraphrased. For example, "The cat is a small predatory carnivorous species of crepuscular mammal. Like many pets, domestic cats are

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Examine the talk pages of major contributors and other pages where they have written in their own words, and determine if their article contributions substantially differ in tone, structure, and vocabulary from these

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Names or titles of people, organizations, books, films and so on may be given in full: the US Copyright Office states that, "Copyright law does not protect names, titles, or short phrases or expressions... ."

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that makes clear whose words or ideas are being used (e.g. "John Smith wrote that ...") or may include more general attribution that indicates the material originates from a free source, either as part of an

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template, which can be customized to identify the source and to indicate if the source is public domain, to mark it for cleanup (and usually one would also open a talk page discussion about the matter):

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an excessive amount of material directly from other sources. Although in legal terms it's not possible to have close paraphrasing of a work without copyright protection, Knowledge's own rules require

911:"Local Sinn Féin Councillor Joe Kelly was amongst those who occupied the visitors' gallery" vs. "Local Sinn Féin Councillor Joe Kelly, who is one of those currently occupying the visitors' gallery". 1649:

selection and arrangement' of otherwise unprotectable elements, a work is entitled only to 'thin' protection, where 'virtually identical copying' is required to support a finding of infringement." [

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article; or significant opinions about the subject of the article. Quotation should not, however, be treated as an alternative to extracting facts and presenting them in plain language. Thus:

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To properly paraphrase content, you review information from reliable sources, extract the salient points, and use your own words, style and sentence structure to draft text for an article.

903:"there was a minor scuffle during which the main door to the visitors' centre was damaged" vs. "There were some scuffles at one point and a main door to the visitors' centre was damaged". 3333: 2928: 4368: 1119:

Correcting issues – step 2) Read source information, preferably taking notes to extract essential points, and write a summary in your own words, thereby producing an acceptable version.

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Limited close paraphrasing is appropriate within reason, as is quoting, so long as the material does not violate copyrights and is cited and (for biased statements of opinion) clearly

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also contains some suggestions for reusing material from sources that may be helpful, beginning under "Avoiding plagiarism". Please let me know if you have questions about this. --

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In this example, Knowledge's article text is an attempt at paraphrasing the source. However, almost all of the original word choice, word order and sentence structure is retained.

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require that the content we take from non-free sources, aside from brief and clearly marked quotations, be rewritten from scratch. So that we can be sure it does not constitute a

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The structure of Knowledge's statement is essentially the same as the original. Changing a single word and slightly reordering one phrase is not enough to constitute a paraphrase.

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Gather related items from the multiple sources and explain it to yourself: The point is to rephrase or summarize a body of information in your own words and sentence structure.

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An example of closely paraphrased simple statements of fact is given by a biography that relies on two sources for the basic outline. The sources and the article start with:

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In some limited cases, close paraphrasing may be an acceptable way of writing an article. For example, many Knowledge articles are (or were) based on text from the 1911

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permits the use of the material. Knowledge deliberately adopts a narrower limitation and exception from copyright than fair use. Our policy and guideline are set out at

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The structure of this version is essentially the same as the original. Changing a few words and slightly reordering phrases is not enough to constitute a paraphrase.

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when they powerfully illustrate a point for your article. Overuse can result in a disjointed article and may breach copyright. (Extensive quotations are forbidden by

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The employees say they will not be leaving until they meet with Mr. Carson. There were some scuffles at one point and a main door to the visitors' centre was damaged

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Under US copyright law, however, substantial similarity does not always indicate infringement. It does not indicate infringement, for instance, where the doctrine of

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template is used instead. You may use this example verbatim, if you wish, but may and should modify it if it is not completely appropriate to the circumstances.

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Insert a dispute template and/or engage in a copyright-infringement discussion: Your approach here may depend upon the extensiveness of the issues you discover.

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The workers responded angrily to this unexpected decision and at least 100 of them began an unofficial sit-in in the visitors' gallery at the factory that night.

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material to be cited. Public domain material may have in-text attribution where appropriate. If the source material bears a free copyright license that is

895:"They insisted they would refuse to leave until they had met with Carson" vs. "The employees say they will not be leaving until they meet with Mr. Carson". 545:

size and population as before, but ranked as the "top most livable states" would be subject to copyright. The selection and ranking is considered creative.

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sources may be closely paraphrased, and limited close paraphrasing of copyrighted sources may also be permitted as fair use. Attribution is always required.

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This slight rewording does not change the fact that the underlying structure and language are the same. Minor changes, such as "was amongst those" --: -->

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and produces a well-rounded understanding of the topic. It also makes it less likely that your end result will follow too closely on any one source.

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illustrates a common way in which people closely paraphrase content; this one demonstrates how to properly synthesize and paraphrase information.

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The best way to prevent close paraphrasing is to understand clearly when it is a problem, how to avoid it, and how to address it when it appears.

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Article: John Smith was born on 2 February 1949 in Hartford, Connecticut... He studied medicine at State University, and earned an MD in 1973.

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Take short phrases from the article and put them in a search engine. Take a look at the results and see if they closely resemble the article.

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However, if you believe that the close paraphrasing in question is so close that it infringes copyright, instead follow the instructions at

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The Llama is a woolly sort of fleecy hairy goat, with an indolent expression and an undulating throat; like an unsuccessful literary man.

1605:(template) – User warning which can be left on the talk page of an editor who paraphrases copyrighted material too closely on Knowledge. 4343: 2788: 2163: 1877: 1285:

The following example was engineered for cases when the paraphrasing is close enough to require blanking of the article and listing at

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Source1: John Smith was born in Hartford, Connecticut on February 2nd 1949... He attended State University, obtaining an M.D. in 1973.

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Your approach may vary depending upon the severity of the concern. Here are a couple of ways to manage close-paraphrase concerns.

