556:/year ($ 36–180 USD at 12c/kWh, the US national average cost for residential energy), depending on the climate, bed size, and other factors. The energy usage can be decreased by about 60% with the use of a soft-sided waterbed. The ability to heat the bed is lost if there is a power outage, and this can make the bed too cold to sleep on, particularly if the power outage occurs during winter, and/or the room cannot be heated. The water itself can pose challenges when water mattresses occasionally leak. Plastic liners will reduce damage, but emptying, patching, refilling, and reheating the bed (and sleeping elsewhere until all this is completed) can be an inconvenience. Another factor is the weight of a waterbed. Waterbed mattresses, depending on the size, hold about 80–235 US gal (300–890 L) of water, which could bring the weight of the entire bed to over 2,000 lb (910 kg). This weight could pose a risk to the floor the bed is on. Some landlords may not allow a tenant to have a waterbed due to this, especially if it is on a higher floor.
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1003:"Charles Prior Hall and WBX Partners, Plaintiffs-appellants, v. Aqua Queen Manufacturing, Inc., and Water & Wood Corp., and Vinyl Products Manufacturing, Inc., and Atlanta Vinyl, Inc., and Classic Corporation, d/b/a/ Classic Flotation Sleeping Systems, Inc., and Land & Sky, Ltd., and United States Watermattress Corporation, and Easy Rest, Inc., d/b/a/ Strobel Manufacturing, Defendants-Appellees"
441:
electric shock, waterproof box to make a leak no more important than a leaky hot water bottle rather than a domestic disaster, calculation of floor loads (important!), internal rubber mattress and lighting, reading, and eating arrangements—an attempt to design the perfect hospital bed by one who had spent too damn much time in hospital beds.
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Water beds are normally heated. If no heater is used, the water will equalize with the room air temperature (around 70 °F). In models with no heater, there are at least several inches of insulation above the water chamber. This partially eliminates the body-contouring benefit of a waterbed, and
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In 1987, sales peaked at 22% of the domestic mattress industry. Although the waterbed was initially advertised as offering "undisturbed sleep", Hall admitted that customers "bought it for the sensual or the sexual part of it", and the sexually associated advertising was highly effective in the 1970s
448:
Apparently, the initial patent application by
Charles Hall for the waterbed was denied as being too broad, as the device itself had been described by Heinlein in several of his novels that had been published more than 25 years prior to Hall trying to make one. Hall was later granted a patent when he
389:
on 23 July 1871. Twain wrote: "In the infirmary will be kept one or two water-beds (for invalids whose pains will not allow them to be on a less yielding substance) and half a dozen reclining invalid-chairs on wheels. The water-beds and invalid-chairs at present belonging to the church are always in
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are harder to find and come in fewer varieties. Second, moving a waterbed is more difficult than moving a normal bed; the water must be drained and the frame disassembled, then the frame must be reassembled, the mattress refilled with water, and the water heated for a potentially long period to get
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A soft-sided waterbed consists of a water-containing mattress inside of a rectangular frame of sturdy foam, zippered inside a fabric casing, which sits on a platform. It looks like a conventional bed and is designed to fit existing bedroom furniture. The platform usually looks like a conventional
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Early waterbed mattresses, and many inexpensive modern mattresses, have a single water chamber. When the water mass in these "free flow" mattresses is disturbed, significant wave motion can be felt, and they need time to stabilize after a disturbance. Later models employed wave-reducing methods,
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I designed the waterbed during years as a bed patient in the middle thirties; a pump to control water level, side supports to permit one to float rather than simply lying on a not very soft water filled mattress. Thermostatic control of temperature, safety interfaces to avoid all possibility of
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Another advantage of a waterbed is its easy cleaning. It is impossible for dirt and dead skin particles to penetrate the water mattress, which can then be wiped away periodically with a cloth and vinyl cleaner. The cover over the mattress can be regularly washed—thus virtually eliminating
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Hall was granted a patent (#3,585,356) on his waterbed in 1971, which he originally called "liquid support for human bodies." The same year, he founded
Innerspace Environments, a manufacturing and sales company which became the leading retailer of waterbeds in the United States, with 30
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The waterbed can be useful and comfortable for some and dangerous for others. The main feature of the waterbed found attractive is its form-fitting, pressure-minimizing nature. Not only is this beneficial to those seeking mere comfort, but the removal of pressure from the
367:
On May 18, 1863, a proposal for waterbed supplies was posted to newspapers by the USA Medical and
Hospital Department, Medical Purveyor's Office, Washington D.C. The proposal requested a supplier for "water-beds, India Rubber Rubber Cushions, for air or water".
