20:
832:
316:
districts, Native
American tribes and rural electric cooperatives. A law may also designate specific entities that must receive preference in power sales from a particular powerplant or project. WAPA has some discretion regarding which preference entities should receive power and has allocated power to wildlife refuges, universities and mass transit systems.
319:
Sometimes, legislation specifies a geographic area that receives priority to
Federal hydropower. WAPA also places geographic limits on the marketing of power, which define the location of eligible customers. Marketing area boundaries are usually based on past marketing practices, the location of the
261:
WAPA’s transmission system includes power lines, substations, power transformers, communication towers, circuit breakers, interconnections and direct-current ties. WAPA personnel both maintain this system and operate balancing authorities, ensuring energy supply matches demand 24 hours a day. WAPA
344:
WAPA employees conduct power sales, transmission operations and maintenance and engineering services at 51 duty stations organized under four regions, a management center and headquarters. The regions and management centers oversee the power and transmission contracts, operations and maintenance
175:
WAPA first reserves power to meet project needs called project-use power; this energy powers the facilities at the dams and pumps water at
Federal irrigation projects. WAPA then sells the surplus generation at cost-based rates to preference power customers under long-term contracts. Any remaining
171:
Hydropower is considered a byproduct of the federal dams whose primary purpose is to store water for irrigation and to provide navigation and flood control. Before hydropower, multiple other uses were adopted for federal dams, including municipal and industrial water needs, recreation, salinity
200:
WAPA sells the generation from dams and powerplants on a project-specific basis. A project may consist of one large powerplant or the combined generation of several powerplants of varying sizes. Although
Congress often determines the definition of a project, WAPA has combined projects into 11
315:
Various laws, including the
Reclamation Project Act of 1939, require WAPA to give preference to certain types of non-profit organizations seeking to purchase Federal power. Preference customers include state and Federal agencies, water and irrigation districts, municipalities, public utility
179:
Cost-based rates are designed to cover annual operations and maintenance and the federal investment in the facilities, plus interest. WAPA only charges market rates when selling surplus hydropower and transmission capacity in the open market after meeting all contractual obligations.
150:
WAPA was created in
Section 302 of the Department of Energy Organization Act signed into law by President Jimmy Carter, Aug. 4, 1977. Under the statute, WAPA assumed power marketing responsibilities and ownership, operation and maintenance of the federal transmission system from the
163:
WAPA's hydropower resources are produced at federal dams in 11 states, representing about 40 percent of hydroelectric generation in the western and central United States. WAPA also formerly marketed the United States’ 547-megawatt entitlement from the coal-fired
332:
amended the Hoover Power Plant Act of 1984 to give WAPA authority to borrow up to $ 3.25 billion from the U.S. Treasury to pursue transmission projects that promote the delivery of renewable generation into the electric transmission grid.
257:
area. The transmission capacity is first reserved to deliver the contractually obligated hydropower to customers. Any other utility may purchase remaining capacity on WAPA’s system on the Open Access, Same-Time
Information System.
23:
Western Area Power
Administration, as one of four power marketing administrations in the U.S. Department of Energy, is responsible for marketing and delivering wholesale federal hydropower to customers in 15 central and western
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1618:
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1543:
336:
To implement that authority, WAPA created the
Transmission Infrastructure Program (TIP). Two projects have been completed under this authority, and several others are in the development process.
71:
system to more than 700 preference power customers across the West. Those customers, in turn, provide retail electric service to more than 40 million consumers. WAPA is headquartered in the
1668:
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572:
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752:
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WAPA owns, operates and maintains a more than 17,000-circuit-mile, high-voltage transmission system that represents more than 10 percent of the transmission lines in the
1765:
1513:
962:
155:. Reclamation retained responsibility for other uses of the multi-purpose water projects, including dam and powerplant construction, operation and maintenance.
245:
WAPA and its energy-producing partners are separately managed and financed. In addition, each water project maintains a separate financial system and records.
