Knowledge

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authors. (Any list of authors may be filtered to exclude very small or irrelevant contributions.) This applies to text developed by the Knowledge community. Text from external sources may attach additional attribution requirements to the work, which should be indicated on an article's face or on its talk page. For example, a page may have a banner or other notation indicating that some or all of its content was originally published somewhere else. Where such notations are visible in the page itself, they should generally be preserved by re-users.
499:(GFDL) (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). Some text has been imported only under CC BY-SA and CC BY-SA-compatible license and cannot be reused under GFDL; such text will be identified on the page footer, in the page history, or on the discussion page of the article that utilizes the text. Every image has a description page that indicates the license under which it is released or, if it is non-free, the rationale under which it is used. 600:
Documentation License, unless you are its sole author. Furthermore, please note that you cannot import information which is available only under the GFDL. In other words, you may only import text that is (a) single-licensed under terms compatible with the CC BY-SA license or (b) dual-licensed with the GFDL and another license with terms compatible with the CC BY-SA license. If you are the sole author of the material, you must license it under both CC BY-SA and GFDL.
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copyright licensing terms which are incompatible with those Knowledge authors have applied to the rest of Knowledge content. While such material is present on Knowledge (before it is detected and removed), it will be a copyright violation to copy it. For permission to use it, one must contact the owner of the copyright of the text or illustration in question; often, but not always, this will be the original author.
83: 1066:. In order to determine whether a page is available under the GFDL, review the page footer, page history, and discussion page for attribution of single-licensed content that is not GFDL-compatible. Since all text published before June 15th, 2009 on Knowledge was released under the GFDL, you can ensure GFDL compatibility by using the page history to retrieve content published before that date. 1098:). This leads to possible restrictions on the use, outside of Knowledge, of such "fair use" content retrieved from Knowledge: this "fair use" content does not fall under the CC BY-SA or GFDL license as such, but under the "fair use" (or similar/different) regulations in the country where the media are retrieved. 1101:
Prior to June 15, 2009, Knowledge did permit some text under licenses that were compatible with the GFDL but might require additional terms that were not required for original Knowledge text (such as including Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts, or Back-Cover Texts). However, these materials could
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If you contribute text directly to Knowledge, you thereby license it to the public for reuse under CC BY-SA and GFDL (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). Non-text media may be contributed under a variety of different licenses that support the general goal
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federal government in the scope of their employment are public domain by statute in the United States (though they may be protected by copyright outside the U.S.). It is not enough that the employee was working at the time; he/she must have made the work as part of his/her duties (e.g. a soldier who
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for specific terms). Images may or may not permit reuse and modification; the conditions for reproduction of each image should be individually checked. The only exceptions are those cases in which editors have violated Knowledge policy by uploading copyrighted material without authorization, or with
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Context is also important; it may be acceptable to link to a reputable website's review of a particular film, even if it presents a still from the film (such uses are generally either explicitly permitted by distributors or allowed under fair use). However, linking directly to the still of the film
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the copied version is made available on the same terms to others and acknowledgment of the authors of the Knowledge article used is included (a link back to the article is generally thought to satisfy the attribution requirement; see below for more details). Copied Knowledge content will therefore
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to the page or pages you are re-using, b) a hyperlink (where possible) or URL to an alternative, stable online copy which is freely accessible, which conforms with the license, and which provides credit to the authors in a manner equivalent to the credit given on this website, or c) a list of all
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However, if you know or reasonably suspect that an external Web site is carrying a work in violation of copyright, do not link to that copy of the work without the permission of the copyright holder. An example would be linking to a site hosting the lyrics of many popular songs without permission
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that the material is compatibly licensed or public domain. If the original source of publication contains a copyright disclaimer or other indication that the material is free for use, a link to it on the media description page or the article's talk page may satisfy this requirement. If you obtain
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for specific details on when and how to utilize such material. However, it is our goal to be able to freely redistribute as much of Knowledge's material as possible, so original images and sound files licensed under CC BY-SA and GFDL (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or
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Subject matter of copyright; United States Government works. Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government, but the United States Government is not precluded from receiving and holding copyrights transferred to it by assignment, bequest, or
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If you want to import text that you have found elsewhere or that you have co-authored with others, you can only do so if it is available under terms that are compatible with the CC BY-SA license. You do not need to ensure or guarantee that the imported text is available under the GNU Free
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The English text of the CC BY-SA and GFDL licenses is the only legally binding restriction between authors and users of Knowledge content. What follows is our interpretation of CC BY-SA and GFDL, as it pertains to the rights and obligations of users and contributors.
