178:. Typically, the site gives instant feedback in terms of the item's running score, or the percentage of other users who agree with the assessment. Rating sites sometimes offer aggregate statistics or "best" and "worst" lists. Most allow users to submit their own image, sample, or other relevant content for others to rate. Some require the submission as a condition of membership.
165:, or other things. Rating sites can range from tangible to non-tangible attributes, but most commonly, rating sites are based around physical appearances such as body parts, voice, personality, etc. They may also be devoted to the subjects' occupational ability, for example teachers, professors, lawyers, doctors, etc. Rating sites can typically be on anything a user can think of.
314:). The most popular of all time, Hot or Not, was launched in October 2000. Hot or Not generated many spin-offs and imitators. There are now hundreds of such sites, and even meta-sites that categorize them all. The rating site concept has also been expanded to include Twitter and Facebook accounts that provide ratings, such as the humorous Twitter account
121:, The Kelsey Group, and the Word of Mouth Marketing Association show that rating and review sites influence consumer shopping behavior. In an academic study published in 2008, empirical results demonstrated that the number of online user reviews is a good indicator of the intensity of underlying word-of-mouth effect and increase awareness.
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or HotFlation, is devoted to rating contributors' physical attractiveness. Other looks-based rating sites include RateMyFace.com (an early site, launched in the Summer of 1999) and NameMyVote, which asks users to guess a person's political party based on their looks. Some sites are devoted to rating
326:
Most review sites make little or no attempt to restrict postings, or to verify the information in the reviews. Critics point out that positive reviews are sometimes written by the businesses or individuals being reviewed, while negative reviews may be written by competitors, disgruntled employees,
267:
In 1990, one of the first computer-based photographic attractiveness rating studies was conducted. During this year psychologists J. H. Langlois and L. A. Roggman examined whether facial attractiveness was linked to geometric averageness. To test their hypothesis, they selected photographs of 192
173:
Rating sites typically show a series of images (or other content) in random fashion, or chosen by computer algorithm, instead of allowing users to choose. Users are given a choice of rating or assessment, which is generally done quickly and without great deliberation. Users score items on a scale
342:
Furthermore, studies of research methodology have shown that in forums where people are able to post opinions publicly, group polarization often occurs, and the result is very positive comments, very negative comments, and little in between, meaning that those who would have been in the middle are
104:
Because of the specialized marketing thrust of this type of website, the reviews are not always seen to be objective by consumers. Because of this, the FTC has provided several guidelines requiring publishers to disclose when they benefit monetarily from the content in the form of advertising,
236:
When rating sites are dedicated to rating products (epinions.com), brands (brandmojo.org), services, or businesses rather than to rating people (i-rate.me), and are used for more serious or well thought-out ratings, they tend to be called review sites, although the distinction is not exact.
346:
Rating sites have a social feedback effect; some high school principals and administrators, for example, have begun to regularly monitor the status of their teaching staff via student controlled "rating sites". Some looks-based sites have come under criticism for promoting vanity and
268:
male and female
Caucasian faces; each of which was computer scanned and digitized. They then made computer-processed composites of each image, as 2-, 4-, 8-, 16-, and 32-face composites. The individual and composite faces were then rated for attractiveness by 300 judges on a 5-point
129:
Originally, reviews were generally anonymous, and in many countries, review sites often have policies that preclude the release of any identifying information without a court order. According to Kurt Opsahl, a staff attorney for the
57:
Review sites are generally supported by advertising. Some business review sites may also allow businesses to pay for enhanced listings, which do not affect the reviews and ratings. Product review sites may be supported by providing
69:, a new sort of review site has emerged: the affiliate product review site. This type of site is usually professionally designed and written to maximize conversions, and is used by e-commerce marketers. It is often based on a
245:
The popularity of rating people and their abilities on a scale, such as 1–10, traces back to at least the late 20th century, and the algorithms for aggregating quantitative rating scores far earlier than that. The 1979 film
366:
In some cases, government authorities have taken legal actions against businesses that post false reviews. In 2009, the State of New York required
Lifestyle Lift, a cosmetic surgery company, to pay $ 300,000 in fines.
309:
The first ratings sites started in 1999, with RateMyFace.com (created by
Michael Hussey) and TeacherRatings.com (created by John Swapceinski, re-launched with Hussey and further developed by Patrick Nagle as
327:
or anyone with a grudge against the business being reviewed. Some merchants also offer incentives for customers to review their products favorably, which skews reviews in their favor. So called
272:(1 = very unattractive, 5 = very attractive). The 32-composite face was the most visually attractive of all the faces. Subsequent studies were done on a 10-point scale.
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the appearance of pets (e.g. kittenwar.com, petsinclothes.com, and meormypet.com). Another class allows users to rate short video or music clips. One variant, a "
233:(ratemypoo.com), unsigned bands (RateBandsOnline.com), politics (RateMyTory.Com), nightclubs, business professionals, clothes, cars, and many other subjects.
260:, with a 10 being the epitome of attractiveness. The notion of a "perfect ten" came into common usage as a result of this film. In the film, Moore rates
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Reviewers are always required to provide an email address and are often encouraged to use their real name. Yelp also requires a photo of the reviewer.
610:
708:
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204:, in that for a fee they allow users to contact other users. Many social networks and other sites include rating features. For example,
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techniques to gather reviews from site users or may employ professional writers to author reviews on the topic of concern for the site.
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since only highly motivated individuals devote their time to completing these rankings, and not a fair sampling of the population.
