War in the Hebrew Bible

2507:, but the Philistines encamped in Michmash." Jonathan is recalled to have found a secret path around the Philistines, allowing him to flank them and defeat them. Jonathan silently approached the Philistine garrison with his armour-bearer, not telling his father of the act, and passed two rocky crags: "there was a sharp rock on the one side, and a sharp rock on the other side: and the name of the one was Bozez and the name of the other Seneh." The two single-handedly climbed the ramparts and attacked the garrison "within as it were an half acre of land, which a yoke of oxen might plough." They are said to have killed twenty men together in that single ambush. The remainder of the camp awoke with confusion, and "melted away and they went on beating down one another." During the confusion and chaos, a detachment of Israelite warriors had previously been fighting alongside the Philistines defected over to the army of King Saul, bringing the king's force from six hundred men to several thousand strong. Finally, a miraculous earthquake threw the entire Philistine host into disarray. Drawn by the sounds of combat, Saul approached the garrison with his own force only to find that the army had already torn itself apart in fear, with the majority of survivors fleeing from Saul's army. No account in the Bible tells us how many Philistines fell in the battle, though Josephus numbers the Philistine casualties to as many as 60,000. 3171:? 6 “Yet Jeroboam the son of Nebat, the servant of Solomon the son of David, rose up and rebelled against his master, 7 and worthless men gathered about him, scoundrels, who proved too strong for Rehoboam, the son of Solomon, when he was young and timid and could not hold his own against them. 8 “So now you intend to resist the kingdom of the LORD through the sons of David, being a great multitude and having with you the golden calves which Jeroboam made for gods for you. 9 “Have you not driven out the priests of the LORD, the sons of Aaron and the Levites, and made for yourselves priests like the peoples of other lands? Whoever comes to consecrate himself with a young bull and seven rams, even he may become a priest of what are no gods. 10 “But as for us, the LORD is our God, and we have not forsaken Him; and the sons of Aaron are ministering to the LORD as priests, and the Levites attend to their work. 11 “Every morning and evening they burn to the LORD burnt offerings and fragrant incense, and the showbread is set on the clean table, and the golden lampstand with its lamps is ready to light every evening; for we keep the charge of the LORD our God, but you have forsaken Him. 12 “Now behold, God is with us at our head and His priests with the signal trumpets to sound the alarm against you. O sons of Israel, do not fight against the LORD God of your fathers, for you will not succeed.” 2825:. When David entered Mahanaim with his forces, as a result of his fame many warriors flocked to his aid, and passed before him to the battle, as he stood at the gate of the city. David divided the army into three parts—one was to be led by Joab; one by Abishai; and the third by Ittai, the trusted friend and commander from Gath. David then declared that he would head the army himself, but his soldiers would not allow David to risk his life. They asked him to remain in the city. When all was ready, David gave to the three Generals this parting injunction, "Deal gently, for my sake, with the young man, with Absalom." The two armies met in a forest of Ephraim. It was a great and terrible battle. The rebel forces were unable to maneuver because the thickness of trees, and their numbers were reduced by the underbrush of the forest. The forces of Absalom were thus routed by the royal forces of David. Absalom himself fled. As he was riding through the woods on his mule, he was caught by the long locks of his hair under the spreading branches of a large tree. Unable to free himself, he remained suspended, his mule had escaped. One of David's servants brought this intelligence to General Joab, who gave the order that Absalom be put to death and the royal troops disengaged immediately thereafter. 2133:, 'The Israelites did evil in the eyes of Yahweh, and for seven years he gave them into the hands of the Midianites.' When the oppression of the Midianites becomes too severe to bear, the Israelites cry out to Yahweh for help (Judges 6:5), and Yahweh appoints Gideon as his champion, giving him supernatural powers to kill all the Midianites (Judges 6:16). There is some distrust between Yahweh and Gideon at first: Yahweh accuses the Israelites (and Gideon as one of them) for not listening to his command to 'not worship the gods of the Amorites', despite having brought the Israelites out of Egypt and driven out their 'oppressors' and giving them 'their land' (Canaan) (Judges 6:6–10). In return, Gideon accuses Yahweh of having abandoned the Israelites to the oppression of the Midianites despite having brought the Israelites (Gideon's ancestors) out of Egypt (Judges 6:11–13). It is not clear why Yahweh chooses to re-embrace the Israelites and trust Gideon as their champion, but Gideon's trust in Yahweh is restored when the god tells him to sacrifice a goat and unleavened bread, which an angel of Yahweh sets on fire (Judges 6:17–24). Gideon proceeds to follow Yahweh's orders to destroy the sanctuaries of other gods, including 2210::15–18, the strength of the armies numbered 26,000 men on the Benjamin side (of whom only 700 from Gibeah), and 400,000 men on the other side. According to Judges 20:16, among all these soldiers there were seven hundred select troops who were left-handed, each of whom could sling a stone at a hair and not miss. When the Tribe of Benjamin refused to surrender the guilty parties, the rest of the tribes marched on Gibeah. On the first day of battle the confederated Israelite tribes suffered heavy losses. On the second day Benjamin went out against them from Gibeah and cut down thousands of the confederated Israelite swordsmen. Then the confederated Israelites went up to the house of God. They sat there before the Lord and fasted that day until evening; and they offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the Lord. (The ark of the covenant of God was there in those days, and Phinehas the son of Eleazar, the son of Aaron, stood before it.) And the Lord said, "Go up, for tomorrow I will deliver them into your hand." 1935:, who is identified by the narrative as the leader of the Israelites, receives instruction from God. God tells them to set up an ambush and Joshua does what God says. An ambush is arranged at the rear of the city on the western side. Joshua is with a group of soldiers that approach the city from the front so the men of Ai, thinking they will have another easy victory, chase Joshua and the fighting men from the entrance of the city to lead the men of Ai away from the city. Then the fighting men to the rear enter the city and set it on fire. When the city is captured, 12,000 men and women are killed, and it is razed to the ground. The king is captured and hanged on a tree until the evening. His body is then placed at the city gates and stones are placed on top of his body. The Israelites then burn Ai completely and "made it a permanent heap of ruins". God told them they could take the livestock as plunder and they did so. 2214:

the trap that had been set as the confederated Israelites appeared to retreat and the Benjaminites were drawn away from the city to the highways in pursuit, one of which goes up to Bethel and the other to Gibeah. Those besieging the city sent up a great cloud of smoke as a signal, and the Israelite main force wheeled around to attack. When the Benjaminites saw their city in flames, and that the retreat had been a ruse, they panicked and routed toward the desert, pursued by the confederated Israelites. About 600 survived the onslaught and made for the more defensible rock of Rimmon where they remained for four months. The Israelites withdrew through the territory off Benjamin, destroying every city they came to, killing every inhabitant and all the livestock.

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against the house with which I am at war, and God has ordered me to hurry. Stop for your own sake from interfering with God who is with me, so that He will not destroy you." However, Josiah would not turn away from him, but disguised himself in order to make war with him; nor did he listen to the words of Neco from the mouth of God, but came to make war on the plain of Megiddo. The archers shot King Josiah, and the king said to his servants, "Take me away, for I am badly wounded." So his servants took him out of the chariot and carried him in the second chariot which he had, and brought him to Jerusalem where he died and was buried in the tombs of his fathers.

1378: 3352:; his soldiers had acclaimed him as king upon hearing of Zimri's usurpation (1 Kings 16:15–16). Omri led his army towards the capital and commenced the siege of Tirzah (1 Kings 16:17). When Zimri realised the city would fall, he set his palace on fire and perished in the flames after a reign of seven days; the narrator claims this happened because he had 'sinned in the eyes of Yahweh', just like his predecessor Jeroboam (1 Kings 16:17–18). The people of Israel/Samaria were then divided into two factions, one siding with Omri, and the other with Tibni (1 Kings 16:21). As Zimri's 7-day reign began in 2554:

the pool. And Abner said to Jo'ab, "Let the young men arise and play before us." And Jo'ab said, "Let them arise." Then they arose and passed over by number, twelve for Benjamin and Ish-bo'sheth the son of Saul, and twelve of the servants of David. And each caught his opponent by the head, and thrust his sword in his opponent's side; so they fell down together. Therefore that place was called Hel'kath-hazzu'rim, which is at Gibeon. And the battle was very fierce that day; and Abner and the men of Israel were beaten before the servants of David. (

2073:, telling him that God commanded him to march on Mount Tabor with an Israelite army and God promised him he would "deliver them" (the Canaanites) into Barak's "power". Barak was hesitant and told Deborah that he would not undertake the campaign unless she accompanied him. The prophetess agreed to come, but scolded Barak, telling him that "you shall not gain the glory in the expedition on which you are setting out, for the Lord will have Sisera fall into the power of a woman." Deborah, Barak and the army gathered at 3042:. Following the news of Solomon's death in 931 BCE, Jeroboam ventured back to the kingdoms of Israel, now under the rule of Solomon's son Rehoboam. Rehoboam's rule had been comparatively less appreciated than his father's, having been advised to show no weakness to the people, and to tax them even more. Jeroboam, as part of a delegation, went before Rehoboam and petitioned for a cap on taxes, which Rehoboam refused. Following the rejection, ten of the tribes withdrew their allegiance to the house of 1143: 39: 682: 9441: 9559: 2206:. Outraged, the confederated tribes mobilized to demand justice and gathered a combined force of about 400,000 confederated Israelites at Mizpah. They sent men through all the tribe of Benjamin, demanding that they deliver up the men who committed the crime to be executed, but the Benjaminites refused and decided to go to war to defend the men of Gibeah instead. They gathered a rebel Benjaminite force of 26,000 to defend Gibeah. According to 2088:, near Mount Tabor. God caused a strong rainstorm which saturated the ground, causing the Canaanites heavy iron chariots to become stuck in the mud. Rain filled the streams on the mountain causing a flash flood at the Wadi Kishon, sweeping many away. The Canaanites panicked and fled, and the Israelites pursued them and slayed them to the last man. Sisera left his chariot and ran for his life. Sisera reached to the tent of 2908:, makes frequent reference to the Exodus, the wilderness wanderings, a covenant, the danger of foreign gods and the need to worship Yahweh alone; this has led scholars to the view that these traditions behind Deuteronomy have a northern origin. Whether the Deuteronomic code – the set of laws at chapters 12–26 which form the original core of the book – was written in 3073:, with their surrounding villages. Following this defeat, Jeroboam posed little threat to the Davidic kingdom, and died three years later. Despite defeating the separatist forces of the ten rebel tribes, the kingdoms of Judah and Samaria failed to be reunified in the wake of the war's end, and remained increasingly divided until being destroyed by invaders in 2245:, by casting them further back in time, and adding a more justifiable motive. More recently, scholars have suggested that it is more likely for the narrative to be based on a kernel of truth, particularly since it accounts for the stark contrast in the biblical narrative between the character of the tribe before the incident and its character afterwards. 971:) is sometimes translated as "the ban" and it denotes the separation, exclusion and dedication of persons or objects to God which may be specially set apart for destruction (Deuteronomy 7:26; Leviticus 27:28-29). Historian Susan Niditch says "the root h-r-m links together several biblical non-war and war usages of the term ... under the heading of 3012:. The conflict began due to discontent under the rule of Solomon's successor, his son Rehoboam, and was waged with the goal of breaking away from the United Monarchy of Israel. Though this goal was achieved very early on in the conflict, the war continued throughout the duration of Rehoboam's reign and well into the reign of his son, 2475::21, "the price was 2/3 of a shekel for sharpening plow points and mattocks, and 1/3 of a shekel for sharpening forks and axes." Only King Saul and his son Jonathan were said to have carried a spear and a bronze straight sword between them, though it is also possible that Jonathan was armed with a bow and quiver of arrows as well. 2141:. This action is widely considered sacrilege by their devotees (Judges 6:14–32), and eventually causes 'all the Midianites, Amalekites and other eastern peoples' to join forces and attack, against which Gideon assembles a coalition of the Israelite tribes of Abiezrites, Manasseh, Asher, Zebulun and Naphtali (Judges 6:33–35). 1080:, the Elamite King Chedorlaomer had subdued the tribes and cities surrounding the Jordan River plain. After 13 years, four kings of the cities of the Jordan plain revolted against Chedorlaomer's rule. In response, Chedorlaomer and three other kings started a campaign against King Bera of Sodom and four other allied kings. 2802:. They crossed leaving behind several spies and double agents to subvert Absalom and his conspirators and infiltrate their court and gather information on the rebel movements. David retreated to a city east of the Jordan, Mahanaim, most likely to be identified with Tell adh-Dhahab ash-Sharqiyya on the south side of the 3525:) destroyed by a foreign enemy is portrayed as a sexually promiscuous woman who receives sexual violence and the resulting shame as a just punishment for her sins. Even though the Israelite god Yahweh had no previous relationship with Nineveh that the latter could be 'unfaithful' to, it is presented as revenge for the 1843:, a Canaanite prostitute who had sheltered the spies, her parents, brothers and all "those who belonged to her" were spared. Joshua then cursed anybody who rebuilt the foundations and gates, with the deaths of their firstborn and youngest child respectively. This was eventually fulfilled by Hiel the Bethelite under 2096:, and she offered him shelter, as the Kenites were not at war with the Canaanites. Yael hid Sisera and gave him some milk to drink, but killed him after he fell asleep by knocking a tent peg through his temple. Thus, when Barak arrived in pursuit of Sisera, he found that Deborah's prophecy had been fulfilled. 8817:

The discrepancy between the length of the siege according to the regnal years of Zedekiah (years 9–11), on the one hand, and its length according to Jehoiachin's exile (years 9–12), on the other, can be cancelled out only by supposing the former to have been reckoned on a Tishri basis, and the latter

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the Elkoshite". Chapter 1 narrates in the first and third person how the Israelite deity Yahweh tells the Assyrians that he will punish them by destroying their capital city of Nineveh, and chapters 2 and 3 go on to narrate in detail how he will do so. Scholar Susanne Scholz (2021) noted that Nahum 3

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was composed of a chariot carrying 2 men, a charioteer and an archer with javelins, bows, and arrows, and three squads of infantry runners, 4-men each. The infantry runners, also wearing leather breastplates and armed with swords, spears, and round bronze shields, would have numbered more than 30,000

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that littered the valley. Those who escaped fled to the mountains, including the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah. These two cities were then spoiled of their goods and provisions and some of their citizens were captured. Among the captives was Abraham's nephew, Lot. Abraham, staying in Elonei Mamrei with

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discussion of Genesis 19 (and its parallel, Judges 19) is still couched in such terms as 'homosexual rape' and 'homosexuality'. {...}There is a parallel story to Genesis 19 in the Hebrew bible, that of the outrage at Gibeah found in Judges 19–21 which Phyllis Trible (1984) has rightly described as a

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blew the trumpets. Abijah was quick in countering this move made by Jeroboam; he ordered his warriors to fight bravely and countered the pincer movement executed by Jeroboam to his warriors, crushing the latter's huge army. Abijah and the warriors of Judah who were under his command had won the day,

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Abner the son of Ner, and the servants of Ish-bo'sheth the son of Saul, went out from Mahana'im to Gibeon. And Jo'ab the son of Zeru'iah, and the servants of David, went out and met them at the pool of Gibeon; and they sat down, the one on the one side of the pool, and the other on the other side of

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centers on the danger of apostasy, but its tale of civil war and escalating violence also emphasizes the tragedy that can result from the indiscriminate application of חרם . The whole account is highly ironic: the Israelites set out to avenge the rape of one woman, only to authorize the rapes of six

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On the third day the confederated Israelites set men in ambush all around Gibeah. They formed into formation as before and the rebelling Benjaminites went out to meet them. The rebelling Benjaminites killed about thirty in the highways and in the field, anticipating another victory where unaware of

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on a Nisan basis. The difference of one year between the two is accounted for by the fact that the termination of the siege fell in the summer, between Nisan and Tishri, already in the 12th year according to the reckoning in Ezekiel, but still in Zedekiah's 11th year which was to end only in Tishri.

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The confederated tribes had vowed that none would give his daughter to the Benjamites (or Benjaminites) for marriage, but after killing all but 600 Benjamites, the tribes were overcome by remorse, fearing that it would cause the extinction of an entire tribe. They circumvented the oath by pillaging

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In the seventh year in the month Chislev the king of Babylon assembled his army, and after he had invaded the land of Hatti (Syria/Palestine) he laid siege to the city of Judah. On the second day of the month of Adar he conquered the city and took the king prisoner. He installed in his place a

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for the rest of his reign; however, despite being victorious, Abijah also failed to reunify Israel and Judah. To conclude, despite the battle being decisive for both sides, this only deepened their division of each other, and these two kingdoms would be engaged in severe border wars for almost two

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of the plunder as tithes. Then Bera, king of Sodom, came to Abraham and thanked him, requesting that he keep the plunder but return his people. Abraham declined, saying, "I swore I would never take anything from you, so you can never say 'I have made Abraham rich.'" What Abraham accepted from Bera

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as king, provoking a civil war. Rehoboam then went to war against the new kingdom with a force of 180,000 soldiers, but was advised against fighting his brethren, so he returned to Jerusalem. After the unified kingdom was divided, there had been constant border issues between the two parties, and

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does not mention Jericho, although some Bible translations identify the "City of Palms" mentioned in Judges 1:16 with Jericho. Even so, the verse does not indicate the city was taken by military force, nor is it the first city the Israelites conquered according to Judges 1, which starts with the

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are concerned with the destruction of nations in war. C. L. Crouch compares the two kingdoms of Israel and Judah to Assyria, saying their similarities in cosmology and ideology gave them similar ethical outlooks on war. Both Crouch and Lauren Monroe, professor of Near Eastern studies at Cornell,

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After all this, when Josiah had set the temple in order, Neco king of Egypt came up to make war at Carchemish on the Euphrates, and Josiah went out to engage him. But Neco sent messengers to him, saying, "What have we to do with each other, O King of Judah? I am not coming against you today but

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after Solomon died in about 931 BCE. This created discontent among all the Israelite tribes of the kingdom, excepting Judah and Benjamin, and the people's discontent soon became a rebellion when the king, against the advice of the elders, refused to lessen the burdens of royal taxation. The ten

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of Giloh one of the royal councilors. When News of Absalom's now open revolt in Hebron reached the royal Israelite court in Jerusalem Upon learning of these developments, King David ordered the city and court evacuated, fearing that the rebel forces under Absalom would besiege. He left with the

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and some versions of the Bible, the Philistines dispatched a force of 30,000 chariots, 6,000 horsemen, and a large number of infantry against King Saul's army, but it is believed that the Philistines supplied way fewer than 30,000 chariots to the battlefield. The actual size and strength of the

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has also been supported using Bible texts. Historian Susan Niditch says the range of war ideologies in ancient Near Eastern culture can be seen by understanding attitudes toward war in the Hebrew Bible. In the Hebrew Bible warfare includes the Amalekites, Canaanites, Moabites, and the record in

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notes that most modern translations try to improve this passage by taking into account what we now know from other historical sources, namely that Egypt and Assyria were then allies. The original text also does not mention a 'battle', yet some modern versions add the word 'battle' to the text.

