William Lyon Mackenzie King

3102: 3775: 2306:, appealed repeatedly to King for Canadian support in the crisis. King coldly replied that the Canadian Parliament would decide what policy to follow, making clear it would not be bound by London's suggestions. King wrote in his diary of the British appeal: "I confess it annoyed me. It is drafted designedly to play the imperial game, to test out centralization versus autonomy as regards European wars...No contingent will go without parliament being summoned in the first instance". The British were disappointed with King's response but the crisis was soon resolved, as King had anticipated. After Chanak, King was concerned about the possibility that Canada might go to war because of its connections with Britain, writing to 3628: 118: 3055: 3145:'s declaration. In 1939, King asserted Canada's autonomy and convened the House of Commons on September 7, nearly a month ahead of schedule, to discuss the government's intention to enter the war. King affirmed Canadian autonomy by saying that the Canadian Parliament would make the final decision on the issue of going to war. He reassured the pro-British Canadians that Parliament would surely decide that Canada would be at Britain's side if Great Britain was drawn into a major war. At the same time, he reassured those who were suspicious of British influence in Canada by promising that Canada would not participate in British colonial wars. His 3358:, which began to remove their personal rights. Starting on December 8, 1941, 1,200 Japanese-Canadian-owned fishing vessels were impounded as a "defence measure." On January 14, 1942, the federal government passed an order calling for the removal of male Japanese nationals between 18 and 45 years of age from a designated protected area of 100 miles inland from the British Columbia coast, enacted a ban against Japanese-Canadian fishing during the war, banned shortwave radios and controlled the sale of gasoline and dynamite to Japanese Canadians. Japanese nationals removed from the coast after the January 14 order were sent to road camps around 3799:. Some historians argue that he sought personal reassurance from the spirit world, more than political advice. After his death, one of his mediums said that she had not realized that he was a politician. King did inquire whether his party would win the 1935 election, one of the few times politics came up during his seances. However Allan Levine argues that sometimes he did pay attention to the political implications of his seances: "All of his spiritualist experiences, his other superstitions and his multi-paranoid reactions imprinted on his consciousness, shaping his thoughts and feelings in a thousand different ways." 4136: 4190: 4147: 4234: 4163: 4327: 2524:, but was slow to respond to the mounting crisis. He felt that the crisis was a temporary swing of the business cycle and that the economy would soon recover without government intervention. Critics said he was out of touch. Just prior to the election, King carelessly remarked that he "would not give a five-cent piece" to Tory provincial governments for unemployment relief. The opposition made this remark a catch-phrase; the main issue was the deterioration in the economy and whether the prime minister was out of touch with the hardships of ordinary people. The Liberals lost the 1144: 4142: 2660:

1939, compulsory contributions for pensions for low-income widows and orphans were introduced (although these only covered the regularly employed) while depressed farmers were subsidized from that same year onwards. In 1944, family allowances were introduced. King had various arguments in favour of family allowances, one of which, as noted by one study, was that family allowances "would mean better food, clothing and medical and dental care for children in low-income families." From 1948 the federal government subsidized medical services in the provinces.

4216: 3727: 4038: 13519: 13474: 1905:. It went over the heads of most readers, but revealed the practical idealism behind King's political thinking. He argued that capital and labour were natural allies, not foes, and that the community at large (represented by the government) should be the third and decisive party in industrial disputes. He expressed derision for syndicates and trades unions, chastising them for aiming at the "destruction by force of existing organization, and the transfer of industrial capital from the present possessors" to themselves. 3114: 4168: 4348: 4158: 4306: 2819:(CBC), which was a crown corporation. The CBC had a better organizational structure, more secure funding through the use of a licence fee on receiving sets (initially set at $ 2.50), and less vulnerability to political pressure. When Bennett's Conservatives were governing and the Liberals were in Opposition, the Liberals accused the network of being biased towards the Conservatives. During the 1935 election campaign, the CRBC broadcast a series of 15 minutes soap operas called 2129:, for example, was initially planned to be a civic plaza to balance the nearby federal presence of Parliament Hill and was turned into a war memorial. The Great War monument was not installed until the 1939 royal visit, and King intended that the replanning of the capital would be the World War I memorial. However, the symbolic meaning of the World War I monument gradually expanded to become the place of remembrance for all Canadian war sacrifices and includes a war memorial. 10648: 2937: 13531: 4451: 2275: 13543: 10484: 2204: 4477: 2255: 4503: 4425: 4396: 13605: 3885: 2553: 10494: 4532: 13622: 13588: 2396: 1971: 13639: 1867: 1705: 5251: 2360:, founded in 1909, to further promote Canadian autonomy from Britain. The new department took some time to develop, but over time it significantly increased the reach and projection of Canadian diplomacy. Prior to this, Canada had relied on British diplomats who owed their first loyalty to London. After the King–Byng episode, King recruited many high-calibre people for the new venture, including future prime minister 3028: 3763: 13571: 9407: 13462: 1879: 2584:. King also denounced the "blank cheques" parliament was asked to approve for relief and delayed the passage of these bills despite the objections of some Liberals who feared the public might conclude that the Liberals had no sympathy for those struggling. Each year, after the throne speech and the budget, King introduced amendments that blamed the depression on Bennett's policy of high tariffs. 45: 3467: 1555:. King had three siblings: older sister Isabel "Bella" Christina Grace (1873–1915), younger sister Janet "Jennie" Lindsey (1876–1962) and younger brother Dougall Macdougall "Max" (1878–1922). Within his family, he was known as Willie; during his university years, he adopted W. L. Mackenzie King as his signature and began using Mackenzie as his preferred name with those outside the family. 3078: 2990:. Anglophones stood behind Britain and were willing to fight Germany. King, who served as his own secretary of state for external affairs (foreign minister), said privately that if he had to choose he would not be neutral, but he made no public statement. All of Canada was relieved that the Munich Agreement, while sacrificing the sovereignty of Czechoslovakia, seemed to bring peace. 2492: 3554:. However, they were able to govern with a working majority with the support of eight "Independent Liberal" MPs (most of whom did not run as official Liberals because of their opposition to conscription). The Liberals' decline in support was partly attributed to the introduction of conscription, which was unpopular in many parts of Canada. As King was defeated in his own riding of 1894:; he faced criticism for not serving in Canada's military and instead working for the Rockefellers. But he was nearly 40 years old when the war began, and was not in good physical condition. He never gave up his Ottawa home, and travelled to the United States on an as-needed basis, performing service to the war effort by helping to keep war-related industries running smoothly. 3856:

Canadian society. His strength was apparent when he synthesized, built support for, and passed measures that had reached a level of broad national support. Advances in the welfare state were an example. His successors, especially Diefenbaker, Pearson, and Trudeau built the welfare state which he had advanced during the Second World War into the modern cradle-to-grave system.

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to the so-called 'imperial solidarity' as any attempt at interference in questions of purely domestic concern. If membership within the British Commonwealth means participation by the Dominions in any and every war in which Great Britain becomes involved, without consultation, conference, or agreement of any kind in advance, I can see no hope for an enduring relationship.

13507: 1579: 3296:. He held it despite the ongoing war, unlike Britain, which formed a government of national unity and did not hold a wartime election. King won a second consecutive landslide victory, winning 179 seats – 6 more than in 1935. This was the Liberals' most successful result as of 2023 (in terms of proportion of seats). The 2508:

farmers "at rates of interest and under terms not obtainable from the usual sources," while other measures were carried out such as preventative measures against foot and mouth disease and the establishment of grading standards "to assist in the marketing of agricultural products" both at home and overseas. In addition, the

2125:. King's greatest impact was as the political champion for the planning and development of Ottawa, Canada's national capital. His plans, much of which were completed in the two decades after his death, were part of a century of federal planning that repositioned Ottawa as a national space in the City Beautiful style. 4270: 1817:, which he had shaped during his civil and parliamentary service. The legislation significantly improved the financial situation for millions of Canadian workers. In 1910 Mackenzie King introduced a bill aimed at establishing an 8-hour day on public works but it was killed in the Senate. He lost his seat in the 1967:(1876–1941), later King's long-time lieutenant in Quebec. King could not speak French, but in election after election for the next 20 years (save for 1930), Lapointe produced the critical seats to give the Liberals control of the Commons. When campaigning in Quebec, King portrayed Lapointe as co-prime minister. 2016:, winning a narrow majority of 118 out of 235 seats. The Conservatives won 50, the newly formed Progressive Party won 58 (but declined to form the official Opposition), and the remaining ten seats went to Labour MPs and Independents; most of these ten supported the Progressives. King became prime minister. 3231:, and providing combat troops for the invasions of Italy, France and Germany in 1943–45. King proved highly successful in mobilizing the economy for war, with impressive results in industrial and agricultural output. The depression ended, prosperity returned, and Canada's economy expanded significantly. 4056:

was King's boyhood home. The estate has over 4.65 hectares of garden and parkland for exploring and relaxing, and the house has been restored to reflect life during King's era. There is a MacKenzie King Public School in the Heritage Park neighbourhood in Kitchener. Kitchener was known as Berlin until

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Scholars attribute King's long tenure as party leader to his wide range of skills that were appropriate to Canada's needs. King kept a very candid diary from 1893, when he was still an undergraduate, until a few days before his death in 1950; the volumes, stacked in a row, span a length of over seven

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heroes within whom good and evil were struggling. He thought that good would eventually triumph and Hitler would redeem his people and lead them to a harmonious, uplifting future. These spiritual attitudes not only guided Canada's relations with Hitler but gave the prime minister the comforting sense

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Over the next thirteen years, a wide range of reforms similar to those association with the New Deal were realized during Mackenzie King's last period in office as prime minister. In 1937, the age for blind persons to qualify for old-age pensions was reduced to 40 in 1937, and later to 21 in 1947. In

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The office of Minister of Employment and Immigration, and Minister of Labour were abolished and the office of Minister of Human Resources Development went in force on July 12, 1996. Under the new provisions, a Minister of Labour may be appointed. However, when no Minister of Labour is appointed, the

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interests were kept secret during his years in office, and only became publicized after his death when his diaries were opened. Readers were amazed and for some, King was saddled with the moniker "Weird Willie." King communed with spirits, using seances with paid mediums. Thereby, he claimed to have

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The provincial governments faced declining revenues and higher welfare costs. They needed federal grants and loans to reduce their deficits. In a December 1935 conference with the premiers, King announced that the federal grants would be increased until the spring of 1936. At this stage, King's main

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Trade Agreement. It marked the turning point in Canadian-American economic relations, reversing the disastrous trade war of 1930–31, lowering tariffs, and yielding a dramatic increase in trade. More subtly, it revealed to the prime minister and President Roosevelt that they could work together well.

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Anything like centralization in London, to say nothing of a direct or indirect attempt on the part of those in office in Downing Street to tell the people of the Dominions what they should or should not do, and to dictate their duty in matters of foreign policy, is certain to prove just as injurious

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scandal, this time in the Department of Customs, was revealed, which led to more support for the Conservatives and Progressives, and the possibility that King would be forced to resign, if he lost sufficient support in the Commons. King had no personal connection to this scandal, although one of his

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King had a long-standing concern with city planning and the development of the national capital, since he had been trained in the settlement house movement and envisioned town planning and garden cities as a component of his broader program of social reform. He drew on four broad traditions in early

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During his first term of office, from 1921 to 1926, King sought to lower wartime taxes and, especially, wartime ethnic and labour tensions. "The War is over", he argued, "and for a long time to come it is going to take all that the energies of man can do to bridge the chasm and heal the wounds which

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in New York City, to head its new Department of Industrial Research. It paid $ 12,000 per year, compared to the meagre $ 2,500 per year the Liberal Party was paying. He worked for the Foundation until 1918, forming a close working association and friendship with Rockefeller, advising him through the

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King's father was a lawyer with a struggling practice in a small city, and never enjoyed financial security. His parents lived a life of shabby gentility, employing servants and tutors they could scarcely afford, although their financial situation improved somewhat following a move to Toronto around

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Quebec provincial government in 1939 and the Liberals' re-election in the 1940 election. But after the fall of France in 1940, Canada introduced conscription for home service (conscription meant for the defence of Canada only). Only volunteers were to be sent overseas. King wanted to avoid a repeat

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the broad powers of removing people from any protected area in Canada, but was meant for Japanese Canadians on the Pacific coast in particular. On February 25, the federal government announced that Japanese Canadians were being moved for reasons of national security. In all, some 27,000 people were

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for the second time. King began his years as Opposition leader convinced that his government did not deserve defeat and that his government's financial caution helped the economy prosper. He blamed the financial crisis on the speculative excesses of businessmen and on the weather cycle. King argued

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King never married, but had several close female friends, including Joan Patteson, a married woman with whom he spent some of his leisure time; sometimes she served as hostess at his dinner parties. He did not have a wife who could be the hostess all the time and handle the many social obligations

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in 1943 – technically North American soil and therefore not "overseas" – but the mix of Canadian volunteers and draftees found that the Japanese troops had fled before their arrival. Otherwise, King continued with a campaign to recruit volunteers, hoping to address the problem with the shortage of

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King's policy was to refrain from offering advice or alternative policies. Indeed, his policy preferences were not much different from Bennett's, and he let the Conservative government have its way. Though he gave the impression of sympathy with progressive and liberal causes, he had no enthusiasm

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wrote, "Mackenzie King has continued to intrigue Canadians. Critics argue that his political longevity was achieved by evasions and indecision, and that he failed to provide creative leadership. His defenders argue that he gradually changed Canada, a difficult country to govern, while keeping the

3263:) threatened to resign if Duplessis won re-election, claiming that no one would be left to stand up for Quebec in the Cabinet if conscription become an issue again. In his diary, King called Duplessis "diabolic" and a "little Hitler", believing Duplessis's aim was to provoke such a crisis between 2075:

gradually gained influence and power, and King was able to reach an accommodation with him on policy matters. In any event, the Progressive caucus lacked the party discipline that was traditionally enforced by the Liberals and Conservatives. The Progressives had campaigned on a promise that their

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The Liberal Party was deeply divided by Quebec's opposition to conscription and the agrarian revolt in Ontario and the Prairies. Levin argues that when King returned to politics in 1919, he was a rusty outsider with a weak base facing a nation bitterly split by language, regionalism and class. He

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to his middle-of-the-road liberalism. Indeed, he came close to writing off the region with his comment that the prairie dust bowl was "part of the U.S. desert area. I doubt if it will be of any real use again." Instead he paid more attention to the industrial regions and the needs of Ontario and

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program was instituted in August 1940 under the King government after a constitutional amendment was agreed to by all of the Canadian provinces, to concede to the federal government legislative power over unemployment insurance. New Brunswick, Alberta and Quebec had held out against the federal

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Measures were also carried out to support farmers. In 1922, for instance, a measure was introduced and passed "restoring the Crow's Nest Pass railways rates on grain and flour moving eastwards from the prairie provinces." A Farm Loan Board was set up to provide rural credit; advancing funds to

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says, "King had made 'Parliament will decide' his maxim, and he trotted it out whenever he wished to avoid a decision." King was keenly sensitive to the nuances of public policy; he was a workaholic with a shrewd and penetrating intelligence and a profound understanding of the complexities of

2905:, believed this would harm the Liberal Party's electoral chances in Quebec. King and his English-Canadian ministers accepted Lapointe's view; as King wrote in his diary in July 1938, "we were prepared to accept what really should not, in the name of liberalism, be tolerated for one moment." 2973:

The world will yet come to see a very great man–mystic in Hitler ... I cannot abide in Nazism – the regimentation – cruelty – oppression of Jews – attitude towards religion, etc., but Hitler ... will rank some day with Joan of Arc among the deliverers of his

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the ownership of the crown lands within those provinces, as well as the subsoil rights; these in particular would become increasingly important, as petroleum and other natural resources proved very abundant. In collaboration with the provincial governments, he inaugurated a system of

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King studied law and political economy in the 1890s and became concerned with issues of social welfare. He later obtained a PhD – the only Canadian prime minister to have done so. In 1900, he became deputy minister of the Canadian government's new Department of Labour. He entered the

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On June 24, 1940, King's government presented the first $ 1 billion budget in Canadian history. It included $ 700 million in war expenses compared to $ 126 million in the 1939–1940 fiscal year; however, due to the war, the overall economy was the strongest in Canadian history.

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that the worst mistake Canada could react to the Depression was to raise tariffs and restrict international trade. He believed that over time, voters would learn that they had been deceived by Bennett and would come to appreciate the King government's policy of frugality and

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government of Quebec, which justified the decision on their interpretation that King was acting merely as a host for the meeting between Roosevelt and Churchill. Canadian federalists, however, accused the government of Quebec of trying to advance their own political agenda.

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stated that the United Kingdom would have a seat at the table or be a signatory to any agreement Canada was part of. King argued the situation only concerned Canada and the United States. After, the British accepted King's intentions to send a separate Canadian diplomat to

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argues that King's wartime policies, "may not have been exciting or satisfying, but they were effective and successful. That is why, practically alone among wartime governments, his continued to enjoy public support after as well as during the Second World War." Historian

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with the United States. The treaty annually prohibited commercial fishing from November 16 to February 15; violation would result in seizure. The agreement was notable in which Canada negotiated it without a British delegate at the table and without ratification from the

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Quitting the Rockefeller Foundation in February 1918, King became an independent consultant on labour issues for the next two years, earning $ 1,000 per week from leading American corporations. Even so, he kept his official residence in Ottawa, hoping for a call to duty.

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King lacked a commanding presence or oratorical skills; he did not shine on the radio or in newsreels. There was scant charisma. Cold and tactless in human relations, he had allies but very few close personal friends. His allies were annoyed by his constant intrigues.

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of 1938 made provision for the building of low-rent housing. Another Housing Act was later passed in 1944 with the intention of providing federally guaranteed loans or mortgages to individuals who wished to repair or construct dwellings through their own initiative.

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reported that, while he had "the greatest respect for" and "hesitated to disagree with" the RCMP, "every law enforcement agency in this province, including ... the military officials charged with local internal security, are unanimous that a grave menace exists."

2056:. King faced a delicate balancing act of reducing tariffs enough to please the Prairie-based Progressives, but not so much as to alienate his vital supporters in industrial Ontario and Quebec, who perceived tariffs were necessary to compete with American imports. 11195: 11120: 11110: 11105: 11100: 11095: 11090: 11085: 11070: 11065: 11060: 11055: 11050: 11045: 11040: 11035: 11030: 11025: 11020: 11015: 11010: 11005: 11000: 1165: 2094:

immigration to Canada. Immigration from most countries was controlled or restricted in some way, but only the Chinese were completely prohibited from immigrating. This was after various members of the federal and some provincial governments (especially

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During the war, Canada rapidly expanded its diplomatic missions abroad. While Canada hosted two major Allied conferences in Quebec in 1943 and 1944, neither King nor his senior generals and admirals were invited to take part in any of the discussions.

2383:. King asserted Canadian autonomy against the British government's attempts to turn the Commonwealth into an alliance. His biographer asserts that "in this struggle Mackenzie King was the constant aggressor". The Canadian High Commissioner to Britain, 2846:

in 1939. It was created to produce and distribute films serving the national interest and was intended specifically to make Canada better known both domestically and internationally. Gierson was appointed the first film commissioner in October 1939.

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outmaneuvered more senior competitors by embracing Laurier's legacy, championing labour interests, calling for welfare reform, and offering solid opposition to the Conservative rivals. When Laurier died in 1919, King was elected leader in the first

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in 1920, he wrote in his diary, "I thought of the New Day, the New Social Order. It seems like Heaven's prophecy of the dawn of a new era, revealed to me." Pragmatism played a role as well, since his party depended for its survival on the votes of

1716:, a publication that explored complex labour issues. Later that year, he was appointed as deputy minister of the Canadian government's new Department of Labour, and became active in policy domains from Japanese immigration to railways, notably the 3691:

was held on July 22, 1948, and 52.3 percent of voters decided that Newfoundland should enter Canada. After, Smallwood negotiated the terms of entry with King. Newfoundland entered Confederation on March 31, 1949, becoming Canada's tenth province.

6685: 1606:, which included a number of these individuals (two future Ontario Supreme Court Justices and the future chairman of the university itself). It encouraged debate on political ideas. He also was simultaneously a part of the Literary Society with 9238:

1999 34(1): 93–111; argues Lapointe guided the more imperialist Mackenzie King through three explosive situations: the Ethiopian crisis of 1935, the Munich crisis of 1938, and the formulation of Ottawa's 'no-neutrality-no-conscription' pact in

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years, King retired from politics in late 1948. He died of pneumonia in mid-1950. King's personality was complex; biographers agree on the personal characteristics that made him distinctive. He lacked the charisma of such contemporaries as

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on the issue, asking the nation to relieve him of the commitment he had made during the election campaign. In the House of Commons on June 10, 1942, he said that his policy was "not necessarily conscription but conscription if necessary".

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examined King's secret life in detail, argued that King did not allow his beliefs to influence his decisions on political matters. Stacey wrote that King entirely gave up his interests in the occult and spiritualism during World War II.

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metres and comprise over 50,000 manuscript pages of typed transcribed text. One biographer called these diaries "the most important single political document in twentieth-century Canadian history," for they explain motivations of the

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Some historians have interpreted passages in his diaries as suggesting that King regularly had sexual relations with prostitutes. Others, also basing their claims on passages of his diaries, have suggested that King was in love with

1164: 1770:, British Columbia. Following the investigation King reported that white women were also opium users, not just Chinese men, and the federal government used the report to justify the first legislation outlawing narcotics in Canada. 2969:

of a higher mission, that of helping to lead Hitler to peace. King commented in his journal that "he is really one who truly loves his fellow-men, and his country, and would make any sacrifice for their good". King forecast that:

9301: 3153:, promised French Canadians that the government would not introduce conscription for overseas service; individual participation would be voluntary. These promises made it possible for Parliament to agree almost unanimously to 2503:

Reductions in taxation were carried out such as exemptions under the sales tax on commodities and enlarged exemptions of income tax, while in 1929 taxes on cables, telegrams, and railway and steamship tickets were removed.

1504:. Cold and tactless in human relations, he lacked oratorical skill and his personality did not resonate with the electorate. He had many political allies but very few close personal friends. He kept secret his beliefs in 6011: 3382:

detained without charge or trial, and their property confiscated. Others were deported to Japan. King and his Cabinet received conflicting intelligence reports about the potential threat from the Japanese. Major General

2532:. The popular vote was very close between the two parties, with the Liberals actually earning more votes than in 1926, but the Conservatives had a geographical advantage that turned into enough seats to give a majority. 6516: 3477:

French Canadians voted against conscription, with over 70 percent opposed, but an overwhelming majority – over 80 percent – of English Canadians supported it. French and English conscripts were sent to fight in the

2243:, ceased to be subordinate to the United Kingdom. Thus, the governor general ceased to represent the British government and was solely the personal representative of the sovereign while becoming a representative of 2696:'s theory that governments could increase employment by spending during times of low private investment. In a politically motivated move, King accepted their arguments and hence ran deficits in both 1938 and 1939. 1672:

left him in charge one afternoon with instructions to fire King if he showed up. When Hewitt sat at the editor's desk, King showed up a few minutes later and resigned before Hewitt could tell him he was fired.

