Walter Bedell Smith

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grave difficulties. It is inevitable that this statement will get out, and equally inevitable that the result will be that every Negro organization, pressure group and newspaper will take the attitude that, while the War Department segregates colored troops into organizations of their own against the desires and pleas of all the Negro race, the Army is perfectly willing to put them in the front lines mixed in units with white soldiers, and have them do battle when an emergency arises. Two years ago I would have considered the marked statement the most dangerous thing that I had ever seen in regard to Negro relations. I have talked with Lee about it, and he can't see this at all. He believes that it is right that colored and white soldiers should be mixed in the same company. With this belief I do not argue, but the War Department policy is different. Since I am convinced that this circular letter will have the most serious repercussions in the United States, I believe that it is our duty to draw the War Department's attention to the fact that this statement has been made, to give them warning as to what may happen and any facts which they may use to counter the pressure which will undoubtedly be placed on them.

44: 2775: 1058: 1555: 2884: 3019: 2690: 1228: 2805: 2820: 2523: 3004: 2959: 1361: 2989: 5107: 2543: 2929: 2944: 2739: 2653: 5825: 2592: 2914: 2790: 1873: 2710: 2636: 2974: 358: 2760: 1480: 2839: 2899: 5448: 2724: 398: 2869: 2854: 2571: 2670: 340: 2557: 2517: 2510: 1353:(SHAEF). Brooke released Gale only after a strong appeal from Smith but refused to transfer Strong. A heated exchange resulted, and Brooke later complained to Eisenhower about Smith's behavior. That was the only time that a senior British officer ever complained openly about Smith. Whiteley became Chief of Intelligence (G-2) at SHAEF instead of Strong, but Eisenhower and Smith had their way in the long run, and Strong assumed the post on 25 May 1944, with Brigadier General 314: 5858: 2684: 2677: 2630: 2623: 2616: 2464: 2444: 5211: 383: 2404: 2424: 2364: 2324: 2384: 2344: 2304: 2284: 2264: 2244: 2224: 2201: 5572: 1704: 1755:...we are forced into a continuing struggle for a free way of life that may extend over a period of many years. We dare not allow ourselves any false sense of security. We must anticipate that the Soviet tactic will be to wear us down, to exasperate us, and to keep probing for weak spots, and we must cultivate firmness and patience to a degree we have never before required. 1270:. Montgomery put forward an alternate plan that involved American and British forces landing side by side. He convinced Smith that his alternate plan was sound, and the two men persuaded most of the other Allied commanders. Montgomery's plan provided for the early seizure of airfields, which satisfied Tedder and Cunningham. The fears of logisticians like Major General 5846: 1869:(OSS). Langer's staff created procedures that were followed for the next two decades. Smith stepped up efforts to obtain economic, psychological, and photographic intelligence. By 1 December, Smith had formed a Directorate for Administration. The agency would ultimately be divided by function into three directorates: Administration, Plans, and Intelligence. 1538:'s command structure. Heavy casualties since the start of Operation Overlord had resulted in a critical shortage of infantry replacements even before the crisis situation created by the Ardennes Offensive. Steps were taken to divert men from Communications Zone units. The commander of the Communication Zone, Lieutenant General 3034: 1893:

the first deputy director for plans (DDP), to supervise both OPC and the CIA's separate espionage organization, the Office of Special Operations (OSO). Not until January 1952 were all intelligence functions consolidated under a deputy director for intelligence (DDI). Wisner succeeded Dulles as DDP in

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in June 1942, he requested that Smith be sent from Washington as his chief of staff. Smith's record as a staff officer and his proven ability to work harmoniously with the British made him a natural choice for the post. Reluctantly, Marshall acceded to the request, and Smith took over as the chief of

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Once battle was joined, Eisenhower acted decisively by committing the two armored divisions in the 12th Army Group's reserve over Bradley's objection, along with his own meager reserves, two airborne divisions. Whiteley and Betts visited the U.S. First Army headquarters and were unimpressed with how

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set in. Smith's tenacity of purpose was in line with the policy of containment that replaced about 1947 the conciliant stance that had for some years tried to find common ground with Moscow. He became convinced that no understanding was possible in dealings with the Soviets short of acquiescence to

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Although I am now somewhat out of touch with the War Department's Negro policy, I did, as you know, handle this during the time I was with General Marshall. Unless there has been a radical change, the sentence which I have marked in the attached circular letter will place the War Department in very

1422:, in the outskirts of London in accord with Eisenhower's expressed desire not to have his headquarters in a major city. A hutted camp was built with 130,000 square feet (12,000 m) of floor space. By the time Operation Overlord began, accommodations had been provided for 750 officers and 6,000 1044:

on 2 February 1942. He assumed the new post a week later, with Dykes as his deputy. The two men worked in partnership to create and organize the secretariat and to build the organization of the Combined Chiefs-of-Staff into one which could co-ordinate the war efforts of both allies, along with the

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on 30 April. After threatening Seyss-Inquart with prosecution for war crimes, Smith successfully negotiated for the provision of food to the suffering Dutch civilian population in the cities in the west of the country and opened discussions for the peaceful and complete German capitulation in the

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on 1 January 1939 after nine years as a captain. The slow promotion was common in the Army in the 1920s and the 1930s. Officers like Smith, commissioned between November 1916 and November 1918, made up 55.6% of the Army's officer corps in 1926. Promotions were usually based on seniority, and the

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AFHQ was a balanced binational organization in which the chief of each section was paired with a deputy of the other nationality. Its structure was generally American but with some British aspects. For example, Gale as CAO controlled both personnel and supply functions, which under the American

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into effect, which was accomplished by the following year. Smith left the State Department on 1 October 1954 and took up a position with the United Fruit Company. He also served as president and chairman of the board of the Associated Missile Products Company and AMF Atomics Incorporated, vice

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By consolidating responsibility for covert operations, Smith made the CIA the arm of government that was primarily responsible for them. Smith wanted the CIA to become a career service. Before the war, the so-called "Manchu Law" limited the duration of an officer's temporary assignments, which

986:, to be the assistant to the secretary of the General Staff. The Secretary of the General Staff was primarily concerned with records, paperwork, and the collection of statistics, but he also performed a great deal of analysis, liaison, and administration. One of Smith's duties was liaison with 1858:. Smith insisted for the estimates to be simple, readable, conclusive, and useful, rather than mere background. They reflected the best information available, but unfortunately, one estimate concluded that the Chinese would not intervene in Korea, which was another major intelligence failure. 1048:

Smith's duties involved taking part in discussions of strategy at the highest level, and he often briefed Roosevelt on strategic matters. However Smith became frustrated as he watched other officers receive operational commands that he desired. He later remarked: "That year I spent working as

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in November and December 1942, with Smith arriving on 11 December. Although AFHQ had an authorized strength of only 700, Smith aggressively expanded it. By January 1943 its American component alone was 1,406 and its strength eventually topped 4,000 men and women. As the chief-of-staff, Smith

700:(CIA) and the other intelligence agencies in the United States. Smith reorganized the CIA, redefined its structure and its mission, and gave it a new sense of purpose. He made the CIA the arm of government that is primarily responsible for covert operations. He left the CIA in 1953 to become 1530:

Smith's immediate reaction was to dismiss the suggestion out of hand. He told Strong and Whiteley that they were fired and should pack their bags and return to the United Kingdom. On the next morning, Smith apologized, had had second thoughts, and informed them that he would present their

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leading the march to be all white, which was made difficult as the vast majority of units were over two-thirds African. Smith wrote a confidential memo that stated that it was "more desirable that the division mentioned above consist of white personnel" to match US segregated platoons.

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recommendation to Eisenhower as his own. He realized the military and political implications and knew that such a recommendation had to come from an American officer. On 20 December, he recommended it to Eisenhower, who telephoned both Bradley and Montgomery, and Eisenhower ordered it.

1686:, but he made some concessions on a ceasefire before the surrender came into effect. On 7 May, Smith cosigned the surrender document along with Soviet General Susloparov, both of whom represented the Allies, and Jodl, who represented Germany. The French representative, Major General 1917:, Truman decided that Smith should be promoted as well. However, Smith's name was omitted from the promotion list. Truman then announced that no one would be promoted before Smith, which occurred on 1 August 1951. Smith retired from the Army upon leaving the CIA on 9 February 1953. 1788: 1471:

as soon as possible. SHAEF Forward began its move on 15 September and it opened in Versailles on 20 September. SHAEF Main followed, moving from Bushy Park by air. The move was completed by October, and SHAEF remained there until 17 February 1945, when SHAEF Forward moved to

1149:. The relationship between Smith and Hughes, an old friend of Eisenhower, was tense. Smith later accused Hughes of "empire building," and the two clashed over trivial issues. In Algiers, Smith and Eisenhower seldom socialized together. Smith conducted formal dinners at his 1199:

The debacle at Kasserine Pass strained relations between the Allies, and another crisis developed when II Corps reported that enemy aviation operated at will over its sector because of an absence of Allied air cover. That elicited a scathing response from British

1207:

on the competence of American troops. Eisenhower drafted a letter to Marshall suggesting that Coningham should be relieved of his command since he could not control the acrimony between senior Allied commanders, but Smith persuaded him not to send it. Instead,

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accepted the conclusions and recommendations of the report. It remained to implement them. In May 1950, Truman decided that Smith was the man he needed for the CIA. Before Smith could assume the post on 7 October, there was a major intelligence failure. The

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effectively prevented anyone from making a career as a general staff officer. There were no schools for intelligence training, and the staffs had little to do in peacetime. Career officers therefore tended to avoid such work unless they aspired to be a

2030:. He accepted and had small parts in the movie, most notably in the beginning in which he was dressed in his old service uniform. He narrated several parts of the film and referred constantly to "the foot soldier." Smith was portrayed on screen by 657:, which he signed on behalf of Eisenhower. In 1944, he became the chief of staff of SHAEF, again under Eisenhower. In that position, Smith also negotiated successfully for food and fuel aid to be sent through German lines for the cold and starving 1849:

Smith and Jackson moved to reorganize the agency in line with the recommendations of the Dulles-Jackson-Correa Report. They streamlined procedures to gather and disseminate intelligence. On 10 October, Smith was asked to prepare estimates for the

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Disagreements arose between Allied commanders over the operational plan, which called for a series of dispersed landings based on the desire of the air, naval, and logistical planners concerning the early capture of ports and airfields. General

1254:, to "cooperate". To Eisenhower, that command arrangement meant a reversion to the old British "committee system". He drafted a cable to the Combined Chiefs of Staff demanding a unified command structure, but Smith persuaded him to tear it up. 2112:. He was entitled to a Special Full Honor Funeral, but his widow requested that a simple joint service funeral be held, which was patterned after the one given to Marshall in 1959. She selected a grave site for her husband in Section 7 of 1880:

Smith is remembered in the CIA as its first successful Director of Central Intelligence and one of its most effective by redefining its structure and mission. The CIA's expansive covert action program remained the responsibility of

1542:, persuaded Eisenhower to allow soldiers to volunteer for service "without regard to color or race to the units where assistance is most needed, and give you the opportunity of fighting shoulder to shoulder to bring about victory." 723:

Smith was called Bedell from his boyhood. From an early age he was nicknamed "Beetle" or occasionally "Beedle" or "Boodle." He was educated at St. Peter and Paul School, Public Schools #10 and #29, Oliver Perry Morton School, and

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from 1955 to 1956. He also served as chairman of the advisory council of the President's Committee on Fund Raising and as a member-at-large from 1958 to 1961. In recognition of his other former boss, he was a member of the

1310:, respectively, in a simple ceremony beneath an olive tree at Cassibile, Sicily. In October, Smith traveled to Washington for two weeks to represent Eisenhower in a series of meetings, including one with Roosevelt at 1387:, becoming Smith's deputy chief of staff at SHAEF. Gale also held the title of deputy chief of staff, as well as being chief administrative officer, and there was also a deputy chief of staff (Air), Air Vice Marshal 1039:

He appointed Smith as the secretary of the Combined Chiefs of Staff and of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Since Dykes was senior in service time to Smith, and Marshall wanted Smith to be in charge, Smith was promoted to

1747:

their expansionism, and that their intransigence and delaying tactics precluded the reconstruction and economic recovery of Europe. He saw the Soviet Union as a secretive, totalitarian, and antagonistic state. In

1682:. Once again, Strong acted as an interpreter. Smith took a hard line by threatening that unless terms were accepted, the Allies would seal the front, which would force the remaining Germans into the hands of the 1992:

After retiring as Under Secretary of State in 1954, Smith continued to serve the Eisenhower administration in various posts. He was a member of the National Security Training Commission from 1955 to 1957, the

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paid Patton a visit at his headquarters. Their meeting was interrupted by a German air raid, which convinced the airmen that Patton had a point. Coningham withdrew his written criticisms and apologized.