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the ideas or information themselves. Therefore, it is legal to read an encyclopedia article or other work, reformulate the concepts in your own words, and submit it to Knowledge, so long as you do not follow the source too closely. (See our Copyright FAQ for more on
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Each copy or modified version that you distribute must include a licensing notice stating that the work is released under CC BY-SA and either a) a hyperlink or URL to the text of the license or b) a copy of the license. For this purpose, a suitable URL is:
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use materials that infringe the copyrights of others. This could create legal liabilities and seriously hurt Knowledge. If in doubt, write the content yourself, thereby creating a new copyrighted work which can be included in Knowledge without trouble.
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transferred to Knowledge. You can later republish and relicense them in any way you like. However, you can never retract or alter the license for copies of materials that you place here; these copies will remain so licensed until they enter the
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Note that while the United States government does not claim copyright protection on its own works, governments outside the U.S. often do claim copyright over works produced by their employees. (For example, several Commonwealth realms utilize
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will link to copyrighted material. It is not necessary to obtain the permission of a copyright holder before linking to copyrighted material, just as an author of a book does not need permission to cite someone else's work in their
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cannot by itself determine where the content originally came from. This may violate the attribution clause of the project's licenses. If you are copying text within Knowledge, you must at least put a link to the source page in an
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Permission to reproduce and modify text on Knowledge has already been granted to anyone anywhere by the authors of individual articles as long as such reproduction and modification complies with licensing terms (see below and
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special permission to use a copyrighted work from the copyright holder under compatible terms, you must make a note of that fact (along with the relevant names and dates) and verify this through one of several processes. See
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or their copyright is explicitly disclaimed. Generally, Knowledge must have permission to use copyrighted works. There are some circumstances under which copyrighted works may be legally utilized without permission; see
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If the material, text or media, has been previously published and you wish to donate it to Knowledge under appropriate license, you will need to verify copyright permission through one of our established procedures. See
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If you make modifications or additions, you must indicate in a reasonable fashion that the original work has been modified. If you are re-using the page in a wiki, for example, indicating this in the page history is
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However, not every work republished by the U.S. government falls into this category. The U.S. government can own copyrights that are assigned to it by others–for example, works created by contractors.
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In contrast to the federal government, most state and local governments in the United States retain copyright to their employees' work. Such work is not in the public domain, so please make sure to
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The only Knowledge content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Knowledge/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission (members of the media, see
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takes a photograph with his/her personal camera while on patrol in Iraq owns the copyright to the photo, but it may find its way onto a unit webpage or otherwise be licensed to the government).
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owned by others. It may be useful to check the privacy and security notice of the website, but only with an email to the webmaster can you be confident that an image is in the public domain.
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For compatibility reasons, any page which does not incorporate text that is exclusively available under CC BY-SA or a CC BY-SA-compatible license is also available under the terms of the
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The only Knowledge content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about are the trademarked Knowledge/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission.
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If you make modifications or additions to the page you re-use, you must license them under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License or later.
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under an appropriate license and can continue to be used by anyone subject to certain restrictions, most of which aim to ensure that freedom. This principle is known as
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Inversely, if you are the editor of a Knowledge article and have found a copy hosted without following the licensing requirements for attribution, please see
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to have it permanently removed (but it may take up to a week for the page to be deleted that way). You may also blank the page and replace it with the words
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for the procedure for asking a copyright holder to grant a usable license for their work and for the processes for verifying that license has been granted.