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Consider the following example of a close paraphrase (unacceptable version) and ways to correct it to make an acceptable version:

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It is of course also necessary that other requirements for copyright violation also exist, such as being a "substantial" taking.

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Source2: John Smith was born on 2 February 1949 in Hartford... He graduated with a medical degree from State University in 1973.

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This example was engineered for cases when the paraphrasing is not enough of a concern to require blanking and listing and the

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or as a general notice in the article's "References" section (for further information on how to attribute free sources, see

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Facts and ideas cannot be protected by copyright, but creative expression is protected. The test of creativity is minimal.

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The structure of this sentence is the same as the original with too much similarity within the structure of the paragraph.

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This version brings together information from two sources, without maintaining the previous sentence structure or style.

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Allow time between note-taking and drafting to clear your mind of the original diction and better paraphrase the content.

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Bringing in other sources helps to ensure that there's a good understanding of the topic and a neutral point of view.

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After material has been written, return to the source to double check for content and properly paraphrased language.

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the more you translate and the more closely you translate, the more likely you are to create a copyright problem.

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This page provides additional information about concepts in the page(s) it supplements. This page is not one of

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When using a close paraphrase legitimately, citing a source is in most cases required and highly recommended.

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There are legal, ethical, and organizational standard considerations regarding the use of close paraphrasing.

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taken from the foreign-language source. For example, consider two translations from the Turkish language:

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Collect information from multiple sources. This will have several benefits: it promotes a tone with a

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Local Sinn Féin Councillor Joe Kelly, who is one of those currently occupying the visitors' gallery

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Short catchphrases, slogans or mottos may also be reproduced where relevant to the discussion.

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Local Sinn Féin Councillor Joe Kelly was amongst those who occupied the visitors' gallery."

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Limited quotation from non-free copyrighted sources is allowed, as discussed in Knowledge's

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Knowledge:FAQ/Copyright § Can I add something to Knowledge that I got from somewhere else?

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so long as the source is attributed as part of the citation or at the end of the article.

8: 4553: 4163: 3732: 3707: 3686: 3066: 2698: 2490: 2055: 1575: 916:"currently occupying", are not enough to constitute an original rewriting of the passage. 437: 1434:

A number of Knowledge policies and guidelines are relevant to this essay. They include:

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there was a minor scuffle during which the main door to the visitors' centre was damaged

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contains some suggestions for rewriting that may help avoid these issues. The article

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contains some suggestions for rewriting that may help avoid these issues. The article

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Start off by taking notes of essential information only, excluding the use of phrases.

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Assume that everyone's assuming good faith, assuming that you are assuming good faith

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Right: Churchill said, "I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat."

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most essential content). A close paraphrase of one sentence from a book may be of

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Note: All text in these examples is dedicated by its authors to the public domain

1083: 1447:– policy that describes general principles that apply to use of copyrighted work 1015:

Don't paraphrase information in the same order it was presented from the source.

745:. To avoid this risk, Knowledge keeps this—like other non-free content—minimal. 421:

way to violate copyright or plagiarize. Close paraphrasing can be a problem too.

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and describes when non-free material may be used under the "fair use" principle

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Words or ideas do not follow the same pattern and order as the source material.

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Information has been gathered from several sources and distilled in your words.

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Knowledge does not have an official policy regarding moral rights of authors.

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Feist Publications, Inc., v. Rural Telephone Service Co., 499 U.S. 340 (1991)

987: 726: 693: 428: 391: 1557:(talk page) – Discussion of paraphrase and abridgement, a copyright concern. 3430:

Don't accuse someone of a personal attack for accusing of a personal attack

1838: 1231:. Ideas in this article should be expressed in an original manner. See the 710: 628: 548: 1667: 869:

They insisted they would refuse to leave until they had met with Carson.

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for an example of an unusable paraphrase repaired to become acceptable.

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Paraphrasing rises to the level of copyright infringement when there is

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Don't overuse shortcuts to policy and guidelines to win your argument

1901: 1691: 738: 574: 1453:– policy that describes copyright violations and how to address them 1215: 1581:(article) – Sometimes there are only so many ways to say something. 1490: 608: 434:

distortion of an author's work, infringing on their moral rights.

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Criticisms of society may be consistent with NPOV and reliability

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Look for content that resembles content included in a quotation.

1776:. The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University 1651:

https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2447394-jerseyboys.html

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Knowledge is not here to tell the world about your noble cause

1609: 733:), and quotations of biased statements of opinion should have 378:

Close paraphrasing without in-text attribution may constitute

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The structure and language of the two sentences are the same.

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When there are a limited number of ways to say the same thing

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Not every single thing Donald Trump does deserves an article

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Most people who disagree with you on content are not vandals

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If this somewhat dubious source was used for the article on

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Don't demand that editors solve the problems they identify

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Drop the stick and back slowly away from the horse carcass

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What to do if your article gets tagged for speedy deletion

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Children's lit, adult new readers, & large-print books

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Several Knowledge articles discuss related topics such as

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Knowledge:Plagiarism § Copying material from free sources

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is to isolate the essential information by taking notes.

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Knowledge:Plagiarism § Copying material from free sources

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illustrates creative expression in his description of a

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How many Wikipedians does it take to change a lightbulb?

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Knowledge:Quotations § Copyrighted material and fair use

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How to put up a straight pole by pushing it at an angle

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policies. Attribution may be required, as explained at

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Knowledge talk:Copyrights/Archive 12 § Derivative works

1289:. It would not be appropriate for situations where the 3931:

No amount of editing can overcome a lack of notability

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Don't make a smarmy valediction part of your signature

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Knowledge is not being written in an organized fashion

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There's no need to guess someone's preferred pronouns

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Don't demolish the house while it's still being built

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Correcting issues – step 1) Bring in other source(s).