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allowed King to continue leading Canada through the war. He mobilized Canadian money, supplies, and volunteers to support Britain while boosting the economy and maintaining morale on the home front. To satisfy

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Agreement, which was signed in Ottawa in December 1939, binding Canada, Britain, New Zealand and Australia to a program that eventually trained half the airmen from those four nations in the Second World War.

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MP's would represent their constituents first. King used this to his advantage, as he could always count on at least a handful of Progressive MPs to shore up his near-majority position for any crucial vote.

2615:) to the underprivileged, speaking of a new era where "poverty and adversity, want and misery are the enemies which liberalism will seek to banish from the land". Once again, King appointed himself as 8762: 1163: 3704:(held exactly 29 years after King became Liberal leader) picked St. Laurent, King's personal choice, as the new leader of the Liberal Party. Three months later, on November 15, King retired after 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11170: 11165: 11160: 11155: 11150: 11145: 11140: 11135: 11130: 11125: 11115: 11080: 11075: 9460: 2933:

that Canada would only go to war if Britain were directly attacked, and that if the British were to become involved in a continental war then Chamberlain was not to expect Canadian support.

13694: 2196:, Arthur Meighen, to form government. Although the Conservatives held more seats in the House than any other party, they did not control a majority. They were soon themselves defeated on a 4152: 3718:

years as prime minister. King was the longest-serving prime minister in Canadian history; he also served in the most parliaments (six, in three non-consecutive periods) as prime minister.

2573:(which Bennett eventually tried to emulate, after floundering without solutions for several years), and he never advocated massive government action to alleviate the Depression in Canada. 13789: 13719: 1692:. While at the University of Chicago, he participated on their track team as a half-mile runner. He earned an MA in political economy from Harvard in 1898. In 1909, Harvard granted him a 9298: 1696:

degree for a dissertation titled "Publicity and Public Opinion as Factors in the Solution of Industrial Problems in Canada." He is the only Canadian Prime Minister to have earned a PhD.

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farmers, who favoured a board that would give them a guaranteed minimum price, with the federal government covering any losses. Facing a public campaign to keep the board, King and his

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For the first time in his political career, King led an undisputed Liberal majority government. Upon his return to office in October 1935, he seemed to demonstrate a commitment (like

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evaluates the King government's economic performance. He reports, "Canada's economic management was generally judged the most successful of all the countries engaged in the war."

2897:), which intimidated labour leaders by threatening to lock up their offices for any alleged communist activities. King's government, which had already repealed the section of the 13784: 6019: 3524:, he accepted it as these measures aligned with his concern for people struggling financially. There were political motives too; the Liberals needed to compete with the rising 2166:

own appointees was at the heart of it. Opposition leader Meighen unleashed his fierce invective towards King, stating he was hanging onto power "like a lobster with lockjaw".`

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Labour Legislation in Canada A Historical Outline of the Principal Dominion and Provincial Labour Laws, August, 1945 By Canada. Department of Labour. Legislation Branch, 1945

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Until 1909, the office of the minister of Labour was a secondary function of the Postmaster-General of Canada. W. L. M. King was the first to hold the office independently.

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children's poem, which reads "William Lyon Mackenzie King / He sat in the middle and played with string / He loved his mother like anything / William Lyon Mackenzie King."

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Gordon, David L.A.; Osborne, Brian S. (October 2004). "Constructing national identity in Canada's capital, 1900–2000: Confederation Square and the National War Memorial".

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King's government introduced the National Employment Commission in 1936. As for the unemployed, King was hostile to federal relief. However, the first compulsory national

8790: 3193:, in August 1940 that provided for the close cooperation of Canadian and American forces, despite the fact that the U.S. remained officially neutral until the bombing of 13804: 13734: 13709: 3951:

Following the publication of King's diaries in the 1970s, several fictional works about him were published by Canadian writers. These included Elizabeth Gourlay's novel

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Sugiman, Pamela. "Life is Sweet: Vulnerability and Composure in the Wartime Narratives of Japanese Canadians". Journals of Canadian Studies. Winter 2009: 186-218, 262.

1731:. Harper dove into the water to try to save her, and perished in the attempt. King led the effort to raise a memorial to Harper, which resulted in the erection of the 1621:

in London, England. He played a central role in fomenting a students' strike at the university in 1895. He was in close touch, behind the scenes, with Vice-Chancellor

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on September 9. On September 10, King, through his high commissioner in London, issued a request to King George VI, asking him, in his capacity as King of Canada, to

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in 1897, all from the university. While studying in Toronto he met a wide circle of friends, many of whom became prominent. He was an early member and officer of the

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notes, "the scholars expressed little admiration for King the man but offered unbounded admiration for his political skills and attention to Canadian unity." King is

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by conscripts posted in British Columbia, but the war ended a few months later. In all, 12,908 conscripts were sent to fight abroad, though only 2,463 saw combat.

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and began mobilizing on August 25, 1939, with full mobilization on September 1, 1939, the day Germany invaded Poland. In 1914, Canada was at war by virtue of King

2149:. King held onto power with the support of the Progressives. A corruption scandal discovered late in his first term involved misdeeds around the expansion of the 2044:

Despite prolonged negotiations, King was unable to attract the Progressives into his government, but once Parliament opened, he relied on their support to defeat

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Under King's administration, the Canadian government, responding to strong public opinion, especially in Quebec, refused to expand immigration opportunities for

1859:, which subsequently set the stage for a new era in labour management in America. King became one of the earliest expert practitioners in the emerging field of 3756: 2692:

for 1938. However, some colleagues, to King's surprise, opposed that idea and instead favoured job creation to stimulate the economy, citing British economist

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largely on the issue of the right of Canadians to govern themselves and against the interference of the Crown. The Liberal Party was returned to power with a

1633:. King failed to gain his immediate objective, a teaching position at the university but earned political credit with Mulock, the man who would invite him to 9410: 6545: 1166: 13689: 2251:. On September 14, King and his party won the election with a plurality of seats in the Commons: 116 seats to the Conservatives' 91 in a 245-member House. 7247: 12137: 10314: 3616:

dealt decisively with this crisis, the first of its type in Canada's history. St. Laurent succeeded King as external affairs minister in September 1946.

1236: 5360: 2823:

which were critical of King and the Liberal Party. Decried as political propaganda, the incident was one factor in King's decision to replace the CRBC.

2219:, which bolstered King's position on the issue and the position of the Prime Minister generally. King later pushed for greater Canadian autonomy at the 13714: 6813: 5445: 3610: 3324: 3288:

passed a resolution criticizing King's government for not fighting the war "in the vigorous manner the people of Canada desire to see", King dissolved

2463:

In domestic affairs, King strengthened the Liberal policy of increasing the powers of the provincial governments by transferring to the governments of

1996:

Members of Parliament, many of whom who represented farmers in Ontario and the Prairies. He convinced many Progressives to return to the Liberal fold.

1195: 262: 103: 12501: 11278: 10530: 7699:

Fujiwara, Aya. "Japanese-Canadian Internally Displaced Persons:Labour Relations and Ethno-Religious Identity in Southern Alberta, 1942–1953. Page 65

4015:

in downtown Ottawa, built following World War II, is named in his honour to recognize his contributions to the land planning of the city of Ottawa.

3774: 3137:"negotiated in Munich with Adolf Hitler in September 1938, Mackenzie King, Canada's Prime Minister, grew agitated." King realized the likelihood of 2591:

arrived, the Bennett government was heavily unpopular due to their handling of the depression. Using the slogan "King or Chaos", the Liberals won a

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that he tried to downplay. Editor Charles Bowman reports that, "He felt the lack of a wife, particularly when social duties called for a hostess."

3701: 3118: 2960:. Possessing a religious yearning for direct insight into the hidden mysteries of life and the universe, and strongly influenced by the operas of 2756:

in 1935, he accepted its operation. However, by 1938, the board had sold its holdings and King proposed returning to the open market. This angered

1960: 1521: 1512:

to stay in contact with departed associates and particularly with his mother, and allowed his intense spirituality to distort his understanding of

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Kobayashi, Audrey. "The Japanese-Canadian redress settlement and its implications for ‘race relations’" Canadian Ethnic Studies. Vol. 24, Issue 1.

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told Ottawa, "I cannot see that the Japanese Canadians constitute the slightest menace to national security." In contrast, BC's attorney general,

1219:, he was the dominant politician in Canada from the early 1920s to the late 1940s. King is best known for his leadership of Canada throughout the 13769: 2918: 6218: 3944:

King left no published political memoirs, although his private diaries were extensively detailed. His main published work remains his 1918 book

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and Queen Elizabeth—throughout their 1939 cross-Canada tour, as well as on their American visit, a few months before the start of World War II.

8024: 3370:

from the American coastline. A historian of internment, Ann Sunahara, argues that "the American action sealed the fate of Japanese Canadians."

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Sunahara, Ann. "The Politics of Racism: The Uprooting of Japanese Canadians During the Second World War." Toronto: J, Larimer, 1981. Pg 47-48.

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in May 1939 provided against refusal to hire, or dismissal, "solely because of a person's membership in a lawful trade-union or association".

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in 1944. In November 1944, the government decided it was necessary to send conscripts for the war. This led to a brief political crisis (see

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was passed, which safeguarded the rights of workers to join unions while requiring employers to recognize unions chosen by their employees.

1941:, which focused almost entirely on the conscription issue. Unable to overcome a landslide against Laurier, King lost in the constituency of 1143: 13739: 13356: 12849: 12494: 10805: 8598: 6981: 4613: 3902: 2337: 2180:

In June 1926, King, facing a House of Commons vote connected to the customs scandal that could force his government to resign, advised the

13774: 12114: 10031: 8707: 6790: 953: 6864:

Pennanen, Gary (March 1997). "Battle of the Titans: Mitchell Hepburn, Mackenzie King, Franklin Roosevelt, and the St. Lawrence Seaway".

3675:, stating, "Newfoundlanders are no strangers to Canada, nor are Canadians strangers to Newfoundland." Pro-Confederation Newfoundlanders 13679: 12517: 11264: 10565: 9841: 9781: 9721: 9636: 8125: 3555: 2541: 2193: 2192:

that a request for dissolution was refused; and, to date, the only time the governor general of Canada has done so. Byng instead asked

818: 356: 7764: 6586: 3220: 62: 13577: 13360: 4031: 3868: 3331:, a leading Quebec lawyer, to enter the House of Commons and to take over Lapointe's role. St. Laurent became King's right-hand man. 2831: 2142: 2009: 1746:

While deputy minister of labour, King was appointed to investigate the causes of and claims for compensation resulting from the 1907

1307: 1156: 7637: 5155:

Blackburn, Robert H. (1988). "Mackenzie King, William Mulock, James Mavor, and the University of Toronto Students' Revolt of 1895".

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The Federal Home Improvement Plan of 1937 provided subsidized rates of interest on rehabilitation loans to 66,900 homes, while the

193: 2512:

was aimed at safeguarding consumers and producers from exploitation. A Fair Wages and Eight Hours Day Act was introduced in 1930.

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Minister of Human Resources Development shall exercise the powers and perform the duties and functions of the Minister of Labour.

10307: 9975: 9452: 9338: 5301: 3011:. King's government was widely criticized for its antisemitic policies and refusal to admit Jewish refugees. Most famously, when 2372:. This project was a key element of his overall strategy, setting Canada on a course independent of Britain, of former colonizer 2357: 2185: 1822: 8055: 7528:

The Second Quebec Conference Revisited: Waging War, Formulating Peace: Canada, Great Britain, and the United States in 1944–1945

3300:

party, the Conservatives, won the same number of seats as R. B. Bennett did in the 1935 election. King's relationship with

1329:

and call an election. Byng refused and instead invited the Conservatives to form government, who briefly held office but lost a

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Macfarlane, John. "Double Vision: Ernest Lapointe, Mackenzie King and the Quebec Voice in Canadian Foreign Policy, 1935–1939,"

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1890, where King lived with them for several years in a duplex on Beverley Street while studying at the University of Toronto.

1286:

King established a post-war agenda that lowered wartime taxes, moderately reduced tariffs, and developed the national capital,

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Franklin Roosevelt and the Origins of the Canadian-American Security Alliance, 1933–1945: Necessary, but Not Necessary Enough

7283: 7214: 7189: 7092: 6908: 6668: 6555: 6501: 6384: 5650: 5622: 5079: 4910: 3459: 3316: 2436: 2188:, to dissolve Parliament and call another election. Byng, however, declined the Prime Minister's request – the first time in 1807: 7526:

J. L. Granatstein, "Happily on the Margins: Mackenzie King and Canada at the Quebec Conferences," in David B. Woolner, ed.,

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reactor becoming operational in 1947; at the time, NRX was the only operational nuclear reactor outside the United States.

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goal was to have a federal system in which each level of government would pay for its programs out of its own tax sources.

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After the war, King quickly dismantled wartime controls. Unlike World War I, press censorship ended with the hostilities.

3219:, despite Canada's major role in supplying food, raw materials, munitions, and money to the hard-pressed British economy, 2768:, reluctantly extended the board's life and offered a minimum price that would protect the farmers from further declines. 2650:

government's desire to amend the constitution but ultimately acceded to its request, Alberta being the last to do so. The

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of 1942 provided an impetus to the provinces to set up facilities for postsecondary vocational training, and in 1948 the

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Courtney, John C. (March 1976). "Prime Ministerial Character: An Examination of Mackenzie King's Political Leadership".

13809: 13754: 13684: 12365: 10669: 10575: 10487: 10300: 4239: 1199: 886: 808: 107: 6736: 5532:

Cooper, Barry (1978–1979). "On Reading Industry and Humanity: a Study in the Rhetoric Underlying Liberal Management".

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Throughout his tenure, King led Canada from a dominion with responsible government to an autonomous nation within the

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and occult activities a penchant for forging unities from antitheses, thus having latent political import. Historian

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With his health declining, King declared in May 1948 that he would not be Liberal leader going in the next election.

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based on need and removed taxes on cables, telegrams, and railway and steamship tickets. King's slow reaction to the

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Particularly after the fall of France in June 1940, Canadian food exports provided an essential lifeline to Britain.

6247:

Mackenzie King, by Norman McLeod Rogers; a revised and extended edition of a biographical sketch by John Lewis, 1925

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Boucher, Marc T. (1985–1986). "The Politics of Economic Depression: Canadian-American Relations in the Mid-1930s".

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to once again enter Canada. Ukrainian immigration resumed after restrictions were put in place during World War I.

1641:

only five years later. While studying at the University of Toronto, King also contributed to the campus newspaper,

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Courtney, John C. (1976). "Prime Ministerial Character: An Examination of Mackenzie King's Political Leadership".

3734:

King had plans to write his memoirs. However, he did not enjoy a lengthy retirement and died on July 22, 1950, at

3590:

such as Canada should be given an influence on the UN based on their contributions to the settlement of disputes.

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Section 91 was amended by adding in a heading designated Number 2A simply in the words "Unemployment Insurance".

2633: 1963:, defeating his three rivals on the fourth ballot. He won thanks to the support of the Quebec bloc, organized by 1747: 1533: 1373: 9478: 9471: 9427: 7397: 5352: 4293:, the Right Honourable William Lyon Mackenzie King, P.C., C.M.G., would be awarded the medal as a member of the 4257:, The Right Honourable William Lyon Mackenzie King, P.C., C.M.G., would be awarded the medal as a member of the 2298:, while the Conservative leader, Arthur Meighen, supported Britain. King sought a Canadian voice independent of 1364:

The Conservative government's response to the depression was heavily unpopular, and King returned to power in a

12865: 10081: 9882: 9811: 9770: 7994: 6639: 3906: 3513: 3293: 2588: 2525: 2212: 2138: 2005: 1938: 1818: 1787: 1432: 1415: 1369: 1358: 1342: 1303: 1280: 1260: 1248: 13594: 11607: 8833: 8815: 5812: 4022:, near Ottawa, to the Government of Canada and most of the estate was incorporated into the federally managed 3627: 13296: 12148: 9907: 8763:"University of Toronto Honorary Degree Recipients : 1850–2016 : Sorted by Date of Degree Conferral" 5987: 4575: 4516: 3867:

King was ranked as the greatest Canadian Prime Minister by a survey of Canadian historians. King was named a

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to study the situation of the government's film production (which at that time was the responsibility of the

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motions from the Conservatives. King was opposed in some policies by the Progressives, who opposed the high

13704: 11472: 11320: 7476: 4974: 4294: 4258: 4121: 3632: 3378: 3374: 3297: 3244: 2785: 2681: 1191: 99: 2286:, first Canadian Envoy to the United States, at the Canadian Legation during a visit to Washington in 1927 13411: 13316: 12818: 11667: 11659: 11305: 10354: 10086: 9694: 9579: 9508: 9373: 9087: 9071:

Wardhaugh, Robert A. (1996). "A Marriage of Convenience? Mackenzie King and Prince Albert Constituency".

9020: 8972: 5670: 4806: 4490: 3492: 3455: 3440: 2452: 2263: 2248: 2224: 1993: 1795: 1311: 1272: 1252: 908: 687: 10091: 2499:, speaking on Parliament Hill during a ceremony celebrating the Diamond Jubilee of Confederation in 1927 1805:

King's term as minister of labour was marked by two significant achievements. He led the passage of the

13699: 13497: 12668: 12173: 11774: 11706: 10627: 4354: 4290: 4254: 3938: 3015:, an immigration official in King's party, was asked how many Jewish refugees Canada would admit after 2789: 2521: 2424: 2412: 2181: 2161:. The resulting press coverage damaged King's party in the election. Early in his second term, another 2146: 1813: 1354: 1319: 9440: 7556: 4796: 3597:

in alliance with the U.S. and Britain. He dealt with the espionage revelations of Soviet cipher clerk

1727:, died heroically during a skating party when a young woman fell through the ice of the partly frozen 11898: 11467: 10570: 9432: 7612: 6226: 4723: 4543: 3796: 3281: 2581: 1244: 66: 12183: 8032: 7329: 7011:

Keyserlingk, Robert H. (1985–1986). "Mackenzie King's Spiritualism and His View of Hitler in 1939".

5237: 3795:, his dead mother, his grandfather, and several of his dead dogs, as well as the spirit of the late 3054: 3019:, he replied "None is too many". This policy was wholly supported by King and his political allies. 3004:

and the United States, refused to allow entry for the 900 Jewish refugees aboard the passenger ship

11753: 11681: 10323: 10281: 10226: 10211: 10176: 10051: 9903: 9871: 9792: 9748: 9571: 9488: 8791:"Honorary Degrees Since 1702 | Office of the Secretary and Vice President for University Life" 8076: 7894:

Morton, Desmond A Military History of Canada, Toronto: McClelland & Stewart, 1999 page 223-224.

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such as the United States and the United Kingdom would dominate the organization, King argued that

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banning unlawful associations, considered disallowing this bill. However, King's cabinet minister,

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The Incredible Canadian: A Candid Portrait of Mackenzie King: His Works, His Times, and His Nation

5270:. University of Toronto Archives & Records Management Services. Toronto : The University. 5222:. University of Toronto Archives & Records Management Services. Toronto : The University. 5205:. University of Toronto Archives & Records Management Services. Toronto : The University. 5188:. University of Toronto Archives & Records Management Services. Toronto : The University. 5144:. University of Toronto Archives & Records Management Services. Toronto : The University. 4718: 3664:

living in Canada. On January 3, 1947, King received Canadian citizenship certificate number 0001.

3247:

to defeat anti-war Premier Maurice Duplessis's Union Nationale and ensure victory for the pro-war

1917:

In 1917, Canada was in crisis; King supported Liberal leader Wilfrid Laurier in his opposition to

12763: 12470: 12345: 11888: 10539: 10266: 10186: 10136: 10003: 9943: 9153: 9081:; He represented the safe Saskatchewan district 1926–45; his goal was to disarm the Progressives. 7870: 6761: 6474: 5947: 4568: 3979: 3895: 3803: 3643: 3636: 3387: 3071: 2765: 2529: 2444: 2420: 2122: 2067:, who joined King's cabinet in 1926 as Minister of Immigration and Colonization after becoming a 1930: 1839: 1783: 1643: 1552: 1505: 1330: 1267:

before briefly working as an industrial consultant. Following the death of Laurier in 1919, King

1216: 1075: 8606: 6989: 5585: 3458:. By 1942, the military was pressing King hard to send conscripts to Europe. In 1942, King held 1838:

After his defeat, King went on the lecture circuit on behalf of the Liberal Party. In June 1914

1235:

fully committed to world order. With a total of 21 years and 154 days in office, he remains the

12568: 12486: 12263: 12258: 12203: 12178: 11696: 10952: 10947: 10942: 10937: 10932: 10927: 10922: 10917: 10912: 10907: 10902: 10689: 10603: 10201: 10047: 9932: 9714: 9704: 9561: 7783: 7084:

How Silent Were the Churches?: Canadian Protestantism and the Jewish Plight during the Nazi Era

6782: 6477: 5945:

Marshall, Peter (September 2001). "The Balfour Formula and the Evolution of the Commonwealth".

4625: 4595: 4333: 4326: 4233: 4162: 4146: 3672: 3349: 3213: 2880: 2777: 2714: 2652: 2200:

on July 2. Meighen himself then requested a dissolution of Parliament, which Byng now granted.

1852: 1843: 1548: 1540: 1463: 1424: 1411: 1395: 1264: 988: 734: 475: 31: 12238: 8874: 8715: 8669: 8537: 8483: 8378: 8156: 7273: 7179: 7129: 7121: 6900: 4831: 3570:, resigned so that an August 6 by-election could be held, which was subsequently won by King. 13431: 12218: 12198: 12019: 11784: 11717: 11295: 10897: 10892: 10615: 10591: 10206: 10196: 10121: 10116: 9647: 9617: 8574: 8510: 8337: 7425: 7082: 6374: 6287: 4655: 4607: 4438: 4001: 3982:, which was attended by King, Roosevelt, and Churchill. The monument was commissioned by the 3373:

On February 24, the federal government passed order-in-council PC 1468 which allowed for the

3301: 3086: 3059: 2986:, Canadians were divided. Francophones insisted on neutrality, as did some top advisers like 2685: 2646: 2570: 2432: 2416: 2387:, claimed that an "anti-British bias" was "one of the most powerful factors in his make-up". 1677: 1587: 1493: 1383: 1346: 1334: 1110: 1090: 898: 853: 117: 9085:

Whitaker, Reginald (1978–1979). "Political Thought and Political Action in Mackenzie King".