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text of terror for women.{...}Stone acknowledges the relationship of Judges 19 and Genesis 19, describing them as each being one of the few "clear references to homosexuality in the Hebrew Bible" (Stone, 1995:98).{...}In Judges 19, the process is similar but with some interesting differences.

3615:, in his third year, changed his allegiance from Egypt to Babylon. He paid tribute from the treasury in Jerusalem, some temple artifacts and some of the royal family and nobility as hostages. In 601 BC, during the fourth year of his reign, Nebuchadnezzar unsuccessfully attempted to invade 1228:, although other interpretations have arisen. With the water dispersed, the Israelites were able to walk on dry ground and cross the sea, followed by the Egyptian army. Once the Israelites have safely crossed, Moses drops his staff, closing the sea, and drowning the pursuing Egyptians. 1002:

The Hebrew scholar Baruch A. Levine notes that Deut.7:1-11 shows that Hebrew ideology has evolved since the writing of Exodus 33:5-16, with its addition of the ban (see Exodus 20:19,20). Levine concludes that this is one of several indications, including extra-biblical evidence, that

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confirm the accounts of Shoshenq I's campaign in Canaan, around the same time as Rehobeam; the size of the Egyptian army might not be unrealistic for the historical period, and a relief from Karnak records Sheshonq I presenting the tribute taken from his Levantine campaign to

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Commentaries on the books of Samuel, Kings, Chronicles, and Psalms, and histories of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, especially Wellhausen and Kittel. A sketch of the life and historical position of David from the modern Continental point of view is found in G. Beer,

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The Israel and Judah period in the Hebrew Bible stretches from the alleged split of the united monarchy into Israel and Judah (c. 930 BCE), until the fall of Judah due to the Babylonian conquest of Jerusalem in 587 BCE. The military and religious conflict between the

792:, including military events narrated in it. They have noted some discrepancies and contradictions between various descriptions of wars and battles. For example, with the exception of the first verse, scholars have long recognised and studied the parallels between 1289:

Moses urged the faithful to fight and placed his people under the leadership of Joshua. The words, "that will hold up the rod of God," could be an expression of his beliefs about impending victory in the coming battle, since they fought under the banner of God.

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Scholarly opinion is divided as to the historicity of the events in the Books of Samuel. Most scholars believe that the Books of Samuel contain a large amount of historical information, while there are some dissenters who view them as entirely fictional.

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and captured several cities. An alliance of northern Canaanite city-states sent a united force to halt the Israelite invasion. The Israelites counterattacked, catching the Canaanite forces unaware and routing them with a fearsome head-on assault.

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watched from above. When he held his hands up, Israel gained the military advantage. Whenever he put his hands down, according to the Biblical account, they began to lose. The Bible describes how when Moses became tired, his closest relatives,

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were not allowed to touch, possess, or redeem these "devoted things". However, the later usage of the term, such as its usage in Numbers 18:14-17 and Deuteronomy 7, indicates that items and first-born children were supposed to be set aside as

835:, the scholarly consensus is that the war did not take place, certainly not as narrated. Rather than describing what really happened in the past, the author(s) of Numbers 31 most likely wished to convey a certain theological message about who 2337:, thinking that through this "they should have the presence of God with them, and so success", but the Philistines again defeated the Israelites, this time killing 30,000 and capturing the Ark. Samuel records that the two sons of the judge 3356:'s 27th reign year and Omri's reign began in Asa's 31st (1 Kings 16:23), the war would have lasted about 4 years until Omri's forces prevailed. Tibni is recorded as having died, and the Septuagint adds that he had a brother called Joram ( 1820::13–6:27 narrates the Battle of Jericho. Joshua, the leader of the Israelites, sent two spies to Jericho, the first city of Canaan that they decided to conquer, and discovered that the land was in fear of them and their God. According to 9094:

Vaknin, Yoav; Shaar, Ron; Lipschits, Oded; Mazar, Amihai; Maeir, Aren M.; Garfinkel, Yosef; Freud, Liora; Faust, Avraham; Tappy, Ron E.; Kreimerman, Igor; Ganor, Saar; Covello-Paran, Karen; Sergi, Omer; Herzog, Zeev; Arav, Rami (2022).

3115:. About 500,000 Israelites were said to have lain dead after this single engagement, though most modern commentators consider the numbers to be either wildly exaggerated or symbolic, and some have even questioned its fundamental 2221:'s compilation of Judges from its source material, and clearly has several exaggerations of both numbers and modes of warfare. Additionally, the inhospitality which triggered the battle is reminiscent of the Torah's account of 2867::21. which suggests a mountain with a high ground position for David to attack. Alternatively, since David says "Yahweh burst-through" (פָּרַץ יְהוָה) "like bursting of waters" (פֶרֶץ מָיִם) it may be a reference to waters. 3185:

killing 500,000 Israelite warriors in the process. The rest of the Israelite army fled from the battlefield heading back north, and the forces of Judah then staged a relentless pursuit against them, taking the cities of

3450:. King Josiah went to meet him; and Pharaoh Neco slew him at Megiddo, when he saw him. And his servants carried him dead in a chariot from Megiddo, and brought him to Jerusalem, and buried him in his own tomb. 1968:. Archaeologist Nadav Na'aman has suggested that this battle may never have taken place, and that its narrative might have "preserved some remote echoes of wars conducted in these places in early Iron Age I." 3484:. Some of the battles mentioned or described in the prophetic books also feature in the historical books, and so there is some overlap in content, although the information provided may differ significantly. 1124:

Whether this event occurred in history has been disputed by scholars. According to Ronald Hendel, "The current consensus is that there is little or no historical memory of pre-Israelite events in Genesis."

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The first date is taken from Ezek 24:1, where it is said that the final siege of Jerusalem began in the tenth month of the "ninth year." ... The tenth month of that year corresponds roughly to January 589

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Monroe, Lauren A. S. (2007). "Israelite, Moabite and Sabaean War- Ḥērem Traditions and the Forging of National Identity: Reconsidering the Sabaean Text RES 3945 in Light of Biblical and Moabite Evidence".

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Abijah's plea to Jeroboam was not heeded. Jeroboam had set up an ambush to come from the rear of Abijah's army, so that the latter's army would be fighting on his army's front and rear, executing a giant

1459:, burnt their settlements and took captive the women, children and livestock. Moses commanded the Israelites to kill the boys and women who had sex with men and spare the virgin girls for themselves. The 1009:

was a later addition to Hebrew thought. Levine says this indicates that Israel was still, as late as Deuteronomy, making ideological adjustments with regard to the importation of the foreign practice of

2253:, none of whose residents partook in the war or in the vow, thereby capturing its 400 maidens for the Benjaminites. The 200 men still lacking women were subtly allowed to abduct the maidens dancing at 1096:, immediately mounted a rescue operation, arming 318 of his trained servants, who went in pursuit of the enemy armies that were returning to their homelands. They caught up with them in the city of 3406:

refused to let the Egyptians pass. The Judaean forces battled the Egyptians at Megiddo, resulting in Josiah's death and his kingdom becoming a vassal state of Egypt. The battle is recorded in the

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in c. 913 BCE proved to be Jeroboam's final defeat, as the armies of Rehoboam's son Abijam reportedly killed half a million of Jeroboam's soldiers and captured the important Samarian centers of

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and received a pardon with some restrictions. Later, he began a campaign to win the lost favour and trust of the people, which was successful. Absalom, under the pretense of going to worship at

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as puppet-king of Judah, and Jeconiah was compelled to remain in Babylon. The start of Zedekiah's reign has been variously dated within a few weeks before, or after the start of Nisan 597 BC.

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at Carchemish, where the combined Egyptian and Assyrian forces were destroyed. Assyria ceased to exist as an independent power, and Egypt retreated and was no longer a significant force in the

2261:, stating: "This command to kill all but the virgin girls is without precedent in the Pentateuch. However, precisely parallels Moses's command. (...) Like Num 25, the story recounted in 6335:

Denominating Amalek: Racist stereotyping in the Bible and the Justification of Discrimination", in Sanctified aggression: legacies of biblical and post biblical vocabularies of violence

1326::3). After the success of the Israeli military, it erected an altar – Yahweh-Nissi (Heb. יְהוָה נִסִּי) – denoting "The Lord is my banner." The name refers to the sticks held by Moses. 2676:. Some scholars reckon Jebus to be a different place from Jerusalem; other scholars prefer to see the name of Jebus as a kind of pseudo-ethnic name without any historical background". 8412: 2492:

men in total strength. Add in the charioteers and archers mounted in the chariots and the 6,000 horsemen, the Philistines mustered a total of 48,000 soldiers against the Israelites.

2467:. According to the Bible, Saul's army consisted entirely of infantry, about 3,000 soldiers and militia men. Saul kept a standing army of three thousand soldiers after the Battle of 750:. They cover a wide range of topics from detailed battle reports including weapons and tactics used, numbers of combatants involved, and casualties experienced, to discussions of 987:

type of total war was not strictly an Israelite practice but was a common approach to war for many Near Eastern people of the Bronze and Iron Ages. For example, the 9th century

2570:. The pool itself was unearthed in 1957. The Pool of Gibeon, "one of the ancient world's remarkable engineering achievements", was dug 88 feet into limestone until it met the 816:. Judges 1 and Joshua 15–19 present two accounts of a slow, gradual, and only partial conquest by individual Israelite tribes, marred by defeats, in stark contrast with the 365: 2777:. David, unaware of his true intentions, granted it and Absalom left with an escort of 200 men. Upon arriving in the city, Absalom sent messengers to all the leaders and 3152:

succeeded to the throne after the death of his father Rehoboam, and attempted to reunite all of Israel, including Judah, under his rule. According to Biblical sources,

2912:'s time (late 7th century) or earlier is subject to debate, but many of the individual laws are older than the collection itself. The two poems at chapters 32–33 – the 3159:

Before the battle, Abijah addressed the armies of Israel, urging them to submit and to let the Kingdom of Israel be whole again. As written in the biblical narrative (

1076:

where the Battle of Siddim occurred between four Mesopotamian armies and five cities of the Jordan plain. According to the biblical account, before the destruction of

7557: 862:(primarily the books of Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and 2 Kings). In other cases, there are extrabiblical sources that attest to a military event having happened, such as the 6803: 2345:, died that day, as well as Eli. "And it came to pass, when made mention of the ark of God, that fell from off his seat backward by the side of the gate, and his 923:

Warfare represents a special category of biblical violence and is a topic the Bible addresses, directly and indirectly, in four ways: there are verses that support

8364: 1477:

Much scholarly and religious controversy exists surrounding the authorship, meaning and ethics of this chapter of Numbers. It is closely connected to Numbers 25.

2217:

According to scholars, the biblical text describing the battle and the events surrounding it is considerably late in date, originating close to the time of the

1340:

In Exodus 32:26–28, it is narrated that Moses ordered the Levites to carry out a massacre amongst the Israelites as a punishment for making and worshipping the

7529: 7501: 6561:

Seibert, Eric A. (21 October 2016). "Recent Research on Divine Violence in the Old Testament (with Special Attention to Christian Theological Perspectives)".

3290: 3004:. The conflict, referring to the independence of the Kingdom of Samaria and the subsequent civil war during Jeroboam's rule, began shortly after the death of 2637:). The Israelites gained access to the city by conducting a surprise assault, and Jebus (or Jerusalem) was subsequently installed as the capital city of the 2202:

the Levite. He turns his concubine over to the crowd, and they rape her until she collapses. The Levite dismembers her and presents the remains to the other

3732:), Nebuchadnezzar broke through Jerusalem's walls, conquering the city. Zedekiah and his followers attempted to escape but were captured on the plains of 2781:

princes throughout the empire to back him as king. Meanwhile, back in Hebron he continued to sacrifice under the guise that he was only there to worship

2333:. The Philistines defeated the Israelites during the first battle, killing 4,000 Israelites. The Israelites then brought up the Ark of the Covenant from 2471:. However, none of the soldiers carried swords or spears with them and had to rely on axes, sickles, mattocks, and plow points as weapons. According to 1587:–19 present two accounts of a slow, gradual, and only partial conquest by individual Israelite tribes, marred by defeats, in stark contrast with the 3167:“Listen to me, Jeroboam and all Israel: 5 “Do you not know that the LORD God of Israel gave the rule over Israel forever to David and his sons by a 2703:

were, the inhabitants of the land. The inhabitants of Jebus said to David, "You will not come in here." Nevertheless, David took the stronghold of

1048:, the Battle of the Vale of Siddim is narrated, also often called the War of Nine Kings or the Slaughter of Chedorlaomer. It occurs in the days of 2810:. This identification is bolstered by the statement that Absalom's army camped "in the land of Gilead" as they prepared for battle against David. 1611:

The narrative of the Israelites conquering the land of Canaan comprises verses 5:13 to 12:24 of the Book of Joshua and has the following outline:

1278:

announced the extermination of the Amalekites and called on Israel to defeat them, stating that Israel would experience peace with their enemies (

9132: 8685: 3193:

during the ensuing pursuit. The factor for Judah's success in the battle is mainly attributed to Abijah and his troops' devotion to their God.

1870:. The lack of archaeological evidence and the composition, history and theological purposes of the Book of Joshua have led archaeologists like 8209:

Symbiosis, symbolism, and the power of the past: Canaan, ancient Israel, and their neighbors from the Late Bronze Age through Roman Palaestina

7392: 9713: 8420: 1862:, the biblical Jericho, have failed to substantiate this story, which has its origins in the nationalist propaganda of much later kings of 343: 6454: 9744: 2785:

while still gathering officials and important people in the empire, growing his numbers and strength, including receiving the support of

390: 2310:

is debated, with some scholars leaning toward many events in Samuel being historical, and some scholars leaning towards less. (See also

8284: 7368: 6106: 9149: 903:. Sometimes archaeology can provide some additional evidence in favour or against a purported biblical battle having happened or not. 3767:

After the fall of Jerusalem, the Babylonian general Nebuzaraddan was sent to complete its destruction. Jerusalem was plundered, and

1274:

they camped in Rephidim. The battle began with the Amalekites' unprovoked attack against the Israelites (Exodus 17:8). Afterwards,

1108:, where he defeated Chedorlaomer and his forces. Abram recovered all the goods and the captives (including Lot). After the battle, 9573: 9373: 5618: 710: 506: 412: 9638: 312: 193: 188: 7364:"Compulsory Heterosexuality in Biblical Narratives and their Interpretations: Reading Homophobia and Rape in Sodom and Gibeah" 3418:. While Necho II gained control of the Kingdom of Judah, the combined Assyrian-Egyptian forces lost to the Babylonians at the 8216: 8187: 8137: 8115: 8104: 7824: 7440: 6769: 6740: 6654: 6545: 6426: 6317: 1147: 180: 7986: 3223: 9643: 7309: 1283: 8479: 2574:. A spiral staircase along the walls allowed access to the water, according to the archeologists that excavated the site. 1927:

on two occasions. The first, in Joshua 7, fails. The biblical account portrays the failure as being due to a prior sin of

880:

found on a clay tablet. There are also some wars involving the ancient Israelites/Jews that have not been recorded in the

9676: 9483: 9269: 9125: 8645: 8568: 8369: 6789: 5210: 3724:). The city fell after a siege, which lasted either eighteen or thirty months. In the eleventh year of Zedekiah's reign ( 2696: 2638: 2394: 441: 3316:, where they halted due to exhaustion. The result of the battle created peace between Judah and Egypt until the time of 9395: 9046: 8637: 8374: 7112: 5883: 216: 211: 8560: 9688: 9671: 9628: 9186: 9078: 8975: 8952: 8931: 8910: 8506: 8346: 8294: 8008: 7910: 7757: 7746: 7735: 7731: 7702: 7691: 7647: 7643: 7607: 7402: 7260: 6940: 6903: 6867: 6835: 6474: 6215: 3986: 3423: 1335: 780:), and reflections on wars that have happened, or predictions, visions or imaginations of wars that are yet to come. 359: 224: 8024: 7680: 7669: 7658: 6839: 3708:

and other countries to seek refuge. The Bible describes the city as enduring horrible deprivation during the siege (

3019:

Jeroboam had fled to Egypt decades prior to the war after Solomon tried to kill him following prophecies by Yahweh (

9661: 9234: 8797:

Malamat, Abraham (1968). "The Last Kings of Judah and the Fall of Jerusalem: An Historical – Chronological Study".

4320: 3344:

of Samaria and all his family members, starting a war of succession between rival factions. One faction was led by

2006: 1393: 635: 116: 6843: 2806:

River. Most Bible geographers place the "Forest of Ephraim" east of the Jordan River, in the region also known as

1595:

of the Book of Joshua, which portray a swift and complete victory of a united Israelite army under the command of

824:

of the Book of Joshua, which portray a swift and complete victory of a united Israelite army under the command of

9755: 6153: 4641: 4241: 3823:

two months later, and the population that had remained and those who had returned then fled to Egypt for safety (

1304: 1279: 1083:

The Northern forces overwhelmed the Southern kings of the Jordan plain, driving some of them into the asphalt or

913: 675: 545: 307: 7550: 7229: 7218: 7207: 6831: 6827: 5520: 2555: 1267: 1244: 9118: 8253: 8242: 7433:

The Unquenchable Lamp of the Covenant: The First Fourteen Generations in the Genealogy of Jesus Christ (Book 3)

7147: 7136: 1894: 1886: 1824: 384: 8148: 7363: 9786: 9313: 9229: 7522: 7331: 7320: 5125: 4635: 4207: 2888:. This is alleged to have led to different religious traditions in the north and south. The Judahite prophet 2729: 2716: 1944: 1286:). This was the first of several conflicts over several hundred years between the Amalekites and Israelites. 511: 8442: 8231: 9289: 8737:

A New Chronology for the Kings of Israel and Judah and Its Implications for Biblical History and Literature

8599: 6076: 6071:, written as 'YHWH' in the Hebrew Bible, is most typically printed as LORD in English-language bibles. See 4862: 4811: 3616: 3552: 3499: 960: 6816: 9767: 9708: 9683: 9583: 9405: 9400: 9383: 9345: 8677: 8313: 6162: 6049: 5934: 5902: 5716: 5600: 5214: 3784: 3687: 3603: 3530: 3304:

The warriors of Judah were victorious in the battle, utterly defeating the Egyptians and Kushites, which

3140: 3100: 2905: 2877: 2562:

The remains of Gibeon were excavated in the late 1950s and early 1960s by a team of archeologists led by

2410: 1867: 884:, but that have been attested in other biblical writings (as well as extrabiblical sources), such as the 859: 703: 550: 6776:

The current consensus is that there is little or no historical memory of pre-Israelite events in Genesis

1377: 1318:. The Amalekites were to be erased from history. Curses with similar overtones are also recorded in the 407: 9693: 9390: 8799: 5796: 5750: 5226: 3509: 3503: 3373: 2791: 2563: 896: 863: 4841: 2483:

Philistine army is estimated at over 40,000 men, consisting of 6,000 horsemen and about 3,000 special

9739: 9363: 6034: 5390: 3190: 3120: 3070: 2997: 2981: 1971:

In the biblical narrative, around 40 years before the battle, the Israelites escaped from slavery in

1535: 630: 6102:"The Configuring of Judicial Preliminaries: Judges 1.1-2.5 and Its Dependence On the Book of Joshua" 3775:. The city was razed to the ground. Only a few people were permitted to remain to tend to the land ( 1827:, the Israelites marched around the walls once every day for six days with the priests carrying the 38: 9698: 9538: 9333: 9028: 7567: 7242: 6044: 5915: 5862: 5275: 5068: 3885: 3820: 3631: 3619:

and was repulsed with heavy losses. The failure led to numerous rebellions among the states of the

3090: 3058: 3009: 2708: 2642: 1531: 1436: 789: 777: 575: 396: 354: 198: 7494: 6398:

Stone, Lawson (1991). "Ethical and Apologetic Tendencies in the Redaction of the Book of Joshua".

