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929:
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27:
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908:
576:
1087:
763:
971:
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1016:
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808:
293:, the private imperial confessor and chief of the Palace clergy, along with other clergymen. After Nicholas mounted the dais, Marie Feodorovna led Alexandra to the dais, and the priest brought rings on a tray. After blessing them, Yanyshev announced the betrothal of Nicholas to Alexandra to the congregation, and then handed them their rings. After exchanging them three times, Nicholas and Alexandra knelt and exchanged formal wedding vows, with Nicholas's best men, Grand Dukes Michael,
874:
721:
665:
746:
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156:, aged forty-nine, leaving twenty-six-year-old Nicholas as tsar of Russia. The following day, Alix, who had arrived at Livadia several days earlier in order to receive the dying tsar's blessing, was received into the Russian Orthodox Church as Grand Duchess Alexandra Feodorovna. Alix had apparently expressed her wish to take the name Catherine, but decided to take the name Alexandra on Nicholas's request.
149:, came to speak to her, insisting that it was her duty to marry Nicholas, despite her religious scruples. Elizabeth also spoke with her, insisting that there were not that many differences between Lutheranism and Orthodoxy. At the prompting of the kaiser, Nicholas proposed for the second time, and she accepted.
234:
At 12:10, the procession into the Great Church began, with canons of the Peter and Paul
Fortress announcing the beginning of the ceremonies. Marie Feodorovna led the procession, accompanying her daughter-in-law to be, with Nicholas walking behind them in his Hussar's uniform, complete with his medals
196:
argued that, as
Nicholas was tsar, the wedding should be held in St. Petersburg with some pomp. With Nicholas unwilling to wait until the end of official mourning to marry, it was decided to hold the wedding on his mother's birthday, which would have allowed for court mourning to be somewhat relaxed.
200:
Invitations had been sent out, along with a dress code: Russian gentlemen were to wear full regimental dress, bureaucrats were to wear the appropriate uniforms as stipulated in Peter the Great's Great Table of Ranks; Russian ladies were to come in full court dress, foreign women in evening dresses,
305:
holding the nuptial crowns above their heads. Following being led around the lectern, they knelt and kissed a gold cross, and following a final prayer, Nicholas and
Alexandra were pronounced man and wife, at which point the church bells across St. Petersburg rang and guns were fired from the Peter
179:
Plans for the wedding, which had been set for the spring of 1895, had been in the works since
Nicholas's engagement, and it ordinarily would have included a week of public celebrations and parades. However, the death of Alexander III put an end to such extravagant plans. Nicholas had initially
140:
Shortly after arriving in Coburg, Nicholas proposed to Alix. However, Alix, who was a devout
Lutheran, rejected Nicholas's proposal, as in order to marry the heir to the throne, she would have to convert to Russian Orthodoxy. Nonetheless, Alix's cousin,
309:
Due to court mourning, there was no reception, nor honeymoon, with
Nicholas and Alexandra going to reside with his mother and brother at the Anichkov Palace. In time, however, Nicholas and Alexandra would move to the
290:
212:. Soon after, Nicholas's mother departed in a closed coach for the Sergeivsky Palace, the St. Petersburg residence of Grand Duke Sergei and Grand Duchess Elizabeth, to bring Alexandra to the Winter Palace.
235:
and the orange sash of the Order of Hesse und Bei Rhein. Along with the
Romanov Grand Dukes and Duchess, foreign royal relatives processed into the church, headed up by Nicholas's maternal grandfather,
197:
Nicholas had also intended to keep the wedding a private family affair, but his uncles had persuaded their nephew to invite the diplomatic corps to watch the procession to and from the cathedral.
