Cat coat genetics - Knowledge

510: 1765: 1733: 155: 1833: 1404: 1389: 1684: 1668: 1696: 1801: 534: 1712: 33: 842: 234: 1942: 1000: 1359: 217: 141: 1542: 1781: 522: 5742: 1749: 1420: 1530: 992:(meaning "patches cat") in Dutch. The factor that distinguishes tortoiseshell from calico is the pattern of eumelanin and pheomelanin, which is partly dependent on the amount of white, due to an effect of the white spotting gene on the general distribution of melanin. A cat which has both an orange and non-orange gene, Oo, and little to no white spotting, will present with a mottled blend of black/red and blue/cream, reminiscent of 401: 1374: 1091: 1506: 481: 1518: 1440: 562: 1077: 2131: 950: 546: 1900:

this was probably a new rex mutation and that it was recessive. The density of the hair was similar to normally coated Maine Coons, but consisted only of down type hairs with a normal down type helical curl, which varied as in normal down hairs. Whiskers were more curved, but not curly. Maine Coons do not have awn hairs, and after moulting, the rexes had a very thin coat.

1938:) gene. The dominant allele codes for the short coat is seen in most cats. Long coats are coded for by at least four different recessively inherited mutations, the alleles of which have been identified. The most ubiquitous is found in most or all long haired breeds while the remaining three are found only in Ragdolls, Norwegian Forest Cats, and Maine Coons. 930:. The homozygous recessive genotype when combined with the agouti gene (iiA-), produces tabby coloration, which can vary along a spectrum ranging from a deeply patterned brown tabby, to a lighter "golden tabby", to the very lightly colored shaded or chinchilla golden colors. Red and cream cats with the inhibitor gene (I-O-) are commonly called "cameo". 199:, in which some parts of the fur are orange and others areas non-orange. One in three thousand tortoiseshell cats are male, making the combination possible but rare- however, due to the nature of their genetics, male tortoiseshells often exhibit chromosomal abnormalities. In one study, less than a third of male calicos had a simple XXY 1144:. The deafness is due to a reduction in the population and survival of melanoblast stem cells, which in addition to creating pigment-producing cells, develop into a variety of neurological cell types. White cats with one or two blue eyes have a particularly high likelihood of being deaf. Dominant white is distinct from albinism ( 718:

modification of mackerel stripes, and may cause varying phenotypes such as "broken mackerel" tabbies via multiple loci. If the genes are Sp/Sp or Sp/sp the tabby coat will be spotted or broken. If it is an sp/sp gene, the tabby pattern will remain either mackerel or blotched. This gene has no effect on cats with a ticked coat.

1237:; thus, little or no pigment is produced except in the extremities or points where the skin is slightly cooler. For this reason, colorpoint cats tend to darken with age as bodily temperature drops; also, the fur over a significant injury may sometimes darken or lighten as a result of temperature change. More specifically, the 450:) changes black pigment to amber or light amber, similar in appearance to red and cream. Kittens are born dark but lighten up as they age. Paws and nose still exhibit the original undiluted color in contrast to other diluted colors, where paws and nose have the diluted color. This phenomenon was first identified in 195:. The orange allele is O, and non-orange is o. Males can typically only be orange or non-orange due to only having one X chromosome. Since females have two X chromosomes, they have two alleles of this gene. OO results in orange fur, oo results in fur without any orange (black, brown, etc.), and Oo results in a 1216:

cats, but due to crossbreeding may also appear in any (non-pedigree) domesticated cat. A colorpoint cat has dark colors on the face, ears, feet, and tail, with a lighter version of the same color on the rest of the body, and possibly some white. The exact name of the colorpoint pattern depends on the

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have pigment production throughout the entire growth cycle of the hair and therefore along its full length. These homozygotes are solidly dark throughout, which obscures the appearance of the characteristic dark tabby markings—sometimes a suggestion of the underlying pattern, called "ghost striping",

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Tabby cats have a range of variegated and blotched coats, consisting of a dark pattern on a lighter background. This variety is derived from the interplay of multiple genes and resulting phenotypes. Most tabbies feature thin dark markings on the face, including the 'M' on the forehead and an eyeliner

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Kaelin, C. B.; Xu, X.; Hong, L. Z.; David, V. A.; McGowan, K. A.; Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Roelke, M. E.; Pino, J.; Pontius, J.; Cooper, G. M.; Manuel, H.; Swanson, W. F.; Marker, L.; Harper, C. K.; van Dyk, A.; Yue, B.; Mullikin, J. C.; Warren, W. C.; Eizirik, E.; Kos, L.; O'Brien, S. J.; Barsh, G. S.;

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codes for long hair. In the longhaired cat, the transition from anagen (hair growth) to catagen (cessation of hair growth) is delayed due to this mutation. A rare recessive shorthair gene has been observed in some lines of Persian cat (silvers) where two longhaired parents have produced shorthaired

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In many breeds, coat gene mutations are unwelcome. An example is the rex allele which appeared in Maine Coons in the early 1990s. Rexes appeared in America, Germany and the UK, where one breeder caused consternation by calling them "Maine Waves". Two UK breeders did test mating which indicated that

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There have been many genes identified that result in unusual cat fur. These genes were discovered in random-bred cats and selected for. Some of the genes are in danger of going extinct because the cats are not sold beyond the region where the mutation originated or there is simply not enough demand

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Silver agouti cats can have a range of phenotypes, from silver tabby, to silver shaded (under half the hair is pigmented, approx. 1/3 of hair length), to tipped silver also called chinchilla or shell (only the very tip of the hair is pigmented, approx. 1/8 of hair length). This seems to be affected

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hairs that are fully colored only at the tip and have a white base. This allele appears to interact with other genes to produce various degrees of tipping, ranging from deeply tipped silver tabby to lightly tipped shaded silver and chinchilla silver. The inhibitor gene interacts with the non-agouti

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genes) are theorized to be responsible for creating various type of spotting patterns, many of which are variations on a basic mackerel or classic pattern. There are also hypothetical factors which affect the timing and frequency of the agouti shift, affecting agouti band width and the number and

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tabby pattern (broad bands, whorls, and spirals of dark color on pale background usually with bulls-eye or oyster pattern on flank). Spotted tabbies have their stripes broken up into spots, which may be arranged vertically or horizontally. A 2010 study suggests that spotted coats are caused by the

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Likewise, poorly-expressed non-agouti or over-expression of melanin inhibitor will cause a pale, washed out black smoke. Various polygenes (sets of related genes), epigenetic factors, or modifier genes, as yet unidentified, are believed to result in different phenotypes of coloration, some deemed

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A true tricolor must consist of three colors: white, a red-based color like ginger or cream, and black-based color like black or blue. Tricolor should not be mistaken for the natural gradations in a tabby pattern. The shades which are present in the pale bands of a tabby are not considered to

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A typical cat coat exists of all three natural hair types, but due to the equal lengths of two of these hairs, the coat is still considered double-layered. Typically, the down hairs comprise the undercoat while the guard and awn hairs make up the basic top coat. Double-coated cats with thick

1594:, shaded, or smoke cat is complex. Not only are there many interacting genes, but genes sometimes do not express themselves fully, or conflict with one another. For example, the silver melanin inhibitor gene in some instances does not block pigment, resulting in a grayer undercoat, or in 1464:. The dominant form causes melanin production to be suppressed, but it affects phaeomelanin (red pigment) much more than eumelanin (black or brown pigment). On tabbies, this turns the background a sparkling silver color while leaving the stripe color intact, making a cold-toned 1217:

actual color. A few examples are seal points (dark brown to black), chocolate points (warm, lighter brown), blue points (gray), lilac or frost points (silvery gray-pink), red or flame points (orange), and tortie (tortoiseshell mottling) points. This pattern is the result of a

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determine the coloration, pattern, length, and texture of feline fur. The variations among cat coats are physical properties and should not be confused with cat breeds. A cat may display the coat of a certain breed without actually being that breed. For example, a

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alleles (Maltese dilution), black fur becomes "blue" (appearing gray), chocolate fur becomes "lilac" (appearing light, almost grayish brown-lavender), cinnamon fur becomes "fawn", and red fur becomes "cream". Similar to red cats, all cream cats are tabbies. The

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The pelt color commonly referred to as "orange" is scientifically known as red. Other common names include yellow, ginger, and marmalade. Red show cats have a deep orange color, but it can also present as a yellow or light ginger color. Unidentified "rufousing

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w=salmiak allele, recessive allele. In addition to a white tuxedo pattern, hairs are colored at the root fading into white at the tips, except on the head, where they are often colored all the way through. It was found in Finland and the name means "salty

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Most oriental breeds only express one single layer of silky coat. However, cats can also have double-layered coats out of two hair types in which the down hairs form the soft, insulating undercoat, and the guard hairs form the protective outer coat.