6101: 4564: 3740:. There, after seeing his sons killed, Zedekiah was blinded, bound, and taken captive to Babylon ( 3627:, where King Jehoiakim stopped paying tribute to Nebuchadnezzar and took a pro-Egyptian position. 3512:, which happened in or around 612 BCE. The story was supposedly written down after "the vision of 3156:

had an army of 400,000, all of them handpicked or conscripted, and Jeroboam had 800,000 warriors.

9703: 9543: 9476: 8159: 7974: 7962: 6794: 6072: 5730: 5700: 5691: 5646: 2794:, a mercenary force of 600 Gathites under their commander Ittai the Gittite. They marched to the 1836: 966: 773: 585: 535: 370: 170: 158: 139: 8093: 8052: 1100:, flanking the enemy on multiple sides during a night raid. The attack ran its course as far as 9623: 9618: 9588: 9298: 6892:"Numbers 31. War against the Midianites: Judgment for Past Sin, Foretaste of a Future Conquest" 6204:"Numbers 31. War against the Midianites: Judgment for Past Sin, Foretaste of a Future Conquest" 6029: 4931: 4794:

Saul exterminates Amalekites. Yahweh rejects Saul as king for not killing Amalekite livestock.

4444: 3357: 2464: 2334: 2254: 1563: 1173: 892: 889: 747: 696: 659: 651: 595: 565: 402: 375: 103: 8963: 8898: 8496: 8204: 8175: 7814: 7597: 6930: 6891: 6730: 6203: 2393:

The united monarchy period in the Hebrew Bible stretches from the establishment of a supposed

2269:

hundred more. They regret the results of one slaughter, so they commit another to repair it".

9633: 9593: 9249: 8921: 7927: 7506: 7299: 7159: 6857: 6757: 6537: 6531: 6466: 5824: 5770: 5734: 4920:(2 Samuel 3: David betrothed Michal for 100 Philistine foreskins, demands Saul deliver her.) 4689: 4627: 4590: 4571: 3560: 3438: 3395: 3297:

who, given the time frame with Asa's reign, may have been a military commander under Pharaoh

3220: 2963: 2522: 2338: 2156: 2150: 1831:. On the seventh day they marched seven times around the walls, then the priests blew their 1511: 1314:

The Book of Exodus mentions the curse-punishment thrown at enemies of the chosen people, the

877: 727: 590: 580: 479: 9219: 8704: 8336: 8041: 7800: 7769: 6647:כי ברוך הוא: Ancient Near Eastern, Biblical, and Judaic Studies in Honor of Baruch A. Levine 6601:

War and Ethics in the Ancient Near East: Military Violence in Light of Cosmology and History

6309: 6303: 4178: 1839:

they killed every man and woman of every age, as well as the oxen, sheep, and donkeys. Only

9603: 9417: 9323: 9176: 8037: 7714: 7562: 6988: 6964: 6799: 6266: 6242: 6039: 6010: 5847: 5193: 4070: 4045: 4022: 3994: 3963: 3928: 3920: 3900: 3772: 3664: 3546: 3024: 2929: 1568:

Narratives of the purported conquest of Canaan by the Israelites can be primarily found in

1559: 1523: 1507: 1360:. Deuteronomy adds that they also exterminate the entire population, comprising 60 cities. 1160: 1135: 866:; it is not only the main topic of the books of Nahum and Jonah, but also described in the 530: 516: 431: 338: 265: 6433:

the Bible also contains the horrific account of what can only be described as a "biblical

6363:

Fretheim, Terence (2004). "'I was only a little angry': Divine Violence in the Prophets".

3647:

Jehoiakim died during the siege, possibly on December 10, 598 BC, or during the months of

3643:

king of his own choice, and after he had received rich tribute, he sent forth to Babylon.

3196:

Jeroboam was crippled by this severe defeat to Abijah and thus posed little threat to the

2077:, its number rising to 10,000 warriors recruited from the tribes of Naphtali and Zebulun. 8: 9666: 9608: 9598: 9578: 9368: 9096: 8264: 5545: 4745: 4631: 3768: 3663:, who was either 8 or 18, and his court and other prominent citizens and craftsmen, were 3656: 3556: 3526: 3522: 3391: 2993: 2589: 2378: 2342: 2315: 2311: 2303: 1931:, for which he is stoned to death by the Israelites. On the second attempt, in Joshua 8, 1828: 1812: 1527: 1519: 560: 555: 540: 521: 456: 451: 244: 8947:. Evangelical Biblical Theology Commentary (EBTC) (illustrated ed.). Lexham Press. 4772:'Moab, the Ammonites, Edom, the kings of Zobah, and the Philistines', 'the Amalekites'. 3163::4-12), Abijah then rallied his own troops with an address to all the people of Israel: 9613: 9548: 9523: 9469: 9278: 9068: 9006: 8808: 8492: 7418: 6984: 6578: 6380: 6262: 6174: 5604: 4723: 4537: 4411: 4398: 3792: 3534: 3238:'s rule of Judah (usually dated to c. 926 BCE). Moreover, Egyptian sources such as the 3201:

centuries until the Kingdom of Israel's conquest and destruction by Assyria in 720 BC.

2900:, covenants with God, or disobedience to God's laws; in contrast Isaiah's contemporary 2884:

is claimed to have originated with the rejection of idolatrous practices introduced by

2653: 2567: 2430: 2222: 1855: 1191: 1097: 1077: 932: 664: 646: 605: 421: 240: 134: 124: 7391:

Schley, D. G. (1993). Graham, M. Patrick; Brown, William P.; Kuan, Jeffrey K. (eds.).

5001:

War of succession upon Saul's death between his son Ish-bosheth and son-in-law David.

3364:) who died as well (1 Kings 16:22), although how they met their ends is not narrated. 2478:

The full strength of the Philistine armies at Michmash has been debated. According to

9358: 9224: 9214: 9181: 9074: 9042: 8998: 8971: 8948: 8927: 8906: 8618: 8587: 8502: 8342: 8290: 8212: 8183: 8004: 7906: 7820: 7603: 7436: 7398: 7305: 7256: 7191: 7108: 6936: 6899: 6863: 6765: 6736: 6650: 6582: 6541: 6470: 6422: 6384: 6313: 6211: 6001: 5964: 5920: 5506: 5302: 5164: 5107: 4378:

Yahweh assists Gideon in driving out Midianites and other invaders. In return, Gideon

4143: 3955: 3591: 3587: 3260: 3051: 2917: 2842: 2657: 2504: 2444: 2346: 2226: 2191: 1806: 1547: 1352:

Numbers 21:33–35 and Deuteronomy 3:1–7 narrate that Moses and the Israelites conquer

1238: 756: 497: 436: 203: 8309: 4242:

pattern of Israelite apostasy, foreign raids as punishment, and Israelite repentance

3320:

some centuries later, when the latter would again make encroachments in the region.

2499:, "Saul, and Jonathan his son, and the people that were present with them, abode in 9734: 9528: 9378: 9349: 9259: 9171: 8608: 8591: 7902:

Shoshenq I and biblical Šîšaq: A philological defense of their traditional equation

7248: 6976: 6624: 6570: 6462: 6372: 6254: 6166: 6119: 5672: 5594: 5477: 5451: 5218: 4654: 4473: 3892: 3624: 3580: 3446:

In his days Pharaoh Neco king of Egypt went up to the king of Assyria to the river

3399: 3282: 3239: 3197: 3168: 3108: 3074: 3031: 2985: 2881: 2529:. Archeological evidence locates the historical site of the pool in the village of 2414: 2370: 2326: 2203: 2183: 2093: 1874:

to characterise the story of the fall of Jericho as "invented out of whole cloth".

1871: 1863: 1543: 1487: 1319: 1039: 885: 348: 326: 255: 175: 129: 9239: 4359: 3437:

text here has been misunderstood and translated as Necho going 'against' Assyria.

2976:, 'Israel's revolt against the House of David') was an armed insurrection against 2105: 9254: 9244: 9064: 9036: 8942: 8750: 6115: 6024: 5943: 5806: 5777:

Extrabiblical sources: Medes and Babylonians defeat Assyrians and destroy Nineveh

5695: 5681: 5641: 5555: 5468: 5432: 5307: 5284: 5247: 5202: 5174: 5053: 4951: 4873: 4831: 4701: 4603: 4532: 4248:

Judges 2 seems a summary of what is to come rather than a unique set of battles.

3835:(it is uncertain where the Bible is referring to here, probably somewhere in the 3668: 3576: 3481: 3473: 3455: 3434: 3177: 3160: 3149: 3135: 3124: 3112: 3028: 3013: 2935: 2852: 2739: 2684: 2619: 2538: 2382: 2350: 2322: 2307: 2278: 2023: 1965: 1835:, the Israelites raised a great shout, and the walls of the city fell. Following 1503: 1397: 1164: 1152: 1065: 8769: 6980: 6258: 3517:

mirrors other Hebrew prophetic poems in which a city (with Nineveh here being a

3378:

The biblical Battle of Megiddo is recorded as having taken place in 609 BC when

3308:

attributes to divine intervention, and Asa's forces collected a large volume of

9759: 9729: 9533: 9427: 9308: 9303: 9205: 9201: 8717: 8556: 8280: 8126: 8078: 8063: 7900: 7887: 7863: 6376: 6123: 6068: 5947: 5329: 5043: 5012: 4876::5: Elhanan, son of Jair kills Lahmi, brother of Goliath the Gittite in battle) 4853: 4518: 3844: 3824: 3796: 3745: 3477: 3419: 3305: 3234:, r. ~943–922 BCE) who attacked and sacked Jerusalem in the fifth year of king 3078: 3047: 2661: 2583: 2530: 2516: 2366: 2354: 2234: 2230: 2172: 2012: 1859: 1569: 1515: 1495: 1491: 1217: 1213: 1069: 1053: 940: 928: 805: 754:, the sacred and secular aspects of war (with divinely commanded wars known as 570: 446: 260: 51: 22: 8829: 8666:, ed. by Michael D Coogan. Published by Oxford University Press, 1999. pg 350. 8082: 8067: 7252: 6717: 6706: 6695: 4313: 4278: 3816: 3776: 3741: 3725: 3709: 3266: 3139:

northern tribes of Israel eventually broke up from the kingdom and made a new

2287: 1604: 1142: 9780: 9509: 9505: 9032: 9002: 8622: 7534: 6684: 6628: 6574: 5758: 5590: 5409: 4705: 4559:

They rename it "Dan", rebuild and repopulate it, and adopt Micah's idolatry.

3856: 3852: 3828: 3800: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3729: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3612: 3493: 3383: 3251:, later used to finance the construction of several structures across Egypt. 3216: 2948: 2913: 2795: 2673: 2468: 2250: 2218: 1928: 1447:, it narrates the Israelites waging war against the Midianites, commanded by 1413: 1271: 1260: 1209: 1113: 1045: 952: 900: 735: 94: 89: 8521: 7783: 6674:. Brown Judaic Studies. Vol. 211. Atlanta: Scholars Press. p. 173. 4679:

at Mizpah. Philistines attack them, but Yahweh leads Israelites to victory.

2125:. Following a period of 40 years of peace established by Deborah and Barak ( 851:

were, and how powerful the Israelites would be if Yahweh was on their side.

9763: 9501: 9451: 9318: 8613: 8561:"The Babylonian Chronicle and the Ancient Calendar of the Kingdom of Judah" 8365:"THE BABYLONIAN CHRONICLE AND THE ANCIENT CALENDAR OF THE KINGDOM OF JUDAH" 5367: 5325: 5159: 4517:

with Yahweh's help he kills 1,000 more, and when captured kills 3,000 in a

4301: 4270: 4219:

Yahweh assists Joshua & Israelites in defeating Canaanite city-states.

3564: 3407: 3353: 3337: 3270: 3001: 2885: 2838: 2799: 2595: 2526: 2291: 2085: 1906: 1743:

Chapters 10 and 11 closely parallel each other and have similar structure:

1539: 1499: 1425: 1421: 1409: 1382: 1195: 1073: 1057: 963:

is “utterly destroy”; Deut. 7:2). The noun which is derived from the verb (

881: 855: 731: 686: 302: 297: 286: 108: 63: 6640: 6638: 5655:'s death (705 BCE), various Levantine vassal states rebel against Assyria. 5376:

Started with Omri's brief siege of Tirzah, then 4-year war against Tibni.

5345: 3586:

The Egyptians met the full might of the Babylonian and Median army led by

3329: 3312:. Asa's forces pursued the enemy stragglers as far as the coastal city of 3016:, who defeated the armies of Jeroboam but failed to reunite the kingdoms. 2660:

refers to the city with the name of Jerusalem, offering as an example the

9041:(first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 176–191. 8856: 6512:

Lohfink, Norbert (1986). G. Johannes Botterweck; Helmer Ringgren (eds.).

5956: 5952: 5856: 5783:(Jonah: Yahweh orders Jonah to warn Nineveh to repent or face punishment) 5764: 5658: 5371: 5338: 5136: 5130: 5085: 5029: 4984: 4941: 4936: 4911: 4892: 4858: 4825: 4821: 4786: 4764: 4732: 4728: 4694: 4195: 4000: 3905:

Five Cities of Jordan Plain defeat Mesopotamian kingdoms at Siddim (near

3269:

as having occurred during the dates of 911–870 BCE, in the reign of King

3116: 2860: 2571: 2496: 2472: 2452: 2295: 2126: 2081: 2049:

The Israelites had been oppressed for twenty years by the Canaanite king

1924: 1882: 1341: 1296: 1109: 1061: 988: 867: 751: 9110: 8812: 7069: 6645:

Chazan, Robert; Hallo, William W.; Schiffman, Lawrence H., eds. (1999).

6490: 6410: 4964:

1 Samuel 31 & 1 Chronicles 10: Saul lets his armour-bearer kill him.

4515:

Avenging his wife's murder, Samson attacks and kills 'many' Philistines,

3046:

and proclaimed Jeroboam their king, forming Samaria. Only the tribes of

858:

contains the only known sources of a battle, such as in the case of the

9558: 9440: 9191: 9097:

Reconstructing biblical military campaigns using geomagnetic field data

9010: 6898:. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 176–180. 6635: 6525: 6523: 6210:. Louisville, Kentucky: Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 176–180. 5939: 5907: 5852: 5801: 5721: 5677: 5629: 5625: 5550: 5494: 5395: 5358: 5352: 5280: 5254: 5242: 5198: 5169: 5048: 5017: 4993: 4989: 4946: 4898: 4659: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4483: 4482:

Jephthah's Gileadite army attacks and kills Ephraimites who can't say '

4459: 4414:

kills his 70 brothers, becomes king, Shechemites rebel and defeat him.

4065: 4060: 3836: 3430: 3387: 3231: 3039: 3020: 2897: 2848: 2786: 2778: 2758: 2743: 2680: 2599: 2440: 2299: 2284: 2258: 2238: 2130: 2066: 1976: 1961: 1954: 1920: 1583:. The Book of Joshua contains the most elaborate account. Judges 1 and 1429: 1401: 1389: 1370: 1323: 1315: 1308: 1248: 1201: 1187: 1019: 832: 813: 765: 761: 625: 275: 73: 8986: 8176:"Egypt and the Levant in the Third Intermediate Period (Iron IB–IIIA)" 6663: 6505: 6448: 6446: 6356: 6341: 6280: 6178: 6148: 5780:

Nahum: Yahweh sends unspecified enemies to punish Nineveh for its sins

5534:

Tiglath-Pileser III invades several times, increasing Assyrian power.

3803:). The Bible reports that, on hearing this news, Jews who had fled to 3667:. The deportation occurred prior to Nisan of 597 BC, and dates in the 2821:'s kinsmen, as general, and marched out of Jerusalem into the land of 2306:. Among biblical scholars, the historicity of the early events in the 8413:"Cuneiform tablet with part of the Babylonian Chronicle (605-594 BC)" 6434: 5997: 5652: 5637: 5633: 5427: 5400: 5318: 5314: 5237: 5111: 4582: 4578: 4549: 4543: 4507: 4502: 4465: 4427: 4212: 4128: 4124: 4114: 4110: 4097: 3840: 3693: 3635: 3609: 3572: 3447: 3349: 3341: 3309: 3298: 3180:. All of the soldiers of Judah pleaded to God for help, and then the 2864: 2774: 2700: 2669: 2611: 2448: 2330: 2265: 2262: 2242: 2207: 2199: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2035: 1950: 1890: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1576: 821: 817: 801: 797: 6859:

The Sanctuary of Silence: The Priestly Torah and the Holiness School

6607: 6520: 6333:

Hunter, A. G. (2003). Bekkencamp, Jonneke; Sherwood, Yvonne (eds.).

3332:, briefly mentioned in 1 Kings 16, appears to have taken place from 2832: 2664:, which are dated to the 14th century BCE and refer to Jerusalem as 2233:, which had been intended to disguise atrocities carried out by the 1692:

F. The Campaign in the North and Summary List of Kings (11:1–12:24)

8001:

The sanctuary of Bethel and the configuration of israelite identity

6554: 6443: 6391: 6170: 5984: 5812: 5560: 5261: 4956: 4907: 4477: 4436: 4403: 4371: 4367: 4329: 4325: 4288: 4261: 4232: 4187: 4183: 4152: 4148: 4120: 4101: 4093: 4076: 3973: 3906: 3780: 3675: 3660: 3568: 3415: 3411: 3379: 3286: 3235: 3144: 3131: 3104: 3066: 2989: 2977: 2735: 2479: 2456: 2418: 2187: 2122: 2118: 2019: 2015: 1916: 1912: 1877: 1821: 1817: 1650:

2. Execution of the Five Kings of the Southern Alliance (10:16-27)

1580: 1572: 1448: 1256: 1221: 1181: 1105: 936: 924: 848: 793: 769: 280: 4027:

Moses & Israelites kill all Heshbon soldiers (and civilians?)

3630:

Nebuchadnezzar soon dealt with these rebellions. According to the

1381:

Women of Midian led captive by Israelite soldiers. Watercolour by

1307:). The battle lasted until the evening, ending in victory for the 9328: 9293: 8592:"'Jehoiakim Slept with his Fathers...' (II Kings 24:6) – Did He?" 5685: 5509:, becomes king, sacks city of Tiphsah for not opening its gates. 5502: 5450:

Judahite chariots try to reclaim Edom, but are defeated at Zair,

5233: 5145: 4866: 4849: 4816: 4674: 4385: 4380:

destroys all sanctuaries of 'foreign' gods and goddesses such as

4337: 4165: 4050:

Moses & Israelites kill all Bashan soldiers (and civilians?)