224:
920:
129:. The Emperor and Empress had initially been opposed to the match. However, Nicholas, who had first met Alix a decade earlier in St. Petersburg when Alix's sister,
635:
130:
159:
On 18 November, after nearly two weeks of
Orthodox liturgies, and a procession from Crimea to St. Petersburg, via Moscow, Nicholas's father was interred at the
1062:
548:
215:
At the Winter Palace, Alexandra was dressed in her wedding dress and imperial mantle. Her
Honiton lace veil had been designed by her maternal grandfather
975:
180:
expressed his wish to be married at
Livadia before his father's funeral, which Nicholas's mother had agreed with. However, his uncles, Grand Dukes
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1173:
King, Greg Court of the Last Tsar: Pomp Power and Pageantry in the Reign of Nicholas II (Wiley & Sons, 2006), pg. 329
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26:
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575:
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the bride and groom's mutual third cousin once removed and the groom's second cousin once removed
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942:
the bride and groom's mutual second cousin once removed and the groom's first cousin once removed
670:
302:
240:
160:
879:
852:
102:
77:
62:
928:
817:
256:
244:
223:(who died in 1878 when Alexandra was six), and her sisters. She also wore the traditional
8:
294:
208:
in an open landau to the Winter Palace, in the company of his sixteen-year-old brother,
890:
873:
762:
687:
137:, was not to be dissuaded. Furthermore, Tsar Alexander's health was beginning to fail.
114:
702:
681:
142:
1004:
the groom's second cousin once removed and first cousin once removed of Nicholas II
885:
311:
259:(uncle and aunt to both Nicholas and Alexandra), and their eldest surviving son,
205:
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the groom's maternal uncle and aunt (also the groom's first cousin once removed)
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507:
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the groom's sister and her husband (also the groom's first cousin once removed)
351:
334:
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153:
146:
126:
1350:
52:
228:
1336:
231:. Across her body, she wore the star and sash of the Order of St. Andrei.
20:
Wedding of Nicholas II of Russia and Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine
813:
801:
the bride's sister and brother-in-law (also the groom's aunt and uncle)
287:
252:
227:, a 475 carat necklace and matching earrings that had belonged to
204:
At 11:30 am, on the morning of the wedding, Nicholas departed the
271:(uncle and aunt of both Nicholas and Alexandra). Alexandra's brother,
1123:
King, Greg The Last Empress (Wiley & Sons, 1994) pgs. 54 & 55
776:
the bride's sister and brother-in-law (also the bride's first cousin)
839:
260:
970:
953:
720:
664:
745:
145:, who had been at the wedding along with their grandmother,
113:. Nicholas had also obtained permission from his parents,
275:, had come from Germany, as had one of her sisters,
1337:"Ceremony of the Wedding of Nicholas and Alexandra"
1142:
984:the groom's first cousin once removed and his wife
553:the groom's first cousin once removed and his wife
85:(Alix of Hesse) occurred on 26 November [
67:Grand Duchess Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse)
219:and had been worn at the weddings of her mother,
1348:
1144:"THE CZAR AND PRINCESS ALIX. ANOTHER MANIFESTO"
31:Engagement photograph of Nicholas and Alexandra
549:Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mavrikievna of Russia
247:(uncle and aunt of Nicholas), and their son,
1055:Duke Georg Alexander of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
175:Wedding ceremony of Nicholas & Alexandra
867:the bride and groom's mutual uncle and aunt
822:the bride and groom's mutual uncle and aunt
565:Grand Duke Dmitri Konstantinovich of Russia
529:Grand Duchess Alexandra Iosifovna of Russia
361:Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia
620:Grand Duke Nicholas Mikhailovich of Russia
533:the groom's paternal grandaunt by marriage
479:Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia
377:Grand Duke Michael Alexandrovich of Russia
152:On 1 November 1894, Alexander III died at
1076:Duke Karl Michael of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
844:the bride and groom's mutual first cousin
497:Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia
463:Grand Duke Andrei Vladimirovich of Russia
393:Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia
652:Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich of Russia
636:Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia
604:Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia
447:Grand Duke Boris Vladimirovich of Russia
431:Grand Duke Cyril Vladimirovich of Russia
170:
131:Princess Elisabeth of Hesse and by Rhine
125:, one of the favorite granddaughters of
121:, to propose to Ernst's younger sister,
111:Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1039:Duke Constantine Petrovich of Oldenburg
513:Grand Duke Paul Alexandrovich of Russia
1349:
1080:the groom's second cousin once removed
1059:the groom's second cousin once removed
1043:the groom's second cousin once removed
917:the groom's second cousin once removed
415:Grand Duchess Marie Pavlovna of Russia
1021:Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg
964:the groom's first cousin once removed
737:
656:the groom's first cousin once removed
640:the groom's first cousin once removed
624:the groom's first cousin once removed
585:the groom's first cousin once removed
569:the groom's first cousin once removed
545:Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich
326:
286:The service was presided over by the
708:Prince George of Greece and Denmark
419:the groom's paternal uncle and aunt
123:Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine
13:
1382:Royal weddings in the 19th century
1063:Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
980:Princess Anastasia of Leuchtenberg
921:Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
899:
793:Grand Duchess Elisabeth Feodorovna
89:14 November] 1894 at the
14:
1393:
1096:Princess Albert of Saxe-Altenburg
884:husband of the bride and groom's
411:Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich
107:Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse
91:Grand Church of the Winter Palace
49:Grand Church of the Winter Palace
1085:
1069:
1048:
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989:
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952:
927:
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863:Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
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832:
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752:Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
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719:
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675:the groom's maternal grandfather
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357:Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna
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25:
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1254:King, Court, pgs. 346 & 347
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1191:King, Court, pgs. 343 & 344
913:Duke John Albert of Mecklenburg
797:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich
608:the groom's paternal granduncle
135:Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich
1212:
1203:
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1185:
1176:
1167:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1000:Duchess Alexander of Oldenburg
225:Romanov Imperial Nuptial Crown
1:
1110:
976:Prince George Maximilianovich
201:with full jewels and awards.