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whose fur turns pale golden in adulthood, due to low levels of phaeomelanin production. These cats resemble shaded or tipped goldens, but are genetically shaded or tipped silvers. This is probably related to the phenomenon known as "tarnishing" in

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genotype. That is, in red or cream colored cats, tabby marking is displayed regardless of the genotype at the agouti locus. However, some red and most cream tabbies do have a fainter pattern when lacking an agouti allele, indicating that the

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gene determines whether or not there will be any white in the coat, except when a solid white coat is caused by albinism. White spotting and epistatic white (also known as dominant white) were long thought to be two separate genes (called

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Lyons, L. A.; Bailey, S. J.; Baysac, K. C.; Byrns, G.; Erdman, C. A.; Fretwell, N.; Froenicke, L.; Gazlay, K. W.; Geary, L. A.; Grahn, J. C.; Grahn, R. A.; Karere, G. M.; Lipinski, M. J.; Rah, H.; Ruhe, M. T.; Bach, L. H. (August 2006).

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Gandolfi, Barbara; Alhaddad, Hasan; Affolter, Verena K.; Brockman, Jeffrey; Haggstrom, Jens; Joslin, Shannon E. K.; Koehne, Amanda L.; Mullikin, James C.; Outerbridge, Catherine A.; Warren, Wesley C.; Lyons, Leslie A. (27 June 2013).

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gene. Shaded golden and tipped golden are also possible, in the same hair length distribution as the silver-gene. However, there is no golden smoke, because the combination of wide band and nonagouti simply produces a solid cat.

1170:)= high degree of spotting white (between 0–50% white); bicolor/tricolor or ventral white (usually the feet, nose, chest, and belly), which is dominant to solid color. Heterozygous cats have somewhere between 0-50% white. 961:. Because this requires two X chromosomes, the vast majority of tortoiseshells are female, with approximately 1 in 3,000 being male. Male tortoiseshells can occur as a result of chromosomal abnormalities such as 734:) locus on chromosome B1 controls the generation of "ticked coats", agouti coats with virtually no stripes or bars. Ticked tabbies are rare in the random-bred population, but fixed in certain breeds such as the 1128:). White spotting can take many forms, from a small spot of white to the mostly-white pattern of the Turkish Van, while epistatic white produces a fully white cat (solid or self white). The KIT gene 421:

is a recessive browning gene that dilutes black to mahogany, brown to light brown and chocolate to pale coffee. It is different from the browning gene and has only been observed in laboratory cats.

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Additionally, there even exist cats which express all three natural types of cat hair in different lengths and structures, which form three different layers. These cats are called triple-coated.

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There are various genes producing curly-coated or "rex" cats. New types of rex arise spontaneously in random-bred cats now and then. Some of the rex genes that breeders have selected for are:

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material, and is called a tortoiseshell cat. An Oo cat with a large amount of white will have bigger, clearly defined patches of black/red and blue/cream, and is called a calico in the US.

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The agouti factor determines the "background" of the tabby coat, which consists of hairs that are banded with dark eumelanin and lighter phaeomelanin along the length of the hair shaft. The

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A tabby mother and her kittens, showing different colorations (the red parts of the mother are not visible, but since she has both black and red kittens she must carry both of the colours)

2235:. As well as sparse coat, the hairs are thin, straggly and contorted and there is brown exudate around the eyes and nose and on the chest and stomach. A similar condition is linked to 3031:

Peterschmitt, M.; Grain, F.; Arnaud, B.; Deléage, G.; Lambert, V. (August 2009). "Mutation in the melanocortin 1 receptor is associated with amber colour in the Norwegian Forest Cat".

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breed. Stripes often remain to some extent on the face, tail, legs, and sometimes the chest ("bleeding through"). Traditionally, this has been thought to happen in heterozygotes (

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With intermediate amounts of white, a cat may exhibit a calico pattern, a tortie pattern, or something in between, depending on other epigenetic factors. Blue tortoiseshell, or

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Another recessive mutation at extension was discovered which causes the russet color in Burmese cats. It is symbolized as e. Like amber cats, russet cats lighten as they age.

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Schmidt-Küntzel, A.; Nelson, G.; David, V. A.; Schäffer, A. A.; Eizirik, E.; Roelke, M. E.; Kehler, J. S.; Hannah, S. S.; O'Brien, S. J.; Menotti-Raymond, M. (April 2009).

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Eizirik, E.; David, V. A.; Buckley-Beason, V.; Roelke, M. E.; Schäffer, A. A.; Hannah, S. S.; Narfström, K.; O'Brien, S. J.; Menotti-Raymond, M.; Reed, K. (January 2010).

818:). The ticked tabby allele is epistatic to and therefore completely (or mostly) masks all the other tabby alleles, "hiding" the patterns they would otherwise express. 509: 313:

allele is a single-base deletion that truncates the protein. If the cat has d/d genes, the coat is diluted. If the genes are D/D or D/d, the coat will be unaffected.

122:. Chocolate is a rich dark brown color, and is referred to as chestnut in some breeds. Cinnamon is a light, reddish brown, but is sometimes not reddish at all. 432:, "caramelizes" the dilute colors as a dominant trait. The existence of this phenomenon as a discrete gene is a controversial subject among feline enthusiasts. 3768:

Montague, M. J.; Li, G.; Gandolfi, B.; Khan, R.; Aken, B. L.; Searle, S. M.; Minx, P.; Hillier, L. W.; Koboldt, D. C.; Davis, B. W.; Driscoll, C. A. (2014).

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Kehler, J. S.; David, V. A.; Schäffer, A. A.; Bajema, K.; Eizirik, E.; Ryugo, D. K.; Hannah, S. S.; O'Brien, S. J.; Menotti-Raymond, M. (September 2007).

1341:, thus mutations in the early parts of that pathway may affect not only pigment, but also neurological development. This results in a higher frequency of 1333:

is a novel mutation in Burmese cats that results in a color pattern named mocha. Its interactions with other alleles have not yet been fully established.

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W (or W)=dominant white (solid/self white), autosomal dominant allele. It causes complete white coloration by disrupting replication and migration of

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Cat fur can be short, long, curly, or hairless. Most cats are short-haired, like their ancestor. The fur can naturally come in three types of hairs;

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Anderson, Heidi; Salonen, Milla; Toivola, Sari; Blades, Matthew; Lyons, Leslie A.; Forman, Oliver P.; Hytönen, Marjo K.; Lohi, Hannes (9 May 2024).

3286:"Mining the 99 Lives Cat Genome Sequencing Consortium database implicates genes and variants for the Ticked locus in domestic cats ( Felis catus )" 1732: 3483: 647:

locus on chromosome A1 accounts for most tabby patterns seen in domestic cats, including those patterns seen in most breeds. The dominant allele

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The basic tortoiseshell pattern has several different colors depending on the color of the eumelanin (the B locus), and dilution (the D locus).

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or is stressed, causing her unborn kittens' fur to develop a silver-type color (silver-grey, cream, or reddish) rather than what the kitten's

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effect, pigmented lips and paws, and a pink nose outlined in darker pigment. However, the following different coat patterns are all possible:

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Drögemüller, C.; Rüfenacht, S.; Wichert, B.; Leeb, T. (June 2007). "Mutations within the FGF5 gene are associated with hair length in cats".

661: 1852:. The length, density and proportions of these three hairs varies greatly between breeds, and in some cats only one or two types are found. 2931:"A domestic cat X chromosome linkage map and the sex-linked orange locus: mapping of orange, multiple origins and epistasis over nonagouti" 2066: 2801:

Lyons, L. A.; Foe, I. T.; Rah, H. C.; Grahn, R. A. (May 2005). "Chocolate coated cats: TYRP1 mutations for brown color in domestic cats".

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would normally cause. After birth, over some weeks the silver fur is replaced naturally by fur colors according to the kitten's genetics.