3937: 3848: 3788: 3733: 3274: 3248: 3227: 3210: 3035: 3005: 2747: 2534: 2406: 2257:. Ken Steven Brown (2015) drew comparisons between Judges 21 and 2241:

as an act of revenge or spite by David against the associates of

2138: 2062: 2058: 2043: 1988: 1464: 1460: 1417: 1225: 1116:, brought out bread and wine and blessed Abraham, who gave him a 1084: 992: 944: 873: 844: 492: 292: 78: 6932:

Women in the Pentateuch: A Feminist and Source-critical Analysis

6594: 6592: 6326: 4079:& Israelites in massacring Midianite men, enslaving virgins 2656:

notes that every non-biblical mention of Jerusalem found in the

2648:

The identification of Jebus with Jerusalem has been challenged.

1056:. The Vale of Siddim was the battleground for the cities of the 8443:"Bible Gateway passage: Ezekiel 30 - New International Version" 8400:. British Museum: British Museum Publications, Ltd. p. 99. 6762:

The Book of Genesis: Composition, Reception, and Interpretation

6149:"The Literary and Historical Problem of Joshua 10 and Judges 1" 5833: 5445: 5101: 4915: 4496: 4161: 3969: 3933: 3832: 3737: 3648: 3620: 3403: 3317: 3278: 3243: 3186: 3153: 3062: 2909: 2893: 2889: 2822: 2807: 2803: 2782: 2770: 2762: 2607: 2500: 2460: 2374: 2195: 2179: 2114: 2110: 2084:. Their movements were reported to Sisera, who hastened to the 2074: 2054: 2031: 1984: 1958: 1932: 1851: 1832: 1596: 1472: 1456: 1444: 1353: 1275: 1252: 1093: 836: 825: 809: 487: 270: 1336:

Golden calf § Exclusion of the Levites and mass execution

9492: 9423: 9283: 9162: 7394:

History and Interpretation: Essays in Honour of John H. Hayes

6760:. In Craig A. Evans; Joel N. Lohr; David L. Petersen (eds.). 6672:

The Biblical Ḥērem: A Window on Israel's Religious Experience

6589: 6295: 5978: 5097: 5064: 5025: 4980: 4845: 4805: 4440: 4345: 4341: 3999:

Moses instructs Levites to kill Israelites as punishment for

3941: 3808: 3701: 3652: 3513: 3313: 3294: 3181: 3127:

suggests the battle would have taken place in around 913 BC.

3096: 3043: 2901: 2856: 2814: 2766: 2751: 2692: 2649: 2603: 2542: 2402: 2070: 2050: 2039: 2027: 1980: 1972: 1953:, the Battle of the Waters of Merom was a battle between the 1840: 1468: 1452: 1405: 1300: 1291: 1205: 1121:

instead was food for his 318 men and his Amorite neighbours.

1117: 1101: 1049: 840: 808:. Both provide similar accounts of the purported conquest of 739: 68: 30: 9461: 8546:

No 24 WA21946, The Babylonian Chronicles, The British Museum

3398:. This required passing through territory controlled by the 3099:

to have been fought in Mount Zemaraim, when the army of the

2349:, and he died; for he was an old man, and heavy. And he had 978:

Over half the occurrences of the verb and noun for the root

8923:

Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From?

7838: 7836: 5441: 5093: 4709: 4670: 4381: 4305: 4297: 4117:: Joshua & Israelites swiftly completely conquer Canaan 3812: 3804: 3705: 3697: 3345: 2818: 2704: 2546: 2398: 2134: 2089: 1844: 1440: 1089: 991:

says that King Mesha of Moab fought in the name of his god

9070:

The Hebrew Bible Today: An Introduction to Critical Issues

9020:

War in the Hebrew Bible: A Study in the Ethics of Violence

8839: 8837: 6533:

War in the Hebrew Bible: A Study in the Ethics of Violence

6305:

War in the Hebrew Bible: A study in the Ethics of Violence

3551:

This battle was fought about 605 BC between the armies of

1428:

and Dennis T. Olson name this chapter the War against the

1016:

from its source in the surrounding Near Eastern nations."

8987:"Historical Narrative and the Fictionalizing Imagination" 8535:

The Illustrated Dictionary & Concordance of the Bible

6790:"The Bible and Archaeology: The Red Sea or the Reed Sea?" 6337:. Continuum Internatio Publishing Group. pp. 92–108. 4906:

1 Samuel 18: David kills 200 Philistines and takes their

3638:, which eventually fell in 597 BC. The Chronicle states: 3594:. Babylonia reached its economic peak after 605 BC. 3027:(1 Kings 11:29-39) that God wanted Jeroboam to rule over 2742:

occurred between the rebel forces of the formerly exiled

2046:. It supposedly happened 160 years after Joshua's death. 831:

In cases such as the War against the Midianites found in

743: 8874: 7833: 7014: 6935:. Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press. pp. 158–166. 6350:

Jewish Choices, Jewish Voices: War and National Security

3054:

remained loyal to Rehoboam in the new kingdom of Judah.

2855::11, Ba'al-Perazim was the scene of a victory gained by 2761:, had been newly returned from three years in exile in 2668:. He states that "There is no evidence of Jebus and the 8834: 6649:. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. pp. 396–397. 4593:'s gang-rape, other Israelite tribes attack Benjamites 3095:

The great Battle of Mount Zemaraim was reported in the

2813:

Absalom initiated the attack with his forces. He chose

1357: 1186:, lit. "parting of the sea of reeds") is an episode in 788:

In modern times, biblical scholars have questioned the

7002: 6924: 6922: 3944:& Israelites cross, then drowns chasing Egyptians 2863:. It may be the same as a Mount Perazim referenced in 1455:. They killed the men, including their five kings and 955:, placing city after city "under the ban". The Hebrew 948:

Exodus, Deuteronomy, Joshua, and both books of Kings.

9067:. In Steven L. McKenzie; Matt Patrick Graham (eds.). 8205:"Egyptian interventions in the Levant in Iron Age II" 7876:

Kingdom of Priests: A History of Old Testament Israel

7345: 7343: 7341: 7339: 7194:

Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia

7026: 6862:. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns. pp. 96–98. 5832:

Egyptians & Assyrians defeat Judahites (and kill

5110:'s death in battle, so that he can take Uriah's wife 4194:

Yahweh assists Joshua & Israelites in destroying

3390:(northern Syria) to join with his allies, the fading 2435:

The biblical Battle of Michmash (alternate spelling,

1645:

e. Affirmation of God's Unique Involvement (10:12-15)

1243:

The Battle of Refidim (or Rephidim), as described in

746:

in the Hebrew Bible are part of the broader topic of

8734: 8498:

An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophetic Books

7038: 6735:. Septuagint Commentary Series. BRILL. p. 293. 6644: 6514:ḥāram in Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament 4480:

about not inviting them to help fight the Ammonites.

2970: 2955: 1784:

execution of kings/destruction of cities (11:10–15)

1781:

execution of kings/destruction of cities (10:16–39)

1178: 8966:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). 8901:. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). 7530:"Famed Biblical Pool Flows Again After 2,500 Years" 7419:

Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible on 1 Samuel 4

7050: 6919: 4967:

2 Samuel 1: Saul lets a passing Amalekite kill him.

4557:

600 Danites sack the poorly defended city of Laish.

4273:'s Moabites, Ammonites, Amalekites conquer Israel. 4131:): Israelite tribes slowly partially conquer Canaan 3968:Yahweh assists Moses & Israelites in defeating 3555:allied with the remnants of the army of the former 2594:The Siege of Jebus is described in passages of the 2159:, also known as the Benjamite War, is presented in 8491: 7397:. Sheffield, England: JSOT Press. pp. 91–92. 7336: 5568:Assyria and Judah defeat Aram-Damascus and Israel 5144:David's army defeats and kills his rebellious son 1687:4. Summary of the Campaign in the South (10:40-43) 760:), descriptions and considerations of what in the 5480:, causes Philistine/Arab raiders to invade Judah 3771:was destroyed. Most of the elite were taken into 3764:), where he remained a prisoner until his death. 3696:in January 589 BC. Many Jews fled to surrounding 3540: 2833:Battles of Baal-perazim and the Valley of Rephaim 1656:b. The Kings Brought Out from the Cave (10:22-25) 9778: 8944:Joshua: Evangelical Biblical Theology Commentary 8537:Pub. by Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. (2006) 8178:. In Keimer, Kyle H.; Pierce, George A. (eds.). 6975:(1). The Society of Biblical Literature: 65–84. 6956: 6883: 6849: 6253:(1). The Society of Biblical Literature: 65–84. 5260:Egyptian pharaoh Shishak sacks Jerusalem during 3034:, and lived under the protection of the pharaoh 2723: 1938: 1724:c. Narrative Pivot: Taking and Allotting (11:23) 1710:e. Summation of Obedience and Victory (11:12–15) 1695:1. Victory over the Northern Alliance (11:1-15) 1630:1. Victory over the Southern Alliance (10:1-15) 9101:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 8207:. In Dever, William G.; Gitin, Seymour (eds.). 7929:Hours with the Bible: From Rehoboam to Hezekiah 7558:"Archaeologists Uncover Ancient Pool Of Gibeon" 3862: 3783:was made governor of the remnant of Judah, the 3681: 3597: 3348:, commander of an Israelite army encamped near 2992:in the late 10th century BCE, according to the 959:ḥāram (חֲרֵ֤ם) connotes complete annihilation ( 8777:Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 8686:Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 7361: 7172: 7170: 6728: 6536:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 3367: 3285:under the command of King Asa and that of the 3273:. It was fought at the Valley of Zephath near 3204: 2011:The Battle of Mount Tabor is described in the 1854:fought by the Israelites in the course of the 1715:2. Summaries of Taking the Land (11:16-12:24) 1481: 1029:so that they could be redeemed by the Priests. 9477: 9126: 6755: 6749: 6416: 6308:. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 6142: 6140: 4246:that is repeated throughout the Hebrew Bible. 3467: 2892:, active in Jerusalem about a century before 2790:entire Israelite royal house, as well as his 2699:went to Jerusalem, that is, Jebus, where the 2057:, who commanded a force of nine hundred iron 1363: 704: 8398:Chronicles of Chaldaean Kings (626-556 B.C.) 8328: 7898: 7812: 7591: 7589: 7587: 7585: 6459:The Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion 6419:The Rise and Decline of the Christian Empire 3815:, and in other countries returned to Judah ( 3623:which owed allegiance to Babylon, including 3608:To avoid the destruction of Jerusalem, King 3487: 3454:There is a longer account recorded later in 2940: 2325:records that the Philistines were camped at 1224:, which is traditionally presumed to be the 1024: 1018:The early usage of herem indicates that the 1011: 1004: 964: 8792: 8790: 8025:"1 kings 12:17-12:22 NIV - - Bible Gateway" 7538:. Reading Eagle Company. September 29, 1957 7167: 6598: 5872:Babylonians defeat Egyptians and Assyrians 3674:Nebuchadnezzar installed Jeconiah's uncle, 3655:. Nebuchadnezzar pillaged the city and its 3265:The Old Testament describes this battle in 3084: 1664:3. Victory over Southern Cities (10:28-39) 1564:Judges 1 § Composition and historicity 951:God commands the Israelites to conquer the 9557: 9484: 9470: 9133: 9119: 9062: 8755:The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings 8724:. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 729. 8410: 8273: 8169: 8167: 7968: 7956: 7951:, vol. 11 (2nd ed.), p. 142 7942: 7940: 7842: 7369:Journal for the Academic Study of Religion 6516:. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. p. 197. 6347: 6137: 6107:Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 4961:Philistines invade and defeat Israelites. 2870: 2237:against Benjamin, probably in the time of 2229:concluded that the account was a piece of 711: 697: 9140: 8612: 8586: 7816:Royal Apologetic in the Ancient Near East 7806: 7582: 7294: 7292: 6965:"Vengeance and Vindication in Numbers 31" 6421:. Medici School Publications, Australia. 6243:"Vengeance and Vindication in Numbers 31" 4669:With the Ark's return, Israelites reject 3476:of the Hebrew Bible contain the books of 3134:increased the royal taxes throughout the 2757:Absalom, the third son of King David of 2388: 1866:and their claims to the territory of the 1721:b. Extermination of the Anakim (11:21-22) 1356:after destroying the entire army of king 1259:while the former were moving towards the 9027:Niditch, Susan (2007). "10. Judges". In 8787: 8739:. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 95. 8735:Hayes, John H.; Hooker, Paul K. (2007). 8716: 8664:The Oxford History of the Biblical World 8338:Sacred Witness. Rape in the Hebrew Bible 8289:. Oxford University Press. p. 261. 8286:The Oxford History of the Biblical World 7946: 7510:. Guard Publishing Co. September 9, 1956 7192:Frymer-Kensky, Tikva. "Deborah: Bible", 7152: 6928: 6362: 5067:conquers Canaanite city Jebus, makes it 2000: 1653:a. The Kings Held in the Cave (10:16-21) 1376: 1270:, following the Israelites' escape from 1141: 906: 9574:Allegorical interpretation of the Bible 9026: 9017: 8843: 8796: 8395: 8202: 8164: 7937: 7196:. 20 March 2009. Jewish Women's Archive 7102: 6787: 6560: 6529: 6511: 6301: 6236: 6234: 6197: 6195: 6099: 3500:Rape in the Hebrew Bible § Nahum 3 3226:, there was an Egyptian pharaoh called 2773:, asked King David permission to leave 2750:against the royal forces of his father 2198:and are assailed by a mob, who wish to 2022:as taking place during the time of the 1727:d. Capture of Land and Kings (12:1-24) 1627:E. The Campaign in the South (10:1–43) 1329: 1128: 9779: 8961: 8749: 8334: 8279: 8173: 7925: 7919: 7595: 7390: 7301:Gibeah: The Search for a Biblical City 7289: 7284:The Military History of Ancient Israel 7276: 7032: 6613: 6467:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.154 6452: 6332: 6286: 6146: 6093: 5291:Judahites repel an Israelite invasion 3508:The Book of Nahum is dedicated to the 3130:The friction began when the late king 2920:were probably originally independent. 2792:elite Cherethite/Pelethite Royal guard 2525:is mentioned a number of times in the 878:Babylonian "Fall of Nineveh" chronicle 9465: 9114: 8940: 8919: 8896: 8767: 8675: 8635: 8476:Jeremiah: An Archaeological Companion 8182:. Taylor & Francis. p. 662. 7998: 7164:, Westminster John Knox Press, p. 15. 7056: 7044: 7020: 7008: 6962: 6889: 6855: 6669: 6397: 6240: 6201: 2679:The capture of Jebus is mentioned in 2590:Judges 1 § Conquest of Jerusalem 2424: 2283:During this battle, described in the 1850:The Battle is described as the first 1813:Judges 1 § Conquest of Jerusalem 1776:victory employing surprise (11:7–9) 1773:victory employing surprise (10:9–11) 1553: 1546:(2 Esdras) (sometimes jointly called 1347: 995:and that he subjected his enemies to 914:The Bible and violence § Warfare and 8984: 8880: 8555: 8362: 8341:. Fortress Press. pp. 233–234. 7947:Oded, Bustanay; Sperling, S. David, 7634:, published by Mohr, Tubingen, 1906. 7430: 7240: 7234: 6806:from the original on 15 August 2017. 6231: 6192: 3254: 2942:יִפְשְׁעוּ יִשְׂרָאֵל בְּבֵית דָּוִד 2923: 2765:for the murder of his half-brother, 2099: 1800: 1232: 8646:Andrews University Seminary Studies 8569:Andrews University Seminary Studies 8370:Andrews University Seminary Studies 8003:. Berlin: De Gruyter. p. 205. 3143:with the former fugitive and exile 2941: 2939: 2631: 2623: 2409:, until it split into the northern 2395:Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy) 2360: 1995: 1885:of the unidentified place "Bezek" ( 1624:D. The Gibeonite Deception (9:1–27) 1530:(split in two in Christian Bibles: 1518:(split in two in Christian Bibles: 1506:(split in two in Christian Bibles: 1168: 1033: 13: 9088: 8522:The Divided Monarchy c. 931–586 BC 8211:. Eisenbrauns. pp. 113–132 . 7241:Gunn, David M. (18 January 2016). 7105:Canaan in the 2nd millennium B.C.E 6603:. Berlin: de Gruyter. p. 194. 6499:The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew 6496: 6291:. Winona Lake, Indiana: BMH Books. 4712:relieve it. Saul is crowned king. 4304:, Israelites defeat and vassalise 3575:. This battle is mentioned in the 2272: 2053:, and by the captain of his army, 1707:d. Destruction of Hazor (11:10–11) 1621:C. Renewal at Mount Ebal (8:30–35) 752:motives and justifications for war 14: 9798: 9629:Internal consistency of the Bible 9240:Gideon's campaign (Well of Harod) 7813:Andrew Knapp (19 November 2015). 3323: 2577: 2510: 1893:was supposedly taken and sacked ( 1698:a. The Northern Alliance (11:1-5) 1636:b. The Gibeonite Request (10:6-7) 1633:a. The Southern Alliance (10:1-5) 1560:Book of Joshua § Historicity 1303:, held up his hands for support ( 9439: 9250:Benjamite War / Battle of Gibeah 8968:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible 8903:Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible 8849: 8823: 8761: 8743: 8728: 8710: 8697: 8669: 8657: 8629: 8580: 8549: 8540: 8527: 8515: 8485: 8468: 8459: 8435: 8404: 8389: 8356: 8319: 8303: 8258: 8247: 8236: 8225: 8196: 8153: 8142: 8131: 8120: 8109: 8098: 8087: 8072: 8057: 8046: 7602:. Scarecrow Press. p. 161. 7502:"U.S. Archeologists find Gibeon" 5967:besieges and destroys Jerusalem 5923:besieges and conquers Jerusalem 5366:War of succession after usurper 4869:the Gittite in the Battle of Gob 4852:of Gath in single combat in the 4638:', Yahweh allows the Philistines 3819:). Gedaliah was assassinated by 3692:Nebuchadnezzar began a siege of 3458::20–25 (written c. 350–300 BC). 3433::29–30 (written c. 550 BC). The 2144: 2106:Gideon § Biblical narrative 2038:, and the Israelite army led by 2007:Battle of Mount Tabor (biblical) 1733:ii. West of the Jordan (12:7-24) 1659:c. The Kings Executed (10:26-27) 1603:This section is an excerpt from 1369:This section is an excerpt from 1220:and God parts the waters of the 1134:This section is an excerpt from 912:This section is an excerpt from 899:that is referenced in the Greek 680: 37: 9396:Judah's revolts against Babylon 9374:Sennacherib's campaign in Judah 9073:. Westminster John Knox Press. 8890: 8768:Young, Rodger C. (March 2004). 8757:. Kregel Academic. p. 192. 8676:Young, Rodger C. (March 2004). 8478:, Westminster/John Knox Press, 8031: 8017: 7992: 7980: 7899:Troy Leiland, Sagrillo (2015), 7892: 7881: 7868: 7857: 7848: 7794: 7776: 7762: 7751: 7740: 7725: 7707: 7696: 7685: 7674: 7663: 7652: 7637: 7623: 7485: 7476: 7467: 7458: 7449: 7424: 7411: 7384: 7355: 7325: 7314: 7223: 7212: 7201: 7185: 7141: 7130: 7121: 7096: 7087: 7062: 6821: 6810: 6781: 6722: 6711: 6700: 6689: 6678: 6455:"Violence in the Old Testament" 6154:Journal of Near Eastern Studies 6100:Younger, K. Lawson Jr. (1995). 6062: 5884:Judah's revolts against Babylon 4642:capture the Ark of the Covenant 4164:& Israelites in destroying 3866: 3148:both attempted to settle them. 2545:fought twelve men commanded by 2417:(Jerusalem) during the rule of 2061:. At this time, the prophetess 1900: 676:Outline of Bible-related topics 8899:"Conquest: Biblical narrative" 8174:Pierce, Krystal V. L. (2022). 7127:Battles of the Bible, page 30. 6969:Journal of Biblical Literature 6788:Seiglie, Mario (3 June 1997). 6348:Ruttenberg, Danya (Feb 1987). 6247:Journal of Biblical Literature 5465:Philistine–Arab raid on Judah 5182:David defeats the Philistines 4640:to defeat the Israelites, and 3541:Battle of Carchemish (605 BCE) 3422:, after which Assyria largely 2641:under its initial name as the 1730:i. East of the Jordan (12:1-6) 1642:d. Victory at Gibeon (10:9-11) 1200:It tells of the escape of the 734:, also known as the Tanakh or 385:Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia 1: 9491: 9314:Battle of the Wood of Ephraim 9230:Battle of the Waters of Merom 7999:Gomes, Jules Francis (2006). 6563:Currents in Biblical Research 6086: 5422:Edomite and Libnahite revolts 5408:Ahab & Israelites defeat 5379: 5126:Battle of the Wood of Ephraim 4744:Israelites led by Saul's son 4208:Battle of the Waters of Merom 3831:). In Egypt, they settled in 3671:are counted from that event. 3333: 3230:(possibly the same person as 2754:during a short-lived revolt. 2730:Battle of the Wood of Ephraim 2724:Battle of the Wood of Ephraim 2606:, besieged and conquered the 1945:Battle of the Waters of Merom 1939:Battle of the Waters of Merom 1718:a. Taking the Land (11:16-20) 730:narrated or discussed in the 512:Historical-grammatical method 9245:Micah's Idol / Sack of Laish 8600:Journal of Hebrew Scriptures 8465:The Bible, Jeremiah 46:3–12. 8373:(5/1967): 20. Archived from 7599:The A to Z of Ancient Israel 7431:Park, Abraham (2011-07-05). 7107:. Eisenbrauns. p. 378. 6077:Names of God in Christianity 5829:Talmud Lev. 26:6 Taanis 22b 4863:Elhanan, son of Jaare-oregim 4677:worship, reconnect to Yahweh 4269:Yahweh punishes Israelites: 3863:List of Hebrew Bible battles 3682:Siege of Jerusalem (587 BCE) 3598:Siege of Jerusalem (597 BCE) 3281:, between the armies of the 3107:encountered the army of the 2972:Yīp̄š'ū Yīsrāʾēl Bəḇēṯ Dāwīḏ 2598:as having occurred when the 2373:(1084 B.C.) was a battle in 1792:conquest summary (11:16–23) 1789:conquest summary (10:40–43) 1704:c. Victory at Merom (11:7-9) 1701:b. Divine Reassurance (11:6) 1639:c. Divine Reassurance (10:8) 1490:of the Hebrew Bible include 961:New Revised Standard Version 7: 9584:The Bible and homosexuality 9406:Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC) 9401:Siege of Jerusalem (597 BC) 9384:Assyrian siege of Jerusalem 9329:Shishak's raid of Jerusalem 9038:The Oxford Bible Commentary 8314:New American Standard Bible 8180:The Ancient Israelite World 7926:Geikie, Cunningham (1887), 7721:. Elon Gilad. Nov 12, 2013. 7596:Lemche, Nies Peter (2010). 6989:10.15699/jbl.1341.2015.2561 6981:10.15699/jbl.1341.2015.2561 6599:C.L. Crouch, C. L. (2009). 6461:. Oxford University Press. 6453:Creach, Jerome (Jul 2016). 6400:Catholic Biblical Quarterly 6267:10.15699/jbl.1341.2015.2561 6259:10.15699/jbl.1341.2015.2561 6163:University of Chicago Press 6050:List of Hebrew Bible events 6018: 5935:Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC) 5903:Siege of Jerusalem (597 BC) 5771:"Fall of Nineveh" chronicle 5717:Assyrian siege of Jerusalem 5601:Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) 5440:The Judahite vassal states 5332:, killing 1 million troops 4285:Battle of the Jordan fords 4258:Moabite conquest of Israel 4170:(16th or 13th century BCE) 3688:Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC) 3604:Siege of Jerusalem (597 BC) 3531:Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) 3429:The basic story is told in 3368:Battle of Megiddo (609 BCE) 3205:Shishak's sack of Jerusalem 2971: 2957:Yīfš'ū Yīsraʾēl B'vēt Davīd 2956: 2411:Kingdom of Israel (Samaria) 2249:and massacring the city of 2069:. She summoned the general 2026:between the forces of King 1760:northern alliance (11:1–5) 1757:southern alliance (10:1–5) 1482:War in the historical books 1408:), the central part of the 1247:, was a battle between the 1179: 1163:or Parting of the Red Sea ( 1148:The Crossing of the Red Sea 1072:, the vale of Siddim was a 1025: 1012: 1005: 965: 860:Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC) 783: 10: 9803: 9391:Battle of Megiddo (609 BC) 9192:War against the Midianites 9022:. Oxford University Press. 8920:Dever, William G. (2006). 8800:Israel Exploration Journal 8770:"When Did Jerusalem Fall?" 8678:"When Did Jerusalem Fall?" 8636:Green, Alberto R. (1982). 8363:Horn, Siegfried H (1967). 7819:. SBL Press. p. 162. 6377:10.1177/002096430405800405 6287:Clouse, Robert G. (1986). 6147:Wright, G. Ernest (1946). 6124:10.1177/030908929502006805 5797:Battle of Megiddo (609 BC) 5751:Battle of Nineveh (612 BC) 4783:Saul's Amalekite campaign 4344:lead Israelites to defeat 4061:War against the Midianites 3685: 3601: 3544: 3504:Battle of Nineveh (612 BC) 3497: 3491: 3468:War in the prophetic books 3374:Battle of Megiddo (609 BC) 3371: 3361: 3258: 3208: 3088: 2927: 2836: 2727: 2587: 2581: 2564:University of Pennsylvania 2541:, twelve men commanded by 2514: 2428: 2276: 2148: 2103: 2080:The Israelites marched to 2004: 1942: 1904: 1810: 1804: 1768:divine reassurance (11:6) 1765:divine reassurance (10:8) 1618:B. Achan and Ai (7:1–8:29) 1602: 1557: 1463:were then divided between 1368: 1364:War against the Midianites 1333: 1236: 1133: 1037: 943:which is sometimes called 927:, and verses that support 911: 897:Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE) 507:Allegorical interpretation 9753: 9722: 9714:Witchcraft and divination 9654: 9566: 9555: 9516: 9499: 9448: 9437: 9416: 9344: 9268: 9200: 9161: 9148: 9063:Van Seters, John (1998). 8897:Coote, Robert B. (2000). 8203:Kitchen, Kenneth (2003). 7932:, New York: John B. Alden 7421:, accessed 22 April 2017. 7253:10.1002/9781118710746.ch1 6890:Olson, Dennis T. (2012). 6670:Stern, Philip D. (1991). 6289:War: Four Christian Views 6202:Olson, Dennis T. (2012). 6035:Christianity and violence 4360:Gideon's campaign against 3912:Early 2nd millennium BCE 3488:Fall of Nineveh (612 BCE) 3426:as an independent state. 3362:καὶ Ἰωρὰμ ὁ ἀδελφὸς αὐτοῦ 2998:Second Book of Chronicles 2982:United Monarchy of Israel 2904:, active in the northern 1400:, the fourth book of the 931:; 4th century theologian 864:Fall of Nineveh (612 BCE) 9539:Historicity of the Bible 9334:Battle of Mount Zemaraim 8962:Jacobs, Paul F. (2000). 8941:Firth, David G. (2021). 8335:Scholz, Susanne (2021). 7715:"Espionage and the Jews" 7568:Times Publishing Company 7161:Joshua, Judges, and Ruth 7158:Pressler, Carolyn 2002. 6929:Shectman, Sarah (2009). 