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Smith's service as the American ambassador was eventful. Although it was not Smith's fault, the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union during his tenure deteriorated rapidly as the

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Four months after the outbreak of the Korean War, the CIA had produced no co-ordinated estimate of the situation in Korea. Smith created a new Office of National Estimates (ONE) under the direction of

1738:. In putting Smith's nomination for the post before the United States Senate, Truman asked for and received special legislation permitting Smith to retain his permanent military rank of major general. 1429:

Eisenhower and Smith's offices were in a subterranean complex. Smith's office was spartan, dominated by a large portrait of Marshall. An advanced command post codenamed Sharpener was established near

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on 6 February and he resigned as the DCI three days later. In May 1954, Smith traveled to Europe in an attempt to convince the British to participate in an intervention to avert French defeat in the

1715:, France. In August, Eisenhower nominated Smith as his successor as commander of U.S. Forces, European Theater, as ETOUSA was redesignated on 1 July 1945. Smith was passed over in favor of General 1909:

in 1951, he asked for Smith to serve as his chief of staff again. Truman turned down the request by stating that the DCI was a more important post. Eisenhower therefore took Lieutenant General

5938: 6008: 5998: 720:, on 5 October 1895, the elder of two sons of William Long Smith, a silk buyer for the Pettis Dry Goods Company, and his wife, Ida Francis née Bedell, who worked for the same company. 4369: 5963: 5958: 1723:

in November 1945, he summoned Smith to become his assistant chief of staff for operations and planning. However, soon after his arrival back in Washington he was asked by President

653:" for his brusque and demanding manner. However, he also successfully represented Eisenhower in sensitive missions requiring diplomatic skill. Smith was involved in negotiating the 5973: 1603:

attached to the division. The former arrangement were generally better rated by the units they were attached to, because the colored platoons had no company-level unit training.

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its commanders were handling the situation. Strong, Whiteley, and Betts recommended that command of the armies north of the Ardennes be transferred from Bradley to Montgomery.

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wanted to retain Smith at AFHQ as Deputy Supreme Commander in the Mediterranean. Churchill reluctantly gave way at Eisenhower's insistence. On New Year's Eve, Smith met with

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Smith had to conduct another set of surrender negotiations, that of the German armed forces, in May 1945. Smith met with the representatives of the German High Command (the

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August 1951, and it took until August 1952 to merge the OSO and the OPC, each of which had its own culture, methods, and pay scales, into an effective, single directorate.

1036:

of the British Joint Staff Mission provided the secretarial arrangements for the new organization at first, but Marshall thought that an American secretariat was required.

5933: 1846:, one of the authors of the Dulles-Jackson-Correa Report, to Smith. Jackson accepted the post of deputy director on three conditions, one of which was "no bawlings out." 5993: 5983: 1807:(CIA). Since the post had been established in 1946, there had been three directors, none of whom had wanted the position. Smith became the director on 7 October 1950. 5918: 3101:, pp. 19–20 Some British sources assumed that he had a hyphenated name, which are somewhat common in Britain, and so referred to Bedell Smith as "Bedell-Smith." 933:, in March 1931. Upon graduation in June 1932, he stayed on as an instructor in the Weapons Section in which he was responsible for demonstrating weapons like the 5988: 5928: 4095: 1247: 1078: 6023: 5913: 1380:. The staff of the chief-of-staff to the Supreme Allied Commander (COSSAC) was already active, and he had been planning Operation Overlord since April 1943. 1246:, the Combined Chiefs of Staff designated Eisenhower as the overall commander but ordered the three component commanders, Alexander, Tedder, and Admiral Sir 6028: 6013: 5953: 5903: 1464:. Smith soon realized that he had made a mistake. The forward headquarters was remote and inaccessible and lacked the necessary communications equipment. 43: 4500:. U.S. Army in World War II: The War in the Mediterranean. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History, U.S. Department of the Army. 4483:. United States Army in World War II: The European Theater of Operations. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Chief of Military History, United States Army. 4461:. U.S. Army in World War II: The War in the Mediterranean. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History, U.S. Department of the Army. 5200: 5191: 197: 4601:. U.S. Army in World War II: The European Theater of Operations. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army Center of Military History, U.S. Department of the Army. 6038: 5968: 1523:

came as a shock, and Smith had to defend Strong against criticism for failing to sound the alarm. He felt that Bradley had been given ample warning.

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to food and coal shipments to ease the suffering of the civilian population. Smith and Strong, representing SHAEF, along with Major General

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but was unable to negotiate political matters. On 3 September, Smith and Castellano signed the agreed-upon text on behalf of Eisenhower and

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modest objective of promoting officers to major after 17 years of service could not be met because of a shortage of posts for them to fill.

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secretary of the general staff for George Marshall was one of the most rewarding of my entire career, and the unhappiest year of my life."

1192:, pinpointing faulty intelligence at AFHQ as a contributing factor in the defeat at Kasserine. Mockler-Ferryman was replaced by Brigadier 1032:, which consisted of the (American) Joint Chiefs of Staff and the (British) Chiefs of Staff Committee meeting as a single body. Brigadier 5115: 4990: 1130:

zealously guarded access to Eisenhower, acquired a reputation as a tough and brusque manager, and was often referred to as Eisenhower's "

1814:, which found that the CIA had failed in its responsibilities in both the coordination and production of intelligence. In response, the 5978: 1942: 1763:, but Smith declined the appointment and preferred to return to military duty. He was appointed as the commander of the First Army at 5943: 2643: 1373: 830:, on 23 May. After training with the British and French Armies, the 4th Division entered the front lines in June 1918 and joined the 4733: 1711:

Smith briefly returned to the United States in late June 1945, after spending several days resting at the 108th General Hospital in

1519:. Smith sent Strong to personally warn Bradley, who was preparing an offensive of his own. The magnitude and ferocity of the German 5888: 4519:. U.S. Army in World War II: Special Studies. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Army Center of Military History, U.S. Department of the Army. 744: 507: 150: 4768: 1534:

This decision was greatly resented by many Americans, particularly in 12th Army Group, who felt that the action discredited the

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In 1913, Smith met Mary Eleanor (Nory) Cline, who was born in 1893 and died in 1963, and they were married in a traditional

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Mossman, B.; Stark, M. W. (1991). "CHAPTER XX, General Walter Bedell Smith, Special Full Honor Funeral, 9–14 August 1961".

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Smith suffered a heart attack on 9 August 1961 at his home in Washington, D.C., and he died in the ambulance on the way to

1926: 1779:, whose surgeons decided to remove most of his stomach. That did cure his ulcer, but Smith remained malnourished and thin. 1643: 1346: 1107: 1010: 4514: 852:

Smith was next sent to the newly formed 379th Infantry Regiment as its intelligence officer. The regiment was part of the

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in January 1944. On 18 January, he set out for London with two-and-a-half tons of personal baggage loaded onto a pair of

1138: 539: 4955: 4773:. Army Historical Series. Washington, D.C.: United States Army Center of Military History, U.S. Department of the Army. 4841: 2409: 2309: 2289: 2211: 998: 632: 492: 1028:, and Smith was named as its secretary on 23 January 1942. The same conference also brought about the creation of the 875:, where he was involved with the disposal of surplus equipment and supplies. In March 1919, he was transferred to the 5177: 2389: 2349: 2009: 1157:, oriental rugs, and art treasures. Like Eisenhower, Smith had a female companion, a nurse, Captain Ethel Westerman. 1041: 902:, the commander of the 12th Infantry Brigade at Fort Sheridan. From 1925 to 1929 Smith worked as an assistant in the 896: 841:'s General Staff and was assigned to the Military Intelligence Division. In September 1918, he was commissioned as a 1968: 313: 5662: 4998: 4986: 4905: 2844: 2795: 2548: 2530: 2076: 1800: 938: 693: 111: 24: 1558:

Senior Allied commanders at Rheims shortly after the German surrender. Present are (left to right): Major General

1906: 1720: 1212: 1070: 979: 903: 458: 401: 736:, but his father developed serious health problems, and Smith left to return to his job and support his family. 4977: 4260: 2744: 2658: 2117: 1998: 1815: 1204: 1111: 1094: 934: 729: 682: 649:

Smith became chief of staff to Eisenhower at AFHQ in September 1942 and acquired a reputation as Eisenhower's "

640: 1334:. Eisenhower wished to take Smith and other key members of his AFHQ staff with him to his new assignment, but 790:

led to his nomination for officer training in 1917, and he was sent to the Officer Candidate Training Camp at

5462: 5395: 4281: 3125:, p. 31 Smith had enough credits to graduate and was eventually awarded his high school diploma in 1945. 2964: 2889: 2774: 2429: 2369: 2014: 1886: 987: 616: 4818: 639:. His duties involved taking part in discussions of war plans at the highest level, and Smith often briefed 2765: 1973: 1866: 1811: 1400: 1263: 1161: 846: 597: 3195: 879:, a regular unit based at Camp Dodge, remaining there until November 1919, when it moved to Camp Sherman. 5734: 5729: 5704: 5655: 5631: 5606: 5158: 4804: 4739: 4325: 4197: 2919: 2810: 2249: 2113: 1804: 1377: 725: 697: 608: 1511:

By November 1944, Strong was reporting that there was a possibility of a German counteroffensive in the

1141:, U.S. Army (NATOUSA), Smith also acted as its chief of staff until 15 February, when Brigadier General 661:

civilian population, and he opened discussions for the peaceful and complete German capitulation to the

5836: 5420: 5405: 5245: 2994: 2883: 2715: 2116:, near Marshall's grave. She was buried next to him after her death in 1963. Smith's papers are in the 1664: 1099: 670: 429: 2943: 1767:

in New York, his first command since 1918. Throughout the war, Smith had been troubled by a recurring

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Smith immediately grasped the political implications and put his position to Eisenhower in writing:

5250: 5128: 4873: 3024: 2729: 2186: 1930: 1902:. Smith consolidated training under a director of training and developed a career service program. 1771:. The problem became severe in 1949. He was no longer able eat a normal diet, and he suffered from 1438: 1388: 1342: 1323: 1165: 1142: 1029: 1020:, which was held in Washington, D.C., December 1941 and January 1942, mandated the creation of the 990: 701: 636: 585: 469: 411: 4475: 2689: 5694: 5390: 5275: 5016: 4898: 2825: 2597: 2469: 2449: 2329: 2229: 2206: 2086: 2056: 2022: 1938: 1843: 1792: 1728: 1600: 1567: 1274:

that supply would not be practical without a port were resolved by the use of amphibious trucks.