1981:

Editing Knowledge is like visiting a foreign country

1729:, but citing it is a source might be against policy. 1379:

article you contributed to has parts which are very

806:considered to be "merged" with the idea expressed. 729:. Quotations must always have inline citations (see 1267:

Example approaches to discussing with other editors

4640:Difference between policies, guidelines and essays 4419:Newcomers are delicious, so go ahead and bite them 1591:Knowledge:Plot-only description of fictional works 1903:Essays on building, editing, and deleting content 760:reviewer found the film "pretentious and boring". 4718: 2764:Arguments to avoid in image deletion discussions 2709:We shouldn't be able to figure out your opinions 2461:Not every story/event/disaster needs a biography 531:"The sun looms through the haze like a red omen" 4439:No climbing the Reichstag dressed as Spider-Man 4169:Ain't no rules says a dog can't play basketball 3846:Drafts are not checked for notability or sanity 2486:Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area 1991:Eight simple rules for editing our encyclopedia 4121:Knowledge is not the place to post your résumé 3866:Extracting the meaning of significant coverage 3032:High-functioning autism and Asperger's editors 2799:Counting and sorting are not original research 1740:"Staff protest over Waterford Crystal closure" 1692:Bruce P. Keller and Jeffrey P. Cunard (2001). 398:, copying or closely paraphrasing it is not a 121:For information on copy and pasting text, see 2829:Don't confuse stub status with non-notability 2111:The role of policies in collaborative anarchy 1871: 1625:Feist Publications v. Rural Telephone Service 330: 4359:Seven Ages of Editor, by Will E. Spear-Shake 3123:An uncivil environment is a poor environment 2849:How to save an article proposed for deletion 2126:We are absolutely here to right great wrongs 2066:POV and OR from editors, sources, and fields 2041:Not editing because of Knowledge restriction 1573: 1383:from . This can be a problem under both our 1005:Add inline citations in accordance with the 680:Public domain or compatibly-licensed content 386:, which forbids Knowledge contributors from 358:summarize source material in their own words 3891:Inclusion is not an indicator of notability 2611:Understanding Knowledge's content standards 1229:of one or more non-free copyrighted sources 637:Knowledge's guideline related to plagiarism 4584:You don't have to be mad to work here, but 3971:Notability is not relevance or reliability 3926:News coverage does not decrease notability 3836:Discriminate vs indiscriminate information 3786:Arguments to avoid in deletion discussions 2779:Before commenting in a deletion discussion 2754:Arguments to avoid in deletion discussions 1878: 1864: 1839:WMF legal's comments on close paraphrasing 1549:Knowledge:FAQ/Copyright § Derivative works 337: 323: 4479:Please be a giant dick, so we can ban you 2769:Arguments to make in deletion discussions 2389:Identifying and using independent sources 635:, close paraphrasing may be at odds with 123:Knowledge:Copying text from other sources 4645:Don't cite essays as if they were policy 3806:Big events make key participants notable 3754: 2369:Formatting bilateral relations templates 1885: 1815:"How to Paraphrase Without Plagiarizing" 1774:"Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words" 1034:are used appropriately and infrequently. 915:"is one of those" and "occupied" --: --> 412: 4693:How to contribute to Knowledge guidance 4309:Don't abbreviate "Knowledge" as "Wiki"! 4056:Solutions are mixtures and nothing else 3961:Notability is not a level playing field 3876:How the presumption of notability works 2992:Contributing to complicated discussions 2844:How the presumption of notability works 2364:Formatting bilateral relations articles 2179:Adding images improves the encyclopedia 1696:. Practising Law Institute. p. §11–41. 690:Knowledge:1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica 4719: 4589:You should not write meaningless lists 3886:Historical/Policy/Notability/Arguments 3193:Staying cool when the editing gets hot 2960: 2934:When in doubt, hide it in the woodwork 2759:Arguments to avoid in deletion reviews 2324:Don't hope the house will build itself 2101:Ten Simple Rules for Editing Knowledge 1931:All Five Pillars are equally important 1850:How to Paraphrase Without Plagiarizing 1844:Paraphrase: Write it in Your Own Words 1817:. Colorado State University. 1993–2011 1772:Purdue OWL contributors (2010-04-21). 1479:Knowledge:Manual of Style § Quotations 4609: 4146: 4016:One sentence does not an article make 3966:Notability is not a matter of opinion 3753: 3682:You can't squeeze blood from a turnip 3595:Don't throw your toys out of the pram 3113:A weak personal attack is still wrong 3052:Obsessive–compulsive disorder editors 2959: 2684:Don't throw more litter onto the pile 2451:Minors and persons judged incompetent 2214:An unfinished house is a real problem 2199:Alternatives to the "Expand" template 1900: 1859: 1765: 1694:Copyright Law: A Practitioner's Guide 1585:Knowledge:How to write a plot summary 1072: 1069: 1066: 727:non-free content policy and guideline 655:When is close paraphrasing permitted? 4549:Things that should not be surprising 4244:Bad Jokes and Other Deleted Nonsense 3570:Don't remind others of past misdeeds 3515:Don't come down like a ton of bricks 3500:Don't call people by their real name 3178:Profanity, civility, and discussions 2586:There are no shortcuts to neutrality 1537:Paraphrasing of copyrighted material 1521:"Let's get serious about plagiarism" 1503:paraphrasing of copyrighted material 1209: 1084:Born in Slavery, Library of Congress 1054:Example: close paraphrasing repaired 396:compatible with Knowledge's licenses 275:Contributor copyright investigations 249:Guidance for text copyright problems 110: 90: 15: 4444:No one cares about your garage band 4147: 4096:What is and is not routine coverage 3941:No one cares about your garage band 3861:Existence does not prove notability 3279:Assume the assumption of good faith 3208:There is no Divine Right of Editors 3062:Relationships with academic editors 2924:Why was the page I created deleted? 