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The whāngai system developed before the development of New
Zealand's current legal rules on adoption and fostering and operates parallel with it, but is recognised by New Zealand law. It does not follow the strictures of the Adoption Act of 1955, for example, which supported the idea of a complete
55:(Māori customary practice). There are still some restrictions within the law regarding the rights of whāngai children which differ from those of legally adopted children. For instance, a child of a whāngai adoption cannot challenge a will under the Family Protection Act.
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break between birth and adoptive families. The whāngai system is still in use in more traditional Māori communities. Te Ture Whenua Māori Act 1993 provided a firmer legal basis for the practice, particularly in regards to inheritance law, and formalised whāngai as
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Whāngai is a community process rather than a legal process, and usually involves a child being brought up by a close relative, either because his or her parents have died or because they are unable to look after the child. The adoptive parent is known as a
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is usually closely involved in the decision to adopt and in helping with the child's development. Whāngai may be temporary or permanent.
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Sharing the Love documentary brings Māori adoption custom whāngai to light
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169:," New Zealand Government, 27 April 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
23:(literally, "to nourish"), is a traditional method of
58:Several well-known Māori have been brought up as
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238:, 27 December 2018. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
148:Whāngai – customary fostering and adoption
96:explores whāngai in modern New Zealand.
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270:Adoption forms and related practices
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153:Te Ara Encyclopedia of New Zealand
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203:Young, Audrey (12 March 2011).
106:Cultural variations in adoption
80:Governor-General of New Zealand
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180:"Citizens Advice Bureau"
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275:Adoption in New Zealand
260:Māori words and phrases
209:The New Zealand Herald
88:The 2018 documentary
205:"Man of the people"
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