1102:(AFHQ) on 15 September 1942. Reporting to him were two deputy chiefs of staff, Brigadier General 1002: 919: 899: 888: 768: 554: 524: 386: 178: 158: 2958: 2913: 2804: 2683: 2676: 2629: 2622: 2615: 1368:, who was also Smith's executive assistant when he was a postwar ambassador to the Soviet Union. 635:. In 1941, he became secretary of the General Staff, and in 1942 he became the secretary to the 5799: 5596: 5534: 5285: 4254: 3018: 2934: 2522: 2157: 2071: 2036: 1957: 1851: 1712: 1504: 1335: 1131: 861: 838: 791: 748: 654: 650: 561: 441: 3003: 1554: 5744: 5400: 4401:

The Biographical Dictionary of World War II Generals and Flag Officers: The U.S. Armed Forces

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General Walter Bedell Smith as Director of Central Intelligence October 1950 – February 1953

1153:, an estate surrounded by gardens and terraces, with two large drawing rooms decorated with 5883: 5878: 5647: 5385: 5370: 5280: 5081: 5046: 4813: 2988: 2819: 1994: 1981: 1964: 1913:

with him as his chief of staff. When Eisenhower later recommended Gruenther's elevation to

1889:(OPC), but Smith began to bring OPC under the DCI's control. In early January 1951 he made 1627: 1185: 1090: 569: 140: 79: 2928: 2838: 2542: 1057: 8: 5824: 5804: 5591: 5554: 5482: 5472: 5430: 5380: 5330: 4985: 4834: 4751: 2780: 2096: 1791:

Smith (center) with top CIA leaders, including outgoing Director of Central Intelligence

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Meeting of the Allied Supreme Command in February 1944. Left to right:Lieutenant General

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wedding ceremony on 1 July 1917. Their marriage was of long duration but was childless.

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Snyder, William P. (January 1984). "Walter Bedell Smith: Eisenhower's Chief of Staff".

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In 1955, Smith was approached to perform the voice-over and opening scene for the film

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on 18 July 1918. Smith was wounded by shell fragments during an attack two days later.

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in Indiana for officer indoctrination. Upon his graduation on 27 November 1917, he was

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were controlled by Montgomery at first, but the SHAEF Forward headquarters moved to

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at the British embassy. Castellano had hoped to arrange terms for Italy to join the

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Eisenhower also relieved his Assistant Chief of Staff Intelligence (G-2), Brigadier

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in various posts for several years until he retired shortly before he died in 1961.

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Because of his wounds, Smith was returned to the United States. He served with the

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Smith returned to the United States in March 1949. Truman offered him the post of

1238:, Smith, and Consul Franco Montanari, an official from the Italian Foreign Office. 1069:

meets in North Africa with (foreground from left to right): Air Chief Marshal Sir

5862: 5719: 5360: 5340: 5290: 5235: 5143: 5011: 4800: 4428: 2859: 2562: 2121: 2066: 2051: 1731: 1724: 1716: 1703: 1635: 1559: 1479: 1461: 1457: 1434: 1307: 1181: 704:. After retiring from the State Department in 1954, Smith continued to serve the 516: 446: 220: 135: 1467:

On 6 September, Eisenhower ordered both SHAEF Forward and SHAEF Main to move to

949:. He later returned to the Infantry School but was detached again to attend the 5794: 5714: 5636: 5616: 5415: 5355: 5295: 5255: 5215: 5210: 5138: 5086: 5036: 5031: 4528: 4319: 2829: 2759: 2152: 2061: 2031: 1914: 1676: 1596: 1539: 1488: 1442: 1396: 1365: 1360: 1295: 1193: 1005:

on 30 August 1941. On 1 September, the Secretary of the General Staff, Colonel

815: 775: 740: 604: 573: 397: 2898: 1227: 5872: 5764: 5739: 5621: 5522: 5512: 5365: 5320: 5310: 5051: 5041: 5006: 4963: 4724: 4699: 4683: 4633: 2868: 2046: 1967:. Smith ordered the American ambassador in Guatemala to put a CIA plan for a 1839: 1838:

Since Smith knew little about the CIA, he asked for a deputy who knew a lot.

1832: 1768: 1669: 1585: 1570: 1492: 1423: 1411: 1121:

system would have reported directly to Smith. Initially, AFHQ was located in

827: 345: 4778: 4747: 4563: 4524: 4505: 4488: 4449: 4418: 2723: 1266:, objected to that aspect of the plan since it exposed the Allied forces to 1231:

Secret Emissaries to Lisbon (left to right) Brigadier Kenneth W. D. Strong,

5754: 5539: 5452: 5447: 5375: 5225: 5133: 5091: 5076: 5026: 4915: 4606: 4286: 2853: 2701: 2570: 2041: 2027: 2008:

Smith was a consultant at the Special Projects Office (Disarmament) in the

1890: 1882: 1772: 1639: 1484: 1404: 1299: 1177: 1114: 1085:, Major General W. Bedell Smith, and several unidentified British officers. 1033: 1006: 892: 589: 436: 272: 190: 163: 4654: 4582: 4466: 4370:"In Memoriam. General Walter Bedell Smith. 5 October 1895 – 9 August 1961" 860:. The 95th Infantry Division was demobilized following the signing of the 5749: 5709: 5611: 5528: 5153: 5148: 5123: 5096: 2556: 2091: 2081: 2005:

from 1956 to 1957, and the President's Committee on Disarmament in 1958.

1934: 1824: 1820: 1672: 1623: 1453: 1216: 1201: 1164:, Eisenhower sent Smith forward to report on the state of affairs at the 915: 819: 811: 666: 658: 612: 424: 5857: 3033: 2001:

Special Stockpile Advisory Committee from 1957 to 1958, the President's

1842:, the executive secretary of the National Security Council, recommended 1595:. In the 12th Army Group these were attached to regiments, while in the 818:. The 4th Infantry Division embarked for Europe, which was embroiled in 5689: 4691: 1828: 1651: 1430: 1419: 1392: 1251: 868: 4430:

The Chief of Staff: The Military Career of General Walter Bedell Smith

1456:

in August, and on 1 September Eisenhower assumed control of Bradley's

1145:

became the Deputy Theater commander and the commanding general of the

906:. He then served a two-year tour of duty overseas on the staff of the 732:

and eventually left high school without graduating. Smith enrolled at

4716: 1650:

from 21st Army Group, met with Seyss-Inquart in the Dutch village of

1631: 1591:

The policy was revised, with colored soldiers serving in provisional

1535: 1282: 1184:. On their advice, Eisenhower replaced Fredendall with Major General 802:. He was then assigned to the newly formed Company A, 1st Battalion, 678: 4675: 1872: 1383:

This staff was absorbed into SHAEF, with COSSAC, with Major General

956:

He returned to the Infantry School once more and he was promoted to

1831:, took the administration entirely by surprise and raised fears of 1787: 1764: 1743: 1683: 1512: 1449: 1331: 764: 760: 2463: 2443: 1349:

to discuss the transfer of key British staff members from AFHQ to

751:. The Indiana National Guard was called out twice in 1913 for the 728:, where he studied to be a machinist. There, he took a job at the 382: 2423: 2403: 2383: 2363: 2343: 2323: 2303: 2283: 2263: 2243: 2223: 2200: 1950: 1592: 1154: 1126: 276: 4548:. University Park, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State University. 5576: 5571: 1516: 1445:'s Allied Naval Expeditionary Force headquarters were located. 1278: 1168:. Smith recommended the relief of its commander, Major General 1122: 946: 5939:

Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire

1751:(1950), Smith's account of his time as ambassador, he wrote: 1473: 1150: 918:. After nine years as a first lieutenant, he was promoted to 674: 5677: 1391:. The heads of the other staff divisions were Major General 6009:

United States Army Command and General Staff College alumni

5999:

Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Grunwald, 2nd class

872: 4091:

Fifteen DCIs' First 100 Days – Central Intelligence Agency

4232: 4230: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3815: 3813: 3663: 1977: 1707:

Smith as the U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union, 1946–48

1646:

representing the Dutch government, and Major General Sir

4256:

Papers and World War II Documents of Walter Bedell Smith

5974:

Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)

5199: 4574:

The Last Salute: Civil and Military Funerals, 1921–1969

3344: 3342: 3340: 3291: 3289: 19:

For the American journalist, historian and author, see

6004:

Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari

5909:

Commanders with Star of the Order of Polonia Restituta

4227: 3961: 3810: 2237:

1 July (effective 23 September) 1920 (permanent rank)

925:

Returning to the United States, Smith reported to the

771:

he served on the staff of the Indiana National Guard.

5834: 3196:"Headquarters and Headquarters Company 95th Division" 1941:. When that failed, he reached an agreement with the 5964:

Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1939–1945 (France)

5959:

Recipients of the Croix de Guerre 1914–1918 (France)

5894:

Ambassadors of the United States to the Soviet Union

4770:

The U.S. Army in the Occupation of Germany 1944–1946

4498:

Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative in the West

3337: 3286: 3082: 3080: 1810:

The 1949 Intelligence Survey Group had produced the

1795:(to Smith's left, in the light suit), 7 October 1950 1372:

Smith was promoted to lieutenant general and made a

5934:

Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath

3716: 3714: 1782: 1110:, and also the chief administrative officer (CAO), 1013:, and Smith became secretary of the General Staff. 5994:Recipients of the Order of Military Merit (Brazil) 5984:Recipients of the Navy Distinguished Service Medal 4642: 4427: 5919:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Belgium) 3077: 1761:Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs 1698: 5870: 4618:. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. 4457:Garland, Albert N.; Smyth, Howard McGaw (1965). 3711: 3065: 2811:Medal of Military Merit of the Army, First Class 1963:threatened to nationalize land belonging to the 887:In 1921, the staff of the 2nd Infantry moved to 669:. In May 1945, Smith met representatives of the 3509: 3507: 2060:(2004). On television he has been portrayed by 2003:Citizen Advisors on the Mutual Security Program 1351:Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force 1304:armistice between Italy and Allied armed forces 739:In 1911, at the age of 16, Smith enlisted as a 594:Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force 4711:. Manhattan, Kansas: Kansas State University. 4399:Ancell, R. Manning; Miller, Christine (1996). 3395: 3393: 2749: 2698:European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal 2602: 2581: 2496: 1610:, the Allied High Command put pressure on the 1410:Morgan had located his COSSAC headquarters in 560:(5 October 1895 – 9 August 1961) was a senior 5989:Recipients of the Order of Kutuzov, 1st class 5929:Grand Officers of the Order of the White Lion 5663: 5185: 4971: 4801:Newspaper clippings about Walter Bedell Smith 4735:Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Preparations 4372:. Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from 4279: 4162: 4160: 4094:, Central Intelligence Agency, archived from 3905: 692:from 1946 to 1948. In 1950, Smith became the 6024:United States Army Infantry Branch personnel 5914:Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency 4842:United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union 4570: 4456: 4398: 4306: 3561: 3537: 3504: 3071: 1997:board of consultants from 1956 to 1959, the 1736:United States Ambassador to the Soviet Union 592:. He was Eisenhower's chief of staff at the 6029:United States Army personnel of World War I 6014:United States Army generals of World War II 5954:Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium) 5904:Central Intelligence Agency founding member 3983: 3981: 3390: 1933:. Smith's appointment was confirmed by the 1920: 1322:In December 1943, Eisenhower was appointed 1045:Canadians, Australians, French and others. 530: 5670: 5656: 5192: 5178: 4978: 4964: 4649:. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Lippincott. 4613: 4434:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 4403:. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. 4282:"To Hell and Back: Real life to reel life" 4157: 3280: 2026:, which was based on the autobiography of 677:, France, to conduct the surrender of the 42: 4425: 4312: 4236: 4011: 3972: 3943: 3931: 3819: 3792: 3756: 3732: 3657: 3645: 3621: 3585: 3573: 3549: 3525: 3486: 3474: 3450: 3423: 3411: 3360: 3348: 3319: 3295: 3268: 3256: 3244: 3232: 3220: 3208: 3182: 3170: 3158: 3146: 3134: 3086: 2490: 1374:Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath 1277:In August 1943, Smith and Strong flew to 124:7 October 1950 – 9 February 1953 71:9 February 1953 – 1 October 1954 6039:United States Under Secretaries of State 5969:Recipients of the Czechoslovak War Cross 5679:United States Under Secretaries of State 4543: 4473: 4221: 4178: 4166: 4151: 4139: 4127: 4115: 4071: 4059: 4047: 4035: 4023: 3987: 3978: 3804: 3669: 3434: 3432: 3372: 2217:10 September (effective 4 October) 1918 1871: 1786: 1702: 1553: 1478: 1359: 1226: 1056: 1052: 993:, the senior military aide to President 867:In February 1919, Smith was assigned to 212:3 April 1946 – 25 December 1948 23:. For the Medal of Honor recipient, see 4709:Bedell Smith and Functionalist Dilemmas 4321:Walter Bedell Smith, General, U.S. Army 3881:"Liberation of Paris: The hidden truth" 1929:, announced that Smith would become an 982:in September 1939, he brought Smith to 5924:Grand Officers of the Legion of Honour 5899:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery 5871: 4938:United States Under Secretary of State 4766: 4731: 4706: 4661: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4084: 4082: 4080: 3955: 3384: 3331: 3307: 3122: 3110: 3098: 2017:Advisory Committee from 1960 to 1961. 1876:D.C.I. Smith briefing President Truman 1093:was appointed as the commander of the 655:armistice between Italy and the Allies 58:United States Under Secretary of State 6034:United States Army War College alumni 5651: 5173: 4959: 4819:United States Army Officers 1939–1945 4640: 4596: 3999: 3908:"Paris liberation made 'whites only'" 3831: 3780: 3768: 3744: 3720: 3705: 3693: 3681: 3633: 3609: 3597: 3438: 3429: 2766:Grand Croix de l'Ordre de la Couronne 1905:When Eisenhower was appointed as the 1618:On 15 April 1945, the Nazi governor ( 1599:the platoons were grouped into whole 5949:Military personnel from Indianapolis 4495: 4345:Official Army and Air Force Register 3513: 3498: 3462: 3399: 2922:, Knight Commander (United Kingdom) 2907:, Knight Commander (United Kingdom) 1925:On 11 January 1953, Eisenhower, now 1644:Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld 1507:and Lieutenant General Bedell Smith. 1302:, Smith was empowered to draw up an 5201:United States Ambassadors to Russia 4512: 4242: 4077: 3867: 3855: 3843: 2967:, Knight Grand Cross (Netherlands) 2103: 1566:, Lieutenant General Bedell Smith, 1317: 1139:North African Theater of Operations 969: 882: 690:U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union 13: 1987: 1854:between the president and General 1345:(one day later Field Marshal) Sir 493:Western Allied invasion of Germany 14: 6050: 5979:Recipients of the Legion of Merit 4987:Directors of Central Intelligence 4794: 4459:Sicily and the Surrender of Italy 4280:Matthew Sweet (3 December 2009), 2010:Executive Office of the President 1364:Smith and his wartime secretary, 1285:in civilian clothes and met with 953:from which he graduated in 1937. 627:in 1918. After the war, he was a 16:United States general (1895–1961) 5944:Indiana National Guard personnel 5856: 5844: 5823: 5570: 5446: 5209: 5105: 4906:Director of Central Intelligence 3032: 3017: 3002: 2987: 2972: 2957: 2942: 2927: 2912: 2897: 2882: 2867: 2852: 2837: 2818: 2803: 2788: 2773: 2758: 2752:International and Foreign Awards 2737: 2722: 2708: 2688: 2682: 2675: 2668: 2651: 2634: 2628: 2621: 2614: 2590: 2569: 2555: 2549:Navy Distinguished Service Medal 2541: 2531:Army Distinguished Service Medal 2521: 2515: 2508: 2462: 2442: 2422: 2402: 2382: 2362: 2342: 2322: 2302: 2297:18 April (effective 3 May) 1941 2282: 2262: 2242: 2222: 2199: 2127: 1827:in June 1950, which started the 1801:Director of Central Intelligence 1783:Director of Central Intelligence 1418:, London, but Smith moved it to 1137:Pending the organization of the 1024:as a counterpart to the British 939:Command and General Staff School 716:Walter Bedell Smith was born in 694:Director of Central Intelligence 688:After the war, he served as the 513:Navy Distinguished Service Medal 508:Army Distinguished Service Medal 396: 381: 356: 338: 312: 112:Director of Central Intelligence 25:Walter B. Smith (Medal of Honor) 5889:20th-century American diplomats 4362: 4350: 4338: 4300: 4273: 4215: 4184: 4172: 4145: 4133: 4121: 4109: 4065: 4053: 4041: 4029: 4017: 4005: 3993: 3949: 3937: 3925: 3899: 3873: 3861: 3849: 3837: 3825: 3798: 3786: 3774: 3762: 3750: 3738: 3726: 3699: 3687: 3675: 3651: 3639: 3627: 3615: 3603: 3591: 3579: 3567: 3555: 3543: 3531: 3519: 3492: 3480: 3468: 3456: 3444: 3417: 3405: 3378: 3366: 3354: 3325: 3313: 3301: 3274: 3262: 3250: 3238: 3226: 3214: 3202: 3188: 3176: 1907:Supreme Allied Commander Europe 1721:Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army 1719:. When Eisenhower took over as 964: 623:in 1917. He was wounded in the 4544:Montague, Ludwell Lee (1992). 4516:The Employment of Negro Troops 4261:Eisenhower Presidential Center 3906:Mike Thompson (6 April 2009). 3164: 3152: 3140: 3128: 3116: 3104: 3092: 2745:National Defense Service Medal 2659:American Defense Service Medal 2118:Eisenhower Presidential Center 1999:Office of Defense Mobilization 1816:U.S. National Security Council 1699:Ambassador to the Soviet Union 1095:European Theater of Operations 937:. In 1933, he was sent to the 935:M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle 781: 730:National Motor Vehicle Company 683:German Instrument of Surrender 1: 4874:Commanding General First Army 4732:Watson, Mark Skinner (1950). 4641:Smith, Walter Bedell (1950). 4614:Schifferle, Peter J. (2010). 4391: 2965:Order of the Netherlands Lion 2015:George C. Marshall Foundation 1887:Office of Policy Coordination 1378:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortresses 826:, on 9 May 1918, and reached 757:Indianapolis streetcar strike 711: 617:American Expeditionary Forces 4474:Harrison, Gordon A. (1951). 4426:Crosswell, D. K. R. (1991). 2605:U.S. Military Service Medals 2461: 2441: 2421: 2401: 2381: 2361: 2341: 2321: 2301: 2281: 2261: 2241: 2221: 2198: 2182: 2166: 2148: 1974:American Machine and Foundry 1867:Office of Strategic Services 1812:Dulles-Jackson-Correa Report 1775:. Smith was admitted to the 1403:(G-4) and Major General Sir 1162:Battle of the Kasserine Pass 558:Walter Bedell "Beetle" Smith 7: 6019:United States Army generals 5116:Central Intelligence Agency 4991:Central Intelligence Agency 4805:20th Century Press Archives 4740:U.S. Department of the Army 4326:Arlington National Cemetery 4198:Central Intelligence Agency 2937:, Grand Cross (Luxembourg) 2920:Order of the British Empire 2183:No pin insignia at the time 2114:Arlington National Cemetery 1805:Central Intelligence Agency 1659:, which occurred on 5 May. 1009:, was given command of the 1001:on 4 May 1941, and then to 726:Emmerich Manual High School 698:Central Intelligence Agency 609:Indiana Army National Guard 10: 6055: 4597:Pogue, Forrest C. (1954). 