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and early 1980s. Henry
Petroski of Duke University said of the waterbed: "Not only was it the cool new gadget, but it emerged during a time when the culture embraced anything different, especially a product that embodied sexual liberation".
330:: Contains many layers of fiber inserts and/or baffles to control the water motion and increase support. Frequently, the better mattresses contain additional layers in the center third of the mattress called special lumbar support.
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and patented in 1971, became a popular consumer item in the United States through the 1980s with up to 20% of the market in 1986 and 22% in 1987. By 2013, they accounted for less than 5% of new bed sales.
477:. The patent was upheld in court, and Hall received a $ 4.8 million judgment for infringement. Hall /wbx received additional royalties from licensing. Some later lawsuits were dismissed because of
351:, and comprised a bath of water with a covering of rubber-impregnated canvas, on which lighter bedding was placed. Arnott did not patent it, permitting anyone to construct a bed to this design.
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Softside waterbed 160 by 200 centimetres (63 by 79 in) with dual heating (top) and two water chambers and flexible chamber isolation inside (bottom).
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A newspaper classified want ad in 1877 requested "AN INDIA RUBBER Water-bed. 3 feet by 2 feet, new or second hand. Call immediately at 1,222 Broadway."
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Heinlein made no attempt to build his invention, but its first builder, Charles Hall, was denied a patent claim based on
Heinlein's "prior works".
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the ability to control the bed temperature. For these reasons, most waterbeds have temperature control systems. Temperature is controlled via a
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1090:"Mattresses and chronic lower back pain - Undergraduate research project at the Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics"
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including fiber batting. Some models only partially reduce wave motion, while more expensive models almost eliminate wave motion.
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152:. Waterbeds intended for medical therapies appear in various reports through the 19th century. The modern version, invented in
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with 300 pounds (136 kg) of cornstarch. Ultimately, he abandoned working on a chair, and settled on perfecting a bed.
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The protagonist Graham is placed on a waterbed in a glass case during his coma of 203 years in the 1898 H. G. Wells novel "
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warns that the form-fitting nature of the water-bed poses a danger to infants, providing a possibility of asphyxiation.
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the new water to the correct temperature. Heating the bed can be costly; a waterbed consumes between 300 and 1,500
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and set to personal preference, most commonly around average skin temperature, 30 °C (86 °F). A typical
831:"Daily national Republican. [volume] (Washington, D.C.) 1862-1866, May 30, 1863, SECOND EDITION, Image 1"
75:
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649:"The Waterbed Doctor: Westminster Retailer Lays Claim to Retro Bed with Nearly 40 Years of Service, Sales"
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A hard-sided waterbed consists of a water-containing mattress inside a rectangular frame of wood resting on a
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858:"The New York herald. [volume] (New York [N.Y.]) 1840-1920, September 14, 1877, Image 18"
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can provide relief to those with back pain. In addition, the distribution of weight can prevent
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The modern waterbed was created by
Charles Prior Hall in 1968, while he was a design student at
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324:: Contains a few fiber inserts and/or baffles to control the water motion and increase support.
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1005:. United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. July 11, 1996. Archived from
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318:: Also known as a full wave mattress. It contains only water but no baffles or inserts.
306:(PVC) or similar material. They can be repaired with practically any vinyl repair kit.
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First, since some hard-sided waterbeds are of different sizes from other mattresses,
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465:. Hall originally wanted to make an innovative chair. His first prototype was a
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Waterbeds primarily consist of two types, hard-sided beds and soft-sided beds.
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This article is about the bed or mattress. For the album by Herbie Mann, see
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1231:"Make your bed and float on it: $ 100 waterbed you build from a kit"
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A form of waterbed was invented in 1833 by the
Scottish physician
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The use of a waterbed (for the ailing Mrs. Hale) is mentioned in
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owned-and-operated stores. The patent came to trial in 1991 in
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1246:"The Rise and Fall of the (Sexy, Icky, Practical) Waterbed"
1061:"The Rise and Fall of the (Sexy, Icky, Practical) Waterbed"
587:"The Rise and Fall of the (Sexy, Icky, Practical) Waterbed"
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Online
September/October 1994. Retrieved December 3, 2007.
1197:
Waterbed
Heating: Uncovering Energy Savings in the Bedroom
719:"Waterbed FAQs at AwesomeWaterbeds | AwesomeWaterbeds.com"
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751:, Webster & Parkes, Harper & Brothers, NY, 1855
517:
National
Institute of Child Health and Human Development
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Humanities, National Endowment for the (Sep 14, 1877).
829:
Humanities, National Endowment for the (May 30, 1863).
1117:. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.