6629:10.1163/156853307X215509 6575:10.1177/1476993X15600588 6055: 6045:Historicity of the Bible 5916:Nebuchadnezzar Chronicle 5863:Nebuchadnezzar Chronicle 5486:Probably not historical 5417:Mix of fact and fiction 5276:Battle of Mount Zemaraim 5213:splits into kingdoms of 5153:Probably not historical 5120:Probably not historical 5077:Probably not historical 5038:Probably not historical 5007:Probably not historical 4975:Probably not historical 4926:Probably not historical 4884:Probably not historical 4800:Probably not historical 4778:Probably not historical 4759:Saul's campaigns against 4754:Probably not historical 4718:Probably not historical 4684:Probably not historical 4649:Probably not historical 4598:Probably not historical 4491:Probably not historical 4456:Gileadite–Ephraimite war 4451:Probably not historical 4445:sacrificing his daughter 4419:Probably not historical 4393:Probably not historical 4354:Probably not historical 4253:Probably not historical 4244:to Yahweh is established 4224:Probably not historical 4202:Probably not historical 4173:Probably not historical 4138:Probably not historical 4082:(late 13th century BCE) 4055:Probably not historical 4032:Probably not historical 4007:Probably not historical 3981:Probably not historical 3915:Probably not historical 3821:Ishmael son of Nethaniah 3632:Nebuchadnezzar Chronicle 3091:Battle of Mount Zemaraim 3085:Battle of Mount Zemaraim 3059:Battle of Mount Zemaraim 3010:Battle of Mount Zemaraim 2798:and came to the bank of 2639:United Kingdom of Israel 2635: 'threshing-floor' 1979:under the leadership of 1060:plain revolting against 790:historicity of the Bible 778:Rape in the Hebrew Bible 397:Novum Testamentum Graece 199:Composition of the Torah 9544:Chronology of the Bible 9018:Niditch, Susan (1993). 8985:Long, Burke O. (1985). 8638:"The fate of Jehoiakim" 8396:Wiseman, D. J. (1956). 7362:Michael Carden (1999). 7298:Arnold SJ, Patrick M., 7103:Naʼaman, Nadav (2005). 6729:Susan Brayford (2007). 6530:Niditch, Susan (1993). 6501:. Vol. III and IV. 6302:Niditch, Susan (1993). 6073:Names of God in Judaism 5991:Antiquities of the Jews 5961:Archeological findings 5867:Antiquities of the Jews 5819:Antiquities of the Jews 5701:Antiquities of the Jews 5339:Probably not historical 5207:Archeological findings 4739:Antiquities of the Jews 4565:Probably not historical 4424:Israelite–Ammonite war 4351:(mid 12th century BCE) 4314:Probably not historical 4279:Probably not historical 3579:chapter 30, and in the 2984:, and subsequently the 2871:Israel and Judah period 2687:with similar wordings: 2377:that occurred when the 2113:'s battles against the 1161:Crossing of the Red Sea 774:wartime sexual violence 724:War in the Hebrew Bible 9624:Criticism of the Bible 9619:Muhammad and the Bible 9589:The Bible and violence 9299:Battle of Mount Gilboa 8614:10.5508/jhs.2002.v4.a1 8474:King, Philip J., 1993 7304:, A&C Black, 1990 7244:Judges 1–3: Beginnings 6856:Knohl, Israel (2007). 6756:Ronald Hendel (2012). 6417:Ian Guthridge (1999). 6030:The Bible and violence 5619:Sennacherib's campaign 5593:besieges and conquers 5523:conquest of the Levant 4932:Battle of Mount Gilboa 4690:Siege of Jabesh-Gilead 3876:Extrabiblical sources 3645: 3559:against the armies of 3521:representative of the 3465: 3452: 3414:, and the writings of 3394:, against the surging 3173: 2896:, makes no mention of 2721: 2560: 2389:United monarchy period 2353:Israel forty years". ( 2329:and the Israelites at 2302:army and captured the 1615:A. Jericho (5:13–6:27) 1386: 1212:, as recounted in the 1156: 890:Deuterocanonical books 748:The Bible and violence 660:Criticism of the Bible 403:Documentary hypothesis 9634:Biblical hermeneutics 9594:The Bible and slavery 9364:Israelite–Aramean War 9235:Battle of Mount Tabor 9142:The Bible and warfare 8997:(4). Brill: 405–416. 8718:Thompson, John Arthur 8281:Coogan, Michael David 8254:2 Chronicles 14:13–15 8243:2 Chronicles 14:12–13 7949:Encyclopaedia Judaica 7507:Eugene Register-Guard 7435:. Tuttle Publishing. 6764:. BRILL. p. 64. 5825:Histories (Herodotus) 5735:Histories (Herodotus) 5587:Babylonian Chronicle 5521:Tiglath-Pileser III's 5448:revolt against Judah. 5391:Israelite–Aramean War 4321:Battle of Mount Tabor 3640: 3498:Further information: 3460: 3444: 3396:Neo-Babylonian Empire 3293:under the command of 3165: 3008:and lasted until the 2689: 2551: 2539:Second Book of Samuel 2439:) was fought between 2001:Battle of Mount Tabor 1673:c. Lachish (10:31-33) 1558:Further information: 1380: 1334:Further information: 1145: 1068:, during the days of 983:agree this means the 907:War in the Pentateuch 413:NT textual categories 9787:Hebrew Bible battles 9672:Crime and punishment 9604:Alcohol in the Bible 9579:The Bible and ethics 9177:Crossing the Red Sea 8722:The Book of Jeremiah 7905:, Swan, p. 61, 7632:Saul, David, Salomon 7570:. September 22, 1957 7563:St. Petersburg Times 7282:Richard A. Gabriel, 7247:. pp. 243–275. 6800:United Church of God 6758:"Historical Context" 6040:Judaism and violence 6007:5th–4th century BCE 6002:First Persian Empire 6000:' help, Jews in the 5973:Probably historical 5848:Battle of Carchemish 5842:Probably historical 5731:Sennacherib's Annals 5692:Sennacherib's Annals 5647:Sennacherib's Annals 4748:defeat Philistines. 4399:Shechemite rebellion 4071:Samaritan Pentateuch 4046:Samaritan Pentateuch 4023:Samaritan Pentateuch 4012:Conquest of Heshbon 3995:Samaritan Pentateuch 3987:Golden calf massacre 3964:Samaritan Pentateuch 3929:Samaritan Pentateuch 3921:Crossing the Red Sea 3901:Samaritan Pentateuch 3773:captivity in Babylon 3547:Battle of Carchemish 3267:2 Chronicles 14:9–15 2738:, the Battle of the 2381:was captured in the 2285:First Book of Samuel 1679:e. Hebron (10:36-37) 1670:b. Libnah (10:29-30) 1605:Joshua 10 § Analysis 1469:Levitical priesthood 1435:Set in the southern 1416:), a sacred text in 1330:Golden calf massacre 1255:, which occurred in 1208:, from the pursuing 1136:Crossing the Red Sea 1129:Crossing the Red Sea 872:of the Greek writer 764:would be considered 360:Internal consistency 266:Samaritan Pentateuch 9609:Ethics in the Bible 9599:The Bible and humor 9369:Syro-Ephraimite War 8883:, pp. 415–416. 8267:Jewish Encyclopedia 8083:2 Chronicles 11:2–4 7874:Eugene H. Merrill, 7770:"Forest of Ephraim" 7350:Jewish Encyclopedia 7181:, New York, 5, 1970 7023:, pp. 215–216. 6963:Brown, Ken (2015). 6497:Clines, David J.A. 6241:Brown, Ken (2015). 6004:kill their enemies 5661:reasserts control. 5546:Syro-Ephraimite War 5527:2 Kings 15:19–20,29 5454:narrowly escaping. 4708:, but Yahweh helps 4499:versus Philistines 4296:Yahweh helps judge 4090:Conquest of Canaan 4037:Conquest of Bashan 4017:Deuteronomy 2:24–34 3978:(13th century BCE) 3947:(13th century BCE) 3925:Exodus 13:17–15:21 3851:in the vicinity of 3847:(called Noph), and 3791:guard stationed at 3665:deported to Babylon 3659:, and the new king 3634:, he laid siege to 3523:Neo-Assyrian Empire 3402:. The Judaean king 3392:Neo-Assyrian Empire 3295:Zerah the Ethiopian 2994:First Book of Kings 2934:Jeroboam's Revolt ( 2717:1 Chronicles 11:4–5 2379:Ark of the Covenant 2343:Hophni and Phinehas 2316:Biblical maximalism 2312:Biblical minimalism 2304:Ark of the Covenant 2190:travel through the 2155:The episode of the 1957:and a coalition of 1923:attempt to conquer 1829:Ark of the Covenant 1682:f. Debir (10:38-39) 1676:d. Eglon (10:34-35) 1667:a. Makkedah (10:28) 1424:. Scholars such as 935:found the basis of 794:chapter 1 of Judges 728:military engagement 194:New Testament canon 189:Old Testament canon 117:Chapters and verses 9614:Women in the Bible 9549:Biblical authority 9524:Biblical criticism 9279:Battle of Michmash 9163:Torah / Pentateuch 9107:(44): e2209117119. 8557:Horn, Siegfried H. 8533:Geoffrey Wigoder, 8493:C. Hassell Bullock 8232:2 Chronicles 14:10 8160:2 Chronicles 13:20 8138:2 Chronicles 13:19 8127:2 Chronicles 13:17 8116:2 Chronicles 13:14 8105:2 Chronicles 13:13 7975:2 Chronicles 13:19 7963:2 Chronicles 13:20 7864:2 Chronicles 12:15 7491:1 Samuel 14:14-16. 7179:New American Bible 5657:New Assyrian king 5605:Assyrian captivity 5349:(Siege of Tirzah) 5092:Israelites led by 4724:Battle of Michmash 4591:Levite's concubine 4229:Post-Joshua raids 4042:Deuteronomy 3:1–7 3746:2 Chronicles 36:12 3563:, allied with the 3535:Assyrian captivity 2654:Niels Peter Lemche 2568:James B. Pritchard 2431:Battle of Michmash 2425:Battle of Michmash 2223:Sodom and Gomorrah 2157:Levite's concubine 2151:Levite's concubine 1975:, setting out for 1856:conquest of Canaan 1554:Conquest of Canaan 1387: 1348:Conquest of Bashan 1316:children of Israel 1216:. Moses holds out 1192:foundational story 1157: 1078:Sodom and Gomorrah 939:in the Bible, and 665:Biblical authority 546:Capital punishment 422:Biblical criticism 391:Rahlfs' Septuagint 95:New Testament (NT) 90:Old Testament (OT) 9774: 9773: 9459: 9458: 9435: 9434: 9359:Battle of Zephath 9324:Jeroboam's Revolt 9215:Battle of Jericho 9182:Battle of Refidim 8991:Vetus Testamentum 8830:Jeremiah 40:11–12 8417:britishmuseum.org 8218:978-1-57506-081-1 8189:978-1-000-77324-8 8094:2 Chronicles 13:3 8068:2 Chronicles 11:1 8053:2 Chronicles 15:9 7987:2 Chronicles 13:2 7826:978-0-88414-075-7 7732:2 Samuel 15:27–29 7703:2 Samuel 15:14–15 7442:978-1-4629-0208-8 7011:, pp. 27–29. 6771:978-90-04-22653-1 6742:978-90-04-15552-7 6656:978-1-57506-030-9 6617:Vetus Testamentum 6547:978-0-19-507638-7 6428:978-0-9588645-4-1 6319:978-0-19-507638-7 6016: 6015: 5965:Nebuchadnezzar II 5921:Nebuchadnezzar II 5579:Siege of Samaria 5574:Maybe historical 5515:Maybe historical 5460:Maybe historical 5385:Maybe historical 5330:Zerah the Cushite 5303:Battle of Zephath 5297:Maybe historical 5270:Maybe historical 5219:Judah (Jerusalem) 5194:Jeroboam's Revolt 5188:Maybe historical 5165:Valley of Rephaim 4972:11th century BCE 4923:11th century BCE 4881:11th century BCE 4842:1 Samuel 17:48–50 4797:11th century BCE 4775:11th century BCE 4751:11th century BCE 4715:11th century BCE 4664:(1 Samuel 7:1–4) 4144:Battle of Jericho 3956:Battle of Refidim 3873:Biblical sources 3870:Name of conflict 3817:Jeremiah 40:11–12 3592:Ancient Near East 3588:Nebuchadnezzar II 3537:in the 730s BCE. 3527:Assyrian conquest 3291:ancient Egyptians 3261:Battle of Zephath 3255:Battle of Zephath 3141:Kingdom of Israel 3136:Kingdom of Israel 3101:Kingdom of Israel 3029:ten of the twelve 2967: 2952: 2930:Jeroboam's Revolt 2924:Jeroboam's Revolt 2918:Blessing of Moses 2906:kingdom of Israel 2878:Kingdom of Israel 2843:Valley of Rephaim 2658:ancient Near East 2652:biblical scholar 2459:, a town east of 2413:and the southern 2227:Biblical scholars 2100:Gideon's campaign 1913:Joshua chapters 7 1868:Kingdom of Israel 1858:. Excavations at 1807:Battle of Jericho 1801:Battle of Jericho 1796: 1795: 1284:Deuteronomy 25:19 1239:Battle of Refidim 1233:Battle of Refidim 1177: 804:in the preceding 757:Milkhemet Mitzvah 721: 720: 536:Conspiracy theory 465: 464: 204:Mosaic authorship 9794: 9639:African American 9561: 9529:Biblical studies 9486: 9479: 9472: 9463: 9462: 9443: 9379:Siege of Lachish 9260:Battle of Mizpah 9172:Battle of Siddim 9159: 9158: 9135: 9128: 9121: 9112: 9111: 9084: 9065:"The Pentateuch" 9059: 9057: 9055: 9023: 9014: 8981: 8958: 8937: 8916: 8884: 8878: 8872: 8871: 8869: 8867: 8853: 8847: 8841: 8832: 8827: 8821: 8820: 8794: 8785: 8784: 8774: 8765: 8759: 8758: 8751:Thiele, Edwin R. 8747: 8741: 8740: 8732: 8726: 8725: 8714: 8708: 8703:Britannica.com, 8701: 8695: 8694: 8682: 8673: 8667: 8661: 8655: 8654: 8642: 8633: 8627: 8626: 8616: 8596: 8584: 8578: 8577: 8565: 8553: 8547: 8544: 8538: 8531: 8525: 8519: 8513: 8512: 8489: 8483: 8472: 8466: 8463: 8457: 8456: 8454: 8453: 8439: 8433: 8432: 8430: 8428: 8419:. Archived from 8411:British Museum. 8408: 8402: 8401: 8393: 8387: 8386: 8384: 8382: 8360: 8354: 8353:(E-book edition) 8352: 8332: 8326: 8325:Nahum 1:1 (NIV). 8323: 8317: 8307: 8301: 8300: 8277: 8271: 8262: 8256: 8251: 8245: 8240: 8234: 8229: 8223: 8222: 8200: 8194: 8193: 8171: 8162: 8157: 8151: 8146: 8140: 8135: 8129: 8124: 8118: 8113: 8107: 8102: 8096: 8091: 8085: 8079:1 Kings 12:22–24 8076: 8070: 8061: 8055: 8050: 8044: 8035: 8029: 8028: 8021: 8015: 8014: 7996: 7990: 7984: 7978: 7972: 7966: 7960: 7954: 7952: 7944: 7935: 7933: 7923: 7917: 7915: 7896: 7890: 7885: 7879: 7872: 7866: 7861: 7855: 7852: 7846: 7840: 7831: 7830: 7810: 7804: 7798: 7792: 7791: 7780: 7774: 7773: 7766: 7760: 7755: 7749: 7744: 7738: 7729: 7723: 7722: 7711: 7705: 7700: 7694: 7689: 7683: 7681:2 Samuel 15:9–10 7678: 7672: 7667: 7661: 7656: 7650: 7641: 7635: 7627: 7621: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7593: 7580: 7579: 7577: 7575: 7554: 7548: 7547: 7545: 7543: 7526: 7520: 7519: 7517: 7515: 7498: 7492: 7489: 7483: 7480: 7474: 7471: 7465: 7462: 7456: 7453: 7447: 7446: 7428: 7422: 7415: 7409: 7408: 7388: 7382: 7381: 7359: 7353: 7347: 7334: 7329: 7323: 7318: 7312: 7310:978-0-56741555-4 7296: 7287: 7280: 7274: 7273: 7271: 7269: 7238: 7232: 7227: 7221: 7216: 7210: 7205: 7199: 7189: 7183: 7182: 7174: 7165: 7156: 7150: 7145: 7139: 7134: 7128: 7125: 7119: 7118: 7100: 7094: 7091: 7085: 7084: 7082: 7080: 7066: 7060: 7054: 7048: 7042: 7036: 7030: 7024: 7018: 7012: 7006: 7000: 6999: 6997: 6995: 6960: 6954: 6953: 6951: 6949: 6926: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6912: 6887: 6881: 6880: 6878: 6876: 6853: 6847: 6840:1 Samuel 27:8–11 6825: 6819: 6814: 6808: 6807: 6785: 6779: 6778: 6753: 6747: 6746: 6726: 6720: 6718:Genesis 14:18–20 6715: 6709: 6707:Genesis 14:13–17 6704: 6698: 6696:Genesis 14:10–12 6693: 6687: 6682: 6676: 6675: 6667: 6661: 6660: 6642: 6633: 6632: 6611: 6605: 6604: 6596: 6587: 6586: 6558: 6552: 6551: 6527: 6518: 6517: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6494: 6488: 6487: 6485: 6483: 6450: 6441: 6439: 6414: 6408: 6407: 6395: 6389: 6388: 6360: 6354: 6353: 6345: 6339: 6338: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6299: 6293: 6292: 6284: 6278: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6238: 6229: 6228: 6226: 6224: 6199: 6190: 6189: 6187: 6185: 6144: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6097: 6080: 6066: 5673:Siege of Lachish 5584:2 Kings 18:9–11 5491:Sack of Tiphsah 5478:Jehoram of Judah 5382:886 to 883 BCE. 5381: 5227:Maybe historical 5215:Israel (Samaria) 5082:Siege of Rabbah 4655:Battle of Mizpah 4574:Battle of Gibeah 4364:(Well of Harod) 4040:Numbers 21:33–35 4019:Judges 11:19–22 4015:Numbers 21:21–30 3991:Exodus 32:26–28 3897:Genesis 14:1–17 3893:Battle of Siddim 3867: 3825:2 Kings 25:25–26 3797:2 Kings 25:22–24 3769:Solomon's Temple 3714:Lamentations 4:4 3581:Book of Jeremiah 3529:of the northern 3439:Cline 2000:92-93 3400:Kingdom of Judah 3386:led his army to 3380:Pharaoh Necho II 3363: 3336:886 to 883 BCE. 3335: 3283:Kingdom of Judah 3277:, in modern-day 3240:Bubastite Portal 3198:Kingdom of Judah 3169:covenant of salt 3111:led by the king 3109:Kingdom of Judah 3103:led by the king 3032:Tribes of Israel 2986:Kingdom of Judah 2974: 2962: 2959: 2947: 2945: 2944: 2943: 2882:Kingdom of Judah 2800:the Jordan river 2719: 2636: 2633: 2625: 2614:, then known as 2556:2 Samuel 2:12–17 2495:As described in 2415:Kingdom of Judah 2371:Battle of Mizpah 2361:Battle of Mizpah 2204:tribes of Israel 2129:), according to 2117:are narrated in 2094:Heber the Kenite 1996:Period of judges 1872:William G. Dever 1746: 1745: 1488:historical books 1344:in his absence. 1320:Book of Jeremiah 1185: 1172: 1170: 1040:Battle of Siddim 1034:Battle of Siddim 1028: 1015: 1008: 970: 893:of the Maccabees 886:Maccabean Revolt 713: 706: 699: 687:Bible portal 685: 684: 683: 408:Synoptic problem 332: 331: 327:Biblical studies 256:Dead Sea scrolls 217:Petrine epistles 212:Pauline epistles 41: 18: 17: 9802: 9801: 9797: 9796: 9795: 9793: 9792: 9791: 9777: 9776: 9775: 9770: 9749: 9723:Christian Bible 9718: 9650: 9562: 9553: 9512: 9495: 9490: 9460: 9455: 9444: 9431: 9412: 9340: 9270:United monarchy 9264: 9255:Battle of Aphek 9225:Battle of Hazor 9196: 9153: 9151: 9144: 9139: 9091: 9089:Further reading 9081: 9053: 9051: 9049: 8978: 8955: 8934: 8913: 8893: 8888: 8887: 8879: 8875: 8865: 8863: 8857:"Judges 15 NIV" 8855: 8854: 8850: 8842: 8835: 8828: 8824: 8795: 8788: 8772: 8766: 8762: 8748: 8744: 8733: 8729: 8715: 8711: 8702: 8698: 8680: 8674: 8670: 8662: 8658: 8640: 8634: 8630: 8594: 8588:Lipschits, Oded 8585: 8581: 8563: 8554: 8550: 8545: 8541: 8532: 8528: 8520: 8516: 8509: 8501:. p. 340. 8490: 8486: 8473: 8469: 8464: 8460: 8451: 8449: 8441: 8440: 8436: 8426: 8424: 8409: 8405: 8394: 8390: 8380: 8378: 8361: 8357: 8349: 8333: 8329: 8324: 8320: 8310:2 Chronicles 35 8308: 8304: 8297: 8278: 8274: 8263: 8259: 8252: 8248: 8241: 8237: 8230: 8226: 8219: 8201: 8197: 8190: 8172: 8165: 8158: 8154: 8147: 8143: 8136: 8132: 8125: 8121: 8114: 8110: 8103: 8099: 8092: 8088: 8077: 8073: 8062: 8058: 8051: 8047: 8036: 8032: 8023: 8022: 8018: 8011: 7997: 7993: 7985: 7981: 7973: 7969: 7961: 7957: 7945: 7938: 7924: 7920: 7913: 7897: 7893: 7886: 7882: 7878:(2008), p. 347. 7873: 7869: 7862: 7858: 7853: 7849: 7843:Van Seters 1998 7841: 7834: 7827: 7811: 7807: 7799: 7795: 7782: 7781: 7777: 7768: 7767: 7763: 7756: 7752: 7745: 7741: 7730: 7726: 7713: 7712: 7708: 7701: 7697: 7690: 7686: 7679: 7675: 7668: 7664: 7659:2 Samuel 15:1–5 7657: 7653: 7642: 7638: 7628: 7624: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7594: 7583: 7573: 7571: 7556: 7555: 7551: 7541: 7539: 7528: 7527: 7523: 7513: 7511: 7500: 7499: 7495: 7490: 7486: 7481: 7477: 7472: 7468: 7463: 7459: 7454: 7450: 7443: 7429: 7425: 7416: 7412: 7405: 7389: 7385: 7360: 7356: 7348: 7337: 7330: 7326: 7319: 7315: 7297: 7290: 7281: 7277: 7267: 7265: 7263: 7239: 7235: 7228: 7224: 7217: 7213: 7206: 7202: 7190: 7186: 7176: 7175: 7168: 7157: 7153: 7146: 7142: 7135: 7131: 7126: 7122: 7115: 7101: 7097: 7093:Joshua 8:28 NIV 7092: 7088: 7078: 7076: 7068: 7067: 7063: 7055: 7051: 7043: 7039: 7031: 7027: 7019: 7015: 7007: 7003: 6993: 6991: 6961: 6957: 6947: 6945: 6943: 6927: 6920: 6910: 6908: 6906: 6888: 6884: 6874: 6872: 6870: 6854: 6850: 6844:1 Kings 4:41–43 6826: 6822: 6815: 6811: 6786: 6782: 6772: 6754: 6750: 6743: 6727: 6723: 6716: 6712: 6705: 6701: 6694: 6690: 6683: 6679: 6668: 6664: 6657: 6643: 6636: 6612: 6608: 6597: 6590: 6559: 6555: 6548: 6528: 6521: 6510: 6506: 6495: 6491: 6481: 6479: 6477: 6451: 6444: 6429: 6415: 6411: 6396: 6392: 6361: 6357: 6346: 6342: 6331: 6327: 6320: 6300: 6296: 6285: 6281: 6271: 6269: 6239: 6232: 6222: 6220: 6218: 6200: 6193: 6183: 6181: 6145: 6138: 6128: 6126: 6116:SAGE Publishing 6098: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6083: 6067: 6063: 6058: 6025:Ancient warfare 6021: 5970:c. 587–586 BCE 5951: 5946: 5944:2 Chronicles 36 5942: 5926:c. 598–597 BCE 5911: 5894:c. 601–586 BCE 5865: 5855: 5828: 5822: 5810: 5807:2 Chronicles 35 5805: 5769: 5756: 5733: 5726: 5724: 5698: 5696:Lachish reliefs 5694: 5684: 5682:2 Chronicles 32 5680: 5656: 5642:2 Chronicles 32 5640: 5632: 5620: 5598: 5583: 5558: 5556:2 Chronicles 28 5554: 5529:2 Kings 16:5–9 5528: 5522: 5469:2 Chronicles 21 5449: 5433:2 Chronicles 21 5431: 5424:Battle of Zair 5423: 5399: 5375: 5356: 5348: 5335:c. 911–870 BCE 5308:2 Chronicles 14 5285:2 Chronicles 13 5283: 5248:2 Chronicles 12 5246: 5223:c. 931–913 BCE 5211:United monarchy 5203:2 Chronicles 13 5201: 5175:1 Chronicles 14 5173: 5162: 5134: 5106:David arranges 5105: 5054:1 Chronicles 11 5052: 4952:1 Chronicles 10 4950: 4945: 4940: 4919: 4896: 4874:1 Chronicles 20 4832:1 Chronicles 20 4829: 4824: 4814: 4761:various tribes 4760: 4678: 4663: 4639: 4612: 4604:Battle of Aphek 4573: 4572:Benjamite War / 4558: 4547: 4535: 4527:Not historical 4516: 4506: 4481: 4457: 4379: 4361: 4348:'s Canaanites. 