519:
229:. Successful poems "mate" to produce poems of ever-increasing appeal. Yet others are devoted to disliked men (DoucheBagAlert),
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Many operators of review sites acknowledge that reviews may not be objective, and that ratings may not be statistically valid.
339:
detected dozens of positive reviews of doctors, submitted from the same IP addresses by a firm called
Medical Justice.
17:
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magazine, to feature only women who would rank 10 for attractiveness. Julie Kruis, a swimsuit model, was the original
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85:, and has commenting and interactivity turned off. It will also have an e-mail gathering device in the form of an
376:
131:
545:""Online Consumer-Generated Reviews Have Significant Impact on Offline Purchase Behavior," November 29, 2007"
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links to the websites that sell the reviewed items, which pay the site on a per-click or per-sale basis.
590:"Sacha Pfeiffer, "Ratings sites flourish behind a veil of anonymity," Boston Globe, September 20, 2006"
381:
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Early examples of review sites included
ConsumerDemocracy.com, Complaints.com, planetfeedback.com, and
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on which reviews can be posted about people, businesses, products, or services. These sites may use
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225:" site, allows users to compare two samples of entirely computer-generated poetry using a
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781:, a 2008 United States patent which defines and deconstructs the concept of a review site
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709:""Medical Justice caught impersonating happy patients on Yelp, RateMDs," May 27, 2011"
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Website on which reviews can be posted about people, businesses, products, or services
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magazine and video programming was launched by Xui, the original executive editor of
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Langlois, J. H. & Roggman, L. A. (1990). "Attractive faces are only average".
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and TradePics have optional "rank" features for users to be rated by other users.
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firms may also submit false positive reviews on behalf of businesses. In 2011,
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306:. Other unrelated "Perfect 10" contests became popular throughout the 1990s.
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566:""Do Online Reviews Really Matter? An Empirical Investigation" May 13, 2008"
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of 1 to 10, yes or no. Others, such as BabeVsBabe.com, ask users to
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self-consciousness. Some claim they potentially expose users to
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468:"Critical Success Factors for Developing an e-Business Strategy"
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He, Sherry; Hollenbeck, Brett; Proserpio, Davide (2021-12-10).
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is an example of this. The title derives from a rating system
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Research
Letters in the Information and Mathematical Sciences
751:""Company Settles Case of Reviews It Faked," July 14, 2009"
730:""Polarization: Planned and Spontaneous," December 3, 2005"
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With the growing popularity of affiliate programs on the
299:. His contests were broadcast on Network 1, a domestic
520:"The FTC's Endorsement Guides: What People Are Asking"
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either silent or pulled to one extreme or the other.
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638:"Rating Sites Flourish Behind a veil of Anonymity"
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181:Rating sites usually provide some features of
81:, has a privacy and contact page to help with
295:Model Search" at the Pure Platinum club near
134:(EFF), anonymity of reviewers is important.
113:Studies by independent research groups like
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351:. Most rating sites suffer from similar
636:Pfeiffer, Sacha. (September 20, 2006).
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216:One category of rating sites, such as
732:. Uchicagolaw.typepad.com. 2005-12-03
291:. In 1996, Rasen created the first "
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611:"How online customer reviews work"
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132:Electronic Frontier Foundation
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666:"The Market for Fake Reviews"
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779:User-generated Review System
493:Bronson, Po (11 July 1999).
466:Viehland, Dennis W. (2000).
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499:The New York Times Magazine
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176:choose between two pictures
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711:. Ars Technica. 2011-05-27
571:. Elsevier B.V. 2008-05-13
547:. Comscore.com. 2007-11-29
382:Consensus based assessment
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105:affiliate marketing, etc.
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97:business person build an
592:. Boston.com. 2006-09-20
524:Federal Trade Commission
407:Phrase completion scales
297:Fort Lauderdale, Florida
615:www.business.qld.gov.au
392:Employer review website
183:social network services
689:Cite journal requires
161:to vote, rate people,
652:Psychological Science
447:Star (classification)
427:Reputation management
359:Response to criticism
329:reputation management
149:(commonly known as a
93:to help the aspiring
387:Diamond of opposites
640:. The Boston Globe.
353:self-selection bias
755:The New York Times
417:Recommender system
187:online communities
115:Forrester Research
18:Web content voting
668:. Rochester, NY.
495:"Instant Company"
432:Reputation system
304:satellite channel
198:private messaging
191:discussion forums
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47:Epinions.com
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333:RateMDs.com
289:spokesmodel
147:rating site
141:Rating site
99:e-mail list
79:Squarespace
32:review site
761:2009-07-14
736:2011-02-25
715:2011-05-27
621:4 November
596:2011-02-25
575:2012-08-15
551:2011-02-25
530:2022-06-30
504:4 November
480:10179/4385
474:(1): 1–7.
453:References
316:WeRateDogs
293:Perfect 10
278:Perfect 10
218:Hot or Not
95:e-commerce
322:Criticism
275:In 1992,
264:an "11".
194:messaging
125:Anonymity
75:WordPress
60:affiliate
789:Category
371:See also
262:Bo Derek
189:such as
169:Features
119:comScore
67:Internet
674:3664992
397:F-scale
241:History
206:MySpace
163:content
155:website
153:) is a
40:Web 2.0
36:website
672:
422:Reddit
301:C-band
258:beauty
196:, and
109:Impact
87:opt-in
569:(PDF)
159:users
89:, or
34:is a
695:help
670:SSRN
623:2020
506:2020
337:Yelp
335:and
284:Spin
185:and
71:blog
476:hdl
83:SEO
77:or
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