2995:Order of Polonia Restituta 2716:World War II Victory Medal 1693: 1665:Oberkommando der Wehrmacht 1100:Allied Forces Headquarters 598:campaign in Western Europe 578:Allied Forces Headquarters 18: 5821: 5685: 5568: 5444: 5207: 5114: 5103: 4997: 4944: 4935: 4927: 4922: 4912: 4903: 4895: 4890: 4880: 4871: 4863: 4858: 4848: 4839: 4831: 4826: 3050: 2980:Order of Virtuti Militari 2950:Order of Ouissam Alaouite 2890:Croix de guerre 1939–1945 2875:Croix de guerre 1914–1918 2862:, Grand Officer (France) 2750: 2646:with three battle clasps 2644:World War I Victory Medal 2603: 2582: 2499:U.S. military decorations 2497: 2481: 2454:Army of the United States 2414:Army of the United States 2374:Army of the United States 2354:Army of the United States 2334:Army of the United States 2294:Army of the United States 2110:Walter Reed Army Hospital 1953:into two separate zones. 1799:Truman selected Smith as 1777:Walter Reed Army Hospital 1680:Hans-Georg von Friedeburg 1244:Allied invasion of Sicily 1063:Allied invasion of Sicily 1026:Chiefs of Staff Committee 927:U.S. Army Infantry School 706:Eisenhower administration 685:on behalf of Eisenhower. 633:U.S. Army Infantry School 548: 538: 503: 417: 407: 392: 377: 369: 351: 333: 328: 320: 308: 300: 283: 259: 254: 250: 238: 226: 216: 205: 196: 184: 172: 149: 128: 117: 109: 97: 85: 75: 64: 54: 50: 41: 34: 4814:Generals of World War II 4767:Ziemke, Earl F. (1974). 4707:Urseth, Leif H. (2010). 4645:My Three Years in Moscow 4616:America's School for War 4496:Howe, George F. (1957). 4307:Mossman & Stark 1991 3562:Garland & Smyth 1965 3538:Garland & Smyth 1965 3072:Ancell & Miller 1996 3059: 3025:Order of Nichan Iftikhar 3012:, Second Class (Poland) 2982:, Silver Cross (Poland) 2952:, Grand Cross (Morocco) 2730:Army of Occupation Medal 1976:(AMF) and a director of 1931:Under Secretary of State 1921:Under Secretary of State 1749:My Three Years in Moscow 1503:, Air Chief Marshal Sir 1491:, Air Chief Marshal Sir 1324:Supreme Allied Commander 1219:, and Brigadier General 1030:Combined Chiefs of Staff 997:. Smith was promoted to 891:. In 1922, Smith became 788:Ohio River flood of 1913 786:Smith's work during the 759:. Smith was promoted to 702:Under Secretary of State 637:Combined Chiefs of Staff 619:and was commissioned to 586:Allied invasion of Italy 470:Allied invasion of Italy 198:United States Ambassador 4899:Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter 2826:Order of the White Lion 2798:, Grand Cross (Brazil) 2796:Order of Military Merit 2598:National Security Medal 2191:Officers' Reserve Corps 2087:The Last Days of Patton 2057:Ike: Countdown to D-Day 1943:Soviet Foreign Minister 1939:Battle of Dien Bien Phu 1844:William Harding Jackson 1803:(DCI), the head of the 1793:Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter 1729:U.S. Secretary of State 1690:, signed as a witness. 1262:, the commander of the 1075:Harold R.L.G. Alexander 900:George Van Horn Moseley 889:Fort Sheridan, Illinois 769:Pancho Villa Expedition 525:National Security Medal 483:Siegfried Line Campaign 179:Roscoe H. Hillenkoetter 4357:Official Army Register 2935:Order of the Oak Crown 2813:, Grand Cross (Chile) 2491:Awards and decorations 2175:Indiana National Guard 2158:Indiana National Guard 1877: 1852:Wake Island Conference 1796: 1757: 1708: 1588: 1552: 1508: 1505:Trafford Leigh-Mallory 1424:enlisted men and women 1369: 1336:British Prime Minister 1239: 1086: 1061:Allied leaders in the 862:Armistice with Germany 854:95th Infantry Division 839:U.S. Department of War 792:Fort Benjamin Harrison 749:Indiana National Guard 646:on strategic matters. 631:and instructor at the 568:who served as General 442:North African campaign 304:Nory Cline (1917–1961) 5745:Edward Stettinius Jr. 5730:William R. Castle Jr. 4513:Lee, Ulysses (1966). 2732:with "Germany" clasp 2474:Regular Army, retired 1885:'s quasi-independent 1875: 1790: 1753: 1706: 1630:, offered to open up 1562:, Lieutenant General 1557: 1547: 1482: 1448:Ground operations in 1433:, where Montgomery's 1399:(G-3), Major General 1395:(G-1), Major General 1363: 1230: 1190:Eric Mockler-Ferryman 1160:After the disastrous 1081:, and (top row): Mr. 1060: 1053:North African Theater 1022:Joint Chiefs of Staff 995:Franklin D. Roosevelt 951:U.S. Army War College 931:Fort Benning, Georgia 912:Fort William McKinley 877:2nd Infantry Regiment 864:on 11 November 1918. 832:Aisne-Marne Offensive 808:4th Infantry Division 796:directly commissioned 718:Indianapolis, Indiana 644:Franklin D. Roosevelt 625:Aisne-Marne Offensive 615:, he served with the 430:Aisne-Marne Offensive 370:Years of service 4999:Central Intelligence 4477:Cross Channel Attack 4038:, pp. 26–27, 35 2997:, II Class (Poland) 2783:with palm (Belgium) 2214:(United States Army) 2172:Corporal to Sergeant 1995:National War College 1982:Corning Incorporated 1965:United Fruit Company 1961:Jacobo Árbenz Guzmán 1958:Guatemalan President 1628:Arthur Seyss-Inquart 1584:, Air Chief Marshal 1573:(obscured), Captain 1186:George S. Patton Jr. 1091:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1079:Andrew B. Cunningham 1011:1st Armored Division 904:Bureau of the Budget 745:2nd Indiana Infantry 743:in Company D of the 681:, and he signed the 603:Smith enlisted as a 570:Dwight D. Eisenhower 5805:Nicholas Katzenbach 5775:Walter Bedell Smith 4891:Government offices 4835:W. Averell Harriman 4754:on 13 December 2012 4599:The Supreme Command 4531:on 26 November 2012 2892:with palm (France) 2877:with palm (France) 2845:War Cross 1939–1945 2077:War and Remembrance 1657:First Canadian Army 1655:Netherlands to the 1648:Francis de Guingand 1608:liberation of Paris 1579:General of the Army 1312:Hyde Park, New York 1292:Giuseppe Castellano 1288:Generale di Brigata 1264:British Eighth Army 1236:Giuseppe Castellano 1233:Generale di Brigata 1176:and Major Generals 1147:Communications Zone 1089:When Major General 922:in September 1929. 824:Hoboken, New Jersey 679:German Armed Forces 671:German High Command 663:First Canadian Army 600:from 1944 to 1945. 488:Battle of the Bulge 233:W. Averell Harriman 200:to the Soviet Union 36:Walter Bedell Smith 5780:Herbert Hoover Jr. 5577:Russian Federation 4948:Herbert Hoover Jr. 4923:Political offices 4884:Roscoe B. Woodruff 4867:Roscoe B. Woodruff 4376:on 10 January 2008 4309:, pp. 168–174 4239:, pp. 336–338 4154:, pp. 207–210 4130:, pp. 111–112 4014:, pp. 331–332 3975:, pp. 330–331 3958:, pp. 257–258 3946:, pp. 322–327 3934:, pp. 320–322 3870:, pp. 695–705 3822:, pp. 283–286 3771:, pp. 276–277 3759:, pp. 254–255 3747:, pp. 264–265 3696:, pp. 536–537 3588:, pp. 196–197 3564:, pp. 455–461 3552:, pp. 164–165 3501:, pp. 487–489 3477:, pp. 197–198 3465:, pp. 495–496 3414:, pp. 136–138 2410:Lieutenant general 2310:Lieutenant colonel 2290:Lieutenant colonel 2257:24 September 1929 2097:Ike: The War Years 1947:Vyacheslav Molotov 1878: 1797: 1709: 1612:Free French Forces 1589: 1521:Ardennes Offensive 1509: 1501:Bernard Montgomery 1416:St. James's Square 1401:Robert W. Crawford 1370: 1330:, the invasion of 1328:Operation Overlord 1260:Bernard Montgomery 1240: 1125:, but it moved to 1087: 1018:Arcadia Conference 999:lieutenant colonel 978:became the Army's 976:George C. Marshall 858:Camp Sherman, Ohio 696:, the head of the 580:(AFHQ) during the 566:United States Army 478:Battle of Normandy 364:United States Army 159:William H. Jackson 104:Herbert Hoover Jr. 21:Sally Bedell Smith 5832: 5831: 5810:Elliot Richardson 5790:C. Douglas Dillon 5770:David K. E. Bruce 5700:Henry P. Fletcher 5645: 5644: 5167: 5166: 4954: 4953: 4945:Succeeded by 4931:David K. E. Bruce 4913:Succeeded by 4881:Succeeded by 4859:Military offices 4849:Succeeded by 4827:Diplomatic posts 4625:978-0-7006-1714-2 4555:978-0-271-00750-2 4441:978-0-313-27480-0 4410:978-0-313-29546-1 4181:, pp. 97–100 3887:. 31 January 2007 3672:, pp. 48–52. 3057: 3056: 3010:Cross of Grunwald 2905:Order of the Bath 2847:(Czechoslovakia) 2828:, Star II Class ( 2584:U.S. Civil Medals 2577:Bronze Star Medal 2535:oak leaf clusters 2488: 2487: 2397:1 September 1943 2390:Brigadier general 2350:Brigadier general 2194:27 November 1917 2187:Second lieutenant 1863:William L. Langer 1856:Douglas MacArthur 1638:representing the 1582:Dwight Eisenhower 1497:Dwight Eisenhower 1460:and Montgomery's 1339:Winston Churchill 1314:, on 10 October. 1248:Andrew Cunningham 1221:Laurence S. Kuter 1210:Air Chief Marshal 1172:, as did General 1166:American II Corps 1143:Everett S. Hughes 1067:Dwight Eisenhower 1042:brigadier general 991:Edwin "Pa" Watson 897:Brigadier General 800:second lieutenant 734:Butler University 621:second lieutenant 552: 551: 452:Tunisian campaign 141:Dwight Eisenhower 92:David K. E. Bruce 80:Dwight Eisenhower 6046: 5861: 5860: 5849: 5848: 5847: 5840: 5827: 5815:John N. Irwin II 5785:Christian Herter 5760:Robert A. Lovett 5735:William Phillips 5725:Joseph P. Cotton 5705:William Phillips 5672: 5665: 5658: 5649: 5648: 5575: 5574: 5451: 5450: 5214: 5213: 5194: 5187: 5180: 5171: 5170: 5109: 5108: 4980: 4973: 4966: 4957: 4956: 4928:Preceded by 4896:Preceded by 4864:Preceded by 4832:Preceded by 4824: 4823: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4750:. Archived from 4728: 4703: 4664:Military Affairs 4658: 4648: 4637: 4610: 4593: 4591: 4589: 4567: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4527:. Archived from 4509: 4492: 4482: 4470: 4453: 4433: 4422: 4386: 4385: 4383: 4381: 4366: 4360: 4354: 4348: 4347:, 1948, p. 1702. 