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produce classic (sometimes referred to as blotched) tabbies. The gene responsible for this differential patterning has been identified as

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If a cat has the wide band trait but no silver melanin inhibitor, the band will be golden instead of silver. These cats are known as

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Gustafson, N. A.; Gandolfi, B.; Lyons, L. A. (2017). "Not Another Type of Potato: MC1R and the Russet Coloration of Burmese Cats".

1584: 1403: 1177:)=low degree of spotting white (between 50 and 100% white); dominant harlequin and van pattern. The van pattern is named after the 5088: 4443:

Gandolfi, B; Outerbridge, CA; Beresford, LG; Myers, JA; Pimentel, M; Alhaddad, H; Grahn, JC; Grahn, RA; Lyons, LA (October 2010).

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Factors affecting the amount and quality of eumelanin and/or phaeomelanin pigment expression (such as theorized rufousing factors)

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into the skin. The carriers of this allele are white regardless of any other color-associated gene. It is linked to blue eyes and

3571: 1695: 795: 776: 687: 5068: 4707: 4495:"To the Root of the Curl: A Signature of a Recent Selective Sweep Identifies a Mutation That Defines the Cornish Rex Cat Breed" 4393:"Four independent mutations in the feline fibroblast growth factor 5 gene determine the long-haired phenotype in domestic cats" 1163:

to certain patches in the skin, thus leading to the formation of white spots. It exhibits codominance and variable expression:

713:) is the mackerel tabby (stripes look like thin fishbones and may break up into bars or spots). The most common variant is the 304:), a protein involved in the transportation and deposition of pigment into a growing hair. When a cat has two of the recessive 635:

genotype does still have a faint effect even if it does not induce complete masking. The mechanism of this process is unknown.

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cats. It produces a pattern similar to the Siamese colorpoint, but with a much lower contrast and amber-yellow to green eyes.

5583: 3880:"A new Finnish flavor of feline coat coloration, 'salmiak,' is associated with a 95-kb deletion downstream of the KIT gene" 3173:"Defining and mapping mammalian coat pattern genes: multiple genomic regions implicated in domestic cat stripes and spots" 5696: 4264: 2228:

which causes roughness and swelling on the hairs. The swelling is due to enlargement of the inner core of medulla cells.

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is the wildtype allele resulting in full pigmentation and is completely dominant to all other known alleles at the locus.

17: 3770:"Comparative analysis of the domestic cat genome reveals genetic signatures underlying feline biology and domestication" 3555: 1186:

w (or N)=wild-type or normal (non-white coats), recessive allele. Homozygotes for it won't have any white in their coat.

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undercoats require daily grooming as these coats are more prone to matting. Double coats are found in for example the

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factors, which make the silver band at the base of the hair wider. Breeders often notate wide band as a single gene

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can be seen, especially in bright slanted light on kittens and on the legs, tail and sometimes elsewhere on adults.

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are known for their unique triple coats, which provides double insulation to withstand their natural cold climate.

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karyotype, slightly more than a third were complicated XXY mosaics, and about a third had no XXY component at all.

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Tortoiseshells have patches of orange fur (pheomelanin based) and black or brown (eumelanin based) fur, caused by

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Factors affecting the number and width of bands of color on each hair, such as the hypothetical wide band gene

1388: 1541: 1253:). Two distinct alleles causing blue-eyed and pink-eyed albinism respectively have been previously theorized. 5593: 5588: 4021:

Abitbol, Marie; Bossé, Philippe; Grimard, Bénédicte; Martignat, Lionel; Tiret, Laurent (15 September 2016).

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Factors to clear up residual striping (hypothetical Chaos, Confusion, Unconfused, Erase, and Roan factors).

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are known as "tortoiseshell and white", while those with a larger amount are known in the United States as

4562:"The curly coat phenotype of the Ural Rex feline breed is associated with a mutation in the lipase H gene" 2110:

type cats have a normal coat.) This phenomenon may also colloquially be referred to as additive dominance.

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Eizirik, E.; Yuhki, N.; Johnson, W. E.; Menotti-Raymond, M.; Hannah, S. S.; O'Brien, S. J. (March 2003).

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Diluted brown (black=mahogany, chocolate=light brown, cinnamon=pale coffee), no effect; Unverified gene

5078: 4700: 4304: 2760: 1929: 1609: 3491: 5701: 5558: 4976: 3917:"Tyrosinase mutations associated with Siamese and Burmese patterns in the domestic cat (Felis catus)" 1419: 4143:

Turner, P.; Robinson, R. (November 1980). "Melanin inhibitor: a dominant gene in the domestic cat".

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because the three possible allele pairings relate to three different phenotypes: heterozygous cats (

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Agouti hair of a brown tabby with phaeomelanin (red pigment) and eumelanin (black or brown pigment).

1358: 154: 98:), an enzyme involved in the metabolic pathway for eumelanin pigment production. Its dominant form, 5668: 5578: 5073: 4852: 1832: 585: 69: 2209:

undercoat gene, results in cats with no undercoat. However, the proportional relationship between

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and c2 are two synonymous alleles recessive to all other alleles at the locus that cause albinism.

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of the protein replaces the 16 C-terminal residues with 109 new ones (N977Kfs110), generating the

5717: 5681: 5528: 2588: 1316:, in which the pigment distribution is between sepia and point, and the eye color is blue-green ( 443: 408:, showing the colour difference with age. On the left a female kitten, on the right a male adult. 2180: 2158: 2151: 1478:

is commonly used for red silver and cream silver (inhibitor gene (I-O-)) colored coats in cats.

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Lyons LA, Buckley RM, Harvey RJ, et al. (99 Lives Cat Genome Consortium) (29 March 2021).

1346: 1042:, display tabby patterning on both red- and black-based colors. Calico tabbies are also called 787: 768: 679: 533: 521: 873:

ticked fur, known as "grizzled". This phenomenon is purported to have been inherited from the

267:, so all red cats are tabbies. "Solid" red show cats are usually low contrast ticked tabbies. 5771: 5727: 5633: 5598: 5098: 4981: 4966: 4693: 274:

locus is unknown. It has been narrowed down to a 3.5 Mb stretch on the X chromosome in 2009.

3552: 5786: 5325: 5220: 5118: 4941: 4506: 3966:"Albinism in the domestic cat (Felis catus) is associated with a tyrosinase (TYR) mutation" 3781: 3354: 3237: 3122: 2645: 2606: 1873: 962: 695: 451: 405: 200: 4156: 1373: 598:

causes the banding and thus an overall lightening effect on the hair, while the recessive

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Vella, Carolyn M.; Shelton, Lorraine M.; McGonagle, John J.; Stanglein, Terry W. (1999).

1598:(yellowish or rusty fur). The grayer undercoat is considered less desirable to fanciers. 865:

There is a gene not yet identified, but believed to be related to the agouti gene in the

570: 4561: 4510: 4022: 3785: 3358: 3241: 3126: 1148:) which results from a mutation in a different gene that has no known impact on hearing. 690:) in this protein is responsible for producing the tabby phenotype in domestic cats. In 5643: 5548: 5340: 5250: 5165: 5131: 5113: 4834: 4597: 4537: 4494: 4469: 4444: 4417: 4392: 4331: 4094: 4061: 3998: 3965: 3855: 3828: 3804: 3769: 3745: 3728: 3678: 3643: 3642:

Górska, Agnieszka; Drobik-Czwarno, Wioleta; Górska, Agata; Bryś, Joanna (2 June 2022).

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Some rex cats are prone to temporary hairlessness, known as baldness, during moulting.