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for a landmark case in the European Union. Linking to a page that illegally distributes someone else's work sheds a bad light on Knowledge and its editors.
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only be placed if the original copyright holders did not require that they be carried forward; for that reason, they impose no special burden for reuse.
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A brief summary of non-U.S. copyright laws, including guidelines on determining copyright status of the material in the United States, is available at
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In articles about a website, it is acceptable to include a link to that website even if there are possible copyright violations somewhere on the site.
313: 995:). If you want to use other Knowledge materials in your own books/articles/websites or other publications, you can do so, unless it is used under the 832:
If a page contains material which infringes copyright, that material–and the whole page, if there is no other material present–should be removed. See
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to copy, distribute and/or modify Knowledge's text under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License and,
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Knowledge articles may also include quotations, images, or other media under the U.S. Copyright law "fair use" doctrine in accordance with our
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from their copyright holders. Knowingly and intentionally directing others to a site that violates copyright has been considered a form of
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The Wikimedia Foundation is based in the United States and accordingly governed by United States copyright law. Regardless, according to
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but the text will still be in the page history. Either way, we will, of course, need some evidence to support your claim of ownership.
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at the destination page. It is encouraged to do the same thing at the source page, and to add notices at the talk pages of both.
251: 1069: 456:, even if rules at your company, school, or organization mandate that you ask web site operators before copying their content. 394: 803: 1304: 982: 790: 765: 399: 389: 303: 161: 1075: 871:. Image description pages must be tagged with a special tag to indicate the legal status of the images, as described at 837: 1111: 1074:
Where not otherwise noted, non-text media files are available under various free culture licenses, consistent with the
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A copy of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License is included in the section entitled "
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It is therefore pointless to email our contact addresses asking for permission to reproduce articles or images
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for details. If you are not a copyright holder, you will still need to verify copyright permission; see the
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To re-distribute text on Knowledge in any form, provide credit to the authors either by including a) a
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in the United States is unclear. On Knowledge it is currently acceptable to link to archives such as
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If you want to import media (including text) that you have found elsewhere, and it does not meet the
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All creative works are copyrighted, by international agreement, unless either they fall into the
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The Wikimedia Foundation does not own copyright on Knowledge article texts or illustrations.
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If you suspect a copyright violation, you should at least bring up the issue on that page's
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You retain copyright to materials you contribute to Knowledge, text and media. Copyright is
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Contributors who repeatedly post copyrighted material despite appropriate warnings may be
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Moreover, images and other media found on .mil and .gov websites may be using commercial
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If you are the owner of content that is being used on Knowledge without your permission
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Knowledge:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
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Since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any Knowledge article which
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If you are the owner of Knowledge-hosted content being used without your permission
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an article, or otherwise move text from one page to another within Knowledge, the
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A copy of the GNU Free Documentation License is included in the section entitled "
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is licensed freely. Knowledge content can be copied, modified, and redistributed
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removes the context and the site's justification for permitted use or fair use.
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Images, photographs, video and sound files, like written works, are subject to
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when your copyright expires (currently some decades after an author's death).
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guidelines may allow them to be used irrespective of any copyright claims.