1257:"Someone's Been Lying in Hall's Water Bed: Invention"
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1859:
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781:"North and South: A Permanent State of Change"
412:described therapeutic waterbeds in his novels
375:, for "invalids". It was briefly mentioned by
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1030:"For Water Bed Holdout, California Dreaming"
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302:Waterbeds are usually constructed from soft
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199:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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275:, and sits atop a reinforced metal frame.
682:"Waterbeds no longer a mainstay purchase"
219:Learn how and when to remove this message
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
885:"Geek Trivia: Strange (water)bedfellows"
646:
403:
1142:"Prevention of bedsores: water or air?"
970:
872:– via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.
845:– via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.
661:from the original on September 24, 2019
1860:
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1099:. University of Southern Denmark, 2003
1059:Greenfield, Rebecca (13 August 2010).
942:"Modern Living: The Waves of Morpheus"
922:from the original on December 18, 2021
913:
882:
647:Williams, Lauren (September 5, 2015).
585:Greenfield, Rebecca (13 August 2010).
1883:History of the San Francisco Bay Area
1292:
1278:"THE RIP VAN WINKLE OF THE WATER BED"
1040:from the original on 18 February 2011
566:List of inflatable manufactured goods
430:(1961). In 1980 Heinlein recalled in
1842:
1071:from the original on 8 December 2016
748:An Encyclopaedia of Domestic Economy
713:
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694:from the original on 3 February 2016
599:from the original on 8 December 2016
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197:adding citations to reliable sources
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54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
983:from the original on 16 August 2013
766:London Medical and Surgical Journal
679:
527:in the bed. Dust mites can trigger
449:modified and specified his design.
390:demand, and never out of service".
347:was devised to prevent bedsores in
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295:of power. Depending on insulation,
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1227:—"Liquid support for human bodies"
948:. 7 September 1970. Archived from
895:from the original on 3 August 2020
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619:"What Ever Happened To Waterbeds?"
493:
371:In 1871, a waterbed was in use in
14:
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1167:"NICHD: Safe Sleep for Your Baby"
971:Kennedy, Pagan (16 August 2013).
864:from the original on June 1, 2019
837:from the original on June 1, 2019
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1121:from the original on 18 May 2012
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1179:from the original on 2020-11-12
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1148:from the original on 2015-04-08
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1028:Allen Salkin (14 August 2003).
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811:from the original on 2021-12-18
779:Bodenheimer, Rosemarie (1979).
729:from the original on 2017-08-13
629:from the original on 2019-12-29
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41:needs additional citations for
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763:Dr. Arnott's Hydrostatic Bed,
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459:San Francisco State University
267:deck that sits on a platform.
1:
914:Abrams, Carl (Feb 25, 2018).
883:Garmon, Jay (1 August 2006).
680:Fox, Joanne (31 March 2013).
571:
539:in people sensitive to them.
489:Advantages and disadvantages
345:Dr. Arnott's Hydrostatic Bed
310:Types of waterbed mattresses
7:
1318:
1111:"Bedsores (pressure sores)"
977:The New York Times Magazine
559:
10:
1904:
1666:Hudson's Bay point blanket
973:"Who Made That Water Bed?"
785:Nineteenth-Century Fiction
427:Stranger in a Strange Land
383:", which was published in
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16:Mattress filled with water
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1140:Perali (December 2005).
723:www.awesomewaterbeds.com
1239:, July 1971, pages 75,
408:Science fiction writer
654:Orange County Register
443:
322:Semi-waveless mattress
1868:1970s fads and trends
1224:U.S. patent 3,585,356
438:
404:Heinlein descriptions
1207:Home Energy Magazine
507:among users who are
381:A New Beecher Church
193:improve this section
50:improve this article
1590:Orthopedic mattress
1283:The Washington Post
1109:Mayo Clinic Staff.