4247: 4243: 4160:Yahweh assists 4100: 4085:Not historical 4075:Yahweh assists 4041: 4018: 4016: 3960:Exodus 17:8–13 3950:Not historical 3865: 3829:Jeremiah 43:5–7 3801:Jeremiah 40:6–8 3750:Jeremiah 32:4–5 3690: 3684: 3669:Book of Ezekiel 3606: 3600: 3577:Book of Ezekiel 3557:Assyrian Empire 3549: 3543: 3510:Fall of Nineveh 3506: 3496: 3490: 3474:prophetic books 3470: 3456:2 Chronicles 35 3424:ceased to exist 3376: 3370: 3326: 3263: 3257: 3221:2 Chronicles 12 3213: 3207: 3189:, Jeshanah and 3178:pincer movement 3161:2 Chronicles 13 3093: 3087: 2932: 2926: 2873: 2853:1 Chronicles 14 2845: 2837:Main articles: 2835: 2740:Wood of Ephraim 2732: 2726: 2720: 2715: 2707:, that is, the 2685:1 Chronicles 11 2672:outside of the 2634: 2592: 2586: 2580: 2519: 2513: 2451:and a force of 2433: 2427: 2391: 2383:Battle of Aphek 2363: 2308:Books of Samuel 2281: 2279:Battle of Aphek 2275: 2273:Battle of Aphek 2153: 2147: 2108: 2102: 2034:who ruled from 2009: 2003: 1998: 1983:. They entered 1966:Waters of Merom 1947: 1941: 1909: 1903: 1889:), after which 1881:defeat of king 1815: 1809: 1803: 1798: 1797: 1608: 1566: 1556: 1542:(1 Esdras) and 1484: 1479: 1478: 1471:, soldiers and 1398:Book of Numbers 1374: 1366: 1350: 1338: 1332: 1241: 1235: 1230: 1229: 1153:Nicolas Poussin 1139: 1131: 1066:Book of Genesis 1046:Genesis 14:1–17 1042: 1036: 1031: 1030: 920: 909: 854:Sometimes, the 812:by the ancient 786: 717: 681: 679: 678: 670: 669: 656: 642: 620: 612: 611: 610: 526: 502: 475: 467: 466: 461: 380: 364: 353: 329: 319: 318: 317: 250: 249: 230: 229: 225:Johannine works 221: 185: 165: 164: 161:and development 148: 147: 146: 113: 99: 85: 58: 57: 12: 11: 5: 9800: 9790: 9789: 9772: 9771: 9754: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9732: 9726: 9724: 9720: 9719: 9717: 9716: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9686: 9681: 9680: 9679: 9677:Capital crimes 9669: 9664: 9658: 9656: 9652: 9651: 9649: 9648: 9647: 9646: 9644:Asian American 9641: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9576: 9570: 9568: 9564: 9563: 9556: 9554: 9552: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9534:Biblical canon 9531: 9526: 9520: 9518: 9514: 9513: 9500: 9497: 9496: 9489: 9488: 9481: 9474: 9466: 9457: 9456: 9449: 9446: 9445: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9432: 9428:Book of Esther 9422: 9420: 9414: 9413: 9411: 9410: 9409: 9408: 9403: 9393: 9388: 9387: 9386: 9381: 9371: 9366: 9361: 9355: 9353: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9338: 9337: 9336: 9331: 9321: 9316: 9311: 9309:Siege of Jebus 9306: 9304:Pool of Gibeon 9301: 9296: 9281: 9275: 9273: 9266: 9265: 9263: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9211: 9209: 9198: 9197: 9195: 9194: 9189: 9184: 9179: 9174: 9168: 9166: 9156: 9146: 9145: 9138: 9137: 9130: 9123: 9115: 9109: 9108: 9090: 9087: 9086: 9085: 9079: 9060: 9048:978-0199277186 9047: 9033:Muddiman, John 9024: 9015: 8982: 8976: 8959: 8953: 8938: 8932: 8917: 8911: 8892: 8889: 8886: 8885: 8873: 8848: 8846:, p. 177. 8833: 8822: 8786: 8760: 8742: 8727: 8709: 8696: 8668: 8656: 8628: 8579: 8548: 8539: 8526: 8514: 8507: 8484: 8467: 8458: 8434: 8403: 8388: 8355: 8347: 8327: 8318: 8302: 8295: 8272: 8257: 8246: 8235: 8224: 8217: 8195: 8188: 8163: 8152: 8141: 8130: 8119: 8108: 8097: 8086: 8071: 8056: 8045: 8030: 8016: 8009: 7991: 7979: 7967: 7955: 7936: 7918: 7911: 7891: 7880: 7867: 7856: 7854:Knight, p. 66. 7847: 7832: 7825: 7805: 7793: 7788:www.Bibler.org 7775: 7761: 7758:2 Samuel 17:26 7750: 7747:2 Samuel 17:24 7739: 7724: 7706: 7695: 7692:2 Samuel 15:13 7684: 7673: 7662: 7651: 7644:2 Samuel 14:21 7636: 7622: 7608: 7581: 7549: 7521: 7493: 7484: 7482:1 Samuel 14:4. 7475: 7466: 7457: 7448: 7441: 7423: 7410: 7403: 7383: 7354: 7335: 7324: 7313: 7288: 7275: 7261: 7233: 7230:Judges 4:17–22 7222: 7219:Judges 4:15–16 7211: 7200: 7184: 7166: 7151: 7140: 7129: 7120: 7114:978-1575061139 7113: 7095: 7086: 7070:"Judges 1 NIV" 7061: 7049: 7047:, p. 275. 7037: 7035:, p. 691. 7025: 7013: 7001: 6955: 6941: 6918: 6904: 6882: 6868: 6848: 6836:1 Samuel 15:33 6820: 6809: 6780: 6770: 6748: 6741: 6721: 6710: 6699: 6688: 6685:Genesis 14:1–7 6677: 6662: 6655: 6634: 6606: 6588: 6553: 6546: 6519: 6504: 6489: 6475: 6442: 6427: 6409: 6390: 6371:(4): 365–375. 6365:Interpretation 6355: 6340: 6325: 6318: 6294: 6279: 6230: 6216: 6191: 6171:10.1086/370775 6136: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6082: 6081: 6060: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6053: 6052: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6032: 6027: 6020: 6017: 6014: 6013: 6011:Not historical 6008: 6005: 5994: 5988: 5982: 5975: 5974: 5971: 5968: 5962: 5959: 5948:Lamentations 4 5937: 5931: 5930: 5927: 5924: 5918: 5913: 5905: 5899: 5898: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5886: 5880: 5879: 5876: 5873: 5870: 5860: 5850: 5844: 5843: 5840: 5837: 5830: 5816: 5799: 5793: 5792: 5789: 5786: 5785: 5784: 5781: 5778: 5773: 5762: 5753: 5747: 5746: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5728: 5719: 5713: 5712: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5689: 5675: 5669: 5668: 5665: 5662: 5649: 5644: 5623: 5615: 5614: 5611: 5608: 5588: 5585: 5582:2 Kings 17:3–6 5580: 5576: 5575: 5572: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5548: 5542: 5541: 5538: 5535: 5532: 5530: 5525: 5517: 5516: 5513: 5510: 5500: 5498: 5492: 5488: 5487: 5484: 5481: 5476:Yahweh curses 5474: 5472: 5466: 5462: 5461: 5458: 5455: 5438: 5436: 5425: 5419: 5418: 5415: 5412: 5406: 5404: 5393: 5387: 5386: 5383: 5377: 5364: 5362: 5350: 5346:Tibni–Omri war 5342: 5341: 5336: 5333: 5322: 5311: 5305: 5299: 5298: 5295: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5268: 5265: 5258: 5251: 5240: 5230: 5229: 5224: 5221: 5208: 5205: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5178: 5167: 5155: 5154: 5151: 5148: 5142: 5140: 5128: 5122: 5121: 5118: 5115: 5090: 5088: 5083: 5079: 5078: 5075: 5072: 5062: 5057: 5046: 5044:Siege of Jebus 5040: 5039: 5036: 5033: 5023: 5021: 5015: 5013:Pool of Gibeon 5009: 5008: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4987: 4977: 4976: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4968: 4965: 4959: 4954: 4934: 4928: 4927: 4924: 4921: 4904: 4902: 4890: 4886: 4885: 4882: 4879: 4878: 4877: 4870: 4856: 4854:Valley of Elah 4837: 4835: 4819: 4802: 4801: 4798: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4784: 4780: 4779: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4768: 4762: 4756: 4755: 4752: 4749: 4742: 4736: 4726: 4720: 4719: 4716: 4713: 4699: 4697: 4692: 4686: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4667: 4665: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4647: 4645: 4626:Because judge 4624: 4622: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4587: 4585: 4576: 4568: 4567: 4562: 4560: 4555: 4553: 4541: 4529: 4528: 4525: 4522: 4519:suicide attack 4513: 4511: 4500: 4493: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4471: 4469: 4463: 4453: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4443:in return for 4433: 4431: 4425: 4421: 4420: 4417: 4415: 4409: 4407: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4376: 4374: 4365: 4362:the Midianites 4356: 4355: 4352: 4349: 4334: 4332: 4323: 4317: 4316: 4311: 4309: 4294: 4292: 4286: 4282: 4281: 4276: 4274: 4267: 4265: 4259: 4255: 4254: 4251: 4249: 4238: 4236: 4230: 4226: 4225: 4222: 4220: 4217: 4215: 4210: 4204: 4203: 4200: 4198: 4192: 4190: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4158: 4156: 4146: 4140: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4133: 4132: 4118: 4106: 4104: 4091: 4087: 4086: 4083: 4080: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4053: 4051: 4048: 4043: 4038: 4034: 4033: 4030: 4028: 4025: 4020: 4013: 4009: 4008: 4005: 4003: 3997: 3992: 3989: 3983: 3982: 3979: 3976: 3966: 3961: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3948: 3945: 3931: 3926: 3923: 3917: 3916: 3913: 3910: 3903: 3898: 3895: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3864: 3861: 3785:Yehud Province 3777:Jeremiah 52:16 3742:2 Kings 25:1–7 3686:Main article: 3683: 3680: 3602:Main article: 3599: 3596: 3545:Main article: 3542: 3539: 3492:Main article: 3489: 3486: 3469: 3466: 3420:Fall of Harran 3372:Main article: 3369: 3366: 3330:Tibni–Omri war 3325: 3324:Tibni–Omri war 3322: 3306:the Chronicler 3259:Main article: 3256: 3253: 3209:Main article: 3206: 3203: 3089:Main article: 3086: 3083: 3081:respectively. 2980:, king of the 2928:Main article: 2925: 2922: 2872: 2869: 2834: 2831: 2728:Main article: 2725: 2722: 2713: 2662:Amarna letters 2602:, led by king 2584:Siege of Jebus 2582:Main article: 2579: 2578:Siege of Jebus 2576: 2566:archaeologist 2517:Pool of Gibeon 2515:Main article: 2512: 2511:Pool of Gibeon 2509: 2429:Main article: 2426: 2423: 2421:(c. 930 BCE). 2390: 2387: 2367:Book of Samuel 2362: 2359: 2323:Book of Samuel 2277:Main article: 2274: 2271: 2235:tribe of Judah 2231:political spin 2173:Book of Judges 2171:and 21 of the 2167:(chapters 19, 2149:Main article: 2146: 2143: 2104:Main article: 2101: 2098: 2013:Book of Judges 2005:Main article: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1943:Main article: 1940: 1937: 1905:Main article: 1902: 1899: 1860:Tell es-Sultan 1805:Main article: 1802: 1799: 1794: 1793: 1790: 1786: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1770: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1741: 1740: 1739: 1738: 1737: 1736: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1713: 1712: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1685: 1684: 1683: 1680: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1662: 1661: 1660: 1657: 1654: 1648: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1625: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1609: 1601: 1555: 1552: 1550:by scholars). 1483: 1480: 1375: 1367: 1365: 1362: 1349: 1346: 1331: 1328: 1268:Exodus 17:8–13 1245:Exodus 17:8–13 1237:Main article: 1234: 1231: 1214:Book of Exodus 1140: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1038:Main article: 1035: 1032: 941:preventive war 929:non-resistance 921: 910: 908: 905: 806:Book of Joshua 785: 782: 742:. Texts about 719: 718: 716: 715: 708: 701: 693: 690: 689: 672: 671: 668: 667: 662: 655: 654: 649: 643: 641: 640: 639: 638: 628: 622: 621: 618: 617: 614: 613: 609: 608: 603: 598: 593: 588: 583: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 527: 525: 524: 519: 514: 509: 503: 501: 500: 495: 490: 484: 483: 482: 476: 474:Interpretation 473: 472: 469: 468: 463: 462: 460: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 428: 425: 424: 418: 417: 416: 415: 410: 405: 400: 393: 388: 379: 378: 373: 368: 362: 357: 351: 346: 341: 335: 330: 325: 324: 321: 320: 316: 315: 310: 308:English Bibles 305: 300: 295: 290: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 261:Masoretic Text 258: 252: 251: 248: 247: 237: 236: 235: 232: 231: 228: 227: 220: 219: 214: 208: 207: 206: 201: 196: 191: 184: 183: 178: 173: 167: 166: 163: 162: 155: 154: 153: 150: 149: 145: 144: 143: 142: 137: 132: 121: 120: 119: 112: 111: 106: 100: 98: 97: 92: 86: 84: 83: 82: 81: 76: 71: 60: 59: 56: 55: 48: 47: 46: 43: 42: 34: 33: 27: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9799: 9788: 9785: 9784: 9782: 9769: 9765: 9761: 9757: 9752: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9731: 9728: 9727: 9725: 9721: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9697: 9695: 9692: 9690: 9689:Homosexuality 9687: 9685: 9682: 9678: 9675: 9674: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9659: 9657: 9653: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9636: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9571: 9569: 9565: 9560: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9521: 9519: 9515: 9511: 9510:New Testament 9507: 9506:Old Testament 9503: 9498: 9494: 9487: 9482: 9480: 9475: 9473: 9468: 9467: 9464: 9454: 9453: 9447: 9442: 9429: 9425: 9421: 9419: 9418:Exilic period 9415: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9398: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9385: 9382: 9380: 9377: 9376: 9375: 9372: 9370: 9367: 9365: 9362: 9360: 9357: 9356: 9354: 9351: 9347: 9343: 9335: 9332: 9330: 9327: 9326: 9325: 9322: 9320: 9317: 9315: 9312: 9310: 9307: 9305: 9302: 9300: 9297: 9295: 9291: 9288: 9285: 9282: 9280: 9277: 9276: 9274: 9271: 9267: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9203: 9199: 9193: 9190: 9188: 9185: 9183: 9180: 9178: 9175: 9173: 9170: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9160: 9157: 9155: 9147: 9143: 9136: 9131: 9129: 9124: 9122: 9117: 9116: 9113: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9093: 9092: 9082: 9080:9780664256524 9076: 9072: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9050: 9044: 9040: 9039: 9034: 9030: 9025: 9021: 9016: 9012: 9008: 9004: 9000: 8996: 8992: 8988: 8983: 8979: 8977:9789053565032 8973: 8969: 8965: 8960: 8956: 8954:9781683594406 8950: 8946: 8945: 8939: 8935: 8933:9780802844163 8929: 8925: 8924: 8918: 8914: 8912:9789053565032 8908: 8904: 8900: 8895: 8894: 8882: 8877: 8862: 8858: 8852: 8845: 8840: 8838: 8831: 8826: 8819: 8814: 8810: 8807:(3): 137–56. 8806: 8802: 8801: 8793: 8791: 8783: 8778: 8771: 8764: 8756: 8752: 8746: 8738: 8731: 8723: 8719: 8713: 8706: 8700: 8692: 8688: 8687: 8679: 8672: 8665: 8660: 8652: 8648: 8647: 8639: 8632: 8624: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8606: 8602: 8601: 8593: 8589: 8583: 8575: 8571: 8570: 8562: 8558: 8552: 8543: 8536: 8530: 8523: 8518: 8510: 8508:9781575674360 8504: 8500: 8499: 8494: 8488: 8481: 8477: 8471: 8462: 8448: 8447:Bible Gateway 8444: 8438: 8423:on 2014-10-30 8422: 8418: 8414: 8407: 8399: 8392: 8377:on 2015-09-23 8376: 8372: 8371: 8366: 8359: 8350: 8348:9781506482033 8344: 8340: 8339: 8331: 8322: 8315: 8311: 8306: 8298: 8296:9780195139372 8292: 8288: 8287: 8282: 8276: 8269: 8268: 8261: 8255: 8250: 8244: 8239: 8233: 8228: 8220: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8199: 8191: 8185: 8181: 8177: 8170: 8168: 8161: 8156: 8150: 8145: 8139: 8134: 8128: 8123: 8117: 8112: 8106: 8101: 8095: 8090: 8084: 8080: 8075: 8069: 8065: 8064:1 Kings 12:21 8060: 8054: 8049: 8043: 8042:1 Kings 12:14 8039: 8034: 8026: 8020: 8012: 8010:9783110189933 8006: 8002: 7995: 7988: 7983: 7976: 7971: 7964: 7959: 7950: 7943: 7941: 7931: 7930: 7922: 7914: 7912:9781407313894 7908: 7904: 7903: 7895: 7889: 7888:1 Kings 11:40 7884: 7877: 7871: 7865: 7860: 7851: 7845:, p. 17. 7844: 7839: 7837: 7828: 7822: 7818: 7817: 7809: 7802: 7801:2 Samuel 18:8 7797: 7789: 7785: 7779: 7771: 7765: 7759: 7754: 7748: 7743: 7737: 7733: 7728: 7720: 7716: 7710: 7704: 7699: 7693: 7688: 7682: 7677: 7671: 7670:2 Samuel 15:6 7666: 7660: 7655: 7649: 7645: 7640: 7633: 7626: 7611: 7609:9780810875654 7605: 7601: 7600: 7592: 7590: 7588: 7586: 7569: 7565: 7564: 7559: 7553: 7537: 7536: 7535:Reading Eagle 7531: 7525: 7509: 7508: 7503: 7497: 7488: 7479: 7470: 7464:1 Sam. 13:16. 7461: 7452: 7444: 7438: 7434: 7427: 7420: 7414: 7406: 7404:1-85075-466-7 7400: 7396: 7395: 7387: 7380: 7375: 7371: 7370: 7365: 7358: 7351: 7346: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7333: 7328: 7322: 7317: 7311: 7307: 7303: 7302: 7295: 7293: 7285: 7279: 7264: 7262:9781118710746 7258: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7245: 7237: 7231: 7226: 7220: 7215: 7209: 7204: 7197: 7195: 7188: 7180: 7173: 7171: 7163: 7162: 7155: 7149: 7144: 7138: 7133: 7124: 7116: 7110: 7106: 7099: 7090: 7075: 7071: 7065: 7059:, p. 47. 7058: 7053: 7046: 7041: 7034: 7029: 7022: 7017: 7010: 7005: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6970: 6966: 6959: 6944: 6942:9781906055721 6938: 6934: 6933: 6925: 6923: 6907: 6905:9780664238827 6901: 6897: 6893: 6886: 6871: 6869:9781575061313 6865: 6861: 6860: 6852: 6845: 6841: 6837: 6833: 6829: 6824: 6818: 6813: 6805: 6801: 6797: 6796: 6795:The Good News 6791: 6784: 6777: 6773: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6752: 6744: 6738: 6734: 6733: 6725: 6719: 6714: 6708: 6703: 6697: 6692: 6686: 6681: 6673: 6666: 6658: 6652: 6648: 6641: 6639: 6630: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6610: 6602: 6595: 6593: 6584: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6557: 6549: 6543: 6539: 6535: 6534: 6526: 6524: 6515: 6508: 6500: 6493: 6478: 6476:9780199340378 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6449: 6447: 6438: 6436: 6430: 6424: 6420: 6413: 6405: 6401: 6394: 6386: 6382: 6378: 6374: 6370: 6366: 6359: 6352:. p. 54. 6351: 6344: 6336: 6329: 6321: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6306: 6298: 6290: 6283: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6237: 6235: 6219: 6217:9780664238827 6213: 6209: 6205: 6198: 6196: 6180: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6155: 6150: 6143: 6141: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6108: 6103: 6096: 6092: 6078: 6074: 6070: 6069:Yahweh's name 6065: 6061: 6051: 6048: 6046: 6043: 6041: 6038: 6036: 6033: 6031: 6028: 6026: 6023: 6022: 6012: 6009: 6006: 6003: 5999: 5995: 5992: 5989: 5986: 5983: 5980: 5977: 5976: 5972: 5969: 5966: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5954: 5949: 5945: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5932: 5928: 5925: 5922: 5919: 5917: 5914: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5900: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5889: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5877: 5874: 5871: 5868: 5864: 5861: 5858: 5854: 5851: 5849: 5846: 5845: 5841: 5838: 5835: 5831: 5826: 5820: 5817: 5814: 5808: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5794: 5790: 5787: 5782: 5779: 5776: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5768: 5767: 5763: 5760: 5759:Book of Jonah 5754: 5752: 5749: 5748: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5732: 5729: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5710: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5702: 5697: 5693: 5690: 5687: 5683: 5679: 5676: 5674: 5671: 5670: 5666: 5663: 5660: 5654: 5650: 5648: 5645: 5643: 5639: 5635: 5631: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5621:in the Levant 5617: 5616: 5612: 5609: 5606: 5602: 5596: 5592: 5591:Shalmaneser V 5589: 5586: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5573: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5543: 5539: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5526: 5524: 5519: 5518: 5514: 5511: 5508: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5493: 5490: 5489: 5485: 5482: 5479: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5459: 5456: 5453: 5447: 5443: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5429: 5426: 5421: 5420: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5410:Aram-Damascus 5407: 5405: 5402: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5388: 5384: 5378: 5373: 5369: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5354: 5351: 5347: 5344: 5343: 5340: 5337: 5334: 5331: 5327: 5324:Yahweh helps 5323: 5320: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5306: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5273: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5259: 5256: 5252: 5249: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5235: 5232: 5231: 5228: 5225: 5222: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5200: 5197: 5195: 5192: 5191: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5179: 5176: 5171: 5168: 5166: 5161: 5157: 5156: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5143: 5141: 5138: 5132: 5129: 5127: 5124: 5123: 5119: 5116: 5113: 5109: 5103: 5099: 5095: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5084: 5081: 5080: 5076: 5073: 5071:(Jerusalem?) 