8133: 5740: 5720: 4189: 4135: 4034:. The Farm and its grounds are located within Gatineau Park but are not open to the public. 13674: 13669: 13400: 13156: 12228: 11748: 11743: 11447: 11315: 10621: 10271: 10231: 10161: 9534: 9327:. 4 vols. Vol. 1: 1939–1944 and Vol. 2: 1944–1945 (University of Toronto Press, 1960); and 8251: 8130:

Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada – Former Prime Ministers and Their Grave Sites

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promised conscription. Bracken's promise was unpopular and it thus benefited the Liberals.

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to keep Duplessis from speaking on the radio. The Quebec Liberals won a landslide victory.

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in London of the prime ministers of every dominion, King informed Britain's Prime Minister

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North American planning: social planning, the Parks Movement, the City Scientific, and the

1860: 1779: 1751: 1693: 1387: 1338: 1295: 943: 90: 9345:(Ottawa: Queen's Printer, 1967–). These cover the period 1909–1960. (Often referred to as 7904: 3520:. Although King was hesitant for his government to expand its role in the economy and run 3352:

in December 1941, Japanese Canadians were categorized by Canada as enemy aliens under the

8: 12966: 12608: 11769: 11728: 11722: 11381: 11300: 10633: 10251: 10241: 10191: 10151: 10046: 8647: 4649: 4643: 4098: 4067: 3582:(UN) in 1945 and attended the opening meetings in San Francisco. Though he conceded that 3551: 3547: 3424: 3403:

during the war, moving into full-scale research in nuclear physics and commercial use of

3315:

to senior cabinet positions during the war. King also suffered two cabinet setbacks; his

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Promising a much-desired trade treaty with the U.S., the King government passed the 1935

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During this period, the Minister of Justice was the right hand man of the Prime Minister

5903: 5036: 13036: 12420: 12313: 12009: 11994: 11870: 11436: 10785: 10146: 10141: 10126: 9657: 9391: 9206: 9104: 8965: 8921: 8913: 8413: 7969: 7766:

The Politics of Racism: The Uprooting of Japanese Canadians During the Second World War

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Over time, the Progressives gradually weakened. Their effective and passionate leader,

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and served as president of the yearbook committee in 1896. King subsequently wrote for

1536: 1407: 1345:. After, King sought to make Canada's foreign policy more independent by expanding the 1318:. In 1926, facing a Commons vote that could force his government to resign, King asked 1119: 796: 9295:

Industry and Humanity: A Study in the Principles Under-Lying Industrial Reconstruction

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as a viable military power, while at the same time keeping it separate from Britain's

2349:, Britain accepted the Halibut Treaty, arguing it set a new precedent for the role of 1613:

King was especially concerned with issues of social welfare and was influenced by the

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The Government Party: Organizing and Financing the Liberal Party of Canada, 1930–1958

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Industry and Humanity: A Study in The Principles Underlying Industrial Reconstruction

5561: 5549: 5488: 5426: 5242: 5075: 5052: 4998: 4906: 4868: 4631: 4071: 4042: 4037: 4019: 3983: 3788: 3735: 3613: 3446: 3362:. Three weeks later, on February 19, 1942, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed 3328: 3216: 3146: 3090: 3067: 2964:(who was also Hitler's favourite composer), King decided Hitler was akin to mythical 2886: 2876: 2592: 2189: 2150: 1984: 1899:

Industry and Humanity: A Study in the Principles Underlying Industrial Reconstruction

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to the leadership of the Liberal Party. Taking the helm of a party torn apart by the

1215:

for three non-consecutive terms from 1921 to 1926, 1926 to 1930, and 1935 to 1948. A

976: 225: 11789: 7931: 5394:

Green, Melvyn (Winter 1979). "A History of Narcotics Control: The Formative Years".

3531:(CCF) for votes. In addition, King promised to commit one division of volunteers to 3271:

that Quebec would leave Confederation. King used the powers of censorship under the

1532:

King was born in a frame house rented by his parents at 43 Benton Street in Berlin (

1439:. In his final years in office, King and his government partnered Canada with other 13511: 13441: 13390: 13176: 13006: 12946: 12823: 12673: 12663: 12648: 12328: 12318: 12308: 12233: 12081: 12050: 11999: 11980: 11964: 11926: 11893: 11860: 11738: 11701: 11686: 11554: 11441: 11431: 11310: 10414: 10359: 9675: 9187: 9096: 8905: 7961: 7674: 7063: 7020: 6409: 5956: 5907: 5872: 5541: 5164: 5040: 4856: 4728: 4312: 3845: 3828: 3521: 3479: 3354: 3308:

was damaged due to Hepburn spearheading the resolution criticizing the war effort.

3305: 3273: 3106: 2987: 2983: 2835: 2757: 2677: 2577: 2485: 2477: 2400: 2365: 2350: 2236: 2154: 2096: 2072: 2028:

on 20 June 1922 and was sworn at Buckingham Palace on October 11, 1923, during the

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with a dedication to social reform based on his Christian duty. He never favoured

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Conscription in the Second World War, 1939–1945;: A study in political management

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Right Honourable Men: The Descent of Canadian Politics from MacDonald to Mulroney

8738:"The History of Queen's Graduation | Registrar & Financial Aid Services" 8207: 7832: 6953: 6768: 5612: 5414: 4833:

Right Honourable Men: The Descent of Canadian Politics from MacDonald to Mulroney

4589: 4464: 4102: 3860: 3824: 3792: 3767: 3661: 3517: 3359: 3174: 3150: 3113: 3012: 2936: 2902: 2689: 2342: 2109: 2053: 1964: 1902: 1871: 1848: 1799: 1736: 1638: 1539:), Ontario to John King and Isabel Grace Mackenzie. His maternal grandfather was 1440: 1391: 1256: 1053: 1036: 710: 12440: 12405: 11617: 2921:

inform the British government that if Britain went to war with Germany over the

2595:, winning 173 out of the Commons' 245 seats and reducing the Conservatives to a 2063:, resigned to return to his grain business, and was replaced by the more placid 13466: 13370: 13306: 13236: 13226: 13196: 13146: 13086: 13046: 13026: 12956: 12768: 12758: 12733: 12723: 12698: 12683: 12638: 12628: 12618: 12578: 12553: 12445: 12430: 12355: 12333: 12273: 12163: 12071: 11865: 11845: 11830: 11794: 11676: 11564: 11539: 11477: 11457: 11401: 11391: 11331: 11239: 10749: 10709: 10469: 10464: 10444: 10434: 10424: 10389: 10379: 10364: 10101: 10071: 9968: 9741: 9731: 9551: 9180:

Esberey, J.B. "Personality and Politics: A New Look at the King-Byng Dispute,"

5751: 4928: 4585: 4414: 4347: 4195: 4167: 4116: 4088:

A character who appeared twice in the popular 1990s Canadian television series

3956: 3840: 3680: 3579: 3496: 3383: 3268: 3202: 3130: 3040: 2979: 2961: 2856: 2800: 2481: 2440: 2384: 2361: 2328: 2307: 2283: 2240: 2091: 2045: 2013: 1791: 1622: 1607: 1599: 1299: 1099: 277: 12303: 8909: 7181:

Strangers at Our Gates: Canadian Immigration and Immigration Policy, 1540–1997

5960: 5911: 5044: 4860: 3197:

on December 7, 1941. During the war the Americans took virtual control of the

2838:

deserved an increased presence in Canadian theatres. This report prompted the

13658: 13523: 13478: 13246: 13136: 13076: 12996: 12876: 12808: 12793: 12748: 12603: 12593: 12558: 12475: 12455: 12425: 12415: 12385: 12283: 12253: 12248: 12034: 11936: 11840: 11592: 11569: 11513: 11411: 11386: 10795: 10780: 10399: 10374: 10256: 10106: 9834: 9802: 8870: 8512:

King: William Lyon Mackenzie King : a Life Guided by the Hand of Destiny

8296: 7032: 6877: 6762:

The Birth and Death of The Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission (1932–1936)

5890:

Gordon, David L.A. (2002). "William Lyon Mackenzie King, planning advocate".

5553: 4827: 4604:(October 1, 1924 – June 22, 1954; appointed as Chief Justice January 8, 1944) 4062: 4023: 4005: 3598: 3404: 3264: 3256: 2864: 2827: 2580:

as irresponsible, though didn't suggest his own idea of how budgets could be

2324: 2291: 2060: 1934: 1933:

government, a coalition controlled by the Conservatives under Prime Minister

1291: 1228: 461: 213: 10292: 9227: 7316:...only Woodsworth and two MPs from Quebec opposed participation in the war. 6710: 5168: 5020: 3978:

In 1998, there was controversy over King's exclusion from a memorial to the

3535:, the planned invasion of Japan scheduled for late 1945-early 1946, whereas 3327:, Ernest Lapointe, died in 1941. King successfully sought out the reluctant 2274: 2099:) put pressure on the federal government to discourage Chinese immigration. 1983:

Once King became the Liberal leader in 1919 he paid closer attention to the

13166: 12926: 12803: 12743: 12693: 12623: 12588: 12543: 12460: 12435: 12400: 12380: 12188: 12158: 12024: 11959: 11941: 11931: 11855: 11850: 11825: 11733: 11612: 11559: 10765: 10679: 10449: 9989: 9256:

Canada and the Age of Conflict: Volume 2: 1921–1948; the Mackenzie King Era

9252: 9143:

Canadian-American Relations in Wartime: From the Great War to the Cold War.

9127:. Canadian History Series. Vol. 5. Toronto, Ontario: Doubleday Canada. 8629: 8582: 4978: 4305: 4269: 4157: 4151: 4012: 3587: 3540: 3194: 3138: 3016: 3005: 2957: 2953: 2945: 2557: 2472: 2404: 2232: 2064: 1918: 1728: 1665: 1630: 1626: 1625:, for whom the strike provided a chance to embarrass his rivals Chancellor 1618: 1513: 1276: 1232: 10508: 8694:

Martin, Stanley: THE ORDER OF MERIT: One Hundred Years of Matchless Honour

8210:(1977). "King and the Historians". In English, John; Stubbs, J.O. (eds.). 7067: 5265: 5217: 5200: 5183: 5139: 2323:

stocks were depleting in Canadian and American fishing areas in the North

1290:. He strengthened Canadian autonomy by refusing to support Britain in the 1279:

and anti-conscription factions of the party, leading it to victory in the

13380: 13326: 13276: 13266: 13106: 13096: 12798: 12788: 12703: 12450: 12370: 12323: 12223: 12153: 12055: 12014: 11903: 11544: 11256: 11218: 10775: 10724: 10714: 10459: 10439: 10349: 10166: 9517: 4078: 3583: 3484: 2890: 2796: 2712:

to create training programs for young persons, while an amendment to the

2279: 1891: 1773: 1732: 1681: 1349:

while recruiting more Canadian diplomats. His government also introduced

188: 162: 13530: 10647: 9100: 7973: 7949: 7869:

McIntosh, Andrew; Granatstein, J.I.; Jones, Richard (February 6, 2006).

7686: 7024: 6812:

Ménard, Denise; Thomas, Suzanne; Moore, Christopher (February 7, 2006).

6421: 5545: 4026:. King's summer home at Kingsmere, called "The Farm", now serves as the 12029: 11908: 10156: 9607: 8917: 8816:"Honorary degree recipients – Special Collections Research Center Wiki" 8599:"Behind the Diary: The Private Becomes Public: The Impact of the Diary" 8339:

King: William Lyon Mackenzie King: a Life Guided by the Hand of Destiny

7054:

Stacey, C. P. (1980). "The Divine Mission: Mackenzie King and Hitler".

6376:

From Rights to Needs: A History of Family Allowances in Canada, 1929–92

6332: 6203: 5614:

King: William Lyon Mackenzie King, A Life Guided by the Hand of Destiny

5430: 4584:(as Chief Justice, September 16, 1924 – February 28, 1933; appointed a 4112: 3993: 3909: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 3445:

King's promise not to impose conscription contributed to the defeat of

3408: 3312: 3185:

King linked Canada more and more closely to the United States, signing

3027: 2781: 2596: 2546: 2540:

After his loss, King stayed on as leader of the Liberals, becoming the

2369: 2162: 1942: 1926: 1685: 1509: 1467: 1399: 1310:

won a plurality of seats, but the Liberals negotiated support from the

1208: 1082: 863: 13645: 11628: 9335:(University of Toronto Press, 1970). Edited from King's private diary. 9191:

Canada's War: The politics of the Mackenzie King government, 1939–1945

8342:. Vancouver, British Columbia: Douglas & McIntyre. pp. 2–14. 8102:"The Right Hon. William Lyon Mackenzie King, P.C., O.M., C.M.G., M.P." 6928:

The Rhineland Crisis, March 7, 1936: A Study in Multilateral Diplomacy

6347: 2294:

of 1922, King refused to support the British without first consulting

2203: 1372:. Soon after, the economy was on an upswing. King negotiated the 1935 13542: 13066: 13056: 12708: 12688: 12678: 12395: 11503: 10770: 10597: 10429: 8603:

A Real Companion and Friend: The Diary of William Lyon Mackenzie King

7965: 7678: 7665:

Dean, Edgard Packard (October 1940). "Canada's New Defense Program".

6986:

A Real Companion and Friend: The diary of William Lyon Mackenzie King

6531: 6413: 4637: 4090: 3606: 3563: 3525: 3516:. The Liberals' election campaign was centered on a broad program of 3081:

King (far right) together with (from left to right) Governor General

3048: 3032: 2965: 2922: 2254: 2244: 1767: 1763: 1755: 1567: 1322: 167: 6958:

Diplomacy of Illusion: The British Government and Germany, 1937–1939

6096: 4567:

King chose the following jurists to be appointed as justices of the

3884: 3601:, who defected in Ottawa in September 1945, by quickly appointing a 2552: 2345:(to represent Canada's interests) rather than a British one. At the 13346: 7809:

Mutual Hostages: Canadians and Japanese during the Second World War

6657:

Redekop, Calvin Wall; Krahn, Victor A.; Steiner, Samuel J. (1994).

6119:

Canada's Department of External Affairs. The Early Years: 1909–1946

3594: 3412: 3142: 2566: 2464: 2395: 2228: 1970: 1856: 1720:(1907) which sought to avert labour strikes by prior conciliation. 1444: 1227:. He played a major role in laying the foundations of the Canadian 1204: 157: 10008: 9168:

Military Relations between the United States and Canada, 1939–1945

7248:"Mackenzie King and the Munich Agreement, 1938: An Insider's View" 7155:

Branching Out: The Transformation of the Canadian Jewish Community

4696:

King and the Liberals were briefly out of power from 1930 to 1935.

3255:. Three of King's Cabinet ministers from Quebec (Ernest Lapointe, 2792:. It was created to provide air service to all regions of Canada. 2302:

in foreign affairs. In September 1922 the British Prime Minister,

1866: 1704: 1477:

After leading his party for 29 years, and leading the country for

1423:, King delayed introducing overseas conscription until late 1944. 11584: 10744: 8967:

Knight of the Holy Spirit: A Study of William Lyon Mackenzie King

8310: 6517:

Hearings Volume 3 By United States. Congress Senate, 1966, P.2704

2997: 2468: 2320: 1988: 1890:

King was not a pacifist, but he showed little enthusiasm for the

1544: 12516: 8283:

Mallinos, Chris (2018). "For King – and Laurier – and country".

7359:

Arms, Men and Governments: The War Policies of Canada, 1939–1945

3762: 3609:

Communist spy-ring transmitting top-secret documents to Moscow.

1897:

In 1918, King, assisted by his friend F. A. McGregor, published

9500:

CBC Digital Archives – Mackenzie King: Public Life, Private Man

9406: 8556: 3783: 3471: 3284:

like the Unionist Government during World War I. When the

3228: 2994: 2941: 2373: 2299: 2049: 1922: 1634: 1287: 9453:

Woodside National Historic Site page from Parks Canada website

8158:

Winston Churchill and Mackenzie King: So Similar, So Different

6771:," Canadian Communications Foundation, accessed April 11, 2022 5346: 5344: 2680:, tax cuts, and subsidies to the housing market. King and his 2576:

As Opposition leader, King denounced the Bennett government's

1878: 1739:

in 1905. In 1906, King published a memoir of Harper, entitled

13553: 5847: 3198: 2826:

In 1938, King's government invited British documentary maker

1759: 1123: 13695:

Canadian Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George

9472:

The secret of heroism : a memoir of Henry Albert Harper

9419:

William Lyon Mackenzie King – Parliament of Canada biography

9177:. 5 vols. 1964–1983. the standard history of defense policy. 8535: 8025:"PM Mackenzie King considers Confederation for Newfoundland" 7080: 5070:

William Lyon Mackenzie King: A Political Biography 1874–1923

3466: 3243:

King's government made an unprecedented intervention in the

2925:

issue, Canada would remain neutral. In June 1937, during an

2706:

Federal Unemployment and Agricultural Assistance Act of 1938

2153:

in Quebec; this led to extensive inquiries and eventually a

1712:

In 1900, King became editor of the federal government-owned

1302:

with the United States without British interference. In the

13790:

Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Saskatchewan

13720:

Canadian members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom

9494:

Mackenzie King declares war against Nazi Germany (.rm file)

9242:

Neatby, Blair. "Mackenzie King and the National Identity,"

5690: 5688: 5341: 3077: 3001: 2491: 1578: 7811:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 1990. p. 51. 6480:, 30 & 31 Victoria, c. 3. Consolidated with amendments 6325:

William Lyon Mackenzie King, 1932–1939: The Prism of Unity

6196:

William Lyon Mackenzie King, 1924–1932: The Lonely Heights

5446:"MACKENZIE KING As I Knew Him SEPTEMBER 1950 BLAIR FRASER" 5238:"Mister Canada, Chapter V: Pen Is Mightier Than The Sword" 5097:"William Lyon Mackenzie King: Prime Minister and Graduate" 3687:

for Newfoundlanders; Britain also favoured Confederation.

2895:

Act to Protect the Province Against Communistic Propaganda

1699: 27:

Prime Minister of Canada (1921–1926; 1926–1930; 1935–1948)

7207:

None Is Too Many: Canada and the Jews of Europe 1933–1948

6034: 5643:

Ernest Lapointe: Mackenzie King's Great Quebec Lieutenant

5592: 5513: 5464: 5375: 5274: 3428: 2376:, as well as of the neighbouring powerful United States. 1551:

in 1837. His father was a lawyer and later a lecturer at

1127: 1103: 12044:

Minister of Employment, Workforce and Labour (2015–2019)

9458:

William Lyon Mackenzie King Estate Visitor's Information

9133:

Warlords: Borden, Mackenzie King and Canada's World Wars

8702: 8700: 7868: 7230:

Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother: The Official Biography

5763: 5685: 5573: 5571: 5501: 4000:

station named Mackenzie King due to its location on the

2019: 1376:

Trade Agreement with the United States, passed the 1938

8256:

A Very Double Life: The Private World of Mackenzie King

7837:

Nucleus: The History of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited

7300:"J. S. Woodsworth, no to war with Germany, Sept., 1939" 6572:"MONTHLY LABOR REVIEW VOLUME 49: JULY TO DECEMBER 1939" 5119: 4995:

A Very Double Life: The Private World of Mackenzie King

3427:. Canada became a world leader in this field, with the 2520:

King's government was in power at the beginning of the

2024:

As prime minister of Canada, King was appointed to the

1231:

and established Canada's international reputation as a

13785:

Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario

9354:

W.L. Mackenzie King: a bibliography and research guide

9016:

W.L. Mackenzie King: A Bibliography and Research Guide

2207:

King making a speech during his 1926 election campaign

1925:. The Liberal party became deeply split, with several 1774:

Early political career, minister of labour (1908–1911)

13495: 9505:

Newspaper clippings about William Lyon Mackenzie King

8697: 8575:

King, William Lyon MacKenzie National Historic Person

6058: 6046: 5568: 5263: 5215: 5198: 5181: 5137: 3631:

King (far-left) becomes the first person to take the

2978:

In late 1938, during the great crisis in Europe over

1901:, a dense, abstract book he wrote in response to the 9012: 7664: 7398:"Food on the Home Front during the Second World War" 5667:"Diaries of William Lyon Mackenzie King; Item #7452" 5294:"PRIME MINISTERS OF CANADA Biographical Information" 12136: 11370:

Secretaries of State for External Affairs (1909–83)

9356:(2nd ed. University of Toronto Press, 2015); 392pp 8663: 8661: 8659: 8657: 7475:Dubreuil, Brian; Douglas, W.A.B. (April 25, 2010). 7352: 7350: 6960:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. pp. 21–23. 6656: 3721: 3399:King's government greatly expanded the role of the 3394: 3343: 3058:King (back left) with (counterclockwise from King) 2727:

Industrial Relations and Disputes Investigation Act

1708:

Wearing court uniform as minister of labour in 1910

13805:Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada) 13735:Canadian Secretaries of State for External Affairs 13710:Canadian expatriate academics in the United States 12864: 9205: 9203: 8964: 8562: 8412: 8126:"The Right Honourable William Lyon Mackenzie King" 8054:Tattrie, Jon; McIntosh, Andrew (January 5, 2015). 7930: 6925: 6892: 6279: 6116: 6102: 5418: 5067: 4927: 4898: 3411:acting as point man, moved the nuclear group from 2868:Quebec, particularly with respect to the proposed 2855:After 1936, the prime minister lost patience when 2556:Opposition leader King (right) and Prime Minister 1758:. One of the claims for damages came from Chinese 1237:longest-serving prime minister in Canadian history 8997:. Toronto, Ontario: James Lorimer & Company. 8539:The Veterans Charter and Post-World War II Canada 8481: 8132:. Parks Canada. February 24, 2011. Archived from 7580: 7539: 6838:Morris, Peter; Wise, Wyndham (November 3, 2011). 6811: 6077:Hillmer, Norman; Scott, Jeff (February 7, 2006). 4094:was named "Mackenzie King" in obvious reference. 3656:in 1946, which officially created the notion of " 1987:, a fast-developing region. Viewing a sunrise in 1921:, which was violently opposed in the province of 1524:among the top three of Canadian prime ministers. 1172:King speaking about his election campaign in 1935 13656: 11361: 9364:Great Canadian Political Cartoons, 1915 to 1945. 9051:The Fall & Rise of Mackenzie King, 1911–1919 8654: 8627:Ted Shaw, "Actor brings sympathy to King role". 7347: 7010: 6372: 5185:The Varsity, September 29, 1938 - March 17, 1939 5021:"William Lyon Mackenzie King, planning advocate" 4805:. Vol. XVII (1941–1950) (online ed.). 4669:Electoral history of William Lyon Mackenzie King 2859:preferred radical alternatives such as the CCF ( 2535: 2399:Signing of the Dominion–Provincial Agreement on 2239:, while still autonomous communities within the 1948: 1794:. In 1909, King was appointed as the first-ever 9449:, University of Toronto/Université Laval, 2005. 9208:Prime ministers : ranking Canada's leaders 8987:; a psychobiography stressing his spirituality. 8415:Ottawa Editor: The Memoirs of Charles A. Bowman 8361: 8359: 8200: 8053: 7503:"The Canadian economy and the Second World War" 7474: 6974: 4018:King bequeathed his private country retreat in 3745: 2919:High Commission of Canada in the United Kingdom 13800:Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada 10009:William Lyon Mackenzie King navigational boxes 9054:. Toronto: Macmillan of Canada. Archived from 8934:William Lyon Mackenzie King: vol. 1, 1874–1923 6899:. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. pp. 5981: 5267:The Varsity, October 14, 1896 - March 18, 1897 5202:The Varsity, October 12, 1892 - March 29, 1893 5141:The Varsity, October 11, 1893 - March 21, 1894 3546:The Liberals were knocked down from a massive 2850: 2480:based on need. In February 1930, he appointed 2269: 2145:won the most seats, but not a majority in the 1945:, which his grandfather had once represented. 1828: 966:October 26, 1908 – September 21, 1911 12850: 12502: 12122: 11644: 11347: 10524: 10322: 10308: 10032: 9411:William Lyon Mackenzie King visual chronology 9320:, 50,000 pages, typescript; fully searchable. 9084: 8942: 8643:"Oscilloscope heads to The Twentieth Century" 8605:. Library and Archives Canada. Archived from 8440: 8380:Scrum Wars: The Prime Ministers and the Media 8181: 8154: 8056:"Newfoundland and Labrador and Confederation" 7278:. Oxford University Press. pp. 105–106. 7122:"The British Dominions and the Munich Crisis" 6988:. Library and Archives Canada. Archived from 6452:The Politics of Chaos: Canada in the Thirties 5862: 5636: 5634: 5231: 5229: 5219:The Varsity, October 11, 1894 - March 3, 1895 4881: 4562: 3323:, died in 1940 and his Quebec lieutenant and 3119:1944 Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference 3000:from Europe. In June 1939 Canada, along with 2606: 1847:turbulent period of the 1913–1914 Strike and 1382:to improve housing affordability, introduced 570:October 23, 1935 – September 4, 1946 146:October 23, 1935 – November 15, 1948 12518:Leaders of the Official Opposition in Canada 11254: 11237: 9489:Canadian Newspapers and the Second World War 9284:The Canadian Annual Review of Public Affairs 9204:Granatstein, J. L.; Hillmer, Norman (1999). 8932:Dawson, Robert, and H. Blair Neatby (1958). 8508: 8356: 8278: 8276: 8118: 7638:"Louis S. St-Laurent National Historic Site" 7204: 6932:. Iowa State University Press. p. 144. 6814:"Music at the National Film Board of Canada" 6493:Old Age Pensions and Policy-Making in Canada 6399: 6327:. Vol. 3. University of Toronto Press. 6146:Shadow of Heaven: The Life of Lester Pearson 6076: 5784: 5782: 5780: 5778: 5645:. University of Toronto Press. p. 175. 4929:"King, (William Lyon) Mackenzie (1874–1950)" 3660:". Prior to this, Canadians were considered 3573: 2327:. In 1923, King's government negotiated the 1414:. The Liberals' overwhelming triumph in the 1333:. This sequence of events triggered a major 921:October 20, 1919 – December 5, 1921 876:December 6, 1921 – October 28, 1925 611:September 25, 1926 – August 7, 1930 238:September 25, 1926 – August 7, 1930 13690:Burials at Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto 10538: 8668:McCreery, Christopher (November 28, 2015). 7581:Granatstein, Jack; Morton, Desmond (2003). 7540:Granatstein, Jack; Morton, Desmond (2003). 5982:Thompson, John Herd; Seager, Allan (1985). 5531: 4925: 4896: 3683:argued that joining Canada would raise the 3605:to investigate Gouzenko's allegations of a 3375:removal of "all persons of Japanese origin" 2776:In 1937, King's government established the 2704:The various provinces were assisted by the 1953: 1870:King standing behind former Prime Minister 1470:, he wanted his Liberal Party to represent 451:August 7, 1919 – December 28, 1921 410:June 29, 1926 – September 24, 1926 13157:The referendum on the Charlottetown Accord 12857: 12843: 12509: 12495: 12129: 12115: 11651: 11637: 11354: 11340: 10531: 10517: 10493: 10315: 10301: 10039: 10025: 9522: 9323:Pickersgill, J.W., and Donald F. Forster, 9317:The diaries of William Lyon Mackenzie King 9288:full text for 1920 online and downloadable 8990: 8943:English, John; Stubbs, J.O., eds. (1977). 8579:Directory of Federal Heritage Designations 8445:. Toronto, Ontario: Butterfly Productions. 8383:. Toronto, Ontario: Dundurn. p. 134. 8182:English, John; Stubbs, J.O., eds. (1977). 7747: 7152: 7124:. In Goldstein, Erik; Lukes, Igor (eds.). 6837: 6148:. Vol. 1. Lester & Orpen Dennys. 5990:. Vol. 15. McClelland & Stewart. 5640: 5631: 5226: 4882:English, John; Stubbs, J.O., eds. (1977). 4799:. In Cook, Ramsay; Bélanger, Réal (eds.). 4716: 2102:Also in 1923, the government modified the 1723:In 1901, King's roommate and best friend, 1203:(December 17, 1874 – July 22, 1950) was a 831:February 15, 1926 – June 10, 1945 652:December 29, 1921 – June 28, 1926 369:August 7, 1930 – October 22, 1935 300:December 29, 1921 – June 28, 1926 116: 13715:Canadian expatriates in the United States 9244:Manitoba Historical Society Transactions, 9070: 8834:"HONORARY DEGREES AWARDED 1881 – PRESENT" 8593: 8591: 8488:. McClelland & Stewart. p. 222. 8468:J.L. Granatstein, "Thirty Years of War," 8273: 7928: 7554: 6952: 5775: 5694: 5485:Titan: The Life of John D. Rockefeller Sr 5154: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4032:Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada 3925:Learn how and when to remove this message 3487:in 1942, in Italy in 1943, and after the 3209:, at that time under British governance. 2913:In March 1936, in response to the German 2832:Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau 1978: 1825:defeat the Liberals and form government. 1573: 1527: 12099:Styled "Minister of Labour and Housing". 9343:Documents on Canadian External Relations 9150:Canada and the Early Cold War, 1943–1957 9047: 8893: 8667: 8443:Willie: Canada's Bachelor Prime Minister 8282: 8226:"Diaries of William Lyon Mackenzie King" 8175: 7995:"The first officially Canadian citizens" 7859:Hansard, House of Commons, June 10, 1942 7831: 7762: 7500: 6923: 6863: 6660:Anabaptist/Mennonite Faith and Economics 6543: 6114: 5944: 5739: 5719: 5055:– via Taylor & Francis Online. 4997:. Vol. 46 (1 ed.). Macmillan. 4846: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4036: 3869:Person of National Historic Significance 3827:, whom he had chosen for appointment as 3773: 3761: 3725: 3626: 3619: 3465: 3325:minister of justice and attorney general 3212:King—and Canada—were largely ignored by 3112: 3100: 3076: 3053: 3026: 2935: 2551: 2490: 2394: 2273: 2253: 2247:. This ultimately was formalized in the 2231:status, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, 2202: 1999: 1969: 1937:. King returned to Canada to run in the 1877: 1865: 1833: 1703: 1577: 505:August 7, 1919 – August 7, 1948 13835:Politics of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan 11658: 11487:Ministers of External Affairs (1983–95) 9853:Secretary of State for External Affairs 9823:Secretary of State for External Affairs 9760:Secretary of State for External Affairs 9339:Canadian Department of External Affairs 8962: 8536:Peter Neary; J. L. Granatstein (1999). 8258:(reprint ed.). Formac Publishing. 7947: 7271: 7245: 7177: 7081:Alan Davies; Marilyn F. Nefsky (2010). 6584: 6445: 6443: 6143: 5482: 5103:. University of Toronto. Archived from 4934:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4735:from the original on September 25, 2017 4598:(September 16, 1924 – December 9, 1931) 4041:Home of William Lyon Mackenzie King in 3512:With the war winding down, King called 3311:King promoted engineer and businessman 3177:. He was instrumental in obtaining the 3047:King accompanied the Royal Couple—King 3039:, and Prime Minister Mackenzie King in 2617:secretary of state for external affairs 1762:dealers, which led King to investigate 1700:Early career, civil servant (1900–1908) 1341:. King and the Liberals decisively won 786:August 6, 1945 – June 26, 1949 700:June 2, 1909 – October 6, 1911 558:Secretary of State for External Affairs 14: 13770:Leaders of the Liberal Party of Canada 13657: 13231:1999, as Newsmaker of the 20th Century 8588: 8455:George F. G. Stanley, "Canada's War," 8410: 8376: 8335: 8206: 7600:. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 116. 7595: 7371: 7356: 7328:Neatby, H. Blair (February 13, 2008). 7327: 7087:. Wilfrid Laurier UP. pp. 76–77. 7053: 6780: 6637: 6547:Introduction to Recreation and Leisure 6489: 6449: 6277: 6216: 6064: 6052: 6040: 5889: 5845: 5769: 5757: 5617:. Vancouver: Douglas & MacIntyre. 5610: 5598: 5519: 5507: 5470: 5381: 5350: 5280: 5125: 5065: 5018: 4794: 4717:Moscovitch, Allan (February 7, 2006). 4634:(February 9, 1940 – September 1, 1967) 4622:(January 14, 1930 – December 25, 1939) 3667:King also laid the groundwork for the 3334: 3179:British Commonwealth Air Training Plan 2813:Canadian Radio Broadcasting Commission 2663: 2364:and influential career administrators 2132: 2084:In 1923, King's government passed the 2041:the War has made in our social life." 1718:Industrial Disputes Investigations Act 1668:recalled that, the city editor of the 12838: 12490: 12110: 11976:and Social Development (2015–present) 11632: 11335: 10512: 10296: 10020: 10007: 9521: 9182:Canadian Journal of Political Science 9122: 8991:Ferns, Henry; Ostry, Bernard (1976). 8897:Canadian Journal of Political Science 8869: 7772:. Ottawa: James Lorimer. p. 23. 7610: 7501:von Moos, Kristy (November 8, 2018). 7451:"Canada and the Cost of World War II" 7209:. Canada: Lester & Orpen Dennys. 6890: 6734: 6683: 6286:. McClelland & Stewart. pp. 5584:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 5578:King, William Lyon Mackenzie (1918). 5393: 5359:(online ed.). Historica Canada. 5351:Neatby, H. Blair (October 15, 2008). 5235: 4849:Canadian Journal of Political Science 4826: 4747: 4313:Ordre national de la Légion d'honneur 3759:and describe other events in detail. 3593:King moved Canada into the deepening 3483:troops caused by heavy losses in the 3470:King making his address to Canada on 3294:a federal election for March 26, 1940 3159:declare Canada at war against Germany 3124: 2908: 2771: 2723:Vocational Training Co-ordination Act 2258:Mackenzie King (seated right) at the 2020:Prime Minister (1921–1926, 1926–1930) 1808:Industrial Disputes Investigation Act 1516:throughout the late 1930s. Historian 13560: 13422:Children lost in residential schools 11528:Ministers of Foreign Affairs (1995–) 9479:Works by William Lyon Mackenzie King 9380: 9362:Hou, Charles, and Cynthia Hou, eds. 9116: 8879:. Harper Collins. pp. 123–184. 8441:Jarvis, Ian; Collins, David (1992). 8218: 7950:"Wartime Press Censorship in Canada" 6440: 5577: 4652:(October 6, 1944 – January 22, 1956) 4646:(October 3, 1944 – January 15, 1958) 4578:(January 30, 1924 – October 1, 1924) 4526: 3907:adding citations to reliable sources 3878: 3529:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 3514:a federal election for June 11, 1945 3238: 3221:training airmen for the Commonwealth 2861:Co-operative Commonwealth Federation 67:move details into the article's body 38: 13740:Canadian people of Scottish descent 8945:Mackenzie King: Widening the Debate 8315:The Dictionary of Canadian Politics 8212:Mackenzie King: Widening the Debate 8184:Mackenzie King: Widening the Debate 7905:"Visits By Foreign Leaders in 1945" 7119: 6613:"MOB! CAPE's mobilization bulletin" 5846:Gordon, David L.A (December 2015). 5697:Mackenzie King and the Prairie West 5487:. Random House. pp. –571–586. 4884:Mackenzie King: Widening the Debate 4836:. Harper Collins. pp. 123–184. 4662: 4658:(June 3, 1947 – September 16, 1962) 4368: 3419:in 1944, with the establishment of 3407:in the following years. King, with 3401:National Research Council of Canada 3368:110,000 people of Japanese ancestry 3223:, guarding the western half of the 3022: 2622: 2169: 2026:Privy Council of the United Kingdom 1912: 1855:–at a family-owned coal company in 1435:, in which the Liberals lost their 1157:William Lyon Mackenzie King's voice 24: 13775:Leaders of the Opposition (Canada) 9277: 9212:. HarperCollins. pp. 83–101. 8858: 7585:. Toronto: KeyPorter. p. 178. 7544:. Toronto: KeyPorter. p. 179. 6793:from the original on July 15, 2014 6585:Wishart, David J. (January 2004). 6184:(London: Macmillan, 1963), p. 242. 4901:Mackenzie King: His life and world 4628:(March 24, 1936 – January 6, 1947) 4240:King George V Silver Jubilee Medal 3502: 3377:This order-in-council allowed the 3366:, which called for the removal of 2640: 2528:to the Conservative Party, led by 2510:Combines Investigation Act of 1923 2227:stating that upon the granting of 1562:King became a lifelong practising 1406:. Days after the Second World War 1394:. The government also established 25: 13846: 13680:19th-century Canadian journalists 12065:Minister of Labour (2019–present) 9399: 9370:William Lyon Mackenzie King fonds 9310:full text online and downloadable 9141:Cuff, R.D. and Granatstein, J.L. 9125:Ordeal by Fire: Canada, 1910–1945 8485:1867: How the Fathers Made a Deal 8003:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 7184:. Toronto: Dundurn. p. 144. 7153:Tulchinsky, Gerald J. J. (1998). 6781:Matlin, Julie (August 12, 2009). 6684:Marsh, James (February 7, 2006). 6198:. Vol. 2. Methuen & Co. 5747:. October 12, 1923. p. 6817. 5363:from the original on June 7, 2018 5246:. Lethbridge, Alberta. p. 4. 5066:Dawson, Robert Macgregor (1958). 4640:(April 22, 1943 – April 27, 1959) 4616:(May 18, 1927 – December 7, 1933) 4223:Order of St Michael and St George 4077:King is a prominent character in 3650:King's government introduced the 3169:To re-arm Canada, King built the 3164: 2940:King (far left) at a ceremony in 2915:remilitarization of the Rhineland 2817:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 2672:King only reluctantly accepted a 2515: 1386:in 1940, and in 1944, introduced 13637: 13620: 13603: 13586: 13569: 13541: 13529: 13517: 13505: 13472: 13460: 11953:and Social Development (2013–15) 11920:and Skills Development (2005–13) 10646: 10492: 10483: 10482: 9475:. Available on Internet Archive. 9446:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 9405: 9184:vol 6 no. 1 (March 1973), 37–55. 9009:; a scholarly biography to 1919. 8826: 8808: 8783: 8755: 8730: 8688: 8636: 8621: 8568: 8529: 8502: 8475: 8462: 8449: 8434: 8423: 8404: 8370: 8329: 8303: 8244: 8148: 8094: 8081:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 8069: 8047: 8017: 7987: 7941: 7922: 7897: 7888: 7862: 7853: 7825: 7801: 7756: 7738: 7729: 7720: 7711: 7702: 7693: 7658: 7630: 7617:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 7604: 7589: 7574: 7561:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 7548: 7533: 7520: 7494: 7468: 7443: 7418: 7390: 7365: 7321: 7292: 7272:Buckner, Phillip Alfred (2008). 7265: 7239: 7223: 7198: 7171: 7146: 7113: 7101: 7074: 7047: 7004: 6588:Encyclopedia of the Great Plains 6528:Foundations of the Welfare State 5760:, p. 294; Letter of May 5, 1919. 5396:University of Toronto Law Review 5249: 5236:Hardy, Reginald (July 8, 1948). 4948:"Downtown Heritage Walking Tour" 4802:Dictionary of Canadian Biography 4610:(April 2, 1927 – March 10, 1936) 4530: 4501: 4475: 4449: 4423: 4394: 4346: 4325: 4304: 4268: 4232: 4214: 4188: 4166: 4161: 4156: 4150: 4145: 4140: 4134: 4070:, appearing as the subject of a 3963:and Heather Robertson's trilogy 3883: 3740:Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto 3738:from pneumonia. He is buried in 3730:King's grave and memorial plaque 3722:Retirement and death (1948–1950) 3507: 3421:Chalk River Nuclear Laboratories 3395:Expansion of scientific research 3344:Internment of Japanese-Canadians 2872:project with the United States. 2806: 2619:; he held that post until 1946. 2390: 2115: 2035: 1161: 1142: 1065:Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto 515:Daniel Duncan McKenzie (interim) 43: 13820:Writers from Kitchener, Ontario 13765:Deaths from pneumonia in Quebec 13745:Canadian people of World War II 12138:Presidents of the Privy Council 11988:Ministers of Labour (1996–2015) 11974:Minister of Families, Children 8863: 8429: 8365: 8250: 7839:. University of Toronto Press. 7205:Abella, Irving; Troper (1983). 7107: 6946: 6924:Emmerson, James Thomas (1977). 6917: 6884: 6857: 6840:"National Film Board of Canada" 6831: 6805: 6774: 6754: 6728: 6703: 6677: 6663:. University Press of America. 6650: 6631: 6605: 6578: 6564: 6537: 6521: 6510: 6496:. McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. 6483: 6468: 6434: 6428: 6393: 6366: 6340: 6322: 6316: 6310: 6304: 6282:The Great Depression, 1929–1939 6271: 6265: 6259: 6250: 6241: 6210: 6193: 6187: 6174: 6168: 6162: 6137: 6108: 6070: 6004: 5975: 5938: 5926: 5883: 5865:Journal of Historical Geography 5856: 5839: 5830: 5813:"Chinese Immigration Act, 1923" 5805: 5793: 5733: 5713: 5699:. University of Toronto Press. 5659: 5611:Levine, Allan (2011). "Ch. 4". 5604: 5525: 5476: 5438: 5425:. Longmans, Green and Company. 5406: 5387: 5316: 5286: 5257: 5209: 5192: 5175: 5148: 5131: 5089: 5074:. University of Toronto Press. 5059: 5012: 4989: 4983: 4968: 4620:Lawrence Arthur Dumoulin Cannon 4276:King George VI Coronation Medal 4060:King was mentioned in the book 4050:Woodside National Historic Site 3937:King's likeness is used on the 3894:needs additional citations for 3736:his country estate in Kingsmere 3434: 3286:Legislative Assembly of Ontario 2676:solution that involved federal 2415:, William Lyon Mackenzie King, 2008:, King's Liberals defeated the 1298:'s consent and negotiating the 1259:. After losing his seat in the 13815:World War II political leaders 12866:Canadian Newsmaker of the Year 10082:Hedley Francis Gregory Bridges 9883:President of the Privy Council 9812:President of the Privy Council 9771:President of the Privy Council 8563:Granatstein & Hillmer 1999 7557:"DUPLESSIS, MAURICE LE NOBLET" 7455:McGill-Queens University Press 7157:. Stoddart. pp. 200–201. 