96:
269:Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
237:King Christian IX of Denmark
133:, married Nicholas's uncle,
7:
1149:Exeter and Plymouth Gazette
826:Queen of the United Kingdom
581:Duchess Vera of Württemberg
239:. Other relatives included
166:
10:
1398:
1362:1894 in the Russian Empire
730:the groom's maternal uncle
726:Prince Valdemar of Denmark
517:the groom's paternal uncle
501:the groom's paternal uncle
281:Prince Heinrich of Prussia
109:, to their mutual cousin,
1357:1890s in Saint Petersburg
1161:British Newspaper Archive
1025:the groom's second cousin
938:Princess Wilhelm of Baden
341:Empress Dowager of Russia
321:
58:
44:
36:
24:
712:the groom's first cousin
483:the groom's first cousin
467:the groom's first cousin
451:the groom's first cousin
435:the groom's first cousin
261:George, the Duke of York
119:Empress Maria Feodorovna
1008:Grand Duke of Oldenburg
880:Crown Prince of Romania
772:Prince Henry of Prussia
303:Prince George of Greece
161:Peter and Paul Fortress
1367:Russian royal weddings
1104:Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
176:
105:was at the wedding of
1372:Nicholas II of Russia
1132:King, Empress pgs. 54
891:King of the Romanians
692:Queen of the Hellenes
174:
154:Maley Palace, Livadia
78:Nicholas II of Russia
63:Nicholas II of Russia
1377:November 1894 events
1326:King, Court, pg. 353
1317:King, Court, pg. 352
1308:King, Court, pg. 352
1299:King, Court, pg. 352
1290:King, Court, pg. 352
1281:King, Court, pg. 350
1236:King, Court, pg. 346
1227:King, Court, pg. 346
1218:King, Court, pg. 344
1209:King, Court, pg. 344
1200:King, Court, pg. 343
1182:King, Court, pg. 343
960:Duke of Leuchtenberg
245:Queen Olga of Greece
82:Alexandra Feodorovna
1272:King, Court, pg 350
1263:King, Court pg. 349
946:Grand Duke of Baden
886:mutual first cousin
756:the bride's brother
589:King of Württemberg
381:the groom's brother
306:and Paul Fortress.
299:Sergei Mikhailovich
295:Cyril Vladimirovich
279:, and her husband,
229:Catherine the Great
21:
1102:(representing the
944:(representing the
919:(representing the
889:(representing the
824:(representing the
778:(representing the
738:The bride's family
587:(representing the
397:the groom's sister
345:the groom's mother
327:The groom's family
210:Grand Duke Michael
177:
115:Tsar Alexander III
103:Tsarevich Nicholas
101:On 19 April 1894,
19:
16:1894 royal wedding
1151:. 5 November 1894
818:Princess of Wales
257:Princess of Wales
143:Kaiser Wilhelm II
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40:26 November 1894
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291:Ioann Yanyshev
277:Princess Irene
221:Princess Alice
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147:Queen Victoria
127:Queen Victoria
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1159:– via
1153:. Retrieved
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