5070: 5066: 5063: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5050: 5047: 5045: 5042: 5041: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5027: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5010: 5006: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4995: 4991: 4988: 4986: 4982: 4979: 4978: 4974: 4971: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4953: 4948: 4943: 4938: 4935: 4933: 4930: 4929: 4925: 4922: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4903: 4900: 4894: 4891: 4889:Foreskin war 4888: 4887: 4883: 4880: 4875: 4871: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4857: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4840: 4839: 4838: 4836: 4833: 4827: 4823: 4820: 4818: 4813: 4810: 4807: 4804: 4803: 4799: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4785: 4782: 4781: 4777: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4763: 4758: 4757: 4753: 4750: 4747: 4743: 4740: 4737: 4734: 4730: 4727: 4725: 4722: 4721: 4717: 4714: 4711: 4707: 4706:Jabesh-Gilead 4703: 4700: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4687: 4683: 4681: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4666: 4661: 4658: 4656: 4653: 4652: 4648: 4646: 4643: 4637: 4633: 4629: 4625: 4623: 4620: 4616: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4588: 4586: 4584: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4570: 4569: 4566: 4563: 4561: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4545: 4542: 4539: 4534: 4531: 4530: 4526: 4523: 4520: 4514: 4512: 4509: 4504: 4501: 4498: 4495: 4494: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4479: 4475: 4472: 4470: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4455: 4454: 4450: 4448: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4435:Yahweh helps 4434: 4432: 4429: 4426: 4423: 4422: 4418: 4416: 4413: 4410: 4408: 4405: 4402: 4400: 4397: 4396: 4392: 4390: 4387: 4383: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4369: 4366: 4363: 4358: 4357: 4353: 4350: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4333: 4331: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4310: 4307: 4303: 4299: 4295: 4293: 4290: 4287: 4284: 4283: 4280: 4277: 4275: 4272: 4268: 4266: 4263: 4260: 4257: 4256: 4252: 4250: 4245: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4231: 4228: 4227: 4223: 4221: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4205: 4201: 4199: 4197: 4193: 4191: 4189: 4185: 4182: 4180: 4179:Battles of Ai 4177: 4176: 4172: 4169: 4167: 4163: 4159: 4157: 4154: 4150: 4147: 4145: 4142: 4141: 4137: 4135: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4119: 4116: 4112: 4109: 4108: 4107: 4105: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4092: 4089: 4088: 4084: 4081: 4078: 4074: 4072: 4069: 4067: 4064: 4062: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4047: 4044: 4039: 4036: 4035: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4014: 4011: 4010: 4006: 4004: 4002: 3998: 3996: 3993: 3990: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3971: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3949: 3946: 3943: 3939: 3935: 3932: 3930: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3918: 3914: 3911: 3908: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3890: 3887: 3884: 3881: 3878: 3875: 3872: 3869: 3868: 3860: 3858: 3857:Jeremiah 44:1 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3774: 3770: 3765: 3763: 3759: 3755: 3751: 3747: 3743: 3739: 3736:and taken to 3735: 3731: 3730:Jeremiah 39:2 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3699: 3695: 3689: 3679: 3677: 3672: 3670: 3666: 3662: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3644: 3639: 3637: 3633: 3628: 3626: 3622: 3618: 3614: 3611: 3605: 3595: 3593: 3589: 3584: 3582: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3562: 3558: 3554: 3548: 3538: 3536: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3520: 3519:pars pro toto 3515: 3511: 3505: 3501: 3495: 3494:Book of Nahum 3485: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3464: 3459: 3457: 3451: 3449: 3443: 3440: 3436: 3432: 3427: 3425: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3375: 3365: 3359: 3358:Ancient Greek 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3340:assassinated 3339: 3331: 3321: 3319: 3315: 3311: 3307: 3302: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3284: 3280: 3276: 3272: 3268: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3222: 3218: 3217:1 Kings 14:25 3215:According to 3212: 3202: 3199: 3194: 3192: 3188: 3183: 3179: 3172: 3170: 3164: 3162: 3157: 3155: 3151: 3146: 3142: 3137: 3133: 3128: 3126: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3098: 3092: 3082: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3017: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2973: 2965: 2960: 2958: 2950: 2937: 2931: 2921: 2919: 2915: 2914:Song of Moses 2911: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2847:According to 2844: 2840: 2830: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2811: 2809: 2805: 2801: 2797: 2796:Kidron valley 2793: 2788: 2784: 2780: 2776: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2734:According to 2731: 2718: 2712: 2710: 2709:city of David 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2688: 2686: 2682: 2677: 2675: 2674:Old Testament 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2646: 2644: 2643:City of David 2640: 2629: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2591: 2585: 2575: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2559: 2557: 2550: 2549:at the pool. 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2518: 2508: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2493: 2490: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2474: 2470: 2469:Jabesh-Gilead 2466: 2463:and south of 2462: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2432: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2386: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2358: 2356: 2355:1 Samuel 4:18 2352: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2319: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2298:defeated the 2297: 2293: 2289: 2286: 2280: 2270: 2267: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2251:Jabesh-Gilead 2246: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2220: 2219:Deuteronomist 2215: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2152: 2145:Benjamite War 2142: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2107: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2078: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2017: 2014: 2008: 1993: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1949:According to 1946: 1936: 1934: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1908: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1875: 1873: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1857: 1853: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1823: 1819: 1814: 1808: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1767: 1764: 1763: 1759: 1756: 1755: 1751: 1748: 1747: 1744: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1717: 1716: 1714: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1693: 1691: 1686: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1665: 1663: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1651: 1649: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1631: 1629: 1628: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1612: 1606: 1600: 1598: 1594: 1593:11th chapters 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1571: 1565: 1561: 1551: 1549: 1548:Ezra–Nehemiah 1545: 1541: 1537: 1536:II Chronicles 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1462: 1461:spoils of war 1458: 1454: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1437:Transjordnian 1433: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1414:Old Testament 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1384: 1379: 1372: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1345: 1343: 1337: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1293: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1266:According to 1264: 1262: 1261:Promised Land 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1240: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1184: 1183: 1175: 1166: 1162: 1154: 1150: 1149: 1144: 1137: 1126: 1122: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1107: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1079: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1064:rule. In the 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1041: 1027: 1021: 1017: 1014: 1007: 1000: 998: 994: 990: 986: 981: 976: 974: 969: 968: 962: 958: 954: 953:Promised Land 949: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 918: 917: 904: 902: 901:New Testament 898: 894: 891: 888:in the Greek 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 870: 865: 861: 857: 852: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 829: 827: 823: 822:11th chapters 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 781: 779: 775: 771: 767: 763: 759: 758: 753: 749: 745: 741: 737: 736:Old Testament 733: 729: 726:concerns any 725: 714: 709: 707: 702: 700: 695: 694: 692: 691: 688: 677: 674: 673: 666: 663: 661: 658: 657: 653: 652:Infallibility 650: 648: 645: 644: 637: 634: 633: 632: 629: 627: 624: 623: 616: 615: 607: 604: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 551:Homosexuality 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 528: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 510: 508: 505: 504: 499: 496: 494: 491: 489: 486: 485: 481: 478: 477: 471: 470: 458: 455: 453: 450: 448: 445: 443: 440: 438: 435: 433: 430: 429: 427: 426: 423: 420: 419: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 398: 394: 392: 389: 387: 386: 382: 381: 377: 374: 372: 369: 367: 363: 361: 358: 356: 352: 350: 347: 345: 342: 340: 337: 336: 334: 333: 328: 323: 322: 314: 311: 309: 306: 304: 301: 299: 296: 294: 291: 289: 288: 284: 282: 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 253: 246: 242: 239: 238: 234: 233: 226: 223: 222: 218: 215: 213: 210: 209: 205: 202: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 186: 182: 179: 177: 174: 172: 169: 168: 160: 157: 156: 152: 151: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 127: 126: 123: 122: 118: 115: 114: 110: 107: 105: 102: 101: 96: 93: 91: 88: 87: 80: 77: 75: 72: 70: 67: 66: 65: 62: 61: 53: 50: 49: 45: 44: 40: 36: 35: 32: 29: 28: 24: 20: 19: 16: 9662:Commentaries 9655:Hebrew Bible 9502:Hebrew Bible 9452:Bible Portal 9450: 9319:Baal-perazim 9286: 9220:Battle of Ai 9141: 9104: 9100: 9069: 9052:. Retrieved 9037: 9029:Barton, John 9019: 8994: 8990: 8970:. Eerdmans. 8967: 8943: 8926:. Eerdmans. 8922: 8905:. Eerdmans. 8902: 8891:Bibliography 8876: 8864:. Retrieved 8861:biblehub.com 8860: 8851: 8844:Niditch 2007 8825: 8816: 8804: 8798: 8780: 8776: 8763: 8754: 8745: 8736: 8730: 8721: 8712: 8699: 8690: 8684: 8671: 8663: 8659: 8650: 8644: 8631: 8604: 8598: 8582: 8573: 8567: 8551: 8542: 8534: 8529: 8517: 8497: 8495:(May 2007). 8487: 8475: 8470: 8461: 8450:. Retrieved 8446: 8437: 8425:. Retrieved 8421:the original 8416: 8406: 8397: 8391: 8379:. Retrieved 8375:the original 8368: 8358: 8337: 8330: 8321: 8305: 8285: 8275: 8266: 8260: 8249: 8238: 8227: 8208: 8198: 8179: 8155: 8144: 8133: 8122: 8111: 8100: 8089: 8074: 8059: 8048: 8038:1 Kings 12:4 8033: 8019: 8000: 7994: 7982: 7970: 7958: 7948: 7928: 7921: 7901: 7894: 7883: 7875: 7870: 7859: 7850: 7815: 7808: 7796: 7787: 7778: 7764: 7753: 7742: 7727: 7718: 7709: 7698: 7687: 7676: 7665: 7654: 7639: 7631: 7625: 7613:. Retrieved 7598: 7572:. Retrieved 7561: 7552: 7540:. Retrieved 7533: 7524: 7512:. Retrieved 7505: 7496: 7487: 7478: 7473:1 Sam. 14:5. 7469: 7460: 7451: 7432: 7426: 7413: 7393: 7386: 7377: 7373: 7367: 7357: 7349: 7332:Judges 20:48 7327: 7321:Judges 20:28 7316: 7300: 7283: 7278: 7266:. Retrieved 7243: 7236: 7225: 7214: 7203: 7193: 7187: 7178: 7160: 7154: 7148:Judges 4:8–9 7143: 7137:Judges 4:2–7 7132: 7123: 7104: 7098: 7089: 7077:. Retrieved 7074:biblehub.com 7073: 7064: 7052: 7040: 7028: 7016: 7004: 6992:. Retrieved 6972: 6968: 6958: 6946:. Retrieved 6931: 6909:. Retrieved 6895: 6885: 6873:. Retrieved 6858: 6851: 6823: 6812: 6793: 6783: 6775: 6761: 6751: 6731: 6724: 6713: 6702: 6691: 6680: 6671: 6665: 6646: 6620: 6616: 6609: 6600: 6566: 6562: 6556: 6532: 6513: 6507: 6498: 6492: 6480:. Retrieved 6458: 6432: 6418: 6412: 6403: 6399: 6393: 6368: 6364: 6358: 6349: 6343: 6334: 6328: 6304: 6297: 6288: 6282: 6270:. Retrieved 6250: 6246: 6221:. Retrieved 6207: 6182:. Retrieved 6158: 6152: 6127:. Retrieved 6111: 6105: 6095: 6064: 5990: 5866: 5818: 5765: 5699: 5610:724–722 BCE 5571:736–732 BCE 5537:743–732 BCE 5370:killed king 5326:Asa of Judah 5185:c. 1000 BCE 5160:Baal-perazim 5150:c. 1000 BCE 5117:c. 1000 BCE 5096:besiege the 5074:c. 1000 BCE 5059: 5035:c. 1000 BCE 5004:c. 1000 BCE 4808: 4738: 4533:Micah's Idol 4476:complain to 3766: 3726:2 Kings 25:2 3710:2 Kings 25:3 3691: 3673: 3646: 3641: 3629: 3607: 3585: 3550: 3518: 3507: 3471: 3461: 3453: 3445: 3428: 3410:, the Greek 3408:Hebrew Bible 3377: 3354:Asa of Judah 3327: 3303: 3271:Asa of Judah 3264: 3214: 3195: 3174: 3166: 3158: 3129: 3125:Edwin Thiele 3123:proposed by 3094: 3056: 3018: 3002:Hebrew Bible 2969: 2954: 2933: 2886:King Solomon 2874: 2846: 2839:Baal-perazim 2827: 2812: 2756: 2733: 2690: 2678: 2665: 2647: 2627: 2615: 2596:Hebrew Bible 2593: 2561: 2552: 2527:Hebrew Bible 2521:The Pool of 2520: 2494: 2488: 2487:units. Each 2484: 2477: 2436: 2434: 2392: 2364: 2320: 2292:Hebrew Bible 2282: 2247: 2216: 2212: 2177: 2154: 2109: 2079: 2065:was judging 2048: 2010: 1970: 1948: 1910: 1907:Battle of Ai 1901:Battle of Ai 1887:Judges 1:4–7 1876: 1849: 1816: 1742: 1610: 1567: 1532:I Chronicles 1485: 1434: 1426:Israel Knohl 1422:Christianity 1410:Hebrew Bible 1392:is the 31st 1388: 1383:James Tissot 1351: 1339: 1313: 1305:Exodus 17:12 1288: 1280:Exodus 17:14 1265: 1242: 1196:Hebrew Bible 1169:קריעת ים סוף 1158: 1146: 1123: 1082: 1074:river valley 1062:Mesopotamian 1058:Jordan River 1043: 1001: 996: 984: 979: 977: 972: 956: 950: 922: 915: 882:Hebrew Bible 868: 856:Hebrew Bible 853: 830: 787: 755: 732:Hebrew Bible 723: 722: 619:Perspectives 600: 480:Hermeneutics 395: 383: 303:Luther Bible 298:Gothic Bible 287:Vetus Latina 285: 241:Translations 181:Hebrew canon 109:Antilegomena 104:Deuterocanon 15: 9768:WikiProject 9745:Development 9187:Golden calf 7455:Isa. 10:28. 7208:Judges 5:21 7033:Jacobs 2000 6832:Judges 7:12 6828:Judges 3:13 6817:13:17–14:29 6569:(1): 8–40. 6482:23 December 6165:: 105–114. 5953:Jeremiah 32 5929:Historical 5912:(Ezekiel?) 5897:Historical 5878:Historical 5875:c. 605 BCE 5857:Jeremiah 46 5791:Historical 5788:c. 612 BCE 5745:Historical 5711:Historical 5667:Historical 5659:Sennacherib 5613:Historical 5540:Historical 5512:c. 745 BCE 5483:c. 845 BCE 5457:c. 845 BCE 5414:c. 874 BCE 5294:c. 913 BCE 5267:c. 926 BCE 5236:'s sack of 5158:Battles of 5131:2 Samuel 17 5086:2 Samuel 11 5069:his capital 5030:Ish-bosheth 4985:Ish-bosheth 4942:1 Samuel 31 4937:1 Samuel 28 4912:bride price 4893:1 Samuel 18 4859:2 Samuel 21 4826:2 Samuel 21 4822:1 Samuel 17 4787:1 Samuel 15 4765:1 Samuel 14 4729:1 Samuel 13 4695:1 Samuel 11 4548:(prologue: 4474:Ephraimites 4439:defeat the 4001:golden calf 3886:Historicity 3779:). The Jew 3117:historicity 3038:, probably 3023::9-13) and 2861:Philistines 2572:water table 2497:1 Samuel 13 2473:1 Samuel 13 2453:Philistines 2296:Philistines 2127:Judges 5:31 2086:Wadi Kishon 2082:Mount Tabor 1962:city-states 1883:Adoni-Bezek 1833:ram's horns 1439:regions of 1342:golden calf 1110:Melchizedek 1104:, north of 989:Mesha Stele 798:chapters 13 517:Inspiration 355:Historicity 313:by language 245:manuscripts 9735:Protestant 9054:6 February 8693:(1): 32ff. 8452:2022-04-05 7417:Gill, J., 7177:"Judges", 7057:Dever 2006 7045:Coote 2000 7021:Firth 2021 7009:Firth 2021 6087:References 5996:With King 5940:2 Kings 25 5908:2 Kings 24 5853:Ezekiel 30 5802:2 Kings 23 5725:Chronicles 5722:2 Kings 18 5678:2 Kings 18 5626:2 Kings 18 5551:2 Kings 16 5495:2 Kings 15 5396:1 Kings 20 5374:of Israel. 5359:1 Kings 16 5353:1 Kings 16 5281:1 Kings 12 5255:Shoshenq I 5243:1 Kings 14 5199:1 Kings 11 5170:2 Samuel 5 5049:2 Samuel 5 5018:2 Samuel 2 4990:2 Samuel 2 4947:2 Samuel 1 4899:2 Samuel 3 4660:1 Samuel 7 4615:1 Samuel 2 4609:1 Samuel 4 4484:shibboleth 4460:Shibboleth 4066:Numbers 31 3970:Amalekites 3837:Nile Delta 3431:2 Kings 23 3388:Carchemish 3310:war spoils 3232:Shoshenq I 3121:chronology 3105:Jeroboam I 3040:Shoshenq I 3021:1 Kings 11 2898:the Exodus 2849:2 Samuel 5 2787:Ahithophel 2752:King David 2681:2 Samuel 5 2666:Urasalimmu 2600:Israelites 2588:See also: 2489:hamashhith 2485:hamashhith 2441:Israelites 2347:neck broke 2259:Numbers 31 2239:King David 2131:Judges 6:1 2115:Midianites 2092:, wife of 2016:chapters 4 1977:the Exodus 1955:Israelites 1921:Israelites 1895:Judges 1:8 1847:'s reign. 1811:See also: 1752:Joshua 11 1573:chapters 2 1528:Chronicles 1430:Midianites 1402:Pentateuch 1390:Numbers 31 1385:(c. 1900). 1371:Numbers 31 1309:Israelites 1253:Amalekites 1249:Israelites 1202:Israelites 1188:The Exodus 1112:, king of 1020:Israelites 876:, and the 833:Numbers 31 814:Israelites 776:(see also 768:, such as 766:war crimes 762:modern era 522:Literalism 432:Historical 339:Archeology 276:Septuagint 171:Authorship 159:Authorship 9493:The Bible 9003:0042-4935 8964:"Jericho" 8881:Long 1985 8653:(2): 106. 8623:1203-1542 8265:"Tibni", 7574:28 August 7542:28 August 7514:28 August 7376:(1): 48. 6583:164654047 6435:holocaust 6385:170233422 6118:: 75–87. 5998:Ahasuerus 5755:Nahum 2–3 5653:Sargon II 5634:Isaiah 36 5603:, starts 5599:destroys 5428:2 Kings 8 5401:2 Kings 6 5315:Osorkon I 5264:'s reign 5238:Jerusalem 5135:(proper: 5133::24–18:18 5112:Bathsheba 4908:foreskins 4702:Ammonites 4675:Ashtoreth 4579:Judges 19 4550:Judges 17 4544:Judges 18 4536:(Sack of 4508:Judges 16 4503:Judges 15 4466:Judges 12 4441:Ammonites 4428:Judges 11 4412:Abimelech 4213:Joshua 11 4125:Joshua 15 4111:Joshua 10 3841:Tahpanhes 3787:, with a 3694:Jerusalem 3636:Jerusalem 3610:Jehoiakim 3573:Scythians 3561:Babylonia 3448:Euphrates 3350:Gibbethon 3342:king Elah 3299:Osorkon I 2988:, led by 2865:Isaiah 28 2859:over the 2851::20, and 2817:, one of 2775:Jerusalem 2744:Israelite 2701:Jebusites 2670:Jebusites 2612:Jerusalem 2608:Canaanite 2537:. 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