4342: 4336: 4335: 4334: 4332: 4316: 4310: 4304: 4298: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4277: 4271: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4251: 4240: 4234: 4225: 4219: 4213: 4212: 4211: 4209: 4200:, archived from 4188: 4182: 4176: 4170: 4164: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4142:, pp. 65–66 4137: 4131: 4125: 4119: 4118:, pp. 56–57 4113: 4107: 4106: 4105: 4103: 4086: 4075: 4074:, pp. 55–56 4069: 4063: 4062:, pp. 41–45 4057: 4051: 4045: 4039: 4033: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4003: 3997: 3991: 3985: 3976: 3970: 3959: 3953: 3947: 3941: 3935: 3929: 3923: 3922: 3920: 3918: 3903: 3897: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3877: 3871: 3865: 3859: 3853: 3847: 3841: 3835: 3829: 3823: 3817: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3754: 3748: 3742: 3736: 3730: 3724: 3723:, pp. 96–97 3718: 3709: 3703: 3697: 3691: 3685: 3684:, pp. 63–65 3679: 3673: 3667: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3601: 3600:, pp. 25–33 3595: 3589: 3583: 3577: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3553: 3547: 3541: 3535: 3529: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3502: 3496: 3490: 3484: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3460: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3427: 3421: 3415: 3409: 3403: 3397: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3364: 3358: 3352: 3351:, pp. 89–91 3346: 3335: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3305: 3299: 3298:, pp. 77–79 3293: 3284: 3283:, pp. 22–24 3278: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3259:, pp. 63–65 3254: 3248: 3247:, pp. 51–52 3242: 3236: 3235:, pp. 46–47 3230: 3224: 3223:, pp. 39–42 3218: 3212: 3211:, pp. 27–28 3206: 3200: 3199: 3192: 3186: 3185:, pp. 22–23 3180: 3174: 3173:, pp. 13–17 3168: 3162: 3156: 3150: 3144: 3138: 3132: 3126: 3120: 3114: 3108: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3084: 3075: 3069: 3040:Order of Kutuzov 3036: 3021: 3006: 2991: 2976: 2961: 2946: 2931: 2916: 2901: 2886: 2871: 2856: 2841: 2822: 2807: 2792: 2777: 2762: 2741: 2726: 2712: 2692: 2686: 2679: 2672: 2655: 2638: 2632: 2625: 2618: 2594: 2573: 2559: 2545: 2525: 2519: 2512: 2495: 2494: 2477:31 January 1953 2466: 2446: 2426: 2417:13 January 1944 2406: 2386: 2377:3 December 1942 2366: 2357:2 February 1942 2346: 2326: 2306: 2286: 2266: 2246: 2230:First lieutenant 2226: 2207:First lieutenant 2203: 2132: 2131: 2104:Death and legacy 2023:To Hell and Back 1911:Alfred Gruenther 1900:military attaché 1575:Harry C. Butcher 1564:Frederick Morgan 1385:Frederick Morgan 1318:European theater 1272:Thomas B. Larkin 1268:defeat in detail 1215:, Major General 1205:Arthur Coningham 1174:Harold Alexander 1170:Lloyd Fredendall 1104:Alfred Gruenther 1083:Harold Macmillan 984:Washington, D.C. 970:Washington, D.C. 943:Fort Leavenworth 883:Between the wars 843:first lieutenant 753:Ohio River flood 611:in 1911. During 588:in 1943, during 582:Tunisia Campaign 472: 459:Italian campaign 400: 385: 362: 360: 359: 344: 342: 341: 329:Military service 316: 294:Washington, D.C. 290: 269: 267: 255:Personal details 241: 229: 210: 187: 175: 122: 100: 88: 69: 60: 46: 32: 31: 6054: 6053: 6049: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6044: 6043: 5869: 5868: 5867: 5855: 5845: 5843: 5835: 5833: 5828: 5819: 5720:J. Reuben Clark 5681: 5676: 5646: 5641: 5579: 5569: 5564: 5455: 5445: 5440: 5218: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5168: 5163: 5110: 5106: 5101: 4993: 4984: 4950: 4941: 4933: 4918: 4909: 4901: 4886: 4877: 4869: 4854: 4845: 4837: 4797: 4792: 4783: 4781: 4757: 4755: 4676:10.2307/1988341 4626: 4587: 4585: 4556: 4534: 4532: 4480: 4442: 4411: 4394: 4389: 4379: 4377: 4368: 4367: 4363: 4359:, 1954, p. 931. 4355: 4351: 4343: 4339: 4330: 4328: 4318: 4317: 4313: 4305: 4301: 4292: 4290: 4278: 4274: 4265: 4263: 4253: 4252: 4243: 4235: 4228: 4220: 4216: 4207: 4205: 4204:on 13 June 2007 4190: 4189: 4185: 4177: 4173: 4165: 4158: 4150: 4146: 4138: 4134: 4126: 4122: 4114: 4110: 4101: 4099: 4098:on 13 June 2007 4088: 4087: 4078: 4070: 4066: 4058: 4054: 4046: 4042: 4034: 4030: 4022: 4018: 4010: 4006: 3998: 3994: 3986: 3979: 3971: 3962: 3954: 3950: 3942: 3938: 3930: 3926: 3916: 3914: 3904: 3900: 3890: 3888: 3885:The Independent 3879: 3878: 3874: 3866: 3862: 3854: 3850: 3842: 3838: 3830: 3826: 3818: 3811: 3803: 3799: 3791: 3787: 3779: 3775: 3767: 3763: 3755: 3751: 3743: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3719: 3712: 3704: 3700: 3692: 3688: 3680: 3676: 3668: 3664: 3656: 3652: 3644: 3640: 3632: 3628: 3620: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3596: 3592: 3584: 3580: 3572: 3568: 3560: 3556: 3548: 3544: 3536: 3532: 3524: 3520: 3512: 3505: 3497: 3493: 3485: 3481: 3473: 3469: 3461: 3457: 3449: 3445: 3437: 3430: 3422: 3418: 3410: 3406: 3398: 3391: 3383: 3379: 3371: 3367: 3359: 3355: 3347: 3338: 3330: 3326: 3318: 3314: 3306: 3302: 3294: 3287: 3281:Schifferle 2010 3279: 3275: 3267: 3263: 3255: 3251: 3243: 3239: 3231: 3227: 3219: 3215: 3207: 3203: 3194: 3193: 3189: 3181: 3177: 3169: 3165: 3161:, pp. 9–10 3157: 3153: 3145: 3141: 3133: 3129: 3121: 3117: 3109: 3105: 3097: 3093: 3085: 3078: 3070: 3066: 3062: 3042:, First Class ( 2860:Legion of Honor 2781:Croix de guerre 2694: 2693: 2687: 2680: 2673: 2640: 2639: 2633: 2626: 2619: 2563:Legion of Merit 2527: 2526: 2520: 2513: 2493: 2337:30 August 1941 2277:1 January 1939 2130: 2122:Abilene, Kansas 2106: 2067:Cambridge Spies 2052:Timothy Bottoms 2037:The Longest Day 1990: 1988:Final positions 1969:Guatemalan coup 1927:president-elect 1923: 1785: 1732:James F. Byrnes 1725:Harry S. Truman 1717:Joseph McNarney 1701: 1696: 1677:General-Admiral 1670:Colonel General 1636:Ivan Susloparov 1620:Reichskommissar 1560:Ivan Susloparov 1462:21st Army Group 1458:12th Army Group 1435:21st Army Group 1357:as his deputy. 1355:Thomas J. Betts 1320: 1308:Pietro Badoglio 1182:Lucian Truscott 1055: 972: 967: 885: 784: 755:and during the 714: 596:(SHAEF) in the 527: 523: 519: 517:Legion of Merit 515: 511: 499: 468: 464:Operation Husky 447:Operation Torch 402:Infantry Branch 357: 355: 339: 337: 292: 288: 271: 265: 263: 239: 227: 211: 206: 199: 185: 173: 168: 145: 123: 118: 98: 86: 70: 65: 55: 37: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6052: 6042: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5941: 5936: 5931: 5926: 5921: 5916: 5911: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5866: 5865: 5853: 5830: 5829: 5822: 5820: 5818: 5817: 5812: 5807: 5802: 5797: 5795:Chester Bowles 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5715:Robert E. Olds 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5686: 5683: 5682: 5675: 5674: 5667: 5660: 5652: 5643: 5642: 5640: 5639: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5583: 5581: 5580:(1991–present) 5566: 5565: 5563: 5562: 5557: 5552: 5547: 5542: 5537: 5532: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5510: 5505: 5500: 5495: 5490: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5459: 5457: 5442: 5441: 5439: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5423: 5418: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5398: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5363: 5358: 5353: 5348: 5343: 5338: 5333: 5328: 5323: 5318: 5313: 5308: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5288: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5222: 5220: 5216:Russian Empire 5205: 5204: 5197: 5196: 5189: 5182: 5174: 5165: 5164: 5162: 5161: 5156: 5151: 5146: 5141: 5136: 5131: 5126: 5120: 5118: 5112: 5111: 5104: 5102: 5100: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5003: 5001: 4995: 4994: 4983: 4982: 4975: 4968: 4960: 4952: 4951: 4946: 4943: 4934: 4929: 4925: 4924: 4920: 4919: 4914: 4911: 4902: 4897: 4893: 4892: 4888: 4887: 4882: 4879: 4870: 4865: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4855: 4850: 4847: 4838: 4833: 4829: 4828: 4822: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4796: 4795:External links 4793: 4791: 4790: 4764: 4729: 4704: 4659: 4638: 4624: 4611: 4594: 4568: 4554: 4541: 4510: 4493: 4471: 4454: 4440: 4423: 4409: 4395: 4393: 4390: 4388: 4387: 4361: 4349: 4337: 4311: 4299: 4272: 4241: 4237:Crosswell 1991 4226: 4214: 4183: 4171: 4156: 4144: 4132: 4120: 4108: 4076: 4064: 4052: 4040: 4028: 4016: 4012:Crosswell 1991 4004: 3992: 3977: 3973:Crosswell 1991 3960: 3948: 3944:Crosswell 1991 3936: 3932:Crosswell 1991 3924: 3898: 3872: 3860: 3848: 3836: 3824: 3820:Crosswell 1991 3809: 3797: 3793:Crosswell 1991 3785: 3773: 3761: 3757:Crosswell 1991 3749: 3737: 3733:Crosswell 1991 3725: 3710: 3698: 3686: 3674: 3662: 3658:Crosswell 1991 3650: 3646:Crosswell 1991 3638: 3626: 3622:Crosswell 1991 3614: 3602: 3590: 3586:Crosswell 1991 3578: 3574:Crosswell 1991 3566: 3554: 3550:Crosswell 1991 3542: 3530: 3526:Crosswell 1991 3518: 3503: 3491: 3487:Crosswell 1991 3479: 3475:Crosswell 1991 3467: 3455: 3451:Crosswell 1991 3443: 3428: 3424:Crosswell 1991 3416: 3412:Crosswell 1991 3404: 3389: 3387:, pp. 6–7 3377: 3365: 3361:Crosswell 1991 3353: 3349:Crosswell 1991 3336: 3324: 3320:Crosswell 1991 3312: 3300: 3296:Crosswell 1991 3285: 3273: 3269:Crosswell 1991 3261: 3257:Crosswell 1991 3249: 3245:Crosswell 1991 3237: 3233:Crosswell 1991 3225: 3221:Crosswell 1991 3213: 3209:Crosswell 1991 3201: 3187: 3183:Crosswell 1991 3175: 3171:Crosswell 1991 3163: 3159:Crosswell 1991 3151: 3149:, pp. 7–9 3147:Crosswell 1991 3139: 3137:, pp. 6–7 3135:Crosswell 1991 3127: 3115: 3103: 3091: 3089:, pp. 3–7 3087:Crosswell 1991 3076: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3055: 3054: 3048: 3047: 3037: 3029: 3028: 3022: 3014: 3013: 3007: 2999: 2998: 2992: 2984: 2983: 2977: 2969: 2968: 2962: 2954: 2953: 2947: 2939: 2938: 2932: 2924: 2923: 2917: 2909: 2908: 2902: 2894: 2893: 2887: 2879: 2878: 2872: 2864: 2863: 2857: 2849: 2848: 2842: 2834: 2833: 2830:Czechoslovakia 2823: 2815: 2814: 2808: 2800: 2799: 2793: 2785: 2784: 2778: 2770: 2769: 2763: 2755: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2742: 2734: 2733: 2727: 2719: 2718: 2713: 2705: 2704: 2695: 2681: 2674: 2667: 2666: 2665: 2662: 2661: 2656: 2648: 2647: 2641: 2627: 2620: 2613: 2612: 2611: 2608: 2607: 2601: 2600: 2595: 2587: 2586: 2580: 2579: 2574: 2566: 2565: 2560: 2552: 2551: 2546: 2538: 2537: 2528: 2514: 2507: 2506: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2492: 2489: 2486: 2485: 2479: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2467: 2459: 2458: 2457:1 August 1951 2455: 2452: 2447: 2439: 2438: 2437:1 August 1945 2435: 2432: 2427: 2419: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2407: 2399: 2398: 2395: 2392: 2387: 2379: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2367: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2347: 2339: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2327: 2319: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2307: 2299: 2298: 2295: 2292: 2287: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2267: 2259: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2247: 2239: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2227: 2219: 2218: 2215: 2209: 2204: 2196: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2184: 2180: 2179: 2176: 2173: 2170: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2146: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2129: 2126: 2105: 2102: 2072:Charles Napier 2062:John Guerrasio 2032:Alexander Knox 1989: 1986: 1922: 1919: 1915:four-star rank 1784: 1781: 1734:to become the 1700: 1697: 1695: 1692: 1688:François Sevez 1597:6th Army Group 1540:John C. H. Lee 1499:, General Sir 1489:Bertram Ramsay 1487:, Admiral Sir 1443:Bertram Ramsay 1397:Harold R. Bull 1319: 1316: 1296:United Nations 1194:Kenneth Strong 1106:and Brigadier 