6313:, Vol. 2, Ch. 15, quote p. 318 6103:Granatstein & Hillmer 1999 5932: 5799: 5788: 5729:. June 20, 1922. p. 4621. 5641:Betcherman, Lita-Rose (2002). 5413: 5264:University of Toronto (1896). 5216:University of Toronto (1894). 5199:University of Toronto (1892). 5182:University of Toronto (1938). 5138:University of Toronto (1893). 4940: 4919: 4890: 4875: 4840: 4820: 4797:"King, William Lyon Mackenzie" 4710: 4690: 4105:'s 1988 television miniseries 4085:, set in Ottawa in the 1920s. 3702:The August 7, 1948, convention 3280:King rejected any notion of a 2747: 2358:Department of External Affairs 2282:, King, and Canadian diplomat 2213:1926 Liberal election campaign 2079: 1454:, and successfully negotiated 1443:to take part in the deepening 1347:Department of External Affairs 13: 1: 13795:Members of the Order of Merit 11918:Ministers of Human Resources 11880:Ministers of Human Resources 11268: 11245: 11232:Institut canadien de Montréal 11222: 10554:Affiliated provincial parties 9469:William Lyon Mackenzie King, 9246:Series 3, Number 24, 1967–68 9013:Henderson, George F. (2015). 8077:"Louis St. Laurent biography" 7613:"Hepburn, Mitchell Frederick" 7583:Canada and the Two World Wars 7542:Canada and the Two World Wars 7275:Canada and the British Empire 7128:. Psychology Press. pp. 6735:Eaman, Ross (April 9, 2012). 6217:Murray, W.W. (July 1, 1929). 5988:The Canadian Centenary Series 5877:10.1016/S0305-7488(03)00041-0 5695:Wardhaugh, Robert A. (2000). 5353:"William Lyon Mackenzie King" 4678: 4576:Arthur Cyrille Albert Malouin 4517:University of Western Ontario 4334:Ordre de la couronne de Chêne 4289:and an elected Member of the 4253:and an elected Member of the 4008:in downtown Ottawa, Ontario. 3695: 3097:, Quebec City, September 1944 2844:National Film Board of Canada 2752:While King opposed Bennett's 2627: 2536:Opposition leader (1930–1935) 2087:Chinese Immigration Act, 1923 1961:Liberal leadership convention 1949:Opposition leader (1919–1921) 1929:joining the pro-conscription 1359:a defeat at the polls in 1930 1255:in 1909 under Prime Minister 13830:University of Toronto alumni 13825:University of Chicago alumni 13725:Canadian non-fiction writers 11363:Ministers of Foreign Affairs 11321:National Liberal Progressive 9395:, National Film Board, 1988. 8770:Governingcouncil.utoronto.ca 7933:Mr. Prime Minister 1867–1964 7763:Sunahara, Ann Gomer (1981). 7372:Perras, Galen Roger (1998). 7120:Fry, Michael Graham (1999). 6640:"Housing and Housing Policy" 6012:"Electoral Results by Party" 5019:Gordon, David L. A. (2002). 4703: 4295:Canadian order of precedence 4259:Canadian order of precedence 4175: 3874: 3802:Historians have seen in his 3778:King with his two dogs, 1938 3746:Personal style and character 3562:, who was re-elected in the 3423:and the residential town of 3282:government of national unity 3245:1939 Quebec general election 3133:, as British Prime Minister 2599:of 40; this was the largest 2108:to allow former subjects of 1610:, a future political rival. 1251:before becoming the federal 7: 13780:Liberal Party of Canada MPs 13665:William Lyon Mackenzie King 13556:William Lyon Mackenzie King 12897:William Lyon Mackenzie King 10585:Formerly affiliated parties 10087:Pierre Joseph Arthur Cardin 10066:William Lyon Mackenzie King 10055:William Lyon Mackenzie King 9944:Leader of the Liberal Party 9509:20th Century Press Archives 9441:William Lyon Mackenzie King 9428:William Lyon Mackenzie King 9374:Library and Archives Canada 9258:(U of Toronto Press 1981), 9236:Journal of Canadian Studies 9088:Journal of Canadian Studies 9021:University of Toronto Press 8973:University of Toronto Press 8671:The Canadian Honours System 8411:Bowman, Charles A. (1966). 8230:Library and Archives Canada 7937:. Toronto: Longmans Canada. 7596:Paulin, Marguerite (2005). 7013:Journal of Canadian Studies 5671:Library and Archives Canada 5534:Journal of Canadian Studies 5009:, photo between pages 96–97 4897:Granatstein, J. L. (1977). 4807:University of Toronto Press 4491:College of William and Mary 3493:Conscription Crisis of 1944 3456:Conscription Crisis of 1917 3441:Conscription Crisis of 1944 3117:King, sitting left, at the 2851:Relationship with provinces 2795:In 1938, King's government 2270:Extending Canadian autonomy 2249:Statute of Westminster 1931 1829:Out of politics (1911–1919) 1390:– Canada's first universal 1273:Conscription Crisis of 1917 1188:William Lyon Mackenzie King 493:Leader of the Liberal Party 95:William Lyon Mackenzie King 10: 13851: 13760:Harvard University faculty 13410:Front-line workers in the 9048:McGregor, Fred A. (1962). 8515:. Douglas & McIntyre. 8482:Christopher Moore (2011). 8472:(Oct/Nov 2014) 94#5:20-29. 8457:American Historical Review 7056:Canadian Historical Review 6982:"Mackenzie King in Berlin" 5836:Swyripa, "Canada", p. 344. 5157:Canadian Historical Review 4926:Granatstein, J.L. (2011). 4683: 4666: 4563:Supreme Court appointments 4291:House of Commons of Canada 4255:House of Commons of Canada 4128: 3939:Canadian fifty-dollar note 3438: 2803:into a crown corporation. 2790:Canadian National Railways 2784:), as a subsidiary of the 2732: 2710:Youth Training Act of 1939 2699: 2607:Prime Minister (1935–1948) 2173: 1814:Combines Investigation Act 1778:King was first elected to 1474:to create social harmony. 1314:and stayed in office as a 1275:, he unified both the pro- 29: 13810:Prime ministers of Canada 13755:Harvard University alumni 13685:Abdication of Edward VIII 13455: 12872: 12524: 12144: 12090: 12064: 12043: 11987: 11973: 11950: 11917: 11879: 11666: 11527: 11486: 11369: 11288: 11255: 11238: 11204: 10991: 10961: 10885: 10878: 10804: 10758: 10662: 10655: 10644: 10584: 10566:Newfoundland and Labrador 10553: 10546: 10478: 10330: 10324:Prime ministers of Canada 10062: 10014: 9986: 9973: 9965: 9960: 9950: 9941: 9929: 9924: 9914: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9880: 9869: 9859: 9850: 9839: 9831: 9820: 9809: 9799: 9790: 9779: 9768: 9757: 9746: 9738: 9728: 9719: 9711: 9701: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9672: 9664:Member of Parliament for 9662: 9654: 9644: 9635:Member of Parliament for 9632: 9624: 9614: 9606:Member of Parliament for 9604: 9596: 9586: 9578:Member of Parliament for 9576: 9568: 9558: 9550:Member of Parliament for 9548: 9540: 9533: 9528: 9433:The Canadian Encyclopedia 9325:The Mackenzie King Record 9037:Hutchison, Bruce (1953). 8994:The Age of Mackenzie King 8910:10.1017/s0008423900043195 7929:Hutchison, Bruce (1964). 7178:Knowles, Valerie (2007). 6783:"The Founding of the NFB" 6644:The Canadian Encyclopedia 6450:Neatby, H. Blair (1972). 6379:. UBC Press. p. 33. 6373:Raymond B. Blake (2009). 6323:Neatby, H. Blair (1976). 6194:Neatby, H. Blair (1963). 5961:10.1080/00358530120082823 5912:10.1080/02665430110111838 5849:Town and Crown p. 180-185 5357:The Canadian Encyclopedia 5324:"Mackenzie King's legacy" 5045:10.1080/02665430110111838 4861:10.1017/S0008423900043195 4795:Neatby, H. Blair (2016). 4724:The Canadian Encyclopedia 3973:Igor: A Novel of Intrigue 3834: 3574:Foreign affairs, Cold War 3072:Quebec Conference in 1943 2653:British North America Act 1851:–in what is known as the 1684:at her settlement house, 1615:settlement house movement 1181: 1150: 1138: 1081: 1071: 1060: 1043: 1023: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 1002: 998: 982: 970: 959: 949: 937: 925: 914: 904: 892: 880: 869: 859: 847: 835: 824: 814: 802: 790: 779: 767: 763: 756: 752: 748: 744: 728: 716: 704: 693: 686: 676: 666: 656: 645: 635: 625: 615: 604: 594: 584: 574: 563: 556: 552: 545: 541: 537: 533: 519: 509: 498: 491: 481: 469: 455: 444: 434: 424: 414: 403: 393: 383: 373: 362: 355: 351: 346:Senior political offices 344: 340: 330: 320: 312: 304: 293: 283: 271: 250: 242: 231: 219: 207: 176: 150: 139: 131: 127: 115: 88: 13432:Canada convoy protesters 11951:Ministers of Employment 10282:Joseph Thorarinn Thorson 10227:Robert Wellington Mayhew 10212:Norman Alexander McLarty 10092:Pierre-François Casgrain 9961:Awards and achievements 9925:Party political offices 9872:Prime Minister of Canada 9842:Leader of the Opposition 9793:Prime Minister of Canada 9782:Leader of the Opposition 9749:Prime Minister of Canada 9722:Leader of the Opposition 9352:Henderson, George F. ed 9333:Vol. 4: 1946–1947 online 9329:Vol. 3: 1945–1946 online 8963:Esberey, Joy E. (1980). 8161:. Dundurn. p. 381. 7948:Purcell, Gillis (1947). 7871:"Conscription in Canada" 7477:"Battle of the Atlantic" 7246:Hillmer, Norman (2019). 6544:Kinetics, Human (2013). 6454:. Gage. pp. 84–86. 6123:. McGill-Queen's Press. 4673: 4582:Francis Alexander Anglin 4287:Prime Minister of Canada 4251:Prime Minister of Canada 4004:. It is adjacent to the 3770:in state clothing, 1939. 3677:Frederick Gordon Bradley 3669:Dominion of Newfoundland 3653:Canadian Citizenship Act 3537:Progressive Conservative 3205:, and major airbases in 3171:Royal Canadian Air Force 3109:and Mackenzie King, 1944 2542:leader of the Opposition 2403:in 1928. (Seated, L–R): 2347:1923 Imperial Conference 2260:1926 Imperial Conference 2235:, South Africa, and the 2221:1926 Imperial Conference 2198:motion of non-confidence 2194:Leader of the Opposition 2030:1923 Imperial Conference 1954:1919 leadership election 1213:prime minister of Canada 357:Leader of the Opposition 134:Prime Minister of Canada 30:Not to be confused with 11882:Development (1996–2005) 10540:Liberal Party of Canada 10267:Wishart McLea Robertson 10187:David Laurence MacLaren 10137:James Garfield Gardiner 9918:Frederick Albert Acland 9358:excerpt and text search 9137:excerpt and text search 8947:. Macmillan of Canada. 8186:. Macmillan of Canada. 7909:Office of the Historian 7555:Sarra-Bournet, Michel. 7304:Great Canadian Speeches 7126:The Munich Crisis, 1938 6686:"Trans-Canada Airlines" 6591:. U of Nebraska Press. 6490:Bryden, K. (May 1974). 6278:Berton, Pierre (1990). 6219:"The Session in Review" 6182:What's Past is Prologue 6115:Hilliker, John (1990). 5421:The Incredible Canadian 5169:10.3138/CHR-069-reviews 4905:. McGraw-Hill Ryerson. 4569:Supreme Court of Canada 3969:Lily: A Rhapsody in Red 3388:Gordon Sylvester Wismer 3129:According to historian 2982:that culminated in the 2766:James Garfield Gardiner 2762:minister of agriculture 2530:Richard Bedford Bennett 2336:; though not official, 1840:John D. Rockefeller Jr. 1598:degree in 1896, and an 1590:in 1891. He obtained a 1553:Osgoode Hall Law School 1410:, Canadian troops were 1331:motion of no confidence 263:The Viscount Willingdon 184:The Earl of Bessborough 13750:Canadian spiritualists 13730:Canadian Presbyterians 10992:Parliamentary election 10610:North-West Territories 10202:Ian Alistair Mackenzie 9705:Thomas Wilson Crothers 9562:William George Weichel 9523:Offices and succession 9463:July 10, 2008, at the 9293:Mackenzie King, W. L. 8959:11 essays by scholars. 8708:"Dominionofcanada.com" 8377:Levine, Allan (1996). 8336:Levine, Allan (2011). 8214:. Macmillan of Canada. 8155:Terry Reardon (2012). 7357:Stacey, C. P. (1970). 6891:Black, Conrad (1977). 6478:Constitution Act, 1867 6348:""It's King or chaos"" 6144:English, John (1989). 4886:. Macmillan of Canada. 4626:Albert Blellock Hudson 4596:Edmund Leslie Newcombe 4521:Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 4495:Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 4469:Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 4443:Doctor of Laws (LL.D) 4045: 4011:The bridge across the 3779: 3771: 3731: 3673:Canadian Confederation 3647: 3578:King helped found the 3474: 3350:attack on Pearl Harbor 3290:the federal parliament 3214:British Prime Minister 3121: 3110: 3098: 3074: 3044: 2976: 2952:In 1937, King visited 2949: 2834:). King believed that 2778:Trans-Canada Air Lines 2647:unemployment insurance 2569:of American President 2561: 2500: 2460: 2317: 2287: 2266: 2208: 2090:banning most forms of 2012:led by Prime Minister 1979:Idealizes the Prairies 1975: 1887: 1875: 1853:Colorado Coalfield War 1844:Rockefeller Foundation 1709: 1676:After studying at the 1583: 1574:University (1891–1900) 1549:Upper Canada Rebellion 1541:William Lyon Mackenzie 1528:Early life (1874–1891) 1396:Trans-Canada Air Lines 1384:unemployment insurance 1343:the resulting election 1265:Rockefeller Foundation 1263:, King worked for the 989:William George Weichel 758:Parliamentary offices 735:Thomas Wilson Crothers 476:Daniel Duncan McKenzie 199:The Viscount Alexander 32:William Lyon Mackenzie 11296:Liberal Protectionist 10207:James Angus MacKinnon 10197:Angus Lewis Macdonald 10122:John Campbell Elliott 10117:Charles Avery Dunning 9648:Edward LeRoy Bowerman 9618:Thomas Herbert Lennox 9304:June 5, 2011, at the 9286:(annual, 1901–1938), 9159:May 31, 2008, at the 9123:Allen, Ralph (1961). 9043:Online free to borrow 8938:Online free to borrow 8542:. MQUP. p. 294. 8509:Allan Levine (2011). 7954:International Journal 7875:Canadian Encyclopedia 7481:Canadian Encyclopedia 7334:Canadian Encyclopedia 7252:The Champlain Society 7068:10.3138/chr-061-04-03 6844:Canadian Encyclopedia 6818:Canadian Encyclopedia 6741:Canadian Encyclopedia 6690:Canadian Encyclopedia 6402:International Journal 6083:Canadian Encyclopedia 6022:on September 24, 2015 5892:Planning Perspectives 5483:Chernow, Ron (1998). 5025:Planning Perspectives 4656:Charles Holland Locke 4608:John Henderson Lamont 4588:under Prime Minister 4439:University of Toronto 4122:The Twentieth Century 4097:King is portrayed by 4040: 4002:Mackenzie King Bridge 3946:Industry and Humanity 3777: 3765: 3729: 3630: 3620:Domestic achievements 3469: 3460:a national plebiscite 3116: 3104: 3087:Franklin D. Roosevelt 3080: 3060:Franklin D. Roosevelt 3057: 3031:(From right to left) 3030: 2971: 2939: 2686:Charles Avery Dunning 2571:Franklin D. Roosevelt 2555: 2494: 2488:in Canadian history. 2398: 2312: 2277: 2257: 2206: 2073:J. S. Woodsworth 2071:. Socialist reformer 2000:1921 federal election 1973: 1884:Industry and Humanity 1881: 1869: 1834:Industrial consultant 1819:1911 general election 1788:1908 federal election 1752:Vancouver's Chinatown 1741:The Secret of Heroism 1707: 1678:University of Chicago 1588:University of Toronto 1586:King enrolled at the 1581: 1494:Franklin D. Roosevelt 1431:allowed King to call 1335:constitutional crisis 1281:1921 federal election 1261:1911 federal election 1111:University of Chicago 1091:University of Toronto 899:Thomas Herbert Lennox 854:Edward LeRoy Bowerman 316:The Lord Byng of Vimy 258:The Lord Byng of Vimy 34:, King's grandfather. 13401:Jody Wilson-Raybould 13287:The Canadian Soldier 10806:Leadership elections 10576:Prince Edward Island 10272:Norman McLeod Rogers 10232:Joseph-Enoil Michaud 10162:James Lorimer Ilsley 9535:Parliament of Canada 9413:at Wikimedia Commons 9269:Whitaker, Reginald. 9175:In Defence of Canada 9166:Dziuban, Stanley W. 8820:Scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu 8712:Dominionofcanada.com 7726:Sunahara (1981), 46. 7717:Sunahara (1981), 37. 7708:Sunahara (1981), 28. 7642:Government of Canada 7426:"Canada Goes to War" 6711:"The Bank's History" 6016:Parliament of Canada 5852:. U of Ottawa Press. 5298:Parliament of Canada 4592:, February 23, 1909) 4544:adding missing items 3903:improve this article 3757:Canadian war efforts 3671:'s later entry into 3417:Chalk River, Ontario 3364:Executive Order 9066 3321:Norman McLeod Rogers 3225:North Atlantic Ocean 3191:Ogdensburg, New York 2842:, which created the 2754:Canadian Wheat Board 2740:National Housing Act 2484:as the first female 2381:British Commonwealth 2157:, which exposed the 2127:Confederation Square 1882:King, while writing 1861:industrial relations 1688:, King proceeded to 1664:. Fellow journalist 1452:Canadian citizenship 1379:National Housing Act 950:Member of Parliament 944:Alfred Edgar MacLean 905:Member of Parliament 860:Member of Parliament 815:Member of Parliament 769:Member of Parliament 723:Position established 547:Ministerial offices 91:The Right Honourable 18:W. L. Mackenzie King 13705:Canadian economists 11668:Ministers of Labour 11660:Ministers of Labour 11301:Liberal-Progressive 10252:Charles Gavan Power 10242:William Pate Mulock 10192:James Joseph McCann 10177:Léo Richer Laflèche 10152:Milton Fowler Gregg 9892:Government offices 9148:Donaghy, Greg, ed. 9101:10.3138/jcs.13.4.40 8718:on February 7, 2015 8232:. February 28, 2013 8136:on November 2, 2014 8035:on January 22, 2022 7789:on November 1, 2014 7306:. September 2, 2019 7025:10.3138/jcs.20.4.26 6992:on October 31, 2009 6229:on January 22, 2022 6043:, pp. 401–422. 5904:2002PlPer..17...97G 5601:, pp. 255–265. 5546:10.3138/jcs.13.4.28 5522:, pp. 248–251. 5473:, pp. 227–231. 5452:on December 4, 2022 5384:, pp. 129–131. 5283:, pp. 198–199. 5107:on December 2, 2011 5037:2002PlPer..17...97G 4727:(online ed.). 4650:James Wilfred Estey 4644:Roy Lindsay Kellock 4375: 3810:, in his 1976 book 3797:President Roosevelt 3633:Oath of Citizenship 3552:minority government 3548:majority government 3425:Deep River, Ontario 3379:Minister of Justice 3335:Wartime expenditure 3298:Official Opposition 3261:Charles Gavan Power 3135:Neville Chamberlain 3083:the Earl of Athlone 3064:the Earl of Athlone 3062:, Governor General 2931:Neville Chamberlain 2927:Imperial Conference 2870:St. Lawrence Seaway 2694:John Maynard Keynes 2664:Spending management 2601:majority government 2419:. (Standing, L–R): 2407:, Thomas Donnelly, 2264:Balfour Declaration 2262:, which led to the 2225:Balfour Declaration 2223:which elicited the 2217:minority government 2159:Beauharnois Scandal 2133:Corruption scandals 2069:Liberal-Progressive 1748:anti-Oriental riots 1725:Henry Albert Harper 1657:The Mail and Empire 1604:Kappa Alpha Society 1594:degree in 1895, an 1472:liberal corporatism 1437:majority government 1433:a post-war election 1404:National Film Board 1327:dissolve parliament 1316:minority government 194:The Earl of Athlone 189:The Lord Tweedsmuir 13467:History portal 10147:James Allison Glen 10142:Colin W. G. Gibson 10127:William Daum Euler 9695:Minister of Labour 9683:Political offices 9658:William MacDiarmid 9439:H. Blair Neatby, " 9392:The King Chronicle 9196:Granatstein, J.L. 9188:Granatstein, J. L. 8795:Secretary.yale.edu 7611:Glassford, Larry. 7361:. Queen's Printer. 6767:2006-10-10 at the 6737:"CBC/Radio-Canada" 6550:. Human Kinetics. 6105:, pp. 87, 95. 5745:The London Gazette 5726:The London Gazette 5673:. October 12, 1920 4602:Thibaudeau Rinfret 4542:; you can help by 4410:Queen's University 4373: 4353:Grand cordon de l' 4108:The King Chronicle 4054:Kitchener, Ontario 4046: 4028:official residence 3812:A Very Double Life 3787:communicated with 3780: 3772: 3732: 3685:standard of living 3648: 3640:Thibaudeau Rinfret 3560:William MacDiarmid 3533:Operation Downfall 3489:Battle of Normandy 3475: 3189:with Roosevelt at 3125:Declaration of war 3122: 3111: 3105:Canadian diplomat 3099: 3095:Octagon Conference 3075: 3045: 2950: 2909:Germany and Hitler 2815:(CRBC) became the 2780:(the precursor to 2772:Crown corporations 2690:balance the budget 2613:Franklin Roosevelt 2562: 2501: 2461: 2356:King expanded the 2334:British Parliament 2304:David Lloyd George 2288: 2267: 2209: 1976: 1888: 1876: 1798:by Prime Minister 1796:minister of labour 1710: 1690:Harvard University 1584: 1547:and leader of the 1398:(the precursor to 1253:minister of labour 1211:who was the tenth 1120:Harvard University 797:William MacDiarmid 688:Minister of Labour 525:Louis St. Laurent 289:R. B. Bennett 214:R. B. Bennett 13700:Canadian diarists 13493: 13492: 13487: 13486: 13479:Canada portal 13412:COVID-19 pandemic 13017:Lester B. Pearson 12987:Lester B. Pearson 12937:Lester B. Pearson 12917:Lester B. Pearson 12907:Louis St. Laurent 12887:Barbara Ann Scott 12832: 12831: 12484: 12483: 12104: 12103: 11626: 11625: 11329: 11328: 10987: 10986: 10874: 10873: 10642: 10641: 10506: 10505: 10290: 10289: 10277:Louis St. Laurent 10247:Lester B. Pearson 10237:Humphrey Mitchell 10217:Andrew McNaughton 10172:James Horace King 10132:Alphonse Fournier 10001: 10000: 9996: 9995: 9987:Succeeded by 9984:February 9, 1925 9954:Louis St. Laurent 9951:Succeeded by 9938: 9915:Succeeded by 9863:Louis St. Laurent 9860:Succeeded by 9800:Succeeded by 9729:Succeeded by 9702:Succeeded by 9673:Succeeded by 9645:Succeeded by 9615:Succeeded by 9590:Alfred E. MacLean 9587:Succeeded by 9559:Succeeded by 9544:Joseph E. Seagram 9381:Television series 9117:Scholarly studies 9030:978-1-4426-5560-7 8886:978-1-4434-0342-9 8681:978-1-4597-2417-4 8651:, August 2, 2019. 