2359:Featured articles may have problems 1807: 1457:Knowledge:Non-free content criteria 13: 4489:Please do not murder the newcomers 4046:Reducing consensus to an algorithm 3530:Don't drink the consensus Kool-Aid 3253:Knowledge should not be a monopoly 2744:Adjectives in your recommendations 2631:Knowledge is not a reliable source 2621:What an article should not include 2511:The problem with elegant variation 2319:Don't get hung up on minor details 1487:Copyright law of the United States 51:thoroughly vetted by the community 47:Knowledge's policies or guidelines 14: 4738: 3811:Businesses with a single location 3092:You have a right to remain silent 2541:Restoring part of a reverted edit 2496:Potential, not just current state 2426:Ignore STRONGNAT for date formats 475:More Beasts: (for Worse Children) 4610: 3560:Don't knit beside the guillotine 3555:Don't ignore community consensus 2789:Confusing arguments mean nothing 1760:2008–2009 Irish financial crisis 1673:. United States Copyright Office 1430:Relevant policies and guidelines 1214: 627:Even when content is verifiably 114: 94: 19: 4061:Sources must be out-of-universe 3776:All high schools can be notable 3173:Old-fashioned Wikipedian values 2859:Identifying blatant advertising 2641:The world will not end tomorrow 2626:Knowledge is a work in progress 2471:Not everything needs a template 2384:How to write a featured article 2001:External criticism of Knowledge 1986:Editors will sometimes be wrong 930:How to write acceptable content 239:Requesting copyright permission 234:Copying text from other sources 4650:Avoid writing redundant essays 4569:What Knowledge is not/Outtakes 4299:Don't stuff beans up your nose 4174:Akin's Laws of Article Writing 4001:Obscurity ≠ Lack of notability 3951:Notability cannot be purchased 3911:Masking the lack of notability 3248:Knowledge is not about winning 2674:Copyediting reception sections 2576:Temporary versions of articles 2506:Principle of Some Astonishment 2294:Creating controversial content 2194:Akin's Laws of Article Writing 1752: 1732: 1718: 1709: 1685: 1660: 1642: 1616: 1451:Knowledge:Copyright violations 1439:Knowledge:No original research 1044:The example above on this page 34:Knowledge:Copyright violations 1: 4676:About policies and guidelines 4429:List of jokes about Knowledge 3791:Articles with a single source 3238:Two wrongs don't make a right 3228:The rules of polite discourse 3158:It's not the end of the world 2919:Knowledge is not Whack-A-Mole 2466:Not everything needs a navbox 2334:Don't "teach the controversy" 2146:Knowledge is not RationalWiki 2006:Here to build an encyclopedia 1139:Knowledge:The perfect article 923: 229:Donating copyrighted material 4727:Knowledge supplemental pages 4259:BOLD, revert, revert, revert 4179:Alternatives to edit warring 3042:Maintaining a friendly space 2136:Knowledge is an encyclopedia 1465:– guideline that expands on 1287:Knowledge:Copyright problems 1043: 649:neutral point of view policy 7: 4544:The Five Pillars of Untruth 4539:The first rule of Knowledge 4334:Editing under the influence 4111:Knowledge is not Crunchbase 3871:Google searches and numbers 3590:Don't template the regulars 3505:Don't call the kettle black 3299:Be excellent to one another 3183:Revert notification opt-out 3087:We are all Wikipedians here 2536:Put a little effort into it 2481:Obtain peer review comments 2436:Introduction to structurism 2374:Fruit of the poisonous tree 2344:Editors are not mindreaders 2249:BOLD, revert, discuss cycle 2239:Beef up that first revision 2011:Leave it to the experienced 1976:Don't search for objections 1852:, Colorado State University 1543:Idea–expression distinction 1144:Existing close paraphrasing 698:work of the U.S. government 692:). If the source is in the 10: 4743: 4574:Why not create an account? 4509:Requirements for adminship 4384:How to vandalize correctly 4314:Don't delete the main page 4234:Avoid using preview button 3956:Notability comparison test 3540:Don't fight fire with fire 3535:Don't eat the troll's food 3495:Don't call a spade a spade 3490:Don't bludgeon the process 3339:Encourage full discussions 3188:Shadowless Fists of Death! 2824:Don't attack the nominator 2784:But there must be sources! 2606:Try not to leave it a stub 2556:Source your plot summaries 1715:Keller and Cunard, §11–40. 1463:Knowledge:Non-free content 1136: 1117: 1102: 1090: 1076: 968:Record the source for the 935: 871:Following the revelations, 775: 721:Quotation of non-free text 660: 613:Knowledge:Non-free content 584: 552: 528:"Istanbul is a large city" 504: 441: 224:Frequently asked questions 154:Copyright violation policy 58: 4668: 4622: 4618: 4605: 4524:Sarcasm is really helpful 4464:Notability is not eternal 4389:How to win a citation war 4159: 4155: 4142: 3851:Every snowflake is unique 3771:Advanced source searching 3766: 3762: 3749: 3695: 3652:No, you can't have a pony 3600:Do not insult the vandals 3460:Don't be high-maintenance 3402: 3266: 3100: 3017:Encouraging the newcomers 2972: 2968: 2955: 2732: 2659: 2561:Specialized-style fallacy 2526:Pruning article revisions 2354:Endorsements (commercial) 2339:Editing on mobile devices 2244:Blind men and an elephant 2219:Articles have a half-life 2154: 1966:Dissent is not disloyalty 1936:Avoid vague introductions 1913: 1909: 1896: 1252:Notice to the contributor 739:guidelines for quotations 540:Selection and arrangement 301:Media copyright questions 159:Reusing Knowledge content 4534:The Night Before Wikimas 4399:Ignore every single rule 4374:How to get away with UPE 4254:Before they were notable 