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Additional availability of text under the GNU Free Documentation License
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Note that copyright law governs the creative expression of ideas,
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Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
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Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
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The text of Knowledge is copyrighted (automatically, under the
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uses grant free access to our content in the same sense that
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Knowledge:Scanning an image does not make it your "own work"
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are greatly preferred to copyrighted media files used under
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If you wish to reuse content from Knowledge, first read the
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Works produced by civilian and military employees of the
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of allowing unrestricted re-use and re-distribution. See
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On Knowledge, the use of media files is subject to the
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Request for immediate removal of copyright violation
472: 878:Questions about media copyright may be directed to 1281: 1248:Knowledge:Spotting possible copyright violations 771:Intellectual Reserve v. Utah Lighthouse Ministry 1042:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ 965:Works by state governments of the United States 919:Knowledge:Public domain § U.S. government works 705:the distinction between summary and abridgment 61:"WP:COPY" redirects here. For other uses, see 913:Works by the United States Federal Government 429: 333: 844:Guidelines for images and other media files 525:in contrast to typical copyright licenses. 1253:Knowledge:Standard license violation letter 1176:Knowledge:Standard license violation letter 1082:Non-free materials and special requirements 594:Guidelines for images and other media files 30:"WP:C" redirects here. For other uses, see 436: 422: 340: 326: 91:Knowledge policy with legal considerations 1198:Knowledge:Example requests for permission 682:Knowledge:Requesting copyright permission 606:Knowledge:Donating copyrighted materials 1258:Knowledge:WikiProject Copyright Cleanup 701:how much reformulation may be necessary 14: 1282: 1203:Knowledge:FAQ/Contributing#Copyrights 1076:Wikimedia Foundation Licensing Policy 673:non-free content policy and guideline 1136:If you reuse text which you created 569:Contributors' rights and obligations 278:Contributor copyright investigations 252:Guidance for text copyright problems 77: 1167:URL or place you published the text 983:Knowledge:Reusing Knowledge content 880:Knowledge:Media copyright questions 556:Content on Knowledge is covered by 475:section. You should then read the 24: 1112:Knowledge:Copying within Knowledge 1052:legal code of the CC BY-SA License 628:Using copyrighted work from others 610:Using copyrighted work from others 71:Knowledge:Copying within Knowledge 25: 1316: 81: 27:Knowledge's policy on copyrights 1088:guidelines for non-free content 977:Reusers' rights and obligations 473:Reusers' rights and obligations 242:Requesting copyright permission 237:Copying text from other sources 48:Knowledge:WikiProject Countries 1064:GNU Free Documentation License 873:Knowledge:Image copyright tags 834:Knowledge:Copyright violations 810:Knowledge:Copyright violations 551:GNU Free Documentation License 497:GNU Free Documentation License 481:GNU Free Documentation License 13: 1: 1233:Knowledge:Non-U.S. copyrights 1218:Knowledge:Freedom of panorama 1213:Knowledge:File copyright tags 1106:Reusing text within Knowledge 907:Knowledge:Non-U.S. copyrights 892:Knowledge:Non-U.S. copyrights 822:to prevent further problems. 232:Donating copyrighted material 52:Knowledge:WikiProject Council 1188:Knowledge:Copyright problems 838:Knowledge:Copyright problems 715:Linking to copyrighted works 660:back-cover texts) or in the 395:Paid-contribution disclosure 63:Knowledge:Copyright problems 7: 1223:Knowledge:Mirrors and forks 1155:. You can also contact our 1096:Knowledge's manual of style 997:non-free content provisions 971:check copyright information 840:for detailed instructions. 