1317: 970: 3644:"Genetic Determination of the Amount of White Spotting: A Case Study in Siberian Cats" 3135: 3110: 5776: 5676: 5623: 5180: 4901: 4874: 4857: 4789: 4670: 4649: 4601: 4589: 4581: 4542: 4524: 4474: 4422: 4373: 4369: 4308: 4160: 4099: 4081: 4042: 4003: 3985: 3981: 3946: 3938: 3933: 3916: 3897: 3860: 3809: 3750: 3683: 3665: 3621: 3438: 3424: 3388: 3370: 3323: 3305: 3263: 3202: 3140: 3091: 3048: 3044: 2960: 2901: 2874: 2818: 2780: 2755: 2199: 1865: 1771: 1755: 1426: 1226: 1004: 966: 940: 893: 845: 240: 196: 161: 3729:"Coat color and coat color pattern-related neurologic and neuro-ophthalmic diseases" 3152: 3060: 2830: 2490:

Diluted color (black=blue, chocolate=lilac, cinnamon=fawn, orange=cream), no effect

2102:) may have a fuller coat that is preferred in the show ring, while homozygous cats ( 5295: 5275: 5255: 5008: 4896: 4573: 4532: 4514: 4464: 4456: 4412: 4404: 4365: 4152: 4089: 4073: 4034: 3993: 3977: 3928: 3887: 3850: 3840: 3799: 3789: 3740: 3673: 3655: 3611: 3601: 3528: 3428: 3420: 3378: 3362: 3313: 3297: 3253: 3245: 3192: 3184: 3130: 3083: 3040: 2950: 2942: 2810: 2614: 2046: 1800: 1338: 1218: 1209: 1203: 53: 32: 3701: 1256:

Although the Siamese colorpoint pattern is the most famous coloration produced by

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does not initiate this shift in the pigmentation pathway. As a result, homozygous

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Kaelin, Christopher B.; McGowan, Kelly A.; Barsh, Gregory S. (7 September 2021).

1884: 710: 45: 4229:"7 Kittens Born with 'Fever Coat', Their True Colors Begin to Show As They Grow" 3188: 2946: 2844: 841: 5618: 5466: 5435: 5365: 5155: 4998: 3366: 2750: 2511:

Diluted color modified (blue/brown/cinnamon=caramel, cream=apricot), no effect

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quality of alternating bands of eumelanin and phaeomelanin on individual hairs.

803: 735: 4675: 4460: 2873:(2nd ed.), Wellesley, Massachusetts: A. K. Peters, Ltd., pp. 18–19, 2814: 1941: 999: 460:

A modifying factor has also been hypothesized in shaded silver and chinchilla

5766: 5760: 5745: 5653: 5638: 5543: 5476: 5425: 5395: 5375: 5270: 5160: 5038: 4807: 4585: 4528: 4085: 3989: 3942: 3901: 3845: 3669: 3606: 3374: 3309: 2011: 1989:

is an allele completely recessive to the wildtype and completely dominant to

1517: 1380: 993: 739: 233: 4636: 4408: 4298: 4265:"Unique Litter of Kittens Born With 'Fever Coat'. But What Is 'Fever Coat'?" 3794: 3249: 3006: 1804:

Black and white bicolor kitten with fever coat expression over the black fur

183:, determines whether a cat will produce eumelanin. In cats with orange fur, 5471: 5400: 5390: 5370: 5315: 5280: 5245: 5170: 5055: 4988: 4931: 4844: 4752: 4737: 4593: 4546: 4478: 4426: 4377: 4103: 4046: 4007: 3950: 3864: 3813: 3754: 3687: 3625: 3442: 3392: 3327: 3267: 3226:"Specifying and sustaining pigmentation patterns in domestic and wild cats" 3206: 3144: 3095: 3052: 2964: 2900:(2nd ed.), Wellesley, Massachusetts: A. K. Peters, Ltd., p. 175, 2822: 2558: 2473: 2304: 1955: 1880: 1739: 1674: 1562: 1505: 1466: 1181:

region in Turkey, and expresses as coloration limited to the head and tail.

1156: 897: 874: 703: 614:

A major exception to the solid masking of the tabby pattern exists, as the

291: 192: 184: 49: 4164: 3660: 216: 140: 5538: 5440: 5385: 5380: 5345: 5335: 5240: 5225: 5195: 5033: 5018: 4946: 4812: 4769: 4732: 4621: 3964:

Imes, D. L.; Geary, L. A.; Grahn, R. A.; Lyons, L. A. (20 January 2006).

2765: 2740: 2719: 2684: 2610: 2081: 2029: 1998: 1977: 1934: 1861: 1787: 1718: 1395: 1365: 1290: 1249: 1213: 1152: 807: 667: 590: 545: 461: 300: 94: 57: 4936: 4178: 2534:

Solid white, white spotting, without white, white gloving, white fading

2446:

Full color, mink, sepia, siamese point, blue eye albino, red eye albino

5613: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5456: 5410: 5405: 5305: 5285: 5265: 5260: 5230: 5190: 5023: 4911: 4799: 4779: 4724: 3708:. Veterinary Genetics Laboratory at the University of California, Davis 2981: 2745: 2692: 2657: 2649: 2517: 2429: 2300: 2210: 2176: 1982: 1869: 1841: 1811:

is an effect known in domestic cats, where a pregnant female cat has a

1702: 1595: 1589: 1342: 1243: 1160: 1137: 1117: 1104: 1014:, cats have a lighter coloration (blue/cream) and are sometimes called 981: 944: 905: 901: 878: 849: 791: 772: 683: 676: 172: 4577: 4077: 4038: 3892: 3879: 3301: 3087: 750:

is the recessive one. The causative gene for ticked tabby markings is

5355: 5350: 5235: 5215: 5210: 4993: 4784: 4774: 4742: 3915:

Lyons, L. A.; Imes, D. L.; Rah, H. C.; Grahn, R. A. (31 March 2005).

2775: 2735: 2688: 2361: 2218: 2202:

cats. They have bent or crooked hair producing springy, crinkled fur.

2165: 1964: 1849: 1496: 1410: 672: 623: 475: 260: 223: 188: 4445:"The naked truth: Sphynx and Devon Rex cat breed mutations in KRT71" 3553:

Cat Colors FAQ: Common Colors - Torties, Patched Tabbies and Calicos

3457: 1076: 5568: 5563: 5490: 5415: 5310: 5200: 5028: 4961: 4951: 4817: 4757: 2214: 2135: 1845: 1816: 1230: 1178: 765: 761: 252: 3108: 2928: 400: 5518: 5461: 5360: 4442: 2653: 2641: 2557:

Tabby agouti, shaded, tipped, smoke, silver, golden, "sunshine" (

1470:. On solid cats, it turns the base of the hair pale, making them 1234: 977: 973:, where two early stage embryos are merged into a single kitten. 889: 866: 780: 691: 4685: 4491: 4062:"Mocha tyrosinase variant: a new flavour of cat coat coloration" 3170: 3111:"Molecular genetics and evolution of melanism in the cat family" 1636:. Resulting in shaded or tipped (chinchilla/shell) pigmentation. 1090: 480: 102:, will produce black eumelanin. It has two recessive variants, 5513: 5430: 5330: 5185: 5003: 4862: 4747: 4560:

Manakhov, A. D.; Andreeva, T. V.; Rogaev, E. I. (28 May 2020).

4355: 3343:"Developmental genetics of color pattern establishment in cats" 2115: 2050: 1222: 784: 493:

Mackerel: thin, dark stripes (sometimes called "tiger stripes")

4643: 3641: 3030: 2130: 1439: 802:, which is associated with . Both variants are present in the 561: 5300: 5290: 2701: 2666: 2540: 2313: 2184: 2005: 1971: 1812: 1570: 949: 89: 4300:

The complete cat breed book - choose the perfect cat for you

4118:"White Tigers Are All Inbred, Cross Eyed and Suffer Greatly" 4020: 3877: 1353:

Comparison of different black (seal, sable) colourpoint cats

888:

The rosette tabby pattern is a pattern similar to that of a

5648: 4884: 4879: 2623: 2381: 756: 699: 1615:

Tabby pattern genes (such as T masking the tabby pattern).

814:) but be nearly or completely nonexistent in homozygotes ( 499:

Spotted: broken bands that look more like individual spots

5013: 4716: 4390: 2053:. However, most breeders consider the German Rex to have 2243: 896:

spots are spread over the body. The pattern is found in

4681:

The Pigment Parade: White and White Spotting in the Cat

4023:"Allelic heterogeneity of albinism in the domestic cat" 3572:"Table: Calico and Black and Orange Tortoiseshell Cats" 3007:"Recessive Brown - The Enigmatic Barrington Brown Gene" 2198:

The Wh gene (dominant, possibly incomplete) results in

1054:

Tortoiseshell cats with small white patches are called

869:

breed that produces silver-tipped black fur similar to

4559: 4060:

Yu, Y.; Grahn, R. A.; Lyons, L. A. (4 February 2019).

3767: 3405: 3073: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 1278:

allele associated with the Siamese colorpoint pattern.