1077:, Admiral Sir 1073:, General Sir 1054: 1051: 980:Chief of Staff 971: 968: 966: 963: 884: 881: 816:North Carolina 806:, part of the 783: 780: 776:Roman Catholic 713: 710: 574:chief of staff 550: 549: 546: 545: 542: 536: 535: 505: 501: 500: 498: 497: 496: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 474: 473: 466: 456: 455: 454: 449: 434: 433: 432: 421: 419: 415: 414: 409: 405: 404: 394: 390: 389: 379: 375: 374: 371: 367: 366: 353: 352:Branch/service 349: 348: 335: 331: 330: 326: 325: 322: 318: 317: 310: 306: 305: 302: 298: 297: 291:(aged 65) 285: 281: 280: 270:5 October 1895 261: 257: 256: 252: 251: 248: 247: 242: 236: 235: 230: 224: 223: 218: 214: 213: 203: 202: 194: 193: 188: 182: 181: 176: 170: 169: 167: 166: 161: 155: 153: 147: 146: 144: 143: 138: 132: 130: 126: 125: 115: 114: 107: 106: 101: 95: 94: 89: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 62: 61: 52: 51: 48: 47: 39: 38: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6051: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5940: 5937: 5935: 5932: 5930: 5927: 5925: 5922: 5920: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5864: 5859: 5854: 5852: 5842: 5841: 5838: 5826: 5816: 5813: 5811: 5808: 5806: 5803: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5765:James E. Webb 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5740:Sumner Welles 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5687: 5684: 5680: 5673: 5668: 5666: 5661: 5659: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5588: 5585: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5573: 5567: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5551: 5548: 5546: 5543: 5541: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5530: 5526: 5524: 5521: 5519: 5516: 5514: 5511: 5509: 5506: 5504: 5501: 5499: 5496: 5494: 5491: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5460: 5458: 5454: 5449: 5443: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5427: 5424: 5422: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5412: 5409: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5399: 5397: 5394: 5392: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5364: 5362: 5359: 5357: 5354: 5352: 5349: 5347: 5344: 5342: 5339: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5292: 5289: 5287: 5284: 5282: 5279: 5277: 5274: 5272: 5269: 5267: 5264: 5262: 5259: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5249: 5247: 5244: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5221: 5217: 5212: 5206: 5202: 5195: 5190: 5188: 5183: 5181: 5176: 5175: 5172: 5160: 5157: 5155: 5152: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5132: 5130: 5127: 5125: 5122: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5113: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5017:Hillenkoetter 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4981: 4976: 4974: 4969: 4967: 4962: 4961: 4958: 4949: 4940: 4939: 4932: 4926: 4921: 4917: 4908: 4907: 4900: 4894: 4889: 4885: 4876: 4875: 4868: 4862: 4857: 4853: 4844: 4843: 4836: 4830: 4825: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4806: 4802: 4799: 4798: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4765: 4753: 4749: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4736: 4730: 4726: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4647: 4646: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4621: 4617: 4612: 4608: 4604: 4600: 4595: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4575: 4569: 4565: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4547: 4542: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4517: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4499: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4479: 4478: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4443: 4437: 4432: 4431: 4424: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4406: 4402: 4397: 4396: 4375: 4371: 4365: 4358: 4353: 4346: 4341: 4327: 4323: 4322: 4315: 4308: 4303: 4289: 4288: 4283: 4276: 4262: 4258: 4257: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4238: 4233: 4231: 4224:, p. 266 4223: 4222:Montague 1992 4218: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4194: 4187: 4180: 4179:Montague 1992 4175: 4169:, p. 232 4168: 4167:Montague 1992 4163: 4161: 4153: 4152:Montague 1992 4148: 4141: 4140:Montague 1992 4136: 4129: 4128:Montague 1992 4124: 4117: 4116:Montague 1992 4112: 4097: 4093: 4092: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4073: 4072:Montague 1992 4068: 4061: 4060:Montague 1992 4056: 4049: 4048:Montague 1992 4044: 4037: 4036:Montague 1992 4032: 4025: 4024:Montague 1992 4020: 4013: 4008: 4002:, p. 334 4001: 3996: 3989: 3988:Montague 1992 3984: 3982: 3974: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3957: 3952: 3945: 3940: 3933: 3928: 3913: 3909: 3902: 3886: 3882: 3876: 3869: 3864: 3858:, p. 690 3857: 3852: 3846:, p. 689 3845: 3840: 3834:, p. 378 3833: 3828: 3821: 3816: 3814: 3806: 3805:Montague 1992 3801: 3795:, p. 281 3794: 3789: 3783:, p. 534 3782: 3777: 3770: 3765: 3758: 3753: 3746: 3741: 3735:, p. 235 3734: 3729: 3722: 3717: 3715: 3707: 3702: 3695: 3690: 3683: 3678: 3671: 3670:Harrison 1951 3666: 3660:, p. 214 3659: 3654: 3648:, p. 236 3647: 3642: 3635: 3630: 3624:, p. 213 3623: 3618: 3611: 3606: 3599: 3594: 3587: 3582: 3576:, p. 188 3575: 3570: 3563: 3558: 3551: 3546: 3539: 3534: 3528:, p. 163 3527: 3522: 3516:, p. 573 3515: 3510: 3508: 3500: 3495: 3489:, p. 200 3488: 3483: 3476: 3471: 3464: 3459: 3453:, p. 142 3452: 3447: 3440: 3435: 3433: 3426:, p. 140 3425: 3420: 3413: 3408: 3401: 3396: 3394: 3386: 3381: 3374: 3373:Montague 1992 3369: 3362: 3357: 3350: 3345: 3343: 3341: 3333: 3328: 3321: 3316: 3309: 3304: 3297: 3292: 3290: 3282: 3277: 3270: 3265: 3258: 3253: 3246: 3241: 3234: 3229: 3222: 3217: 3210: 3205: 3197: 3191: 3184: 3179: 3172: 3167: 3160: 3155: 3148: 3143: 3136: 3131: 3124: 3119: 3112: 3107: 3100: 3095: 3088: 3083: 3081: 3074:, p. 300 3073: 3068: 3064: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3038: 3035: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3023: 3020: 3016: 3015: 3011: 3008: 3005: 3001: 3000: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2986: 2985: 2981: 2978: 2975: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2963: 2960: 2956: 2955: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2941: 2940: 2936: 2933: 2930: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2911: 2910: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2888: 2885: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2873: 2870: 2866: 2865: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2851: 2850: 2846: 2843: 2840: 2836: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2809: 2806: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2794: 2791: 2787: 2786: 2782: 2779: 2776: 2772: 2771: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2757: 2756: 2753: 2746: 2743: 2740: 2736: 2735: 2731: 2728: 2725: 2721: 2720: 2717: 2714: 2711: 2707: 2706: 2703: 2702:service stars 2699: 2696: 2691: 2685: 2678: 2671: 2664: 2663: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2650: 2649: 2645: 2642: 2637: 2631: 2624: 2617: 2610: 2609: 2606: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2589: 2588: 2585: 2578: 2575: 2572: 2568: 2567: 2564: 2561: 2558: 2554: 2553: 2550: 2547: 2544: 2540: 2539: 2536: 2532: 2529: 2524: 2518: 2511: 2504: 2503: 2500: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2465: 2460: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2445: 2440: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2430:Major general 2428: 2425: 2420: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2405: 2400: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2380: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2370:Major general 2368: 2365: 2360: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2345: 2340: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2320: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2300: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2280: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2260: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2240: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2220: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2197: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2185: 2181: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2140: 2137: 2134: 2133: 2128:Dates of rank 2125: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2101: 2099: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2088: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2073: 2069: 2068: 2063: 2059: 2058: 2053: 2049: 2048: 2043: 2039: 2038: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2024: 2018: 2016: 2011: 2006: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1985: 1983: 1979: 1975: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1959: 1954: 1952: 1949:to partition 1948: 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1918: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1901: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1874: 1870: 1868: 1864: 1859: 1857: 1853: 1847: 1845: 1841: 1840:Sidney Souers 1836: 1834: 1833:World War III 1830: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1813: 1808: 1806: 1802: 1794: 1789: 1780: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1769:stomach ulcer 1766: 1762: 1756: 1752: 1750: 1745: 1739: 1737: 1733: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1705: 1691: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1678: 1674: 1671: 1667: 1666: 1660: 1658: 1653: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1621: 1616: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1587: 1586:Arthur Tedder 1583: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1571:Kay Summersby 1569: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1493:Arthur Tedder 1490: 1486: 1481: 1477: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1446: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1427: 1425: 1421: 1417: 1413: 1412:Norfolk House 1408: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1393:Ray W. Barker 1390: 1386: 1381: 1379: 1375: 1367: 1362: 1358: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1315: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1290: 1289: 1284: 1280: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1255: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1237: 1234: 1229: 