172:
control and fish and wildlife. Initial powerplants at the dams were constructed to first serve project-use loads and then to provide revenue from power sales.
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1822:
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while centralized functions, such as finance, information technology, safety and security, are handled by headquarters.
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773:
282:
1593:
1435:
1115:
1000:
413:
Senior VP and Chief
Administrative Officer and Transmission Infrastructure Program Manager Paul Schwabe
573:
Western Area Power Administration-Desert Southwest Region Reaches Settlement Agreement with FERC, NERC
1583:
1309:
1166:
1156:
1088:
165:
33:
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905:
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1139:
1037:
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611:
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1603:
1012:
890:
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Senior VP and Colorado River Storage Project Management Center Manager Rodney Bailey (acting)
286:
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53:
547:
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powerplants generating the electricity being sold, state boundary lines or river drainages.
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1598:
1533:
1518:
1410:
1363:
383:
8:
1628:
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rate-setting systems to sell the power and set rates more effectively and efficiently:
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1503:
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519:
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76:
68:
597:
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274:
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72:
706:
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1272:
970:
446:
301:
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also offers ancillary services to customers to ensure reliable grid operations.
176:
hydropower is then sold at market-based prices on the short-term spot market.
1811:
1445:
1289:
1252:
410:
Senior VP and Assistant Administrator for Corporate Liaison Dionne Thompson
127:
123:
65:
82:
WAPA’s service territory spans 15 central and western states, including
1420:
789:
119:
87:
45:
612:"H.R.4275 - 98th Congress (1983-1984): Hoover Powerplant Act of 1984"
398:
Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer Tina Ko (acting)
300:
WAPA also owns and operates many electric power substations like the
103:
64:. WAPA delivers this power through a more than 17,000-circuit-mile,
1081:
1076:
293:
in 2000-01. Another important transmission corridor WAPA built was
111:
91:
294:
278:
266:
139:
107:
83:
846:
Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, & Energy Response
821:
561:
FERC Approves Fourth Settlement in 2011 Southwest Blackout Case
115:
99:
425:
Senior VP and Upper Great Plains Regional Manager Lloyd Linke
419:
Senior VP and Rocky Mountain Regional Manager Barton Barnhart
131:
1393:
1257:
422:
Senior VP and Sierra Nevada Regional Manager Sonja Anderson
416:
Senior VP and Desert Southwest Regional Manager Jack Murray
135:
95:
168:
near Page, Arizona until its closure on 18 November 2019.
49:
404:
Senior VP and Chief Information Officer Michael Montoya
447:"Department of Energy Organization Act (1977 - S. 826)"
307:
WAPA settled with FERC and NERC for the 2011 blackout.
760:
407:
Senior VP and General Counsel Ron Klinefelter (acting)
401:
Senior VP and Chief Financial Officer Michael Peterson
323:
16:
Power administration in the U.S. Department of Energy
871:
Under Secretary of Energy for Science and Innovation
382:Colorado River Storage Project Management Center,
289:. That bottleneck was one of the reasons for the
190:nonfirm energy and short-term sales and purchases
1809:
916:Assistant Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Energy
896:Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
1569:City of Long Beach Department of Gas and Water
853:Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security
812:Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
330:American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
187:long-term firm power and other long term sales
1619:Power & Water Resources Pooling Authority
1379:
1241:Energy Department Facilities and Reservations
901:Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management
746:
841:Under Secretary of Energy for Infrastructure
1823:United States Department of Energy agencies
1776:Surprise Valley Electrification Corporation
183:WAPA offers four basic types of contracts:
62:International Boundary and Water Commission
1715:Southern California Public Power Authority
1386:
1372:
753:
739:
269:corridor that connects power grids in the
265:WAPA built several parts of the important
1649:San Francisco Public Utilities Commission
1564:Los Angeles Department of Water and Power
1833:1977 establishments in the United States
1771:Plumas-Sierra Rural Electric Cooperative
1731:California Department of Water Resources
1694:Victorville Municipal Utilities Services
1674:Truckee Donner Public Utilities District
1659:Shelter Cove Resort Improvement District
1544:Kirkwood Meadows Public Utility District
1394:Electric and gas utilities in California
861:National Nuclear Security Administration
822:Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy
585:"Reclamation Project Act of 1939 U.S.C."