1159:

cats), dominant allele. It only disrupts migration of

191:(black or brown pigment). This gene is located on the 27:

Genetics responsible for the appearance of a cat's fur

4247:"Amazing Color-changing Kittens: What Is Fever Coat?" 2194:

Here are a few other genes resulting in unusual fur:

1605:

The genetic influences on tipped or shaded cats are:

1061: 565:

Agouti hair showing alternating bands along the shaft

1583:

The genetics involved in producing the ideal tabby,

255:" are theorized to be the reason for this variance. 3963: 2913: 2423:(Modifier to tabby) spotted tabby, no modification 2398:(Epistatic to tabby) ticked, full body ticked (see 746:is the dominant allele that produces ticked coats; 4332:"What Is the Difference Between Cat Hair and Fur?" 3458:"Cat Colours and Patterns - Plain English Version" 3409:"The Tabby cat locus maps to feline chromosome B1" 3340: 3283: 3914: 3222: 2106:) may have a tighter curl and less coat volume. ( 1836:Down, awn and guard hairs of a domestic tabby cat 1096:White spotting; blue (gray) and white bicolor cat 1058:cats, a portmanteau of Calico and Tortoiseshell. 976:Tortoiseshells with a relatively small amount of 496:Blotched: thicker bands or whorls of dark pigment 484:A mackerel tabby with the classic "M" on forehead 5758: 4179:"Silver and Gold: Smoke, Shaded and Tipped Cats" 2800: 1189:w=Birman white gloving allele, recessive allele. 1116:respectively), but in fact they are both on the 1082:Dominant white; solid white Norwegian Forest cat 4438: 4436: 3774:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 3166: 3164: 3162: 2898:Cats Are Not Peas: A Calico History of Genetics 2871:Cats Are Not Peas: A Calico History of Genetics 1120:gene. The two have been combined into a single 502:Ticked: No distinct stripes, spots, or blotches 4142: 3829:"The Genetics of Deafness in Domestic Animals" 3637: 3635: 3590:"The Genetics of Deafness in Domestic Animals" 3583: 3581: 1003:Blue tortoiseshell and white (diluted calico) 926:genotype (I-aa) to produce the color known as 833:, dominant to all other alleles at the locus. 4701: 4292: 4290: 4288: 4286: 4284: 4282: 4280: 4278: 3720: 3279: 3277: 2221:production varies greatly between all breeds. 1312:cats having an intermediate phenotype termed 934: 927: 913: 651:produces mackerel tabbies, and the recessive 74: 4433: 4059: 3159: 2976: 2974: 1642:Genes causing sparkling appearance (such as 1347:high frequency of cross-eyes in white tigers 806:breed, and the A18V variant is found in the 4646:Genetics for Cat Breeders and Veterinarians 3632: 3578: 3067: 1568:tabbies. The golden color is caused by the 1434: 984:. Calicos are also known as tricolor cats, 4708: 4694: 4275: 3726: 3514:"8 Questions About Calico Cats — Answered" 3274: 2299:Agouti/tabby, charcoal (cat hybrids, i.e. 2134:Hairless cats are often born even without 1916:, codes for short hair, and the recessive 1260:, there are color mutations at the locus. 1197: 4536: 4518: 4468: 4416: 4326: 4324: 4093: 3997: 3932: 3891: 3854: 3844: 3803: 3793: 3744: 3677: 3659: 3615: 3605: 3432: 3382: 3317: 3257: 3218: 3216: 3196: 3134: 2971: 2954: 2891: 2889: 1981:), the same gene causing hairlessness in 1822: 1212:pattern is most commonly associated with 317:Overview of dilutions in cat coat colors 3727:Webb, A. A.; Cullen, C. L. (June 2010). 2982:"The Basic Self (Solid) Colours of Cats" 2129: 2049:as Cornish, but proposed as a different 2015:). A completely recessive allele termed 1940: 1831: 1799: 1602:more desirable than others by fanciers. 1578: 1438: 1289:(or solid), and is most associated with 998: 988:(meaning "triple fur") in Japanese, and 953:Female black tortoiseshell and white cat 948: 840: 560: 479: 399: 270:The precise identity of the gene at the 146:A male red tabby showing the XY-genotype 31: 2837: 2146:There are also genes for hairlessness: 2072:A hypothetical recessive allele termed 14: 5759: 5069:Associazione Nazionale Felina Italiana 4671:Cat Genetics articles in plain English 4321: 3826: 3587: 3484:"The Pet Connection: Feline Fallacies" 3455: 3224:Menotti-Raymond, M. (September 2012). 3213: 2886: 1345:among colorpoint cats, as well as the 4689: 4296: 4157:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a109401 3702:"Dominant White & White Spotting" 3481: 2895: 2868: 2862: 2244:Loci for coat colour, type and length 2237:Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency 2094:, although sometimes described as an 1038:Tortoiseshell tabbies, also known as 4619: 3871: 3529:"Torties, Calicos and Tricolor Cats" 2845:"Cat Colors FAQ: Cat Color Genetics" 1481: 438:, a mutation at the extension locus 4630: 2231:A recessive autosomal gene spf for 1337:The tyrosine pathway also produces 921:. The dominant allele (I) produces 24: 5094:Governing Council of the Cat Fancy 4612: 3526: 2351:Red, black (sex-linked epistatic) 1908:Cat fur length is governed by the 1896:for cats expressing the mutation. 1062:White spotting and epistatic white 187:(red pigment) completely replaces 25: 5798: 5554:Congenital sensorineural deafness 5109:The International Cat Association 5064:American Cat Fanciers Association 4715: 4664: 2330:Black, brown/chocolate, cinnamon 1912:gene in which the dominant form, 1890: 1717:Black silver tipped (chinchilla) 1547:Cameo shaded (red / cream silver) 1142:congenital sensorineural deafness 1132:locus has the following alleles: 339:Caramel, blue-based caramel (UK) 328:Dilute modifier, double dilution 125: 5741: 5740: 5089:Fédération Internationale Féline 4370:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2007.01590.x 3982:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01409.x 3934:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01253.x 3425:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2006.01458.x 3045:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01864.x 2120:Provisional completely dominant 1928:gene has been identified as the 1827: 1786:Blue golden tipped (chinchilla) 1779: 1763: 1747: 1731: 1710: 1694: 1682: 1666: 1552: 1540: 1528: 1516: 1504: 1447: 1418: 1402: 1387: 1372: 1357: 1089: 1075: 836: 638: 584:allele, controls the coding for 544: 532: 520: 508: 350:Taupe, lilac-based caramel (UK) 232: 215: 153: 139: 4553: 4485: 4384: 4349: 4257: 4239: 4221: 4196: 4171: 4136: 4110: 4053: 4014: 3957: 3908: 3833:Frontiers in Veterinary Science 3820: 3761: 3694: 3594:Frontiers in Veterinary Science 3564: 3546: 3520: 3506: 3475: 3449: 3399: 3334: 3102: 2307:breeds), recessive black/solid 2224:A recessive autosomal gene for 2141: 2041:Provisionally an allele termed 1949: 721: 63: 3024: 2999: 2794: 1618:Silver/melanin inhibitor gene 1219:temperature sensitive mutation 969:, or by a phenomenon known as 657:transmembrane aminopeptidase Q 412: 56:, the stereotypical coat of a 13: 1: 3136:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00128-3 2787: 1903: 1795: 1029: 1026:constitute a separate color. 4520:10.1371/journal.pone.0067105 2687:), normal hair, curly coat ( 2205:A hypothetical Yuc gene, or 602:or "hypermelanistic" allele 79: 7: 5723:List of longest-living cats 5604:Lower urinary tract disease 5584:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 5104:Southern Africa Cat Council 4208:FelineGenetics.Missouri.edu 3189:10.1534/genetics.109.109629 2947:10.1534/genetics.108.095240 2728: 2375:Mackerel, classic/blotched 1945:Wavy fur of a Devon Rex cat 1673:Black silver spotted tabby 1535:Tipped (chinchilla / shell) 877:of the domestic cat to the 277: 10: 5803: 5079:Cat Aficionado Association 4305:Dorling Kindersley Limited 3588:Strain, George M. (2015). 3367:10.1038/s41467-021-25348-2 2761:Equine coat color genetics 2637:L, l (M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) 1953: 1930:fibroblast growth factor 5 1770:Black golden ticked tabby 1754:Black golden ticked tabby 1701:Cameo (red silver) shaded 1495:, but it is most likely a 1201: 938: 935:Tortoiseshells and calicos 752:Dickkopf-related protein 4 594:). The wild-type dominant 473: 469: 75:Eumelanin and phaeomelanin 67: 5736: 5710: 5667: 5559:Feline corneal sequestrum 5527: 5489: 5449: 5146: 5127: 5084:Cat Fanciers' Association 5054: 4920: 4843: 4798: 4723: 4648:. Butterworth-Heinemann. 