465:Knowledge:Mirrors and forks 67:Knowledge:Basic copyediting 10: 1321: 1305:Knowledge content policies 1275:m:Avoid Copyright Paranoia 1228:Knowledge:Non-free content 1193:Knowledge:Designated agent 1126:page history functionality 1109: 980: 938:Title 17; Chapter 1; § 105 916: 889: 869:Knowledge:Non-free content 836:for more information, and 807: 718: 657:Knowledge:Non-free content 631: 572: 227:Frequently asked questions 157:Copyright violation policy 97: 60: 29: 766:contributory infringement 400:Reusing Knowledge content 390:Non-free content criteria 304:Media copyright questions 162:Reusing Knowledge content 1300:Knowledge legal policies 1070:Re-use of non-text media 785:The copyright status of 201:Copying within Knowledge 40:Knowledge:Categorization 1270:Commons:Copyright rules 1208:Knowledge:FAQ/Copyright 1048:For further information 886:Governing copyright law 1050:, please refer to the 947: 768:in the United States ( 537:unless otherwise noted 314:Declaration of consent 89:This page documents a 989:Foundation:Press room 933: 917:Further information: 890:Further information: 533:Permission is granted 206:Public domain content 1238:Knowledge:Plagiarism 1023:Copyleft/Share Alike 1015:(where possible) or 993:Knowledge:Contact us 936:United States Code; 818:from editing by any 804:Copyright violations 709:plagiarism guideline 370:Copyright violations 299:Copyright assistance 273:Files for discussion 44:Knowledge:Canvassing 1295:Knowledge copyright 791:the Wayback Machine 495:(CC BY-SA) and the 309:File copyright tags 138:Knowledge copyright 32:Knowledge:Consensus 1290:Knowledge policies 268:Copyright problems 247:Close paraphrasing 36:Knowledge:Civility 973:before using it. 951:stock photography 779:GS Media v Sanoma 753:cites its sources 446: 445: 350: 349: 211:Non-US copyrights 132: 131: 56:Knowledge:C-class 16:(Redirected from 1312: 1170: 1157:designated agent 1036:Licensing notice 1029:Indicate changes 865:image use policy 745: 738: 731: 644: 585: 489:Berne Convention 438: 431: 424: 385:No legal threats 365:Child protection 352: 351: 342: 335: 328: 196:Non-free content 152:Copyright policy 134: 133: 124: 117: 110: 85: 84: 78: 21: 1320: 1319: 1315: 1314: 1313: 1311: 1310: 1309: 1280: 1279: 1266: 1184: 1160: 1146: 1114: 1108: 1084: 1072: 1060: 1005: 985: 979: 967: 959:Crown copyright 921: 915: 894: 888: 846: 827:discussion page 812: 806: 749: 748: 741: 734: 727: 723: 717: 668:or otherwise. 648: 647: 640: 636: 630: 612:section below. 589: 588: 581: 577: 571: 485: 450:Important note: 442: 346: 181: 128: 127: 120: 113: 106: 102: 82: 74: 59: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 1318: 1308: 1307: 1302: 1297: 1292: 1278: 1277: 1272: 1265: 1264:External links 1262: 1261: 1260: 1255: 1250: 1245: 1240: 1235: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1210: 1205: 1200: 1195: 1190: 1183: 1180: 1145: 1142: 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944:US Code 816:blocked 776:); cf. 515:remain 115:WP:COPY 677:verify 219:Advice 144:Policy 69:, and 54:, and 1122:split 1118:merge 688:Never 617:never 380:Libel 517:free 176:GFDL 108:WP:C 1120:or 1017:URL 961:.) 711:). 696:not 1286:: 1178:. 1169:}} 1161:{{ 1090:. 1054:. 909:. 553:". 483:. 65:, 50:, 46:, 42:, 38:, 34:, 1165:| 560:. 546:" 437:e 430:t 423:v 341:e 334:t 327:v 178:) 94:. 73:. 58:. 20:)

Index

Knowledge:COPY
Knowledge:Consensus
Knowledge:Civility
Knowledge:Categorization
Knowledge:Canvassing
Knowledge:WikiProject Countries
Knowledge:WikiProject Council
Knowledge:C-class
Knowledge:Copyright problems
Knowledge:Basic copyediting
Knowledge:Copying within Knowledge
Knowledge policy with legal considerations
Shortcuts
WP:C
WP:COPY
WP:COPYRIGHT
Knowledge copyright
Copyright policy
Copyright violation policy
Reusing Knowledge content
CC BY-SA 4.0
GFDL
Non-free content
Copying within Knowledge
Public domain content
Non-US copyrights
Frequently asked questions
Donating copyrighted material
Copying text from other sources
Requesting copyright permission

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