255:Western Electricity Coordinating Council
18:
1838:Government agencies established in 1977
304:to distribute power within the region.
238:Salt Lake City Area Integrated Projects
1810:
490:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
395:Administrator and CEO Tracey A. LeBeau
339:
248:
48:generated at 57 hydroelectric federal
1828:Companies based in Lakewood, Colorado
1818:Public utilities of the United States
1644:Sacramento Municipal Utility District
1367:
734:
707:"About the Upper Great Plains Region"
626:"Transmission Infrastructure Program"
58:United States Army Corps of Engineers
1353:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
563:Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
376:Upper Great Plains Regional Office,
506:"Power Marketing - Power Contracts"
324:Transmission Infrastructure Program
310:
13:
1624:Rancho Cucamonga Municipal Utility
762:United States Department of Energy
358:Desert Southwest Regional Office,
281:). Recently, WAPA helped remedy a
158:
14:
1849:
1736:Western Area Power Administration
1669:Trinity Public Utilities District
1549:Lassen Municipal Utility District
953:Western Area Power Administration
948:Southwestern Power Administration
943:Southeastern Power Administration
817:Energy Information Administration
679:"About the Rocky Mountain Region"
277:(the rest was privately built by
230:Pick-Sloan Missouri Basin Program
38:Western Area Power Administration
1710:Northern California Power Agency
1584:Moreno Valley Electrical Utility
830:
693:"About the Sierra Nevada Region"
364:Rocky Mountain Regional Office,
44:)'s role is to market wholesale
1797:Morongo Band of Mission Indians
1499:City of Industry Public Utility
938:Bonneville Power Administration
713:
699:
685:
671:
657:
643:
618:
604:
590:
370:Sierra Nevada Regional Office,
30:power marketing administrations
930:Power Marketing Administration
577:
566:
554:
540:
526:
512:
498:
453:
439:
1:
432:
291:California electricity crisis
1745:Community choice aggregation
1539:Imperial Irrigation District
7:
1679:Turlock Irrigation District
1579:Modesto Irrigation District
1529:Healdsburg Electric Utility
774:James V. Forrestal Building
10:
1854:
1654:Shasta Lake Public Utility
1634:Riverside Public Utilities
1599:Pasadena Water & Power
1574:Merced Irrigation District
1534:Hercules Municipal Utility
1519:Glendale Water & Power
1346:Related Independent Agency
963:National Laboratory System
804:Deputy Secretary of Energy
794:Deputy Secretary of Energy
145:
1785:Native American utilities
1784:
1766:Anza Electric Cooperative
1758:
1744:
1723:
1702:
1494:Cerritos Electric Utility
1484:Biggs Municipal Utilities
1454:
1399:
1345:
1240:
961:
928:
914:
869:
851:
839:
828:
802:
768:
598:"Project marketing areas"
166:Navajo Generating Station
34:U.S. Department of Energy
1792:Aha Macav Power Service
1703:Joint powers authorities
1629:Redding Electric Utility
1604:Pittsburg Public Utility
1594:Palo Alto Public Utility
1524:Gridley Electric Utility
1514:Eastside Power Authority
1479:Banning Public Utilities
1469:Anaheim Public Utilities
1402:Investor-owned utilities
922:Office of Nuclear Energy
906:Office of Nuclear Energy
721:"CRSP Management Center"
520:"About - Power Projects"
193:seasonal power sales and
1504:Colton Electric Utility
1489:Burbank Water and Power
1474:Azusa Light & Power
1464:Alameda Municipal Power
348:The core offices are:
297:, paralleling Path 15.