1225: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1213:Arthur Tedder 1211: 1206: 1203: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1135: 1133: 1128: 1124: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1112:Major General 1109: 1108:John Whiteley 1105: 1101: 1096: 1092: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1072: 1071:Arthur Tedder 1068: 1064: 1059: 1050: 1046: 1043: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 992: 989: 988:Major General 985: 981: 977: 974:When General 962: 959: 954: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 923: 921: 917: 913: 909: 908:45th Infantry 905: 901: 898: 894: 890: 880: 878: 874: 870: 865: 863: 859: 855: 850: 848: 844: 840: 835: 833: 829: 828:Brest, France 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 805: 804:39th Infantry 801: 797: 793: 789: 779: 777: 772: 770: 767:. During the 766: 762: 758: 754: 750: 746: 742: 737: 735: 731: 727: 721: 719: 709: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 686: 684: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 647: 645: 642: 638: 634: 630: 629:staff officer 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 601: 599: 595: 591: 587: 583: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 556: 547: 543: 541: 537: 534: 532: 526: 522: 518: 514: 509: 506: 502: 494: 491: 489: 486: 484: 481: 479: 476: 471: 467: 465: 462: 461: 460: 457: 453: 450: 448: 445: 444: 443: 440: 439: 438: 435: 431: 428: 427: 426: 423: 422: 420: 416: 413: 410: 406: 403: 399: 395: 391: 388: 384: 380: 376: 372: 368: 365: 354: 350: 347: 346:United States 336: 332: 327: 323: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 299: 295: 287:9 August 1961 286: 282: 278: 274: 262: 258: 253: 249: 246: 243: 237: 234: 231: 225: 222: 219: 215: 209: 204: 201: 195: 192: 189: 183: 180: 177: 171: 165: 162: 160: 157: 156: 154: 152: 148: 142: 139: 137: 134: 133: 131: 127: 121: 116: 113: 108: 105: 102: 96: 93: 90: 84: 81: 78: 74: 68: 63: 59: 53: 49: 45: 40: 33: 30: 26: 22: 5774: 5755:Dean Acheson 5750:Joseph Grew 5695:Norman Davis 5527: 5487: 5453:Soviet Union 5391:Breckinridge 5021: 4936: 4916:Allen Dulles 4904: 4872: 4852:Alan G. Kirk 4840: 4782:. Retrieved 4769: 4756:. Retrieved 4752:the original 4734: 4708: 4667: 4663: 4644: 4615: 4598: 4586:. Retrieved 4573: 4545: 4533:. Retrieved 4529:the original 4515: 4497: 4476: 4458: 4429: 4400: 4378:. Retrieved 4374:the original 4364: 4356: 4352: 4344: 4340: 4329:, retrieved 4320: 4314: 4302: 4291:, retrieved 4287:The Guardian 4285: 4275: 4264:, retrieved 4255: 4217: 4206:, retrieved 4202:the original 4193:Walter Smith 4192: 4186: 4174: 4147: 4135: 4123: 4111: 4100:, retrieved 4096:the original 4090: 4067: 4055: 4050:, p. 62 4043: 4031: 4026:, p. 55 4019: 4007: 3995: 3951: 3939: 3927: 3915:. Retrieved 3911: 3901: 3889:. Retrieved 3884: 3875: 3863: 3851: 3839: 3827: 3807:, p. 59 3800: 3788: 3776: 3764: 3752: 3740: 3728: 3708:, p. 58 3701: 3689: 3677: 3665: 3653: 3641: 3636:, p. 71 3629: 3617: 3612:, p. 64 3605: 3593: 3581: 3569: 3557: 3545: 3540:, p. 11 3533: 3521: 3494: 3482: 3470: 3458: 3446: 3441:, p. 62 3419: 3407: 3402:, p. 33 3380: 3375:, p. 82 3368: 3363:, p. 98 3356: 3327: 3322:, p. 82 3315: 3310:, p. 71 3303: 3276: 3271:, p. 76 3264: 3252: 3240: 3228: 3216: 3204: 3190: 3178: 3166: 3154: 3142: 3130: 3118: 3113:, p. 22 3106: 3094: 3067: 3051: 2751: 2604: 2583: 2498: 2482: 2434:Regular Army 2394:Regular Army 2314:Regular Army 2274:Regular Army 2254:Regular Army 2234:Regular Army 2212:Regular Army 2167: 2107: 2095: 2085: 2075: 2065: 2055: 2045: 2042:Edward Binns 2035: 2028:Audie Murphy 2021: 2019: 2007: 1991: 1972:chairman of 1955: 1924: 1904: 1896: 1891:Allen Dulles 1883:Frank Wisner 1879: 1860: 1848: 1837: 1823:invasion of 1821:North Korean 1809: 1798: 1773:malnutrition 1758: 1754: 1748: 1740: 1710: 1663: 1661: 1640:Soviet Union 1619: 1617: 1605: 1590: 1548: 1544: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1510: 1485:Omar Bradley 1466: 1447: 1428: 1409: 1405:Roger Lumley 1382: 1371: 1321: 1300:Nazi Germany 1286: 1276: 1256: 1241: 1232: 1198: 1178:Omar Bradley 1159: 1136: 1119: 1115:Humfrey Gale 1088: 1047: 1038: 1034:Vivian Dykes 1015: 1007:Orlando Ward 973: 965:World War II 955: 924: 893:aide de camp 886: 866: 851: 847:Regular Army 836: 785: 773: 738: 722: 715: 687: 648: 602: 590:World War II 557: 553: 528: 437:World War II 418:Battles/wars 289:(1961-08-09) 273:Indianapolis 245:Alan G. Kirk 240:Succeeded by 221:Harry Truman 207: 191:Allen Dulles 186:Succeeded by 164:Allen Dulles 136:Harry Truman 119: 99:Succeeded by 66: 29: 5884:1961 deaths 5879:1895 births 5800:George Ball 5710:Joseph Grew 5456:(1933–1991) 5219:(1780–1917) 5047:Schlesinger 4670:(1): 6–14. 4535:4 September 3990:, p. 6 3956:Ziemke 1974 3385:Snyder 1984 3334:, p. 7 3332:Snyder 1984 3308:Watson 1950 3123:Urseth 2010 3111:Urseth 2010 3099:Urseth 2010 2700:with seven 2317:4 May 1941 2149:No insignia 2092:J.D. Cannon 2090:(1986) and 2082:Don Fellows 2050:(1970) and 1935:U.S. Senate 1825:South Korea 1673:Alfred Jodl 1624:Netherlands 1606:During the 1454:Jullouville 1366:Ruth Briggs 1347:Alan Brooke 1217:Carl Spaatz 1202:Air Marshal 1132:hatchet man 916:Philippines 856:, based at 820:World War I 812:Camp Greene 782:World War I 667:Netherlands 651:hatchet man 613:World War I 521:Bronze Star 425:World War I 228:Preceded by 174:Preceded by 87:Preceded by 5873:Categories 5690:Frank Polk 5473:Steinhardt 5276:Cambreleng 5012:Vandenberg 4942:1953–1954 4910:1950–1953 4878:1949–1950 4846:1946–1948 4392:References 4000:Smith 1950 3917:28 January 3891:28 January 3832:Pogue 1954 3781:Pogue 1954 3769:Pogue 1954 3745:Pogue 1954 3721:Pogue 1954 3706:Pogue 1954 3694:Pogue 1954 3682:Pogue 1954 3634:Pogue 1954 3610:Pogue 1954 3598:Pogue 1954 3439:Pogue 1954 3027:(Tunisia) 2768:(Belgium) 1829:Korean War 1652:Achterveld 1495:, General 1469:Versailles 1431:Portsmouth 1420:Bushy Park 1389:James Robb 1252:Royal Navy 1065:. General 869:Camp Dodge 712:Early life 531:more below 412:First Army 334:Allegiance 266:1895-10-05 5851:Biography 5592:Pickering 5406:McCormick 5396:Hitchcock 5351:Stoughton 5286:Ingersoll 5246:Middleton 4784:30 August 4758:20 August 4725:642824859 4717:2097/4219 4700:477921470 4684:0026-3931 4634:461324087 4588:31 August 4380:31 August 4331:31 August 4293:31 August 4266:31 August 4208:31 August 4102:31 August 3514:Howe 1957 3499:Howe 1957 3463:Howe 1957 3400:Howe 1957 2533:with two 2141:Component 1956:In 1953, 1632:Amsterdam 1622:) of the 1601:companies 1536:U.S. Army 1283:Gibraltar 1098:staff at 763:and then 641:President 373:1911–1953 309:Signature 217:President 208:In office 129:President 120:In office 76:President 67:In office 5863:Politics 5632:Sullivan 5627:Huntsman 5602:Vershbow 5535:Stoessel 5518:Thompson 5508:Thompson 5488:W. Smith 5483:Harriman 5478:Standley 5421:Rockhill 5381:C. Smith 5311:Appleton 5256:Buchanan 5251:Randolph 5241:Campbell 5139:Petraeus 4989:and the 4779:81869288 4748:19679393 4564:22707456 4525:22126862 4506:23304011 4489:78600975 4450:22273487 4419:33862161 3912:BBC News 3868:Lee 1966 3856:Lee 1966 3844:Lee 1966 3044:U.S.S.R. 2483:Sources: 2178:to 1917 2135:Insignia 2100:(1979). 2080:(1989), 2070:(2003), 2040:(1962), 1765:Fort Jay 1744:Cold War 1684:Red Army 1593:platoons 1513:Ardennes 1450:Normandy 1332:Normandy 1298:against 1242:For the 765:sergeant 761:corporal 584:and the 408:Commands 321:Nickname 110:4th 5837:Portals 5597:Collins 5587:Strauss 5560:Strauss 5555:Matlock 5550:Hartman 5463:Bullitt 5436:Francis 5371:Lothrop 5326:C. Clay 5321:Cameron 5316:C. Clay 5306:Pickens 5301:Seymour 5266:J. Clay 5261:Wilkins 5236:Pinkney 5144:Brennan 5134:Panetta 5082:Woolsey 5072:Webster 4807:of the 4803:in the 4692:1988341 4607:1247005 3052:Source: 2470:General 2450:General 2330:Colonel 2250:Captain 2168:Various 2153:Private 1951:Vietnam 1694:Postwar 1568:Captain 1515:or the 1439:Admiral 1407:(G-5). 1343:General 1250:of the 1155:mosaics 1127:Algiers 1003:colonel 920:captain 914:in the 845:in the 822:, from 747:of the 741:private 665:in the 607:in the 605:private 564:of the 562:officer 555:General 544:0-10197 387:General 277:Indiana 5617:McFaul 5612:Beyrle 5545:Watson 5513:Kohler 5503:Bohlen 5498:Kennan 5468:Davies 5416:Riddle 5356:Foster 5341:Jewell 5331:Curtin 5271:Dallas 5154:Haspel 5149:Pompeo 5129:Hayden 5087:Deutch 5062:Turner 5037:Raborn 5032:McCone 5027:Dulles 5007:Souers 4777: 4746: 4723: 4698: 4690: 4682: 4655:421156 4653: 4632: 4622: 4605: 4583:596887 4581: 4562: 4552: 4523: 4504: 4487: 4467:396186 4465: 4448: 4438: 4417: 4407: 2047:Patton 1713:Clichy 1517:Vosges 1414:at 31 1279:Lisbon 1123:London 947:Kansas 504:Awards 361: 343: 324:Beetle 301:Spouse 296:, U.S. 279:, U.S. 151:Deputy 5637:Tracy 5622:Tefft 5607:Burns 5431:Marye 5426:Guild 5411:Meyer 5401:Tower 5386:White 5346:Boker 5296:Brown 5291:Bagby 5231:Adams 5159:Burns 5092:Tenet 5077:Gates 5067:Casey 5052:Colby 5042:Helms 5022:Smith 4688:JSTOR 4481:(PDF) 3060:Notes 2270:Major 2162:1911 2144:Date 1474:Reims 1151:villa 958:major 798:as a 675:Reims 659:Dutch 56:18th 5540:Toon 5529:Dubs 5523:Beam 5493:Kirk 5376:Tree 5366:Taft 5361:Hunt 5281:Todd 5226:Dana 5124:Goss 5097:Goss 5057:Bush 4786:2010 4775:OCLC 4760:2010 4744:OCLC 4721:OCLC 4696:OCLC 4680:ISSN 4651:OCLC 4630:OCLC 4620:ISBN 4603:OCLC 4590:2010 4579:OCLC 4560:OCLC 4550:ISBN 4537:2010 4521:OCLC 4502:OCLC 4485:OCLC 4463:OCLC 4446:OCLC 4436:ISBN 4415:OCLC 4405:ISBN 4382:2010 4333:2010 4295:2010 4268:2010 4210:2010 4104:2010 3919:2021 3893:2021 2138:Rank 1980:and 1727:and 1675:and 1441:Sir 1437:and 1326:for 1281:via 1180:and 1016:The 873:Iowa 393:Unit 378:Rank 284:Died 260:Born 5336:Orr 4809:ZBW 4713:hdl 4672:doi 2120:in 2094:in 2084:in 2074:in 2064:in 2054:in 2044:in 2034:in 1978:RCA 1668:), 1134:." 941:at 929:at 910:at 895:to 810:at 673:in 576:at 572:'s 540:ASN 510:(3) 5875:: 4742:. 4719:. 4694:. 4686:. 4678:. 4668:48 4666:. 4628:. 4558:. 4444:. 4413:. 4324:, 4284:, 4259:, 4244:^ 4229:^ 4196:, 4159:^ 4079:^ 3980:^ 3963:^ 3910:. 3883:. 3812:^ 3713:^ 3506:^ 3431:^ 3392:^ 3339:^ 3288:^ 3079:^ 3046:) 2832:) 2124:. 1984:. 1945:, 1835:. 1642:, 1626:, 1577:, 1426:. 1196:. 1117:. 945:, 871:, 849:. 814:, 275:, 5839:: 5671:e 5664:t 5657:v 5193:e 5186:t 5179:v 4979:e 4972:t 4965:v 4788:. 4762:. 4727:. 4715:: 4702:. 4674:: 4657:. 4636:. 4609:. 4592:. 4566:. 4539:. 4508:. 4491:. 4469:. 4452:. 4421:. 4384:. 3921:. 3895:. 3198:. 533:) 529:( 268:) 264:( 27:.

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Knowledge

Walter Bedell Smith

Index