4026:Overreliance upon Google 3821:Common sourcing mistakes 3394:Settle the process first 3354:Imagine others complexly 3258:Writing for the opponent 3233:There is no common sense 2914:Unopposed AFD discussion 2899:Relisting can be abusive 2774:Avoid repeated arguments 2379:Give an article a chance 2229:Avoid mission statements 2189:Advanced text formatting 2184:Advanced article editing 2141:Knowledge is a community 2116:The rules are principles 2076:Product, process, policy 1926:Articles must be written 1373: 1302: 1223:This article or section 686:Encyclopaedia Britannica 198:Copying within Knowledge 102:This page in a nutshell: 4669:Policies and guidelines 4504:Requests for medication 4484:Please bite the newbies 4409:Mess with the templates 3976:Notability means impact 3510:Don't call things cruft 3485:Don't be the Fun Police 3415:Knowledge:Because I can 3294:Avoid the word "vandal" 3108:A thank you never hurts 2879:Liar liar pants on fire 2814:Deletion is not cleanup 2724:Writing better articles 2714:Write the article first 2689:Gender-neutral language 2661:Writing article content 2651:Writing better articles 2646:Write the article first 2581:Tertiary-source fallacy 2349:Encourage the newcomers 2309:Dictionaries as sources 2254:Build content to endure 633:compatible free license 4698:Policy writing is hard 4564:Knowledge is an MMORPG 4404:Is that even an essay? 4101:What notability is not 3856:Existence ≠ Notability 3465:Don't be inconsiderate 3389:Read before commenting 3374:Mind your own business 3289:Avoid personal remarks 2864:Identifying test edits 2209:A navbox on every page 2164:100K featured articles 1961:Concede lost arguments 1956:Competence is required 1603:Template:uw-paraphrase 1574: 1567:Substantial similarity 623:Knowledge's guidelines 597:substantial similarity 587:Substantial similarity 581:Substantial similarity 555:Knowledge:Moral rights 487: 422: 373:attributed in the text 311:Declaration of consent 4494:Pledge of Tranquility 4239:Avoid using wikilinks 4066:Subjective importance 3580:Don't spite your face 3369:Keep it down to earth 3133:Beware of the tigers! 3072:Too long; didn't read 3012:Edit at your own pace 2982:Accepting other users 2749:AfD is not a war zone 2096:There is no seniority 2036:Neutrality of sources 1653:Robert Jones, in the 1403:example from article 1321:example from article 1110:A Collective Portrait 977:neutral point of view 765:Bulgarian Butterflies 661:Further information: 585:Further information: 483: 416: 203:Public domain content 4660:Quote your own essay 4529:Sausages for tasting 4354:Five Fs of Knowledge 4304:Don't-give-a-fuckism 4274:CaPiTaLiZaTiOn MuCh? 4086:Vanispamcruftisement 3986:Notability sub-pages 3796:Avoid template creep 3756:Essays on notability 3672:There are no oracles 3455:Don't be a WikiBigot 3309:Call a spade a spade 3082:Unblock perspectives 2909:The Heymann Standard 2894:Overzealous deletion 2854:I just don't like it 2591:There is no deadline 2456:"Murder of" articles 2284:Common-style fallacy 2156:Article construction 2071:Process is important 2016:Levels of competence 1941:Be a reliable source 1597:Plagiarism detection 1531:Knowledge:Copy-paste 1515:Knowledge:Plagiarism 1473:Knowledge:Plagiarism 1445:Knowledge:Copyrights 1396:example from source 1314:example from source 1092:Unacceptable version 810:in a sourced quote. 763:Wrong: According to 631:or released under a 571:verifiability policy 296:Copyright assistance 270:Files for discussion 38:Knowledge:Plagiarism 4449:No one really cares 4364:Go ahead, vandalize 4126:Two prongs of merit 4071:Third-party sources 3991:Notabilitymandering 3946:No one really cares 3901:Inherent notability 3896:Independent sources 3781:Alternative outlets 3615:Nationalist editing 3585:Don't take the bait 3550:Don't help too much 3475:Don't be prejudiced 3445:Don't be an ostrich 3410:ALPHABETTISPAGHETTI 3143:Deletion as revenge 3118:Advice for hotheads 2939:No Encyclopedic Use 2819:Does deletion help? 2719:Writing about women 2601:The deadline is now 2596:There is a deadline 2476:Nothing is in stone 2106:Tendentious editing 2021:Levels of consensus 1846:, Purdue University 1375:Hi. I'm afraid the 1304:Hi. I'm afraid the 735:in-text attribution 706:in-text attribution 569:In accordance with 438:Creative expression 400:copyright violation 364:as required by the 306:File copyright tags 135:Knowledge copyright 49:as it has not been 4459:No sorcery threats 4339:Embrace Stop Signs 4219:Assume good wraith 4194:Anti-Wikipedianism 4031:Perennial websites 4021:Other stuff exists 3657:Passive aggression 3620:No angry mastodons 3610:Hate is disruptive 3470:Don't be obnoxious 3435:Don't be a fanatic 3213:Most ideas are bad 3153:Forgive and forget 2962:Essays on civility 2571:Run an edit-a-thon 2304:Deprecated sources 2279:Citation underkill 2264:Chesterton's fence 2234:Be neutral in form 2131:Knowledge in brief 2086:Reasonability rule 2051:Oversimplification 2026:Most ideas are bad 1799:has generic name ( 1758:Knowledge article 1525:Knowledge Signpost 1398:The article says: 1366:close paraphrasing 1316:The article says: 1294:close paraphrasing 1281:Extensive problems 1227:close paraphrasing 1201:Close paraphrasing 758:The New York Times 423: 417:Copying isn't the 350:Close paraphrasing 265:Copyright problems 244:Close paraphrasing 4714: 4713: 4710: 4709: 4706: 4705: 4601: 4600: 4597: 4596: 4579:Yes legal threats 4394:Ignore all essays 4279:Complete bollocks 4204:Asshole John rule 4138: 4137: 4134: 4133: 4091:What BLP1E is not 4011:One hundred words 3981:Notability points 3745: 3744: 3741: 3740: 3545:Don't give a fuck 3420:Civil POV pushing 3384:Mutual withdrawal 3274:Assume good faith 3243:Knowledge clichés 3138:Civility warnings 3057:Please say please 3007:Editors' pronouns 2951: 2950: 2947: 2946: 2839:Follow the leader 2704:Use our own words 2669:Avoid thread mode 2516:Pro and con lists 2274:Citation