211:Central Arizona Project
1751:Marin Energy Authority
1689:Vernon Light and Power
1589:Needles Public Utility
1509:Corona Water and Power
223:Loveland Area Projects
220:Falcon-Amistad Project
216:Central Valley Project
206:Boulder Canyon Project
25:
1559:Lompoc Public Utility
1554:Lodi Electric Utility
891:Office of Electricity
548:"WAPA - Transmission"
390:Senior executive team
287:Los Banos, California
153:Bureau of Reclamation
54:Bureau of Reclamation
22:
1684:Ukiah Public Utility
1664:Silicon Valley Power
1411:Bear Valley Electric
384:Salt Lake City, Utah
226:Parker-Davis Project
1724:Government agencies
785:Secretary of Energy
340:Agency organization
328:Section 402 of the
249:Transmission system
235:Provo River Project
28:As one of the four
1639:Roseville Electric
1457:municipality owned
665:"Desert Southwest"
372:Folsom, California
366:Loveland, Colorado
354:Lakewood, Colorado
77:Lakewood, Colorado
69:power transmission
26:
1805:
1804:
1416:Liberty Utilities
1361:
1360:
1263:Kansas City Plant
1179:Pacific Northwest
879:Office of Science
781:Jennifer Granholm
534:"Power marketing"
378:Billings, Montana
275:Pacific Northwest
232:—Eastern Division
1845:
1614:Port of Stockton
1388:
1381:
1374:
1365:
1364:
1268:Nevada Test Site
834:
833:
755:
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741:
732:
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628:. Archived from
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466:. Archived from
465:
457:
451:
450:
443:
360:Phoenix, Arizona
311:WAPA's customers
285:bottleneck near
73:Denver, Colorado
52:operated by the
1853:
1852:
1848:
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1844:
1843:
1842:
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1609:Port of Oakland
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461:"Archived copy"
459:
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342:
326:
313:
302:Mead substation
251:
161:
159:Power marketing
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1455:Community and
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1337:Yucca Mountain
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772:Headquarters:
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727:
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684:
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651:"Headquarters"
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352:Headquarters,
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241:Washoe Project
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196:purchase power
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1446:Southwest Gas
1444:
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1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1421:Pacific Power
1419:
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1398:
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1759:Cooperatives
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128:South Dakota
124:North Dakota
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1248:Fernald NLO
32:within the
1812:Categories
1123:Los Alamos
1045:Brookhaven
790:David Turk
636:2015-08-14
477:2018-01-09
433:References
120:New Mexico
88:California
75:suburb of
46:hydropower
1431:SDG&E
1152:Oak Ridge
1106:Livermore
271:Southwest
104:Minnesota
1441:SoCalGas
1426:PG&E
1077:Fermilab
1008:Berkeley
486:cite web
279:PG&E
112:Nebraska
92:Colorado
60:and the
1278:Area 20
1273:Area 19
1253:Hanford
1065:NSLS II
976:Argonne
295:Path 66
267:Path 15
146:History
140:Wyoming
108:Montana
84:Arizona
24:states.
1290:Pantex
1213:Sandia
1140:Albany
1128:DARHTF
1028:NERSCC
138:, and
116:Nevada
100:Kansas
36:, the
1285:NHHOR
1111:NARAC
1089:Idaho
996:ATLAS
471:(PDF)
464:(PDF)
132:Texas
1332:Y-12
1327:WIPP
1305:ETEC
1300:SSFL
1258:K-25
1230:SSRL
1225:SLAC
1208:SRNL
1201:TFTR
1196:NSTX
1191:PPPL
1184:EMSL
1172:NCCS
1167:HFIR
1162:CNMS
1147:NREL
1135:NETL
1101:JLab
1094:RESL
1070:RHIC
1060:NSLS
1023:NCEM
971:Ames
884:OSTI
492:link
273:and
136:Utah
96:Iowa
50:dams
42:WAPA
1436:SCE
1322:SPR
1317:SRS
1310:SRE
1157:SNS
1116:NIF
1082:TeV
1055:CFN
1050:AGS
1038:JGI
1033:ESN
1013:ALS
1001:EMC
991:APS
986:CNM
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