4461:10.1007/s00335-010-9290-6 2815:10.1007/s00335-004-2455-4 2718:Normal hair, curly coat ( 2157:hd=British hairless cat, 1151:w (or S)=white spotting ( 821:It was once thought that 556: 5074:Canadian Cat Association 4303:(2nd ed.). London: 3846:10.3389/fvets.2015.00029 3607:10.3389/fvets.2015.00029 2656:, most longhair breeds, 1738:Sunshine blotched tabby 1456:series is caused by the 1435:Silver and golden series 1241:locus contains the gene 900:cat breeds, such as the 586:agouti signaling protein 361:Fawn-based caramel (UK) 114:being recessive to both 70:Introduction to genetics 5718:List of individual cats 4397:The Journal of Heredity 4145:The Journal of Heredity 3795:10.1073/pnas.1410083111 3250:10.1126/science.1220893 2164:Hp=Russian Donskoy and 2150:h=French hairless cat, 1198:Colorpoint and albinism 444:melanocortin 1 receptor 239:A blue (diluted black) 164:showing the XX-genotype 52:colorpoint) could wear 5594:Infectious peritonitis 5589:Immunodeficiency virus 3827:Strain, G. M. (2015). 3558:5 October 2011 at the 2138: 1946: 1837: 1823:Fur length and texture 1805: 1650:in the Tennessee Rex, 1444: 1007: 954: 853: 798:) result in decreased 566: 485: 409: 222:A cream (diluted red) 37: 5659:Viral rhinotracheitis 5634:Tritrichomonas foetus 5099:New Zealand Cat Fancy 4967:Cats in ancient Egypt 4633:"Coat Color Genetics" 4409:10.1093/jhered/esm072 3661:10.3390/genes13061006 3488:VeterinaryPartner.com 3347:Nature Communications 2896:Gould, Laura (2007), 2869:Gould, Laura (2007), 2133: 1944: 1835: 1803: 1579:Tipped or shaded cats 1442: 1304:are codominant, with 1002: 952: 844: 825:was an allele of the 580:allele and recessive 564: 483: 452:Norwegian Forest cats 406:Norwegian Forest cats 403: 35: 5221:Colorpoint Shorthair 5119:World Cat Federation 4853:Cat–dog relationship 4631:Lorimer, Heather E. 4620:Jude, A. C. (1955). 3516:. 14 September 2020. 2646:Norwegian Forest Cat 2607:Norwegian Forest Cat 1874:Norwegian Forest cat 1285:is an allele called 1233:to pigment, such as 1069:White spotting locus 963:Klinefelter syndrome 576:, with its dominant 5421:Traditional Persian 5206:California Spangled 5176:Brazilian Shorthair 4972:Cultural depictions 4957:Cat-scratch disease 4511:2013PLoSO...867105G 4297:Bryan, Kim (2021). 4271:. 22 February 2017. 4204:"Silver and Golden" 3786:2014PNAS..11117230M 3780:(48): 17230–17235. 3359:2021NatCo..12.5127K 3242:2012Sci...337.1536K 3236:(6101): 1536–1541. 3127:2003CBio...13..448E 2467:Silver, non-silver 2096:incomplete dominant 1173:heterozygote (W or 1166:heterozygote (W or 696:base pair insertion 318: 18:White spotting gene 5782:Animal coat colors 5341:Oriental Shorthair 5251:European Shorthair 5166:American Shorthair 5114:World Cat Congress 4269:TheBestCatPage.com 4235:. 7 February 2018. 4124:. 25 November 2008 2771:Point (coat color) 2680:Se, se/Re, re, hr 2139: 1947: 1838: 1806: 1445: 1008: 955: 854: 709:The wild-type (in 567: 527:Blotched / classic 486: 410: 316: 84:The browning gene 38: 5754: 5753: 5579:Hepatic lipidosis 5485: 5484: 5181:British Shorthair 4790:Tortoiseshell cat 4626:. All-Pets Books. 4578:10.1111/age.12958 4455:(9–10): 509–515. 4078:10.1111/age.12765 4039:10.1111/age.12503 3893:10.1111/age.13438 3527:French, Barbara. 3482:Spadafori, Gina. 3302:10.1111/age.13059 3088:10.1111/age.12505 2781:Tortoiseshell cat 2756:Dog coat genetics 2726: 2725: 2691:), hairlessness ( 2571:Barrington Brown 2412:Spotted Modifier 1866:British Shorthair 1772:British Shorthair 1756:British Shorthair 1482:Wide band factors 1458:Melanin inhibitor 1339:neurotransmitters 1227:metabolic pathway 1005:British Shorthair 941:Tortoiseshell cat 914:inhibited pigment 426:Dilution modifier 398: 397: 241:tortoiseshell cat 197:tortoiseshell cat 162:tortoiseshell cat 110:(cinnamon), with 41:Cat coat genetics 16:(Redirected from 5794: 5744: 5743: 5728:Cats in folklore 5326:Norwegian Forest 5296:Kurilian Bobtail 5276:Japanese Bobtail 5256:Exotic Shorthair 5144: 5143: 5009:National Cat Day 4766: 4710: 4703: 4696: 4687: 4686: 4676:Cat Gene Symbols 4659: 4640: 4635:. Archived from 4627: 4606: 4605: 4557: 4551: 4550: 4540: 4522: 4489: 4483: 4482: 4472: 4449:Mammalian Genome 4440: 4431: 4430: 4420: 4388: 4382: 4381: 4353: 4347: 4346: 4344: 4342: 4328: 4319: 4318: 4294: 4273: 4272: 4261: 4255: 4254: 4243: 4237: 4236: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4200: 4194: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4175: 4169: 4168: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4131: 4129: 4114: 4108: 4107: 4097: 4057: 4051: 4050: 4018: 4012: 4011: 4001: 3961: 3955: 3954: 3936: 3912: 3906: 3905: 3895: 3875: 3869: 3868: 3858: 3848: 3824: 3818: 3817: 3807: 3797: 3765: 3759: 3758: 3748: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3698: 3692: 3691: 3681: 3663: 3639: 3630: 3629: 3619: 3609: 3585: 3576: 3575: 3568: 3562: 3550: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3524: 3518: 3517: 3510: 3504: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3490:. Archived from 3479: 3473: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3453: 3447: 3446: 3436: 3403: 3397: 3396: 3386: 3338: 3332: 3331: 3321: 3281: 3272: 3271: 3261: 3220: 3211: 3210: 3200: 3168: 3157: 3156: 3138: 3106: 3100: 3099: 3071: 3065: 3064: 3028: 3022: 3021: 3019: 3017: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2994: 2992: 2978: 2969: 2968: 2958: 2941:(4): 1415–1425. 2926: 2911: 2910: 2893: 2884: 2883: 2866: 2860: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2841: 2835: 2834: 2803:Mammalian Genome 2798: 2615:Kurilian Bobtail 2500:Dilute Modifier 2248: 2247: 2183:. Identified on 2014: 1993:found in Sphynx. 1980: 1937: 1885:Neva Masquerades 1783: 1767: 1751: 1735: 1714: 1698: 1689:Black smoke cat. 1686: 1670: 1654:in the Chausie). 1593: 1544: 1532: 1520: 1508: 1487:by hypothetical 1422: 1413:(lynx) point cat 1406: 1391: 1376: 1361: 1252: 1204:Point coloration 1093: 1079: 859:pattern modifier 711:African wildcats 670: 593: 548: 536: 524: 512: 419:Barrington Brown 404:Two amber tabby 333:Black ("brown") 319: 315: 303: 236: 219: 157: 143: 106:(chocolate) and 97: 54:point coloration 21: 5802: 5801: 5797: 5796: 5795: 5793: 5792: 5791: 5757: 5756: 5755: 5750: 5732: 5706: 5669:Cats by country 5663: 5530: 5523: 5481: 5445: 5321:Neva Masquerade 5148: 5135: 5129: 5123: 5050: 4923: 4916: 4907:Righting reflex 4839: 4794: 4762: 4719: 4714: 4667: 4662: 4656: 4615: 4613:Further reading 4610: 4609: 4566:Animal Genetics 4558: 4554: 4490: 4486: 4441: 4434: 4389: 4385: 4358:Animal Genetics 4354: 4350: 4340: 4338: 4336:The Spruce Pets 4330: 4329: 4322: 4315: 4295: 4276: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4253:. 20 July 2017. 