8633:, March 25, 1988. 8549:978-0-7735-1697-7 8522:978-1-55365-560-2 8495:978-1-55199-483-3 8459:(1976) 81#3: 699. 8390:978-1-55488-289-2 8349:978-1-55365-560-2 8168:978-1-4597-0590-6 7598:Maurice Duplessis 7330:"Ernest Lapointe" 7285:978-0-19-927164-1 7234:William Shawcross 7216:978-0-919630-31-4 7191:978-1-4597-1237-9 7094:978-1-55458-666-0 6910:978-0-7710-1530-4 6670:978-0-8191-9350-6 6557:978-1-4504-2417-2 6530:, 2nd Edition by 6503:978-0-7735-6066-6 6386:978-0-7748-5868-7 5652:978-0-8020-3575-2 5624:978-1-77100-068-0 5304:on April 15, 2014 5243:Lethbridge Herald 5128:, pp. 37–38. 5081:978-0-8020-1083-4 4955:City of Kitchener 4912:978-0-07-082304-4 4632:Robert Taschereau 4560: 4559: 4525: 4524: 4374:Honorary degrees 4366: 4365: 4332:Grand croix de l' 4311:Grand Croix de l' 4221:Companion of the 4207:17 November 1947. 4043:Kingsmere, Quebec 4020:Kingsmere, Quebec 3980:Quebec Conference 3965:Willie: A Romance 3935: 3934: 3927: 3853:Christopher Moore 3789:Leonardo da Vinci 3766:King and Senator 3658:Canadian citizens 3646:, January 3, 1947 3614:Louis St. Laurent 3558:, fellow Liberal 3447:Maurice Duplessis 3329:Louis St. Laurent 3239:Political affairs 3217:Winston Churchill 3147:Quebec lieutenant 3091:Winston Churchill 3068:Winston Churchill 2887:premier of Quebec 2877:Maurice Duplessis 2857:Western Canadians 2840:National Film Act 2786:crown corporation 2688:, had planned to 2593:landslide victory 2351:British Dominions 2278:British diplomat 2151:Beauharnois Canal 1994:Progressive Party 1842:hired him at the 1680:and working with 1543:, first mayor of 1502:Charles de Gaulle 1498:Winston Churchill 1388:family allowances 1366:landslide victory 1312:Progressive Party 1185: 1184: 1167: 1034:December 17, 1874 994: 993: 977:Joseph E. Seagram 740: 739: 600:Louis St. Laurent 529: 528: 251:Governors General 226:Louis St. Laurent 177:Governors General 84: 83: 63:length guidelines 16:(Redirected from 13842: 13650: 13642: 13641: 13640: 13633: 13625: 13624: 13623: 13616: 13608: 13607: 13606: 13599: 13591: 13590: 13589: 13582: 13574: 13573: 13572: 13562: 13546: 13545: 13534: 13533: 13522: 13521: 13520: 13510: 13509: 13508: 13501: 13477: 13476: 13475: 13465: 13464: 13463: 13442:Pierre Poilievre 13391:Humboldt Broncos 13317:Russell Williams 13177:Jacques Parizeau 13007:John Diefenbaker 12947:John Diefenbaker 12859: 12852: 12845: 12836: 12835: 12511: 12504: 12497: 12488: 12487: 12131: 12124: 12117: 12108: 12107: 11653: 11646: 11639: 11630: 11629: 11589: 11356: 11349: 11342: 11333: 11332: 11316:Liberal–Unionist 11311:Laurier Liberals 11273: 11270: 11260: 11259: 11250: 11247: 11243: 11242: 11227: 11224: 10883: 10882: 10660: 10659: 10656:National leaders 10650: 10598:British Columbia 10551: 10550: 10533: 10526: 10519: 10510: 10509: 10496: 10495: 10486: 10485: 10317: 10310: 10303: 10294: 10293: 10041: 10034: 10027: 10018: 10017: 10005: 10004: 9966:Preceded by 9936: 9930:Preceded by 9832:Preceded by 9739:Preceded by 9712:Preceded by 9676:William J. Major 9655:Preceded by 9639: 9628:Charles McDonald 9625:Preceded by 9597:Preceded by 9569:Preceded by 9541:Preceded by 9531: 9530: 9519: 9518: 9409: 9387:Brittain, Donald 9231: 9211: 9128: 9112: 9080: 9067: 9065: 9063: 9034: 9008: 8986: 8970: 8958: 8929: 8890: 8852: 8851: 8849: 8847: 8838: 8830: 8824: 8823: 8812: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8787: 8781: 8780: 8778: 8776: 8767: 8759: 8753: 8752: 8750: 8748: 8734: 8728: 8727: 8725: 8723: 8714:. Archived from 8704: 8695: 8692: 8686: 8685: 8665: 8652: 8640: 8634: 8625: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8595: 8586: 8572: 8566: 8560: 8554: 8553: 8533: 8527: 8526: 8506: 8500: 8499: 8479: 8473: 8470:Canada's History 8466: 8460: 8453: 8447: 8446: 8438: 8432: 8427: 8421: 8420: 8418: 8408: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8397: 8374: 8368: 8363: 8354: 8353: 8333: 8327: 8326: 8324: 8322: 8307: 8301: 8300: 8285:Canada's History 8280: 8271: 8269: 8248: 8242: 8241: 8239: 8237: 8222: 8216: 8215: 8208:Neatby, H. Blair 8204: 8198: 8197: 8179: 8173: 8172: 8152: 8146: 8145: 8143: 8141: 8122: 8116: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8098: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8073: 8067: 8066: 8064: 8062: 8051: 8045: 8044: 8042: 8040: 8031:. Archived from 8021: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8010: 8005:. March 22, 2010 7991: 7985: 7984: 7982: 7980: 7966:10.2307/40194144 7945: 7939: 7938: 7936: 7926: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7915: 7901: 7895: 7892: 7886: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7866: 7860: 7857: 7851: 7850: 7833:Bothwell, Robert 7829: 7823: 7822: 7805: 7799: 7798: 7796: 7794: 7788: 7782:. Archived from 7771: 7760: 7754: 7751: 7745: 7742: 7736: 7733: 7727: 7724: 7718: 7715: 7709: 7706: 7700: 7697: 7691: 7690: 7679:10.2307/20029058 7662: 7656: 7655: 7650: 7648: 7634: 7628: 7627: 7625: 7623: 7608: 7602: 7601: 7593: 7587: 7586: 7578: 7572: 7571: 7569: 7567: 7552: 7546: 7545: 7537: 7531: 7530:(1998) pp 49-64. 7524: 7518: 7517: 7515: 7513: 7498: 7492: 7491: 7489: 7487: 7472: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7461: 7447: 7441: 7440: 7438: 7436: 7422: 7416: 7415: 7410: 7408: 7394: 7388: 7387: 7369: 7363: 7362: 7354: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7325: 7319: 7318: 7313: 7311: 7296: 7290: 7289: 7269: 7263: 7262: 7260: 7258: 7243: 7237: 7227: 7221: 7220: 7202: 7196: 7195: 7175: 7169: 7168: 7150: 7144: 7143: 7117: 7111: 7105: 7099: 7098: 7078: 7072: 7071: 7051: 7045: 7044: 7008: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6978: 6972: 6971: 6954:Middlemas, Keith 6950: 6944: 6943: 6931: 6921: 6915: 6914: 6898: 6888: 6882: 6881: 6861: 6855: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6835: 6829: 6828: 6826: 6824: 6809: 6803: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6778: 6772: 6758: 6752: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6732: 6726: 6725: 6723: 6721: 6707: 6701: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6681: 6675: 6674: 6654: 6648: 6647: 6635: 6629: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6619:on March 4, 2016 6615:. Archived from 6609: 6603: 6602: 6582: 6576: 6575: 6568: 6562: 6561: 6541: 6535: 6534:, published 1996 6525: 6519: 6514: 6508: 6507: 6487: 6481: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6447: 6438: 6432: 6426: 6425: 6414:10.2307/40202349 6397: 6391: 6390: 6370: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6359: 6344: 6338: 6336: 6320: 6314: 6308: 6302: 6301: 6285: 6275: 6269: 6268:, Vol. 2, p. 312 6263: 6257: 6254: 6248: 6245: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6225:. Archived from 6214: 6208: 6207: 6191: 6185: 6180:Vincent Massey, 6178: 6172: 6171:, Vol. 2, p. 32. 6166: 6160: 6159: 6141: 6135: 6134: 6122: 6112: 6106: 6100: 6094: 6093: 6091: 6089: 6079:"Halibut Treaty" 6074: 6068: 6062: 6056: 6050: 6044: 6038: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6027: 6018:. Archived from 6008: 6002: 6001: 5984:Canada 1922–1939 5979: 5973: 5972: 5942: 5936: 5933:Hutchison (1952) 5930: 5924: 5923: 5887: 5881: 5880: 5860: 5854: 5853: 5843: 5837: 5834: 5828: 5827: 5825: 5823: 5809: 5803: 5800:Hutchison (1952) 5797: 5791: 5789:Hutchison (1952) 5786: 5773: 5767: 5761: 5755: 5749: 5748: 5737: 5731: 5730: 5717: 5711: 5710: 5692: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5663: 5657: 5656: 5638: 5629: 5628: 5608: 5602: 5596: 5590: 5589: 5575: 5566: 5565: 5529: 5523: 5517: 5511: 5505: 5499: 5498: 5480: 5474: 5468: 5462: 5461: 5459: 5457: 5448:. Archived from 5442: 5436: 5434: 5424: 5415:Hutchison, Bruce 5410: 5404: 5403: 5391: 5385: 5379: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5348: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5311: 5309: 5300:. Archived from 5290: 5284: 5278: 5272: 5271: 5261: 5255: 5254: 5253: 5247: 5233: 5224: 5223: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5179: 5173: 5172: 5152: 5146: 5145: 5135: 5129: 5123: 5117: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5093: 5087: 5085: 5073: 5063: 5057: 5056: 5016: 5010: 5008: 4987: 4981: 4972: 4966: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4952: 4944: 4938: 4937: 4931: 4923: 4917: 4916: 4904: 4894: 4888: 4887: 4879: 4873: 4872: 4844: 4838: 4837: 4824: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4792: 4745: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4729:Historica Canada 4714: 4697: 4694: 4663:Electoral record 4555: 4552: 4534: 4533: 4527: 4507: 4505: 4504: 4481: 4479: 4478: 4455: 4453: 4452: 4429: 4427: 4426: 4400: 4398: 4397: 4376: 4372: 4369:Honorary degrees 4355:Ordre de Léopold 4350: 4329: 4308: 4272: 4236: 4218: 4192: 4174: 4173: 4170: 4165: 4160: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4138: 3930: 3923: 3919: 3916: 3910: 3887: 3879: 3864:nation united." 3846:Jack Granatstein 3829:Governor General 3717: 3716: 3712: 3709: 3662:British subjects 3611:Justice Minister 3603:Royal Commission 3480:Aleutian Islands 3355:War Measures Act 3317:defence minister 3306:Mitchell Hepburn 3304:Ontario Premier 3274:War Measures Act 3201:in building the 3107:Norman Robertson 3023:Second World War 2988:Oscar D. Skelton 2984:Munich Agreement 2758:Western Canadian 2682:finance minister 2678:deficit spending 2623:Economic reforms 2587:By the time the 2526:election of 1930 2522:Great Depression 2478:old-age pensions 2413:W. R. Motherwell 2401:old age pensions 2366:Norman Robertson 2237:Irish Free State 2190:Canadian history 2182:Governor General 2176:King–Byng Affair 2170:King–Byng Affair 2155:Royal Commission 2147:House of Commons 2139:election in 1925 2097:British Columbia 1913:Wartime politics 1821:, which saw the 1518:Jack Granatstein 1490: 1489: 1485: 1482: 1466:. A modernizing 1421:French Canadians 1355:Great Depression 1351:old-age pensions 1339:King–Byng affair 1320:Governor General 1245:House of Commons 1225:Second World War 1221:Great Depression 1202: 1169: 1168: 1146: 1131: 1115: 1107: 1050: 1033: 1031: 1019:Personal details 985: 973: 964: 940: 928: 919: 895: 883: 874: 850: 842:Charles McDonald 838: 829: 805: 793: 784: 754: 753: 731: 719: 707: 698: 679: 669: 659: 650: 638: 628: 618: 609: 597: 587: 577: 568: 543: 542: 522: 512: 503: 484: 472: 458: 449: 437: 427: 417: 408: 396: 386: 376: 367: 342: 341: 333: 323: 313:Governor General 298: 286: 274: 236: 222: 210: 144: 120: 110: 86: 85: 79: 76: 70: 61:Please read the 47: 46: 39: 21: 13850: 13849: 13845: 13844: 13843: 13841: 13840: 13839: 13655: 13654: 13653: 13643: 13638: 13636: 13626: 13621: 13619: 13615:from Wikisource 13609: 13604: 13602: 13592: 13587: 13585: 13575: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13561:sister projects 13558:at Knowledge's 13552: 13540: 13528: 13518: 13516: 13506: 13504: 13496: 13494: 13489: 13488: 13483: 13473: 13471: 13461: 13459: 13451: 13357:Patrice Vincent 13207:Sheldon Kennedy 13187:Lucien Bouchard 12868: 12863: 12833: 12828: 12520: 12515: 12485: 12480: 12140: 12135: 12105: 12100: 12097: 12093: 12086: 12060: 12039: 11983: 11975: 11969: 11952: 11946: 11919: 11913: 11881: 11875: 11662: 11657: 11627: 11622: 11587: 11523: 11482: 11365: 11360: 11330: 11325: 11289:Related parties 11284: 11279:in Newfoundland 11271: 11248: 11225: 11200: 10993: 10983: 10979:41st Parliament 10974:40th Parliament 10969:39th Parliament 10962:Shadow cabinets 10957: 10928:P. E. Trudeau 1 10870: 10800: 10754: 10651: 10638: 10580: 10547:Related parties 10542: 10537: 10507: 10502: 10474: 10326: 10321: 10291: 10286: 10262:Fernand Rinfret 10222:Paul Martin Sr. 10182:Ernest Lapointe 10112:Raoul Dandurand 10097:Lionel Chevrier 10077:Ernest Bertrand 10058: 10045: 10010: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9983: 9971: 9956: 9947: 9939: 9935: 9933:Daniel McKenzie 9920: 9911: 9904:Deputy Minister 9886: 9875: 9865: 9856: 9845: 9837: 9826: 9815: 9805: 9796: 9785: 9774: 9763: 9752: 9744: 9734: 9725: 9717: 9715:Daniel McKenzie 9707: 9698: 9678: 9669: 9660: 9650: 9641: 9634: 9630: 9620: 9611: 9602: 9592: 9583: 9574: 9564: 9555: 9546: 9524: 9465:Wayback Machine 9424:H. Blair Neatby 9402: 9383: 9306:Wayback Machine 9280: 9278:Primary sources 9220: 9161:Wayback Machine 9145:(1975). 205 pp. 9119: 9061: 9059: 9058:on June 5, 2011 9031: 9005: 8983: 8955: 8887: 8866: 8861: 8859:Further reading 8856: 8855: 8845: 8843: 8836: 8832: 8831: 8827: 8814: 8813: 8809: 8799: 8797: 8789: 8788: 8784: 8774: 8772: 8765: 8761: 8760: 8756: 8746: 8744: 8736: 8735: 8731: 8721: 8719: 8706: 8705: 8698: 8693: 8689: 8682: 8666: 8655: 8641: 8637: 8626: 8622: 8612: 8610: 8609:on July 4, 2009 8597: 8596: 8589: 8573: 8569: 8561: 8557: 8550: 8534: 8530: 8523: 8507: 8503: 8496: 8480: 8476: 8467: 8463: 8454: 8450: 8439: 8435: 8428: 8424: 8409: 8405: 8395: 8393: 8391: 8375: 8371: 8364: 8357: 8350: 8334: 8330: 8320: 8318: 8309: 8308: 8304: 8281: 8274: 8266: 8249: 8245: 8235: 8233: 8224: 8223: 8219: 8205: 8201: 8194: 8180: 8176: 8169: 8153: 8149: 8139: 8137: 8124: 8123: 8119: 8109: 8107: 8100: 8099: 8095: 8085: 8083: 8075: 8074: 8070: 8060: 8058: 8052: 8048: 8038: 8036: 8023: 8022: 8018: 8008: 8006: 7993: 7992: 7988: 7978: 7976: 7946: 7942: 7927: 7923: 7913: 7911: 7903: 7902: 7898: 7893: 7889: 7879: 7877: 7867: 7863: 7858: 7854: 7847: 7830: 7826: 7819: 7807: 7806: 7802: 7792: 7790: 7786: 7780: 7769: 7761: 7757: 7752: 7748: 7743: 7739: 7734: 7730: 7725: 7721: 7716: 7712: 7707: 7703: 7698: 7694: 7667:Foreign Affairs 7663: 7659: 7646: 7644: 7636: 7635: 7631: 7621: 7619: 7609: 7605: 7594: 7590: 7579: 7575: 7565: 7563: 7553: 7549: 7538: 7534: 7525: 7521: 7511: 7509: 7499: 7495: 7485: 7483: 7473: 7469: 7459: 7457: 7449: 7448: 7444: 7434: 7432: 7424: 7423: 7419: 7406: 7404: 7396: 7395: 7391: 7384: 7370: 7366: 7355: 7348: 7338: 7336: 7326: 7322: 7309: 7307: 7298: 7297: 7293: 7286: 7270: 7266: 7256: 7254: 7244: 7240: 7228: 7224: 7217: 7203: 7199: 7192: 7176: 7172: 7165: 7151: 7147: 7140: 7118: 7114: 7106: 7102: 7095: 7079: 7075: 7052: 7048: 7009: 7005: 6995: 6993: 6980: 6979: 6975: 6968: 6951: 6947: 6940: 6922: 6918: 6911: 6889: 6885: 6866:Ontario History 6862: 6858: 6848: 6846: 6836: 6832: 6822: 6820: 6810: 6806: 6796: 6794: 6779: 6775: 6769:Wayback Machine 6759: 6755: 6745: 6743: 6733: 6729: 6719: 6717: 6709: 6708: 6704: 6694: 6692: 6682: 6678: 6671: 6655: 6651: 6636: 6632: 6622: 6620: 6611: 6610: 6606: 6599: 6583: 6579: 6570: 6569: 6565: 6558: 6542: 6538: 6526: 6522: 6515: 6511: 6504: 6488: 6484: 6473: 6469: 6462: 6448: 6441: 6433: 6429: 6398: 6394: 6387: 6371: 6367: 6357: 6355: 6346: 6345: 6341: 6321: 6317: 6309: 6305: 6298: 6276: 6272: 6264: 6260: 6255: 6251: 6246: 6242: 6232: 6230: 6215: 6211: 6192: 6188: 6179: 6175: 6167: 6163: 6156: 6142: 6138: 6131: 6113: 6109: 6101: 6097: 6087: 6085: 6075: 6071: 6063: 6059: 6051: 6047: 6039: 6035: 6025: 6023: 6010: 6009: 6005: 5998: 5980: 5976: 5955:(361): 541–53. 5948:The Round Table 5943: 5939: 5931: 5927: 5888: 5884: 5861: 5857: 5844: 5840: 5835: 5831: 5821: 5819: 5811: 5810: 5806: 5798: 5794: 5787: 5776: 5768: 5764: 5756: 5752: 5738: 5734: 5718: 5714: 5707: 5693: 5686: 5676: 5674: 5665: 5664: 5660: 5653: 5639: 5632: 5625: 5609: 5605: 5597: 5593: 5576: 5569: 5530: 5526: 5518: 5514: 5506: 5502: 5495: 5481: 5477: 5469: 5465: 5455: 5453: 5444: 5443: 5439: 5411: 5407: 5392: 5388: 5380: 5376: 5366: 5364: 5349: 5342: 5332: 5330: 5322: 5321: 5317: 5307: 5305: 5292: 5291: 5287: 5279: 5275: 5262: 5258: 5248: 5234: 5227: 5214: 5210: 5197: 5193: 5180: 5176: 5153: 5149: 5136: 5132: 5124: 5120: 5110: 5108: 5095: 5094: 5090: 5082: 5064: 5060: 5017: 5013: 5005: 4988: 4984: 4975:The King Family 4973: 4969: 4959: 4957: 4950: 4946: 4945: 4941: 4924: 4920: 4913: 4895: 4891: 4880: 4876: 4845: 4841: 4825: 4821: 4811: 4809: 4793: 4748: 4738: 4736: 4719:"Welfare State" 4715: 4711: 4706: 4701: 4700: 4695: 4691: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4665: 4565: 4556: 4550: 4547: 4531: 4502: 4500: 4476: 4474: 4465:Yale University 4450: 4448: 4424: 4422: 4395: 4393: 4371: 4172: 4155: 4139: 4131: 4103:Donald Brittain 3987:Parti Québécois 3931: 3920: 3914: 3911: 3900: 3888: 3877: 3861:H. Blair Neatby 3837: 3825:Lord Tweedsmuir 3793:Wilfrid Laurier 3768:Raoul Dandurand 3748: 3724: 3714: 3710: 3707: 3705: 3698: 3622: 3576: 3518:social security 3510: 3505: 3503:Post-war Canada 3451:Union Nationale 3443: 3437: 3397: 3360:Jasper, Alberta 3346: 3337: 3313:C. D. Howe 3253:Adélard Godbout 3249:Quebec Liberals 3241: 3227:against German 3175:Royal Air Force 3167: 3151:Ernest Lapointe 3127: 3037:Queen Elizabeth 3025: 3013:Frederick Blair 2917:, King had the 2911: 2903:Ernest Lapointe 2884:Union Nationale 2853: 2836:Canadian cinema 2809: 2774: 2750: 2735: 2702: 2666: 2643: 2641:Social programs 2630: 2625: 2609: 2578:budget deficits 2538: 2518: 2437:Robert McKenzie 2393: 2343:Washington D.C. 2272: 2178: 2172: 2141:, in which the 2137:King called an 2135: 2118: 2110:Austria-Hungary 2105:Immigration Act 2082: 2054:National Policy 2038: 2022: 2002: 1981: 1965:Ernest Lapointe 1956: 1951: 1915: 1903:Ludlow massacre 1872:Wilfrid Laurier 1849:Ludlow Massacre 1836: 1831: 1800:Wilfrid Laurier 1790:, representing 1776: 1737:Parliament Hill 1702: 1639:deputy minister 1637:and make him a 1576: 1530: 1487: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1441:Western nations 1429:victory in 1945 1392:welfare program 1257:Wilfrid Laurier 1190: 1177: 1176: 1175: 1174: 1173: 1170: 1162: 1159: 1134: 1118: 1113: 1093: 1072:Political party 1054:Chelsea, Quebec 1052: 1048: 1037:Berlin, Ontario 1035: 1029: 1027: 983: 971: 965: 960: 951: 938: 926: 920: 915: 906: 893: 881: 875: 870: 861: 848: 836: 830: 825: 816: 803: 791: 785: 780: 771: 759: 729: 717: 711:Wilfrid Laurier 705: 699: 694: 677: 667: 657: 651: 646: 636: 626: 616: 610: 605: 595: 585: 575: 569: 564: 548: 520: 510: 504: 499: 482: 470: 464: 456: 450: 445: 435: 425: 415: 409: 404: 394: 384: 374: 368: 363: 347: 336:Arthur Meighen 331: 321: 299: 294: 284: 272: 267: 237: 232: 220: 208: 203: 172: 145: 140: 123: 111: 98: 96: 93: 80: 74: 71: 60: 57:may be too long 52:This article's 48: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 13848: 13838: 13837: 13832: 13827: 13822: 13817: 13812: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13792: 13787: 13782: 13777: 13772: 13767: 13762: 13757: 13752: 13747: 13742: 13737: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13717: 13712: 13707: 13702: 13697: 13692: 13687: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13652: 13651: 13634: 13632:from Wikibooks 13617: 13600: 13598:from Wikiquote 13583: 13554: 13551: 13550: 13538: 13526: 13514: 13491: 13490: 13485: 13484: 13482: 13481: 13469: 13456: 13453: 13452: 13450: 13449: 13448: 13447: 13439: 13438: 13437: 13429: 13428: 13427: 13419: 13418: 13417: 13408: 13407: 13406: 13398: 13397: 13396: 13388: 13387: 13386: 13378: 13377: 13376: 13371:Justin Trudeau 13368: 13367: 13366: 13361:Nathan Cirillo 13354: 13353: 13352: 13344: 13343: 13342: 13334: 13333: 13332: 13324: 