952:on October 30, 2010
415:Beyond This Horizon
1751:Contour leg pillow
1736:Acupressure pillow
1580:Mattress protector
1274:, Fall/Winter 2013
1202:2007-10-21 at the
1095:2012-08-12 at the
1034:The New York Times
769:, Volume II, 1833
687:Sioux City Journal
475:Intex v. Hall /wbx
410:Robert A. Heinlein
398:The Sleeper Awakes
386:The New York Times
316:Free flow mattress
304:polyvinyl chloride
138:flotation mattress
1888:Water and society
1855:
1854:
1773:Orthopedic pillow
1272:SF State Magazine
1262:Los Angeles Times
453:The Hall waterbed
433:Expanded Universe
356:Elizabeth Gaskell
328:Waveless mattress
291:consumes 150–400
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1718:Weighted blanket
1698:Security blanket
1661:Electric blanket
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335:History in 1800s
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1565:Tick mattress
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178:This section
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154:San Francisco
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106:February 2012
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67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
55:
51:
45:
44:
39:This article
37:
33:
28:
27:
22:
1819:Blanket fort
1788:Throw pillow
1760:
1708:Sleeping bag
1690:
1618:Bunkie board
1594:
1575:Mattress pad
1555:Air mattress
1486:Cradle (bed)
1444:Platform bed
1436:
1424:
1412:
1405:
1400:Hospital bed
1342:
1281:
1271:
1260:
1251:The Atlantic
1249:
1234:
1206:
1192:
1181:. Retrieved
1161:
1150:. Retrieved
1135:
1123:. Retrieved
1114:
1104:
1085:
1073:. Retrieved
1065:The Atlantic
1064:
1054:
1042:. Retrieved
1033:
1023:
1011:. Retrieved
1007:the original
997:
985:. Retrieved
976:
966:
954:. Retrieved
950:the original
945:
936:
924:. Retrieved
909:
897:. Retrieved
889:TechRepublic
888:
878:
866:. Retrieved
851:
839:. Retrieved
824:
813:. Retrieved
788:
784:
774:
764:
759:
753:Google Books
746:
742:
731:. Retrieved
722:
696:. Retrieved
685:
675:
663:. Retrieved
652:
642:
631:. Retrieved
622:
613:
601:. Retrieved
592:The Atlantic
590:
580:
546:
521:
497:
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474:
471:
456:
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444:
439:
431:
425:
424:(1956), and
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215:
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191:Please help
179:
161:Construction
148:filled with
137:
133:
129:
127:
112:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1741:Bamboo wife
1656:Duvet cover
1623:Storage bed
1585:Memory foam
1570:Mahjong mat
1496:Toddler bed
1473:Infant beds
1464:Trundle bed
1115:Mayo Clinic
698:18 November
421:Double Star
341:Neil Arnott
289:heating pad
1862:Categories
1814:Nightstand
1804:Bed warmer
1778:Sex pillow
1768:Eye pillow
1762:Dakimakura
1613:Box-spring
1547:Mattresses
1491:Infant bed
1454:Sleigh bed
1449:Polish bed
1432:Murphy bed
1375:Canopy bed
1183:2021-01-27
1152:2015-07-29
899:23 January
815:2021-12-18
791:(3): 293.
733:2017-08-12
633:2020-04-02
572:References
549:bed sheets
463:California
377:Mark Twain
285:thermostat
273:box spring
76:newspapers
65:"Waterbed"
1646:Comforter
1605:Bed bases
1537:Headboard
1532:Footboard
1522:Bed skirt
1517:Bed sheet
1512:Bed frame
1408:bed-stove
1334:bed sizes
987:17 August
537:allergies
509:paralyzed
180:does not
1837:Category
1633:Blankets
1595:Waterbed
1527:Cot side
1481:Bassinet
1459:Sofa bed
1420:Loft bed
1370:Camp bed
1365:Rope bed
1360:Cage bed
1355:Bunk bed
1200:Archived
1174:Archived
1146:Archived
1119:Archived
1093:Archived
1075:12 March
1069:Archived
1038:Archived
981:Archived
926:March 9,
920:Archived
893:Archived
862:Archived
835:Archived
809:Archived
727:Archived
692:Archived
659:Archived
627:Archived
603:12 March
597:Archived
560:See also
513:comatose
505:bedsores
418:(1942),
349:patients
209:May 2024
146:mattress
130:waterbed
1878:Bedding
1847:Commons
1756:Cushion
1746:Bolster
1728:Pillows
1671:Lizhnyk
1426:Charpai
1395:Hammock
1350:Box-bed
1320:Bedding
868:June 1,
841:June 1,
805:2933329
297:bedding
265:plywood
201:removed
186:sources
90:scholar
1641:Afghan
1438:Petate
1380:Daybed
1327:Adult
1125:3 June
1044:3 June
1013:3 June
956:3 June
803:
623:Pocket
535:, and
533:eczema
529:asthma
479:laches
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
1809:Couch
1692:Razai
1686:Quilt
1651:Duvet
1390:Futon
1344:Banig
1177:(PDF)
1170:(PDF)
801:JSTOR
501:spine
293:watts
150:water
140:is a
136:, or
97:JSTOR
83:books
1873:Beds
1406:Kang
1329:beds
1127:2012
1077:2017
1046:2012
1015:2012
989:2013
958:2012
946:Time
928:2021
901:2020
870:2019
843:2019
700:2015
667:2019
605:2017
184:any
182:cite
69:news
1241:116
793:doi
554:kWh
511:or
461:in
400:".
195:by
144:or
142:bed
52:by
1864::
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1270:,
1259:,
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1233:,
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807:.
799:.
789:34
787:.
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725:.
721:.
708:^
690:.
684:.
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651:.
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104:(
94:·
87:·
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23:.
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