4245: 4244: 4240: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4202: 4201: 4197: 4187: 4185: 4177: 4176: 4172: 4141: 4137: 4127: 4125: 4116: 4115: 4111: 4066:Animal Genetics 4058: 4054: 4027:Animal Genetics 4019: 4015: 3970:Animal Genetics 3962: 3958: 3921:Animal Genetics 3913: 3909: 3884:Animal Genetics 3876: 3872: 3825: 3821: 3766: 3762: 3725: 3721: 3711: 3709: 3706:VGL.UCDavis.edu 3700: 3699: 3695: 3640: 3633: 3586: 3579: 3570: 3569: 3565: 3560:Wayback Machine 3551: 3547: 3537: 3535: 3525: 3521: 3512: 3511: 3507: 3497: 3495: 3494:on 12 June 2008 3480: 3476: 3466: 3464: 3454: 3450: 3404: 3400: 3339: 3335: 3290:Animal Genetics 3282: 3275: 3221: 3214: 3169: 3160: 3115:Current Biology 3107: 3103: 3076:Animal Genetics 3072: 3068: 3033:Animal Genetics 3029: 3025: 3015: 3013: 3005: 3004: 3000: 2990: 2988: 2980: 2979: 2972: 2927: 2914: 2908: 2894: 2887: 2881: 2867: 2863: 2853: 2851: 2843: 2842: 2838: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2731: 2605:Normal, amber ( 2272:Allele Variants 2246: 2144: 2010: 1976: 1958: 1952: 1933: 1906: 1893: 1830: 1825: 1798: 1791: 1784: 1775: 1768: 1759: 1752: 1743: 1736: 1722: 1715: 1706: 1699: 1690: 1687: 1678: 1671: 1646:in the Bengal, 1587: 1581: 1561:tabbies, or in 1555: 1548: 1545: 1536: 1533: 1524: 1521: 1512: 1509: 1484: 1450: 1437: 1430: 1423: 1414: 1409:Black blotched 1407: 1398: 1392: 1383: 1377: 1368: 1362: 1248: 1206: 1200: 1101: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1094: 1085: 1084: 1083: 1080: 1071: 1070: 1064: 1032: 947: 939:Main articles: 937: 839: 724: 666: 641: 589: 559: 552: 549: 540: 537: 528: 525: 516: 513: 478: 472: 415: 366:Red ("orange") 299: 280: 249: 247: 246: 245: 244: 243: 237: 228: 227: 226: 220: 211: 210: 169: 168: 167: 166: 165: 160:A female black 158: 149: 148: 147: 144: 135: 134: 128: 93: 82: 77: 72: 66: 46:Neva Masquerade 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5800: 5790: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5752: 5751: 5749: 5748: 5737: 5734: 5733: 5731: 5730: 5725: 5720: 5714: 5712: 5708: 5707: 5705: 5704: 5699: 5697:United Kingdom 5694: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5673: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5661: 5656: 5651: 5646: 5644:Skin disorders 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5599:Leukemia virus 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5576: 5571: 5566: 5561: 5556: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5535: 5533: 5525: 5524: 5522: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5495: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5453: 5451: 5447: 5446: 5444: 5443: 5438: 5436:Turkish Angora 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5216:Chinese Li Hua 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5163: 5158: 5152: 5150: 5141: 5125: 5124: 5122: 5121: 5116: 5111: 5106: 5101: 5096: 5091: 5086: 5081: 5076: 5071: 5066: 5060: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5048: 5043: 5042: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4999:Cats and Islam 4996: 4991: 4986: 4985: 4984: 4979: 4969: 4964: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4928: 4926: 4918: 4917: 4915: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4888: 4887: 4882: 4872: 4871: 4870: 4860: 4855: 4849: 4847: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4837: 4832: 4831: 4830: 4825: 4815: 4810: 4804: 4802: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4740: 4735: 4729: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4713: 4712: 4705: 4698: 4690: 4684: 4683: 4678: 4673: 4666: 4665:External links 4663: 4661: 4660: 4654: 4641: 4639:on 4 May 2007. 4628: 4616: 4614: 4611: 4608: 4607: 4572:(4): 584–589. 4552: 4484: 4432: 4403:(6): 555–566. 4383: 4364:(3): 218–221. 4348: 4320: 4313: 4274: 4256: 4238: 4220: 4195: 4183:messybeast.com 4170: 4151:(6): 427–428. 4135: 4122:Big Cat Rescue 4109: 4072:(2): 182–186. 4052: 4033:(1): 127–128. 4013: 3976:(2): 175–178. 3956: 3927:(2): 119–126. 3907: 3870: 3819: 3760: 3739:(6): 653–657. 3719: 3693: 3631: 3577: 3563: 3545: 3519: 3505: 3474: 3462:messybeast.com 3448: 3419:(4): 383–386. 3398: 3333: 3296:(3): 321–332. 3273: 3212: 3183:(1): 267–275. 3158: 3121:(5): 448–453. 3101: 3082:(1): 116–120. 3066: 3039:(4): 547–552. 3023: 3011:messybeast.com 2998: 2986:messybeast.com 2970: 2912: 2906: 2885: 2879: 2861: 2836: 2809:(5): 356–366. 2792: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2758: 2753: 2751:Deaf white cat 2748: 2743: 2738: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2724: 2723: 2716: 2713: 2708: 2707:Rex (Cornish) 2705: 2697: 2696: 2681: 2678: 2673: 2670: 2662: 2661: 2638: 2635: 2630: 2627: 2619: 2618: 2603: 2600: 2595: 2592: 2584: 2583: 2580: 2577: 2572: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2555: 2552: 2547: 2544: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2531:W, w, w, w, w 2529: 2524: 2521: 2513: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2501: 2498: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2485: 2480: 2477: 2469: 2468: 2465: 2462: 2457: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2444: 2443:C, c, c, c, c 2441: 2436: 2433: 2425: 2424: 2421: 2418: 2413: 2410: 2404: 2403: 2396: 2393: 2388: 2385: 2377: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2365: 2359: 2353: 2352: 2349: 2346: 2341: 2338: 2332: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2320: 2317: 2309: 2308: 2297: 2294: 2289: 2286: 2280: 2279: 2274: 2269: 2264: 2254: 2245: 2242: 2241: 2240: 2229: 2222: 2207:York Chocolate 2203: 2189: 2188: 2173: 2162: 2155: 2143: 2140: 2128: 2127: 2126: 2125: 2113: 2112: 2111: 2090:allele termed 2079: 2078: 2077: 2064: 2063: 2062: 2036: 2035: 2034: 2022: 2021: 2020: 1996: 1995: 1994: 1954:Main article: 1951: 1948: 1905: 1902: 1892: 1891:Coat mutations 1889: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1797: 1794: 1793: 1792: 1785: 1778: 1776: 1769: 1762: 1760: 1753: 1746: 1744: 1737: 1730: 1728: 1724: 1723: 1716: 1709: 1707: 1700: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1681: 1679: 1672: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1658: 1655: 1640: 1637: 1630: 1623: 1616: 1613: 1580: 1577: 1554: 1551: 1550: 1549: 1546: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1527: 1525: 1522: 1515: 1513: 1510: 1503: 1483: 1480: 1449: 1446: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1431: 1424: 1417: 1415: 1408: 1401: 1399: 1393: 1386: 1384: 1378: 1371: 1369: 1363: 1356: 1354: 1335: 1334: 1328: 1321: 1294: 1279: 1268: 1221:in one of the 1202:Main article: 1199: 1196: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1182: 1171: 1149: 1122:white spotting 1095: 1088: 1087: 1086: 1081: 1074: 1073: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1066: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1052: 1051: 1036: 1031: 1028: 1012:diluted calico 978:white spotting 959:X-inactivation 936: 933: 932: 931: 909: 886: 863: 838: 835: 723: 720: 706:coat variant. 640: 637: 618:allele of the 558: 555: 554: 553: 550: 543: 541: 538: 531: 529: 526: 519: 517: 514: 507: 504: 503: 500: 497: 494: 474:Main article: 471: 468: 467: 466: 458: 455: 433: 422: 414: 411: 396: 395: 392: 389: 385: 384: 381: 378: 374: 373: 370: 367: 363: 362: 359: 356: 352: 351: 348: 345: 341: 340: 337: 336:Blue ("gray") 334: 330: 329: 326: 323: 279: 276: 238: 231: 230: 229: 221: 214: 213: 212: 209:Diluted colors 208: 207: 206: 205: 159: 152: 151: 150: 145: 138: 137: 136: 132: 131: 130: 129: 127: 126:Sex-linked red 124: 81: 78: 76: 73: 65: 62: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5799: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5747: 5739: 5738: 5735: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5709: 5703: 5702:United States 5700: 5698: 5695: 5693: 5690: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5674: 5672: 5670: 5666: 5660: 5657: 5655: 5654:Toxoplasmosis 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5609:Panleukopenia 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5585: 5582: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5550: 5547: 5545: 5542: 5540: 5537: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5526: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5488: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5452: 5448: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5376:Scottish Fold 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5161:American Curl 5159: 5157: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5133: 5126: 5120: 5117: 5115: 5112: 5110: 5107: 5105: 5102: 5100: 5097: 5095: 5092: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5075: 5072: 5070: 5067: 5065: 5062: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5053: 5047: 5044: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5021: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4995: 