13323: 13322: 13314: 13313: 13312: 13307:Stephen Harper 13304: 13303: 13302: 13294: 13293: 13292: 13284: 13283: 13282: 13274: 13273: 13272: 13264: 13263: 13262: 13254: 13253: 13252: 13244: 13243: 13242: 13237:Pierre Trudeau 13234: 13233: 13232: 13227:Pierre Trudeau 13224: 13223: 13222: 13214: 13213: 13212: 13204: 13203: 13202: 13197:Donovan Bailey 13194: 13193: 13192: 13184: 13183: 13182: 13174: 13173: 13172: 13164: 13163: 13162: 13154: 13153: 13152: 13147:Brian Mulroney 13144: 13143: 13142: 13134: 13133: 13132: 13127:Michael Wilson 13124: 13123: 13122: 13114: 13113: 13112: 13104: 13103: 13102: 13094: 13093: 13092: 13087:Brian Mulroney 13084: 13083: 13082: 13074: 13073: 13072: 13064: 13063: 13062: 13054: 13053: 13052: 13047:Pierre Trudeau 13044: 13043: 13042: 13034: 13033: 13032: 13027:Pierre Trudeau 13024: 13023: 13022: 13014: 13013: 13012: 13004: 13003: 13002: 12994: 12993: 12992: 12984: 12983: 12982: 12974: 12973: 12972: 12964: 12963: 12962: 12957:Joey Smallwood 12954: 12953: 12952: 12944: 12943: 12942: 12934: 12933: 12932: 12924: 12923: 12922: 12914: 12913: 12912: 12904: 12903: 12902: 12894: 12893: 12892: 12884: 12883: 12882: 12873: 12870: 12869: 12862: 12861: 12854: 12847: 12839: 12830: 12829: 12827: 12826: 12821: 12816: 12811: 12806: 12801: 12796: 12791: 12786: 12781: 12776: 12771: 12766: 12761: 12756: 12751: 12746: 12741: 12736: 12731: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12711: 12706: 12701: 12696: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12676: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12656: 12651: 12646: 12641: 12636: 12631: 12626: 12621: 12616: 12611: 12606: 12601: 12596: 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11306:Liberal–Labour 11303: 11298: 11292: 11290: 11286: 11285: 11283: 11282: 11275: 11262: 11252: 11240:Parti canadien 11235: 11229: 11216: 11210: 11208: 11202: 11201: 11199: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11108: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10997: 10995: 10989: 10988: 10985: 10984: 10982: 10981: 10976: 10971: 10965: 10963: 10959: 10958: 10956: 10955: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10910: 10905: 10900: 10895: 10889: 10887: 10880: 10876: 10875: 10872: 10871: 10869: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10831: 10826: 10821: 10816: 10810: 10808: 10802: 10801: 10799: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10783: 10778: 10773: 10768: 10762: 10760: 10759:Deputy Leaders 10756: 10755: 10753: 10752: 10747: 10742: 10737: 10732: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10712: 10707: 10702: 10697: 10692: 10687: 10682: 10677: 10672: 10666: 10664: 10657: 10653: 10652: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10639: 10637: 10636: 10631: 10625: 10619: 10613: 10607: 10601: 10595: 10588: 10586: 10582: 10581: 10579: 10578: 10573: 10568: 10563: 10557: 10555: 10548: 10544: 10543: 10536: 10535: 10528: 10521: 10513: 10504: 10503: 10501: 10500: 10490: 10479: 10476: 10475: 10473: 10472: 10467: 10462: 10457: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10397: 10392: 10387: 10382: 10377: 10372: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10331: 10328: 10327: 10320: 10319: 10312: 10305: 10297: 10288: 10287: 10285: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10249: 10244: 10239: 10234: 10229: 10224: 10219: 10214: 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10102:Brooke Claxton 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10072:Douglas Abbott 10063: 10060: 10059: 10052:Prime Minister 10044: 10043: 10036: 10029: 10021: 10015: 10012: 10011: 9999: 9998: 9994: 9993: 9988: 9985: 9972: 9969:Fritz Kreisler 9967: 9963: 9962: 9958: 9957: 9952: 9949: 9940: 9931: 9927: 9926: 9922: 9921: 9916: 9913: 9900: 9894: 9893: 9889: 9888: 9878: 9877: 9867: 9866: 9861: 9858: 9848: 9847: 9838: 9833: 9829: 9828: 9818: 9817: 9807: 9806: 9801: 9798: 9788: 9787: 9777: 9776: 9766: 9765: 9755: 9754: 9745: 9742:Arthur Meighen 9740: 9736: 9735: 9732:Arthur Meighen 9730: 9727: 9718: 9713: 9709: 9708: 9703: 9700: 9691: 9685: 9684: 9680: 9679: 9674: 9671: 9661: 9656: 9652: 9651: 9646: 9643: 9631: 9626: 9622: 9621: 9616: 9613: 9603: 9600:John Armstrong 9598: 9594: 9593: 9588: 9585: 9575: 9570: 9566: 9565: 9560: 9557: 9552:Waterloo North 9547: 9542: 9538: 9537: 9529: 9526: 9525: 9516: 9515: 9502: 9497: 9491: 9486: 9476: 9467: 9455: 9450: 9437: 9421: 9416: 9414: 9401: 9400:External links 9398: 9397: 9396: 9382: 9379: 9378: 9377: 9367: 9366:(2002). 244pp. 9360: 9350: 9336: 9321: 9313: 9299:online edition 9291: 9279: 9276: 9275: 9274: 9267: 9250: 9240: 9232: 9218: 9201: 9194: 9185: 9178: 9173:Eayrs, James. 9171: 9164: 9154:online edition 9146: 9139: 9129: 9118: 9115: 9114: 9113: 9082: 9068: 9045: 9035: 9029: 9010: 9003: 8988: 8981: 8960: 8953: 8940: 8930: 8891: 8885: 8871:Bliss, Michael 8865: 8862: 8860: 8857: 8854: 8853: 8825: 8807: 8782: 8754: 8729: 8696: 8687: 8680: 8653: 8635: 8620: 8587: 8567: 8555: 8548: 8528: 8521: 8501: 8494: 8474: 8461: 8448: 8433: 8422: 8403: 8389: 8369: 8355: 8348: 8328: 8311:"Weird Willie" 8302: 8272: 8264: 8243: 8217: 8199: 8192: 8174: 8167: 8147: 8117: 8093: 8068: 8046: 8016: 7986: 7960:(3): 250–261. 7940: 7921: 7896: 7887: 7861: 7852: 7845: 7824: 7817: 7800: 7778: 7755: 7746: 7737: 7728: 7719: 7710: 7701: 7692: 7673:(1): 222–236. 7657: 7629: 7603: 7588: 7573: 7547: 7532: 7519: 7493: 7467: 7442: 7417: 7402:Wartime Canada 7389: 7382: 7364: 7346: 7320: 7291: 7284: 7264: 7238: 7222: 7215: 7197: 7190: 7170: 7163: 7145: 7138: 7112: 7100: 7093: 7073: 7062:(4): 502–512. 7046: 7003: 6973: 6966: 6945: 6938: 6916: 6909: 6883: 6856: 6830: 6804: 6773: 6753: 6727: 6715:Bank of Canada 6702: 6676: 6669: 6649: 6630: 6604: 6597: 6577: 6563: 6556: 6536: 6520: 6509: 6502: 6482: 6467: 6460: 6439: 6427: 6392: 6385: 6365: 6354:. July 7, 2015 6339: 6315: 6303: 6296: 6270: 6258: 6249: 6240: 6209: 6186: 6173: 6161: 6154: 6136: 6129: 6107: 6095: 6069: 6067:, p. 419. 6057: 6055:, p. 409. 6045: 6033: 6003: 5996: 5974: 5937: 5925: 5882: 5871:(4): 618–642. 5855: 5838: 5829: 5804: 5792: 5774: 5762: 5750: 5732: 5712: 5705: 5684: 5658: 5651: 5630: 5623: 5603: 5591: 5567: 5524: 5512: 5500: 5493: 5475: 5463: 5437: 5405: 5386: 5374: 5340: 5315: 5285: 5273: 5256: 5225: 5208: 5191: 5174: 5163:(4): 490–503. 5147: 5130: 5118: 5088: 5080: 5058: 5011: 5003: 4982: 4977:, courtesy of 4967: 4939: 4918: 4911: 4889: 4874: 4839: 4828:Bliss, Michael 4819: 4746: 4708: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4699: 4698: 4688: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4667:Main article: 4664: 4661: 4660: 4659: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4635: 4629: 4623: 4617: 4611: 4605: 4599: 4593: 4586:Puisne Justice 4579: 4564: 4561: 4558: 4557: 4537: 4535: 4523: 4522: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4497: 4496: 4493: 4488: 4483: 4471: 4470: 4467: 4462: 4457: 4445: 4444: 4441: 4436: 4431: 4419: 4418: 4415:Doctor of Laws 4412: 4407: 4402: 4390: 4389: 4386: 4383: 4380: 4370: 4367: 4364: 4363: 4362: 4361: 4357: 4351: 4343: 4342: 4341: 4340: 4336: 4330: 4322: 4321: 4320: 4319: 4315: 4309: 4301: 4300: 4299: 4298: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4265: 4264: 4263: 4262: 4247: 4242: 4237: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4219: 4211: 4210: 4209: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4199: 4196:Order of Merit 4193: 4185: 4184: 4181: 4178: 4132: 4130: 4127: 4117:Matthew Rankin 3957:Allan Stratton 3933: 3932: 3891: 3889: 3882: 3876: 3873: 3841:George Stanley 3836: 3833: 3747: 3744: 3723: 3720: 3697: 3694: 3681:Joey Smallwood 3621: 3618: 3580:United Nations 3575: 3572: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3436: 3433: 3396: 3393: 3348:Following the 3345: 3342: 3336: 3333: 3269:English Canada 3240: 3237: 3203:Alaska Highway 3166: 3165:Foreign policy 3163: 3131:Norman Hillmer 3126: 3123: 3041:Banff, Alberta 3033:King George VI 3024: 3021: 2980:Czechoslovakia 2962:Richard Wagner 2910: 2907: 2852: 2849: 2808: 2805: 2801:Bank of Canada 2773: 2770: 2749: 2746: 2734: 2731: 2701: 2698: 2665: 2662: 2642: 2639: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2608: 2605: 2537: 2534: 2517: 2516:Defeat in 1930 2514: 2482:Cairine Wilson 2453:Malcolm McLean 2433:C. R. McIntosh 2392: 2389: 2385:Vincent Massey 2362:Lester Pearson 2329:Halibut Treaty 2308:Violet Markham 2284:Vincent Massey 2271: 2268: 2241:British Empire 2174:Main article: 2171: 2168: 2134: 2131: 2123:City Beautiful 2117: 2114: 2081: 2078: 2046:non-confidence 2037: 2034: 2021: 2018: 2014:Arthur Meighen 2001: 1998: 1980: 1977: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1914: 1911: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1792:Waterloo North 1775: 1772: 1714:Labour Gazette 1701: 1698: 1629:and President 1623:William Mulock 1608:Arthur Meighen 1575: 1572: 1529: 1526: 1300:Halibut Treaty 1207:statesman and 1183: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1171: 1160: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1151: 1148: 1147: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1133: 1132: 1116: 1108: 1087: 1085: 1079: 1078: 1073: 1069: 1068: 1067:, Ontario 1062: 1058: 1057: 1051:(aged 75) 1045: 1041: 1040: 1025: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1004: 1003: 1000: 999: 996: 995: 992: 991: 986: 980: 979: 974: 968: 967: 957: 956: 954:Waterloo North 947: 946: 941: 935: 934: 929: 923: 922: 912: 911: 902: 901: 896: 890: 889: 887:John Armstrong 884: 878: 877: 867: 866: 857: 856: 851: 845: 844: 839: 833: 832: 822: 821: 812: 811: 806: 800: 799: 794: 788: 787: 777: 776: 765: 764: 761: 760: 757: 750: 749: 746: 745: 742: 741: 738: 737: 732: 726: 725: 720: 714: 713: 708: 706:Prime Minister 702: 701: 691: 690: 684: 683: 682:Arthur Meighen 680: 674: 673: 672:Arthur Meighen 670: 664: 663: 660: 658:Prime Minister 654: 653: 643: 642: 639: 633: 632: 631:Arthur Meighen 629: 623: 622: 619: 617:Prime Minister 613: 612: 602: 601: 598: 592: 591: 588: 582: 581: 578: 576:Prime Minister 572: 571: 561: 560: 554: 553: 550: 549: 546: 539: 538: 535: 534: 531: 530: 527: 526: 523: 517: 516: 513: 507: 506: 496: 495: 489: 488: 487:Arthur Meighen 485: 479: 478: 473: 467: 466: 465:Arthur Meighen 459: 457:Prime Minister 453: 452: 442: 441: 438: 432: 431: 430:Arthur Meighen 428: 422: 421: 420:Arthur Meighen 418: 416:Prime Minister 412: 411: 401: 400: 397: 391: 390: 387: 381: 380: 377: 375:Prime Minister 371: 370: 360: 359: 353: 352: 349: 348: 345: 338: 337: 334: 328: 327: 326:Arthur Meighen 324: 318: 317: 314: 310: 309: 306: 302: 301: 291: 290: 287: 281: 280: 278:Arthur Meighen 275: 269: 268: 266: 265: 260: 254: 252: 248: 247: 244: 240: 239: 229: 228: 223: 217: 216: 211: 205: 204: 202: 201: 196: 191: 186: 180: 178: 174: 173: 171: 170: 165: 160: 154: 152: 148: 147: 137: 136: 129: 128: 125: 124: 121: 113: 112: 97: 94: 89: 82: 81: 51: 49: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 13847: 13836: 13833: 13831: 13828: 13826: 13823: 13821: 13818: 13816: 13813: 13811: 13808: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13766: 13763: 13761: 13758: 13756: 13753: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13662: 13660: 13649:from Wikidata 13648: 13647: 13635: 13631: 13630: 13618: 13614: 13613: 13601: 13597: 13596: 13584: 13580: 13579: 13567: 13566: 13563: 13557: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13537: 13532: 13527: 13525: 13515: 13513: 13503: 13502: 13499: 13480: 13470: 13468: 13458: 13457: 13454: 13445: 13444: 13443: 13440: 13435: 13434: 13433: 13430: 13425: 13424: 13423: 13420: 13415: 13414: 13413: 13409: 13404: 13403: 13402: 13399: 13394: 13393: 13392: 13389: 13384: 13383: 13382: 13379: 13374: 13373: 13372: 13369: 13364: 13363: 13362: 13358: 13355: 13350: 13349: 13348: 13345: 13340: 13339: 13338: 13337:Luka Magnotta 13335: 13330: 13329: 13328: 13325: 13320: 13319: 13318: 13315: 13310: 13309: 13308: 13305: 13300: 13299: 13298: 13295: 13290: 13289: 13288: 13285: 13280: 13279: 13278: 13275: 13270: 13269: 13268: 13265: 13260: 13259: 13258: 13257:Jean Chrétien 13255: 13250: 13249: 13248: 13247:Stockwell Day 13245: 13240: 13239: 13238: 13235: 13230: 13229: 13228: 13225: 13220: 13219: 13218: 13217:Jean Chrétien 13215: 13210: 13209: 13208: 13205: 13200: 13199: 13198: 13195: 13190: 13189: 13188: 13185: 13180: 13179: 13178: 13175: 13170: 13169: 13168: 13165: 13160: 13159: 13158: 13155: 13150: 13149: 13148: 13145: 13140: 13139: 13138: 13137:Elijah Harper 13135: 13130: 13129: 13128: 13125: 13120: 13119: 13118: 13115: 13110: 13109: 13108: 13105: 13100: 13099: 13098: 13095: 13090: 13089: 13088: 13085: 13080: 13079: 13078: 13077:Wayne Gretzky 13075: 13070: 13069: 13068: 13065: 13060: 13059: 13058: 13055: 13050: 13049: 13048: 13045: 13040: 13039: 13038: 13037:René Lévesque 13035: 13030: 13029: 13028: 13025: 13020: 13019: 13018: 13015: 13010: 13009: 13008: 13005: 13000: 12999: 12998: 12997:Lucien Rivard 12995: 12990: 12989: 12988: 12985: 12980: 12979: 12978: 12977:Réal Caouette 12975: 12970: 12969: 12968: 12965: 12960: 12959: 12958: 12955: 12950: 12949: 12948: 12945: 12940: 12939: 12938: 12935: 12930: 12929: 12928: 12925: 12920: 12919: 12918: 12915: 12910: 12909: 12908: 12905: 12900: 12899: 12898: 12895: 12890: 12889: 12888: 12885: 12880: 12879: 12878: 12877:Igor Gouzenko 12875: 12874: 12871: 12867: 12860: 12855: 12853: 12848: 12846: 12841: 12840: 12837: 12825: 12822: 12820: 12817: 12815: 12812: 12810: 12807: 12805: 12802: 12800: 12797: 12795: 12792: 12790: 12787: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12760: 12757: 12755: 12752: 12750: 12747: 12745: 12742: 12740: 12737: 12735: 12732: 12730: 12727: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12710: 12707: 12705: 12702: 12700: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12680: 12677: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12660: 12657: 12655: 12652: 12650: 12647: 12645: 12642: 12640: 12637: 12635: 12632: 12630: 12627: 12625: 12622: 12620: 12617: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12605: 12602: 12600: 12597: 12595: 12592: 12590: 12587: 12585: 12582: 12580: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12552: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12540: 12537: 12535: 12532: 12530: 12527: 12526: 12523: 12519: 12512: 12507: 12505: 12500: 12498: 12493: 12492: 12489: 12477: 12474: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12357: 12354: 12352: 12349: 12347: 12344: 12341: 12338: 12335: 12332: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12322: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12305: 12302: 12300: 12297: 12295: 12292: 12290: 12287: 12285: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12270: 12267: 12265: 12262: 12260: 12257: 12255: 12252: 12250: 12247: 12245: 12242: 12240: 12237: 12235: 12232: 12230: 12227: 12225: 12222: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12192: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12172: 12170: 12167: 12165: 12162: 12160: 12157: 12155: 12152: 12150: 12147: 12146: 12143: 12139: 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11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11692:W. L. M. King 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11674: 11672: 11669: 11665: 11661: 11654: 11649: 11647: 11642: 11640: 11635: 11634: 11631: 11619: 11616: 11614: 11611: 11609: 11606: 11604: 11601: 11599: 11596: 11594: 11591: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11532: 11530: 11526: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11491: 11489: 11485: 11479: 11476: 11474: 11471: 11469: 11466: 11464: 11461: 11459: 11456: 11454: 11451: 11449: 11446: 11443: 11440: 11438: 11435: 11433: 11430: 11428: 11425: 11423: 11420: 11418: 11415: 11413: 11410: 11408: 11405: 11403: 11400: 11398: 11395: 11393: 11390: 11388: 11385: 11383: 11380: 11378: 11375: 11374: 11372: 11368: 11364: 11357: 11352: 11350: 11345: 11343: 11338: 11337: 11334: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11293: 11291: 11287: 11281: 11280: 11276: 11266: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11241: 11236: 11233: 11230: 11220: 11217: 11215: 11212: 11211: 11209: 11207: 11203: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10998: 10996: 10990: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10966: 10964: 10960: 10954: 10951: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10916: 10914: 10911: 10909: 10906: 10904: 10901: 10899: 10896: 10894: 10891: 10890: 10888: 10884: 10881: 10877: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10857: 10854: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10836: 10832: 10830: 10827: 10825: 10822: 10820: 10817: 10815: 10812: 10811: 10809: 10807: 10803: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10779: 10777: 10774: 10772: 10769: 10767: 10764: 10763: 10761: 10757: 10751: 10748: 10746: 10743: 10741: 10738: 10736: 10733: 10731: 10728: 10726: 10723: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10711: 10710:P. E. Trudeau 10708: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10667: 10665: 10661: 10658: 10654: 10649: 10635: 10632: 10629: 10626: 10623: 10620: 10617: 10614: 10611: 10608: 10605: 10602: 10599: 10596: 10593: 10590: 10589: 10587: 10583: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10561:New Brunswick 10559: 10558: 10556: 10552: 10549: 10545: 10541: 10534: 10529: 10527: 10522: 10520: 10515: 10514: 10511: 10499: 10491: 10489: 10481: 10480: 10477: 10471: 10468: 10466: 10463: 10461: 10458: 10456: 10453: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10435:P. E. Trudeau 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10425:P. E. Trudeau 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10401: 10398: 10396: 10393: 10391: 10388: 10386: 10383: 10381: 10378: 10376: 10373: 10371: 10368: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10332: 10329: 10325: 10318: 10313: 10311: 10306: 10304: 10299: 10298: 10295: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10257:James Ralston 10255: 10253: 10250: 10248: 10245: 10243: 10240: 10238: 10235: 10233: 10230: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10165: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10107:Thomas Crerar 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10069: 10068: 10067: 10061: 10056: 10053: 10049: 10048:Third cabinet 10042: 10037: 10035: 10030: 10028: 10023: 10022: 10019: 10013: 10006: 9991: 9982: 9981: 9979: 9970: 9964: 9959: 9955: 9946: 9945: 9934: 9928: 9923: 9919: 9910: 9909: 9905: 9899: 9895: 9890: 9885: 9884: 9879: 9874: 9873: 9868: 9864: 9855: 9854: 9849: 9844: 9843: 9836: 9835:R. B. Bennett 9830: 9825: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9813: 9808: 9804: 9803:R. B. Bennett 9795: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9783: 9778: 9773: 9772: 9767: 9762: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9750: 9743: 9737: 9733: 9724: 9723: 9716: 9710: 9706: 9697: 9696: 9690: 9686: 9681: 9677: 9668: 9667: 9659: 9653: 9649: 9640: 9638: 9637:Prince Albert 9629: 9623: 9619: 9610: 9609: 9601: 9595: 9591: 9582: 9581: 9573: 9567: 9563: 9554: 9553: 9545: 9539: 9536: 9532: 9527: 9520: 9514: 9510: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9484: 9480: 9477: 9474: 9473: 9468: 9466: 9462: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9448: 9447: 9442: 9438: 9435: 9434: 9429: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9408: 9404: 9403: 9394: 9393: 9388: 9385: 9384: 9375: 9371: 9368: 9365: 9361: 9359: 9355: 9351: 9348: 9344: 9340: 9337: 9334: 9330: 9326: 9322: 9319: 9318: 9314: 9311: 9307: 9303: 9300: 9296: 9292: 9289: 9285: 9282: 9281: 9272: 9268: 9265: 9264:0-80-202397-5 9261: 9257: 9254: 9253:Stacey, C. P. 9251: 9249: 9245: 9241: 9237: 9233: 9229: 9225: 9221: 9219:0-00-200027-X 9215: 9210: 9209: 9202: 9199: 9195: 9192: 9189: 9186: 9183: 9179: 9176: 9172: 9169: 9165: 9162: 9158: 9155: 9151: 9147: 9144: 9140: 9138: 9135:(2012) 472pp 9134: 9130: 9126: 9121: 9120: 9110: 9106: 9102: 9098: 9094: 9090: 9089: 9083: 9079:(2): 177–199. 