overkill 2224:Autosizing images 1946:Civil POV pushing 1240: 1239: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1129: 881: 880: 845:Close paraphrase 702:the Copyright FAQ 347: 346: 208:Non-US copyrights 129: 128: 109: 108: 88:Explanatory essay 86: 85: 30:explanatory essay 4734: 4655:Finding an essay 4620: 4619: 4607: 4606: 4269:Butterfly effect 4264:Boston Tea Party 4224:Assume stupidity 4209:Assume bad faith 4199:Articlecountitis 4157: 4156: 4144: 4143: 4076:Trivial mentions 3921:Minimum coverage 3764: 3763: 3751: 3750: 3450:Don't be ashamed 3329:Discussing cruft 3319:Deny recognition 3218:Nothing is clear 3027:Expect no thanks 2970: 2969: 2957: 2956: 2889:Nothing is clear 2736:deleting content 2419:Tertiary sources 2174:Acronym overkill 2046:The one question 1911: 1910: 1898: 1897: 1891: 1887:Knowledge essays 1880: 1873: 1866: 1857: 1856: 1826: 1825: 1823: 1822: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1798: 1794: 1792: 1784: 1782: 1781: 1769: 1763: 1756: 1750: 1749: 1747: 1746: 1736: 1730: 1722: 1716: 1713: 1707: 1706: 1689: 1683: 1682: 1680: 1678: 1672: 1664: 1658: 1646: 1640: 1638: 1620: 1579: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1409: 1404: 1402: 1397: 1395: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1370: 1364: 1357:Limited problems 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1327: 1322: 1320: 1315: 1313: 1307: 1298: 1292: 1245:Template:Copyvio 1218: 1210: 1205: 1199: 1196:You can use the 1186:Flag the problem 1064: 1063: 1050: 1049: 948: 876: 872: 868: 861: 857: 853: 839: 838: 788: 517: 461: 454: 384:copyright policy 362:inline citations 339: 332: 325: 193:Non-free content 149:Copyright policy 131: 130: 118: 117: 111: 98: 97: 91: 78: 71: 23: 22: 16: 4742: 4741: 4737: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4732: 4731: 4717: 4716: 4715: 4702: 4664: 4635:Value of essays 4614: 4593: 4424:Legal vandalism 4289:Counting juntas 4189:Anti-Wikipedian 4151: 4149:Humorous essays 4130: 4106:What to include 4051:Run-of-the-mill 4041:Read the source 4006:Offline sources 3801:Bare notability 3758: 3737: 3691: 3642:No Confederates 3440:Don't be a jerk 3398: 3364:Keep it concise 3304:Beyond civility 3262: 3096: 3037:How to be civil 3002:Don't retaliate 2964: 2943: 2874:Keep it concise 2809:Delete the junk 2804:Delete or merge 2794:Content removal 2728: 2694:Myth vs fiction 2655: 2546:Robotic editing 2409:Science sources 2404:Primary sources 2394:History sources 2169:Abandoned stubs 2150: 1921:Article content 1905: 1892: 1884: 1835: 1830: 1829: 1820: 1818: 1813: 1812: 1808: 1796: 1795: 1786: 1785: 1779: 1777: 1770: 1766: 1757: 1753: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1737: 1733: 1723: 1719: 1714: 1710: 1703: 1690: 1686: 1676: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1661: 1647: 1643: 1629: 1621: 1617: 1612: 1511: 1432: 1427: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1400: 1399: 1393: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1368: 1362: 1359: 1354: 1353: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1318: 1317: 1311: 1310: 1305: 1296: 1290: 1283: 1269: 1236: 1219: 1203: 1197: 1180: 1151: 1146: 1141: 1135: 1055: 952: 951: 946:WP:FIXCLOSEPARA 944: 940: 932: 874: 870: 866: 859: 855: 851: 834: 792: 791: 784: 780: 774: 731:WP:When to cite 723: 711:inline citation 682: 665: 657: 625: 589: 583: 557: 551: 542: 521: 520: 513: 509: 503: 465: 464: 457: 450: 446: 440: 431: 411: 366:sourcing policy 343: 178: 115: 95: 89: 82: 81: 74: 67: 63: 55: 54: 36:policy and the 20: 12: 11: 5: 4740: 4730: 4729: 4712: 4711: 4708: 4707: 4704: 4703: 4701: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4672: 4670: 4666: 4665: 4663: 4662: 4657: 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4626: 4624: 4616: 4615: 4603: 4602: 4599: 4598: 4595: 4594: 4592: 4591: 4586: 4581: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4541: 4536: 4531: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4496: 4491: 4486: 4481: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4416: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4396: 4391: 4386: 4381: 4376: 4371: 4366: 4361: 4356: 4351: 4346: 4341: 4336: 4331: 4329:Editsummarisis 4326: 4321: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4301: 4296: 4291: 4286: 4284:Counting forks 4281: 4276: 4271: 4266: 4261: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4241: 4236: 4231: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4211: 4206: 4201: 4196: 4191: 4186: 4181: 4176: 4171: 4166: 4160: 4153: 4152: 4140: 4139: 4136: 4135: 4132: 4131: 4129: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4053: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4033: 4028: 4023: 4018: 4013: 4008: 4003: 3998: 3993: 3988: 3983: 3978: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3953: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3933: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3893: 3888: 3883: 3878: 3873: 3868: 3863: 3858: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3841:Don't cite GNG 3838: 3833: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3816:But it's true! 3813: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3767: 3760: 3759: 3747: 3746: 3743: 3742: 3739: 3738: 3736: 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3715: 3713:WikiHarassment 3710: 3705: 3699: 3697: 3693: 3692: 3690: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3647:No queerphobia 3644: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3628: 3627: 3617: 3612: 3607: 3602: 3597: 3592: 3587: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3512: 3507: 3502: 3497: 3492: 3487: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3406: 3404: 3400: 3399: 3397: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3286: 3284:Assume no clue 3281: 3276: 3270: 3268: 3264: 3263: 3261: 3260: 3255: 3250: 3245: 3240: 3235: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3215: 