4992: 4990: 4987: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4974: 4973: 4970: 4968: 4965: 4963: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4950: 4948: 4945: 4943: 4940: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4927: 4925: 4919: 4913: 4910: 4908: 4905: 4903: 4902:Play and toys 4900: 4898: 4895: 4893: 4890: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4876: 4875:Communication 4873: 4869: 4866: 4865: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4856: 4854: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4842: 4836: 4833: 4829: 4826: 4824: 4823:dental health 4821: 4820: 4819: 4816: 4814: 4811: 4809: 4806: 4805: 4803: 4801: 4797: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4773: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4764:Coat genetics 4761: 4759: 4756: 4754: 4751: 4749: 4746: 4744: 4741: 4739: 4736: 4734: 4731: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4717:Domestic cats 4711: 4706: 4704: 4699: 4697: 4692: 4691: 4688: 4682: 4679: 4677: 4674: 4672: 4669: 4668: 4657: 4655:9780750640695 4651: 4647: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4629: 4625: 4624: 4618: 4617: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4556: 4548: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4521: 4516: 4512: 4508: 4505:(6): e67105. 4504: 4500: 4496: 4488: 4480: 4476: 4471: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4439: 4437: 4428: 4424: 4419: 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3567: 3561: 3557: 3554: 3549: 3534: 3530: 3523: 3515: 3509: 3493: 3489: 3485: 3478: 3463: 3459: 3452: 3444: 3440: 3435: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3402: 3394: 3390: 3385: 3380: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3320: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3291: 3287: 3280: 3278: 3269: 3265: 3260: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3219: 3217: 3208: 3204: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3167: 3165: 3163: 3154: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3105: 3097: 3093: 3089: 3085: 3081: 3077: 3070: 3062: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3046: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3027: 3012: 3008: 3002: 2987: 2983: 2977: 2975: 2966: 2962: 2957: 2952: 2948: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2925: 2923: 2921: 2919: 2917: 2909: 2907:9781568813202 2903: 2899: 2892: 2890: 2882: 2880:9781568813202 2876: 2872: 2865: 2850: 2846: 2840: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2797: 2793: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2757: 2754: 2752: 2749: 2747: 2744: 2742: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2733: 2721: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2668: 2664: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2640:Short, long ( 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2628: 2626: 2625: 2621: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2591: 2590: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2578: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2543: 2542: 2538: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2519: 2515: 2514: 2510: 2507: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2481: 2478: 2476: 2475: 2471: 2470: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2397: 2394: 2392: 2389: 2387:Ticked Tabby 2386: 2384: 2383: 2379: 2378: 2374: 2371: 2369: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2358: 2357:LVRN / Taqpep 2355: 2354: 2350: 2347: 2345: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2333: 2329: 2326: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2315: 2311: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2285: 2282: 2281: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2268: 2267:Locus Symbols 2265: 2263: 2262: 2258: 2255: 2253: 2250: 2249: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2227: 2223: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2160: 2156: 2153: 2149: 2148: 2147: 2137: 2132: 2123: 2119: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2109: 2105: 2101: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2075: 2071: 2070: 2068: 2065: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2037: 2032: 2031: 2026: 2025: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2007: 2002: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1979: 1974: 1973: 1968: 1967: 1966: 1963: 1962: 1961: 1957: 1943: 1939: 1936: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1919: 1915: 1911: 1901: 1897: 1888: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1863: 1857: 1853: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1834: 1828:Cat coat hair 1820: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1802: 1789: 1782: 1777: 1773: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1750: 1745: 1741: 1734: 1729: 1727:Golden series 1726: 1725: 1720: 1713: 1708: 1704: 1697: 1692: 1685: 1680: 1676: 1669: 1664: 1662:Silver series 1661: 1660: 1656: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1597: 1591: 1586: 1576: 1573: 1572: 1567: 1564: 1563:Siberian cats 1560: 1553:Golden series 1543: 1538: 1531: 1526: 1519: 1514: 1507: 1502: 1501: 1500: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1468: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1448:Silver series 1441: 1428: 1427:tortoiseshell 1421: 1416: 1412: 1405: 1400: 1397: 1390: 1385: 1382: 1375: 1370: 1367: 1360: 1355: 1352: 1351: 1350: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1332: 1329: 1326: 1322: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1292: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1266: 1263: 1262: 1261: 1259: 1254: 1251: 1246: 1245: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1215: 1211: 1205: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1169: 1165: 1164: 1162: 1158: 1154: 1150: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1134: 1133: 1131: 1127: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1092: 1078: 1059: 1057: 1049: 1045: 1041: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1027: 1023: 1021: 1020:clouded tiger 1017: 1013: 1006: 1001: 997: 995: 994:tortoiseshell 991: 987: 983: 979: 974: 972: 968: 964: 960: 951: 946: 942: 929: 924: 920: 916: 915: 910: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 884: 880: 876: 875:hybridization 872: 868: 864: 860: 857:Other genes ( 856: 855: 851: 848:pattern in a 847: 843: 834: 832: 829:gene, called 828: 824: 819: 817: 813: 809: 805: 801: 797: 793: 789: 786: 782: 778: 774: 770: 767: 763: 759: 758: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 733: 729: 719: 716: 712: 707: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 685: 681: 678: 674: 669: 664: 663: 658: 654: 650: 646: 639:Dark markings 636: 634: 629: 625: 621: 617: 612: 609: 605: 601: 597: 592: 587: 583: 579: 575: 573: 563: 547: 542: 535: 530: 523: 518: 511: 506: 505: 501: 498: 495: 492: 491: 490: 482: 477: 463: 459: 456: 453: 449: 445: 441: 437: 434: 431: 427: 423: 420: 417: 416: 407: 402: 393: 390: 387: 386: 382: 379: 376: 375: 371: 368: 365: 364: 360: 357: 354: 353: 349: 346: 343: 342: 338: 335: 332: 331: 327: 324: 321: 320: 314: 312: 307: 302: 297: 293: 289: 285: 284:Dense pigment 275: 273: 268: 266: 262: 258: 254: 242: 235: 225: 218: 204: 202: 201:Klinefelter's 198: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 163: 156: 142: 123: 121: 117: 113: 109: 105: 101: 96: 91: 87: 71: 61: 59: 55: 51: 47: 42: 34: 30: 19: 5772:Cat genetics 5529:Diseases and 5371:Russian Blue 5246:Egyptian Mau 5138:experimental 4989:Dog-like cat 4932:Ailurophobia 4897:Intelligence 4763: 4753:Odd-eyed cat 4645: 4637:the original 4623:Cat Genetics 4622: 4569: 4565: 4555: 4502: 4498: 4487: 4452: 4448: 4400: 4396: 4386: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4339:. 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