9078: 9074: 9073:Prairie Forum 9069: 9062:September 18, 9057: 9053: 9052: 9046: 9044: 9040: 9036: 9032: 9026: 9022: 9018: 9017: 9011: 9006: 9004:0-88862-115-9 9000: 8996: 8995: 8989: 8984: 8982:0-8020-5502-8 8978: 8974: 8969: 8968: 8961: 8956: 8954:0-7705-1529-0 8950: 8946: 8941: 8939: 8935: 8931: 8927: 8923: 8919: 8915: 8911: 8907: 8904:(1): 77–100. 8903: 8899: 8898: 8892: 8888: 8882: 8878: 8877: 8872: 8868: 8867: 8842: 8835: 8829: 8821: 8817: 8811: 8796: 8792: 8786: 8771: 8764: 8758: 8743: 8739: 8733: 8717: 8713: 8709: 8703: 8701: 8691: 8683: 8677: 8673: 8672: 8664: 8662: 8660: 8658: 8650: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8632: 8631: 8624: 8608: 8604: 8600: 8594: 8592: 8584: 8580: 8576: 8571: 8564: 8559: 8551: 8545: 8541: 8540: 8532: 8524: 8518: 8514: 8513: 8505: 8497: 8491: 8487: 8486: 8478: 8471: 8465: 8458: 8452: 8444: 8437: 8431: 8430:Stacey (1985) 8426: 8419:. Gray's Pub. 8417: 8416: 8407: 8392: 8386: 8382: 8381: 8373: 8367: 8366:Stacey (1976) 8362: 8360: 8351: 8345: 8341: 8340: 8332: 8317:. Parli. 2021 8316: 8312: 8306: 8298: 8294: 8290: 8286: 8279: 8277: 8267: 8265:0-88780-136-6 8261: 8257: 8253: 8247: 8231: 8227: 8221: 8213: 8209: 8203: 8195: 8193:0-7705-1529-0 8189: 8185: 8178: 8170: 8164: 8160: 8159: 8151: 8135: 8131: 8127: 8121: 8106: 8103: 8097: 8082: 8078: 8072: 8057: 8050: 8034: 8030: 8026: 8020: 8004: 8000: 7996: 7990: 7975: 7971: 7967: 7963: 7959: 7955: 7951: 7944: 7935: 7934: 7925: 7910: 7906: 7900: 7891: 7876: 7872: 7865: 7856: 7848: 7846:0-8020-2670-2 7842: 7838: 7834: 7828: 7820: 7818:0-8020-5774-8 7814: 7810: 7804: 7785: 7781: 7779:0-88862-413-1 7775: 7768: 7767: 7759: 7750: 7741: 7732: 7723: 7714: 7705: 7696: 7688: 7684: 7680: 7676: 7672: 7668: 7661: 7654: 7643: 7639: 7633: 7618: 7614: 7607: 7599: 7592: 7584: 7577: 7562: 7558: 7551: 7543: 7536: 7529: 7523: 7508: 7504: 7497: 7482: 7478: 7471: 7456: 7452: 7446: 7431: 7427: 7421: 7414: 7403: 7399: 7393: 7385: 7383:0-275-95500-1 7379: 7375: 7368: 7360: 7353: 7351: 7335: 7331: 7324: 7317: 7305: 7301: 7295: 7287: 7281: 7277: 7276: 7268: 7253: 7249: 7242: 7235: 7231: 7226: 7218: 7212: 7208: 7201: 7193: 7187: 7183: 7182: 7174: 7166: 7164:0-7737-3084-2 7160: 7156: 7149: 7141: 7139:0-7146-4995-3 7135: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7116: 7110:, pp. 287–293 7109: 7108:Neatby (1976) 7104: 7096: 7090: 7086: 7085: 7077: 7069: 7065: 7061: 7057: 7050: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7007: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6977: 6969: 6967:0-297-99390-9 6963: 6959: 6955: 6949: 6941: 6939:0-8138-1865-6 6935: 6930: 6929: 6920: 6912: 6906: 6902: 6897: 6896: 6887: 6879: 6875: 6871: 6867: 6860: 6845: 6841: 6834: 6819: 6815: 6808: 6792: 6788: 6784: 6777: 6770: 6766: 6763: 6757: 6742: 6738: 6731: 6716: 6712: 6706: 6691: 6687: 6680: 6672: 6666: 6662: 6661: 6653: 6645: 6641: 6634: 6618: 6614: 6608: 6600: 6598:0-8032-4787-7 6594: 6590: 6589: 6581: 6573: 6567: 6559: 6553: 6549: 6548: 6540: 6533: 6529: 6524: 6518: 6513: 6505: 6499: 6495: 6494: 6486: 6479: 6476: 6471: 6463: 6461:0-7715-5661-6 6457: 6453: 6446: 6444: 6437:, pp. 143–48. 6436: 6435:Neatby (1976) 6431: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6396: 6388: 6382: 6378: 6377: 6369: 6353: 6349: 6343: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6319: 6312: 6311:Neatby (1963) 6307: 6299: 6297:0-7710-1270-5 6293: 6289: 6284: 6283: 6274: 6267: 6266:Neatby (1963) 6262: 6253: 6244: 6228: 6224: 6220: 6213: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6190: 6183: 6177: 6170: 6169:Neatby (1963) 6165: 6157: 6155:0-88619-169-6 6151: 6147: 6140: 6132: 6130:0-7735-0751-5 6126: 6121: 6120: 6111: 6104: 6099: 6084: 6080: 6073: 6066: 6061: 6054: 6049: 6042: 6037: 6021: 6017: 6013: 6007: 5999: 5997:0-7710-8564-8 5993: 5989: 5985: 5978: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5958: 5954: 5950: 5949: 5941: 5934: 5929: 5921: 5917: 5913: 5909: 5905: 5901: 5898:(2): 97–122. 5897: 5893: 5886: 5878: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5859: 5851: 5850: 5842: 5833: 5818: 5814: 5808: 5801: 5796: 5790: 5785: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5771: 5766: 5759: 5754: 5746: 5742: 5736: 5728: 5727: 5722: 5716: 5708: 5706:0-8020-4733-5 5702: 5698: 5691: 5689: 5672: 5668: 5662: 5654: 5648: 5644: 5637: 5635: 5626: 5620: 5616: 5615: 5607: 5600: 5595: 5587: 5583: 5582: 5574: 5572: 5563: 5559: 5555: 5551: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5535: 5528: 5521: 5516: 5509: 5504: 5496: 5494:0-679-43808-4 5490: 5486: 5479: 5472: 5467: 5451: 5447: 5441: 5432: 5428: 5423: 5422: 5416: 5409: 5401: 5397: 5390: 5383: 5378: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5347: 5345: 5329: 5325: 5319: 5303: 5299: 5295: 5289: 5282: 5277: 5269: 5268: 5260: 5252: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5232: 5230: 5221: 5220: 5212: 5204: 5203: 5195: 5187: 5186: 5178: 5170: 5166: 5162: 5158: 5151: 5143: 5142: 5134: 5127: 5122: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5092: 5083: 5077: 5072: 5071: 5062: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5031:(2): 97–122. 5030: 5026: 5022: 5015: 5006: 5004:0-7705-1509-6 5000: 4996: 4992: 4991:Stacey, C. P. 4986: 4980: 4976: 4971: 4956: 4949: 4943: 4935: 4930: 4922: 4914: 4908: 4903: 4902: 4893: 4885: 4878: 4870: 4866: 4862: 4858: 4855:(1): 77–100. 4854: 4850: 4843: 4835: 4834: 4829: 4823: 4808: 4804: 4803: 4798: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4773: 4771: 4769: 4767: 4765: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4751: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4725: 4720: 4713: 4709: 4693: 4689: 4670: 4657: 4654: 4651: 4648: 4645: 4642: 4639: 4636: 4633: 4630: 4627: 4624: 4621: 4618: 4615: 4612: 4609: 4606: 4603: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4587: 4583: 4580: 4577: 4574: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4554: 4545: 4541: 4538:This list is 4536: 4529: 4528: 4520: 4518: 4515: 4513: 4510: 4499: 4498: 4494: 4492: 4489: 4487: 4484: 4473: 4472: 4468: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4447: 4446: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4432: 4421: 4420: 4416: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4403: 4392: 4391: 4387: 4384: 4381: 4378: 4377: 4360: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4352: 4349: 4345: 4344: 4339: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4331: 4328: 4324: 4323: 4318: 4317: 4316: 4314: 4310: 4307: 4303: 4302: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4281: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4271: 4267: 4266: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4245: 4244: 4243: 4241: 4238: 4235: 4231: 4230: 4227: 4224: 4220: 4217: 4213: 4212: 4206: 4204: 4202: 4201: 4200: 4197: 4194: 4191: 4187: 4186: 4182: 4179: 4176: 4171: 4169: 4164: 4159: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4137: 4126: 4124: 4123: 4119:'s 2019 film 4118: 4114: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4100: 4095: 4093: 4092: 4086: 4084: 4080: 4075: 4073: 4069: 4065: 4064: 4063:Alligator Pie 4058: 4055: 4051: 4044: 4039: 4035: 4033: 4029: 4025: 4024:Gatineau Park 4021: 4016: 4014: 4009: 4007: 4006:Rideau Centre 4003: 3999: 3995: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3984:sovereigntist 3981: 3976: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3949: 3947: 3942: 3940: 3929: 3926: 3918: 3915:December 2017 3908: 3904: 3898: 3897: 3892:This section 3890: 3886: 3881: 3880: 3872: 3870: 3865: 3862: 3857: 3854: 3849: 3847: 3842: 3832: 3830: 3826: 3820: 3816: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3800: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3785: 3776: 3769: 3764: 3760: 3758: 3752: 3743: 3741: 3737: 3728: 3719: 3703: 3693: 3690: 3689:A runoff vote 3686: 3682: 3678: 3674: 3670: 3665: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3654: 3645: 3644:Supreme Court 3641: 3638: 3637:Chief Justice 3634: 3629: 3625: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3599:Igor Gouzenko 3596: 3591: 3589: 3588:middle powers 3585: 3581: 3571: 3569: 3565: 3561: 3557: 3556:Prince Albert 3553: 3549: 3544: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3530: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3508:1945 election 3500: 3498: 3494: 3490: 3486: 3481: 3473: 3468: 3464: 3461: 3457: 3452: 3448: 3442: 3432: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3405:nuclear power 3402: 3392: 3389: 3385: 3380: 3376: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3357: 3356: 3351: 3341: 3332: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3295: 3292:, triggering 3291: 3287: 3283: 3278: 3276: 3275: 3270: 3266: 3265:French Canada 3262: 3258: 3257:Arthur Cardin 3254: 3250: 3246: 3236: 3232: 3230: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3215: 3210: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3183: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3162: 3160: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3136: 3132: 3120: 3115: 3108: 3103: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3079: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3052: 3050: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3020: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3009: 3003: 2999: 2996: 2991: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2975: 2970: 2967: 2963: 2959: 2956:and met with 2955: 2947: 2943: 2938: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2906: 2904: 2900: 2899:Criminal Code 2896: 2892: 2889:, passed the 2888: 2885: 2882: 2878: 2873: 2871: 2866: 2865:Social Credit 2862: 2858: 2848: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2828:John Grierson 2824: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2811:In 1936, the 2807:Media reforms 2804: 2802: 2798: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2769: 2767: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2745: 2742: 2741: 2730: 2728: 2724: 2719: 2717: 2716: 2715:Criminal Code 2711: 2707: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2670: 2661: 2657: 2655: 2654: 2648: 2638: 2635: 2620: 2618: 2614: 2604: 2603:at the time. 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2589:1935 election 2585: 2583: 2579: 2574: 2572: 2568: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2548: 2543: 2533: 2531: 2527: 2523: 2513: 2511: 2505: 2498: 2493: 2489: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2449:George McPhee 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2425:John Vallance 2422: 2418: 2417:C. A. Dunning 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2397: 2391:Other reforms 2388: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2354: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2335: 2330: 2326: 2325:Pacific Ocean 2322: 2316: 2311: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2292:Chanak Crisis 2285: 2281: 2276: 2265: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2250: 2246: 2242: 2238: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2211:King ran the 2205: 2201: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2177: 2167: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2143:Conservatives 2140: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2116:City planning 2113: 2111: 2107: 2106: 2100: 2098: 2093: 2089: 2088: 2077: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2061:Thomas Crerar 2057: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2042: 2036:Balancing act 2033: 2031: 2027: 2017: 2015: 2011: 2010:Conservatives 2007: 2006:1921 election 1997: 1995: 1990: 1986: 1972: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1946: 1944: 1940: 1939:1917 election 1936: 1935:Robert Borden 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1910: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1895: 1893: 1885: 1880: 1873: 1868: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1845: 1841: 1826: 1824: 1823:Conservatives 1820: 1816: 1815: 1810: 1809: 1803: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1785: 1781: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1719: 1715: 1706: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1674: 1671: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1658: 1653: 1652: 1647: 1645: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1617:pioneered by 1616: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1593: 1589: 1580: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1535: 1525: 1523: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1464:Confederation 1461: 1457: 1453: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1417: 1416:1940 election 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1371: 1370:1935 election 1367: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1324: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1308:Conservatives 1305: 1304:1925 election 1301: 1297: 1293: 1292:Chanak Crisis 1289: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1250: 1246: 1240: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1229:welfare state 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1180: 1158: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1112: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1070: 1066: 1063: 1061:Resting place 1059: 1055: 1047:July 22, 1950 1046: 1042: 1038: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1013: 1009: 1005: 1001: 997: 990: 987: 981: 978: 975: 969: 963: 958: 955: 948: 945: 942: 936: 933: 930: 924: 918: 913: 910: 903: 900: 897: 891: 888: 885: 879: 873: 868: 865: 858: 855: 852: 846: 843: 840: 834: 828: 823: 820: 819:Prince Albert 813: 810: 809:William Major 807: 801: 798: 795: 789: 783: 778: 775: 770: 766: 762: 755: 751: 747: 743: 736: 733: 727: 724: 721: 715: 712: 709: 703: 697: 692: 689: 685: 681: 675: 671: 665: 661: 655: 649: 644: 641:R. B. Bennett 640: 634: 630: 624: 620: 614: 608: 603: 599: 593: 590:R. B. Bennett 589: 583: 579: 573: 567: 562: 559: 555: 551: 544: 540: 536: 532: 524: 518: 514: 508: 502: 497: 494: 490: 486: 480: 477: 474: 468: 463: 462:Robert Borden 460: 454: 448: 443: 439: 433: 429: 423: 419: 413: 407: 402: 399:R. B. Bennett 398: 392: 389:R. B. Bennett 388: 382: 379:R. B. Bennett 378: 372: 366: 361: 358: 354: 350: 343: 339: 335: 329: 325: 319: 315: 311: 307: 303: 297: 292: 288: 282: 279: 276: 270: 264: 261: 259: 256: 255: 253: 249: 245: 241: 235: 230: 227: 224: 218: 215: 212: 206: 200: 197: 195: 192: 190: 187: 185: 182: 181: 179: 175: 169: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 155: 153: 149: 143: 138: 135: 130: 126: 119: 114: 109: 105: 101: 92: 87: 78: 75:December 2023 68: 64: 58: 56: 50: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 13644: 13627: 13610: 13593: 13581:from Commons 13576: 13555: 13167:Kim Campbell 12927:Marilyn Bell 12896: 12598: 12583: 12573: 12346:D. Macdonald 12288: 12278: 12268: 12094: 11691: 11416: 11406: 11396: 11277: 11206:Predecessors 10833: 10694: 10628:Saskatchewan 10404: 10394: 10384: 10065: 10064: 10054: 9990:Harry S. New 9977: 9974: 9942: 9902: 9897: 9881: 9870: 9851: 9840: 9821: 9810: 9791: 9780: 9769: 9758: 9747: 9720: 9693: 9688: 9663: 9633: 9605: 9577: 9549: 9470: 9444: 9431: 9390: 9363: 9353: 9346: 9342: 9324: 9316: 9294: 9283: 9270: 9255: 9243: 9235: 9207: 9197: 9190: 9181: 9174: 9167: 9149: 9142: 9132: 9124: 9095:(4): 40–60. 9092: 9086: 9076: 9072: 9060:. Retrieved 9056:the original 9050: 9038: 9015: 8993: 8966: 8944: 8933: 8901: 8895: 8875: 8864:Biographical 8844:. Retrieved 8840: 8828: 8819: 8810: 8798:. Retrieved 8794: 8785: 8773:. Retrieved 8769: 8757: 8745:. Retrieved 8741: 8732: 8720:. Retrieved 8716:the original 8711: 8690: 8670: 8646: 8638: 8630:Windsor Star 8628: 8623: 8611:. 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Bennett 2539: 2519: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2473:Saskatchewan 2462: 2457:William Bock 2445:A. F. Totzke 2421:Fred Johnson 2405:Peter Heenan 2378: 2355: 2318: 2313: 2289: 2233:Newfoundland 2210: 2179: 2136: 2119: 2103: 2101: 2085: 2083: 2065:Robert Forke 2058: 2043: 2039: 2023: 2003: 1982: 1957: 1919:conscription 1916: 1907: 1898: 1896: 1889: 1883: 1837: 1812: 1806: 1804: 1777: 1745: 1740: 1729:Ottawa River 1722: 1717: 1713: 1711: 1675: 1670:Toronto News 1669: 1666:W. A. Hewitt 1662:Toronto News 1661: 1655: 1649: 1642: 1631:James Loudon 1627:Edward Blake 1619:Toynbee Hall 1612: 1585: 1582:King in 1899 1564:Presbyterian 1561: 1557: 1531: 1514:Adolf Hitler 1506:spiritualism 1476: 1456:Newfoundland 1377: 1363: 1285: 1277:conscription 1241: 1233:middle power 1187: 1186: 1049:(1950-07-22) 984:Succeeded by 961: 939:Succeeded by 916: 894:Succeeded by 871: 849:Succeeded by 826: 804:Succeeded by 781: 730:Succeeded by 722: 695: 678:Succeeded by 647: 637:Succeeded by 606: 596:Succeeded by 565: 521:Succeeded by 500: 483:Succeeded by 446: 436:Succeeded by 405: 395:Succeeded by 364: 332:Succeeded by 295: 285:Succeeded by 233: 221:Succeeded by 141: 122:King in 1942 72: 55:lead section 53: 36: 13675:1950 deaths 13670:1874 births 13381:Gord Downie 13327:Jack Layton 13277:John Gomery 13267:Paul Martin 13117:Ben Johnson 13107:Rick Hansen 13097:Steve Fonyo 12967:James Coyne 12664:Diefenbaker 12654:St. Laurent 12649:Diefenbaker 12391:Mazankowski 12309:Diefenbaker 11442:Diefenbaker 11432:Diefenbaker 11422:St. Laurent 11272: 1830 11257:Parti rouge 11249: 1800 11226: 1850 11219:Clear Grits 10918:St. Laurent 10886:Governments 10700:St. Laurent 10630:(1905–2009) 10624:(1867–1964) 10618:(1867–1976) 10612:(1898–1905) 10600:(1903–1987) 10594:(1905–1976) 10571:Nova Scotia 10415:Diefenbaker 10410:St. Laurent 10167:Joseph Jean 9572:Joseph Read 9496:1939 speech 9131:Cook, Tim. 8674:. 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Stacey 3485:Dieppe Raid 3155:declare war 3070:during the 2891:Padlock Law 2748:Agriculture 2497:court dress 2441:Gordon Ross 2409:John Millar 2319:For years, 2290:During the 2280:Esme Howard 2080:Immigration 1927:Anglophones 1733:Sir Galahad 1682:Jane Addams 1644:The Varsity 1508:and use of 1114:(no degree) 972:Preceded by 932:Joseph Read 927:Preceded by 882:Preceded by 837:Preceded by 792:Preceded by 718:Preceded by 668:Preceded by 627:Preceded by 586:Preceded by 511:Preceded by 471:Preceded by 426:Preceded by 385:Preceded by 322:Preceded by 273:Preceded by 209:Preceded by 163:Edward VIII 13659:Categories 13595:Quotations 13548:Liberalism 12314:Lamontagne 12294:St-Laurent 12179:Huntington 11712:J. H. King 11682:Aylesworth 10994:candidates 10953:J. Trudeau 10750:J. Trudeau 10606:(1870–WW1) 10470:J. Trudeau 10157:C. D. 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Howe 3384:Ken Stuart 2782:Air Canada 2634:Reciprocal 2628:Free trade 2547:free trade 2370:Hume Wrong 2338:convention 2296:Parliament 2163:corruption 1974:King, 1919 1943:York North 1780:Parliament 1735:statue on 1686:Hull House 1660:, and the 1468:technocrat 1449:introduced 1425:The Allies 1402:) and the 1400:Air Canada 1374:Reciprocal 1296:Parliament 1209:politician 1083:Alma mater 1030:1874-12-17 864:York North 13629:Textbooks 13512:Biography 13385:2016–2017 13311:2008–2009 13271:2003–2004 13111:1986–1987 13091:1983–1984 13071:1980–1981 13067:Terry Fox 13057:Joe Clark 13041:1976–1977 13031:1968–1975 12991:1963–1964 12951:1957–1960 12941:1955–1956 12921:1950–1953 12824:Poilievre 12784:Ignatieff 12674:Stanfield 12539:Mackenzie 12534:Macdonald 12529:Mackenzie 12421:Robillard 12386:Hnatyshyn 12361:MacEachen 12351:MacEachen 12340:MacEachen 12319:McIlraith 12214:Macdonald 12082:MacKinnon 12020:Blackburn 11995:Robillard 11965:Poilievre 11894:Pettigrew 11871:Robillard 11821:Alexander 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Index