3210: 3205: 3200: 3195: 3190: 3185: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3104: 3102: 3098: 3097: 3095: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3049: 3044: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3022:Enjoy yourself 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2978: 2976: 2966: 2965: 2953: 2952: 2949: 2948: 2945: 2944: 2942: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2921: 2916: 2911: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2846: 2841: 2836: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2786: 2781: 2776: 2771: 2766: 2761: 2756: 2751: 2746: 2740: 2738: 2735: 2730: 2729: 2727: 2726: 2721: 2716: 2711: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2691: 2686: 2681: 2676: 2671: 2665: 2663: 2657: 2656: 2654: 2653: 2648: 2643: 2638: 2633: 2628: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2608: 2603: 2598: 2593: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2551:Sham consensus 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2488: 2483: 2478: 2473: 2468: 2463: 2458: 2453: 2448: 2443: 2438: 2433: 2428: 2423: 2422: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2351: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2331: 2326: 2321: 2316: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2281: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2160: 2158: 2152: 2151: 2149: 2148: 2143: 2138: 2133: 2128: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2108: 2103: 2098: 2093: 2088: 2083: 2078: 2073: 2068: 2063: 2058: 2053: 2048: 2043: 2038: 2033: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1996:Explanationism 1993: 1988: 1983: 1978: 1973: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1917: 1915: 1907: 1906: 1894: 1893: 1883: 1882: 1875: 1868: 1860: 1854: 1853: 1847: 1841: 1834: 1833:External links 1831: 1828: 1827: 1806: 1764: 1751: 1731: 1717: 1708: 1701: 1684: 1659: 1641: 1614: 1613: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1600: 1594: 1588: 1582: 1576:Scènes à faire 1570: 1564: 1558: 1552: 1546: 1540: 1534: 1528: 1518: 1510: 1507: 1483: 1482: 1476: 1470: 1460: 1454: 1448: 1442: 1431: 1428: 1374: 1358: 1355: 1303: 1282: 1279: 1268: 1265: 1263:paraphrasing. 1261: 1256: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1248: 1238: 1237: 1222: 1220: 1213: 1208: 1207: 1190: 1189: 1187: 1179: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1171: 1167: 1164: 1160: 1150: 1147: 1145: 1142: 1132: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1115: 1112: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1088: 1086: 1079: 1075: 1074: 1071: 1068: 1057: 1056: 1053: 1048: 1041: 1040: 1039: 1038: 1035: 1029: 1019: 1018: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1003: 996:Write a draft 994: 993: 992: 991: 980: 973: 966: 950: 949: 941: 936: 931: 928: 920: 919: 918: 917: 909: 908: 907: 901: 900: 899: 893: 892: 891: 879: 878: 863: 847: 846: 843: 833: 830: 825: 824: 821: 818: 790: 789: 781: 776: 773: 770: 769: 768: 761: 754: 722: 719: 681: 678: 656: 653: 624: 621: 582: 579: 550: 547: 541: 538: 533: 532: 529: 519: 518: 510: 505: 502: 499: 471:Hilaire Belloc 463: 462: 455: 447: 442: 439: 436: 430: 427: 420: 410: 407: 359: 345: 344: 342: 341: 334: 327: 319: 316: 315: 314: 313: 308: 303: 298: 293: 285: 284: 280: 279: 278: 277: 272: 267: 259: 258: 254: 253: 252: 251: 246: 241: 236: 231: 226: 218: 217: 213: 212: 211: 210: 205: 200: 195: 187: 186: 182: 181: 180: 179: 177: 176: 170: 164: 163:License text ( 161: 156: 151: 143: 142: 138: 137: 127: 126: 119: 107: 106: 99: 87: 84: 83: 80: 79: 72: 64: 59: 56: 44: 43: 26: 24: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4739: 4728: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4687: 4684: 4682: 4679: 4678: 4677: 4674: 4673: 4671: 4667: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4651: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4641: 4638: 4636: 4633: 4631: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4621: 4617: 4613: 4608: 4604: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4567: 4565: 4562: 4560: 4559:Watchlistitis 4557: 4555: 4554:The WikiBible 4552: 4550: 4547: 4545: 4542: 4540: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4530: 4527: 4525: 4522: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4500: 4499:R-e-s-p-e-c-t 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4487: 4485: 4482: 4480: 4477: 4475: 4474:Play the game 4472: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4414:My local pond 4412: 4410: 4407: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4395: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4385: 4382: 4380: 4377: 4375: 4372: 4370: 4367: 4365: 4362: 4360: 4357: 4355: 4352: 4350: 4347: 4345: 4342: 4340: 4337: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4325: 4324:Edits Per Day 4322: 4320: 4319:Editcountitis 4317: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4305: 4302: 4300: 4297: 4295: 4292: 4290: 4287: 4285: 4282: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4270: 4267: 4265: 4262: 4260: 4257: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4240: 4237: 4235: 4232: 4230: 4227: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4212: 4210: 4207: 4205: 4202: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4190: 4187: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4177: 4175: 4172: 4170: 4167: 4165: 4162: 4161: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4145: 4141: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4102: 4099: 4097: 4094: 4092: 4089: 4087: 4084: 4082: 4079: 4077: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4057: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4042: 4039: 4037: 4034: 4032: 4029: 4027: 4024: 4022: 4019: 4017: 4014: 4012: 4009: 4007: 4004: 4002: 3999: 3997: 3994: 3992: 3989: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3952: 3949: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3939: 3937: 3934: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3906:Insignificant 3904: 3902: 3899: 3897: 3894: 3892: 3889: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3879: 3877: 3874: 3872: 3869: 3867: 3864: 3862: 3859: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3842: 3839: 3837: 3834: 3832: 3829: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3768: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3723:WikiLawyering 3721: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3709: 3706: 3704: 3701: 3700: 3698: 3696:WikiRelations 3694: 3688: 3685: 3683: 3680: 3678: 3675: 3673: 3670: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3648: 3645: 3643: 3640: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3626: 3623: 3622: 3621: 3618: 3616: 3613: 3611: 3608: 3606: 3603: 3601: 3598: 3596: 3593: 3591: 3588: 3586: 3583: 3581: 3578: 3576: 3573: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3520:Don't cry COI 3518: 3516: 3513: 3511: 3508: 3506: 3503: 3501: 3498: 3496: 3493: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3481: 3480:Don't be rude 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3433: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3425:Cyberbullying 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3277: 3275: 3272: 3271: 3269: 3265: 3259: 3256: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3244: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3234: 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3216: 3214: 3211: 3209: 3206: 3204: 3203:The last word 3201: 3199: 3198:The grey zone 3196: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3105: 3103: 3099: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3043: 3040: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2958: 2954: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2922: 2920: 2917: 2915: 2912: 2910: 2907: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2845: 2842: 2840: 2837: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2790: 2787: 2785: 2782: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2770: 2767: 2765: 2762: 2760: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2731: 2725: 2722: 2720: 2717: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2707: 2705: 2702: 2700: 2697: 2695: 2692: 2690: 2687: 2685: 2682: 2680: 2677: 2675: 2672: 2670: 2667: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2658: 2652: 2649: 2647: 2644: 2642: 2639: 2637: 2634: 2632: 2629: 2627: 2624: 2622: 2619: 2617: 2616:Walled garden 2614: 2612: 2609: 2607: 2604: 2602: 2599: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2587: 2584: 2582: 2579: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2487: 2484: 2482: 2479: 2477: 2474: 2472: 2469: 2467: 2464: 2462: 2459: 2457: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2447: 2444: 2442: 2441:Mine a source 2439: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2429: 2427: 2424: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2391: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2340: 2337: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2325: 2322: 2320: 2317: 2315: 2312: 2310: 2307: 2305: 2302: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2290: 2289:Concept cloud 2287: 2285: 2282: 2280: 2277: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2259:Cherrypicking 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2153: 2147: 2144: 2142: 2139: 2137: 2134: 2132: 2129: 2127: 2124: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2112: 2109: 2107: 2104: 2102: 2099: 2097: 2094: 2092: 2091:Systemic bias 2089: 2087: 2084: 2082: 2079: 2077: 2074: 2072: 2069: 2067: 2064: 2062: 2059: 2057: 2054: 2052: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2034: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1984: 1982: 1979: 1977: 1974: 1972: 1969: 1967: 1964: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1954: 1952: 1949: 1947: 1944: 1942: 1939: 1937: 1934: 1932: 1929: 1927: 1924: 1922: 1919: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1899: 1895: 1888: 1881: 1876: 1874: 1869: 1867: 1862: 1861: 1858: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1837: 1836: 1816: 1810: 1802: 1790: 1775: 1768: 1761: 1755: 1741: 1735: 1728: 1721: 1712: 1704: 1702:1-402-40050-0 1699: 1695: 1688: 1669: 1663: 1656: 1652: 1645: 1636: 1632: 1627: 1626: 1619: 1615: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1578: 1577: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1547: 1544: 1541: 1538: 1535: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1522: 1519: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1480: 1477: 1474: 1471: 1468: 1464: 1461: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1440: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1372: 1367: 1301: 1295: 1288: 1278: 1274: 1273: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1251: 1250: 1246: 1242: 1241: 1234: 1230: 1228: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1211: 1202: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1183: 1172: 1168: 1165: 1163:carnivorous." 1161: 1157: 1156: 1155: 1140: 1125: 1121: 1118: 1113: 1111: 1106: 1103: 1098: 1094: 1091: 1087: 1085: 1080: 1077: 1065: 1062: 1059: 1058: 1052: 1051: 1047: 1045: 1036: 1033: 1030: 1027: 1026: 1024: 1023: 1022: 1014: 1011: 1008: 1004: 1001: 1000: 999: 998: 997: 989: 985: 982:Gather short 981: 978: 974: 971: 967: 964: 963: 960: 959: 958: 955: 947: 943: 942: 939: 934: 927: 925: 913: 912: 910: 905: 904: 902: 897: 896: 894: 889: 888: 886: 885: 884: 864: 849: 848: 844: 841: 840: 837: 829: 822: 819: 816: 815: 814: 811: 807: 803: 800: 796: 787: 783: 782: 779: 766: 762: 759: 755: 752: 751: 750: 746: 744: 740: 736: 732: 728: 718: 716: 712: 707: 703: 699: 695: 694:public domain 691: 687: 677: 674: 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