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493:, the first VTuber to achieve breakout popularity, made her debut on YouTube. She was the first to coin and use the term "virtual YouTuber". Created by digital production company Activ8 and voice-acted by Nozomi Kasuga, Kizuna AI created a sense of "real intimacy" with fans, as she was responsive to their questions. Within ten months, she had over two million subscribers and later became a culture ambassador of the
475:
3189:
644:
In
September 2020, Anycolor created an "Aggressive Acts and Slander Countermeasure Team" to offer counselling to victims of harassment and take legal measures against perpetrators of harassment, specifically the online harassment plaguing the Japanese entertainment industry. This announcement came in
579:
branches targeting a global audience. Meanwhile, independent VTubers began to appear in many countries, from Japan to the United States. In July 2018, VTubers had a collective subscriber count of 12.7 million, and more than 720 million total views. By
January 2020, there were over 10,000
768:
In August 2018, Wright Flyer Live
Entertainment released a mobile application allowing VTubers to live stream videos while monetizing them and connecting with their viewers. In a news conference in Tokyo, the head of Wright Flyer Live Entertainment stated, "just increasing the number is not that
497:. Kizuna Ai's popularity can be attributed to the oversaturation of traditional webcam YouTubers and for aspects of characters that the audience would not expect. For example, despite having a friendly appearance, Kizuna Ai often swears in her videos when she gets frustrated while playing a game.
556:. Nijisanji helped popularise the use of Live2D models instead of the prior focus on 3D models as well as the shift towards livestreaming instead of edited video and clips that was the standard for VTubers like Kizuna Ai. Cover Corporation, a company that was originally developing
444:, becoming the first software suite that enabled live avatars at home via face motion capture that started being actively used on streaming websites and YouTube. The Live2D software module enabling 2D avatars and was added one year later in 2015 in collaboration with Live2D, Inc.
99:
or technology are often—but not always—used to capture movement. The digital trend originated in Japan in the mid-2010s, and has become an international online phenomenon in the 2020s. A majority of VTubers are
English- and Japanese-speaking
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780:
to advertise its
Yakisoba UFO noodles, held a live stream with a smartphone attached to a helium balloon. By the end of the stream, the smartphone reached an altitude of 30 kilometres (19 mi) above sea level and was noted by
184:, portraying characters designed by online artists. VTubers are not bound by physical limitations, and many of them engage in activities that are unconstrained by their real-world identity. Some VTubers, particularly those from
388:
agencies. Streamers are employed by an agency to portray characters developed by the company, which are then commercialized via merchandising and other promotional appearances, as well as traditional revenue streams such as
769:
effective. We want them to keep on doing their activities. , gaining fans and monetization are essential. So, we are providing a platform to support that". This followed Wright Flyer Live
Entertainment's parent company
806:, in November to present their content made for the Brazilian public and how VTuber works, where they had a meeting with Ambassador Eduardo Paes Saboia, being the first contact of VTubers with a Brazilian authority.
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and foreign-language VTubers have marked a rise in the trend's international popularity. Virtual YouTubers have appeared in domestic advertising campaigns and have broken livestream-related world records.
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The internet has seen a torrent of different types of 'VTubers' over the last year, and while some models are fusions of humans and creatures, few have broken through as straight-up animals.
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led to an overall increase in viewership of video game live streaming in general in 2020, which helped contribute to the growth of VTubers into a mainstream phenomenon. Searches on
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two-dimensional models constructed from drawn textures, while programs such as VRoid Studio can be used to create three-dimensional models. Commissioned models can cost as high as
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accumulated the largest number of active paid subscriptions of all streamers on the platform at that point in time, although still behind an overall record previously set by
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800,000 in 2020). VTubers accounted for 38% of YouTube's 300 most profitable channels, with a total revenue of US$ 26,229,911 (roughly half of which being viewer donations).
459:, under Cover Corporation, manages over 60 VTubers from around the world across six branches; hololive, hololive ID, hololive EN, HOLOSTARS, HOLOSTARS EN and hololive DEV_IS.
393:, and viewer donations. The use of the term "graduation" to refer to a streamer retiring their character and/or leaving an agency, is also a holdover from the idol industry.
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in late 2016. Her popularity sparked a VTuber trend in Japan, and it spurred the establishment of specialized agencies to promote them, including major ones such as
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for VTuber related content increased over 2020, leading towards the
September 2020 launch of Hololive's English branch. In August 2020, seven of the ten largest
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Due to their popularity, companies and organizations have used virtual YouTubers as a method of advertising or bringing attention to a product or service. When
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baseball team has two VTuber mascots, named
Takamine Umi (also known as Hawk Kannon Sea) and Aritaka Hina, both unveiled in 2020. They have their own
2515:
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YouTube's 2020 Culture and Trends report highlights VTubers as one of the notable trends of that year, with 1.5 billion views per month by
October.
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uploaded her first video, which featured an animated, virtual avatar speaking to the camera. In 2012, Japanese company
Weathernews Inc. debuted a
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1326:
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Kizuna AI's sudden popularity sparked a VTuber trend. Between May and mid-July 2018, the number of active VTubers increased from 2,000 to 4,000.
1022:
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272:, and maps them to a two- or three-dimensional model. Both free and paid programs have been developed for loading models and performing
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wrestler who himself began streaming on Twitch as a VTuber in 2021, remarked that the two professions were "literally the same thing".
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2362:
2313:
418:, who would usually talk to the audience about herself or about releases related to the company. On June 13, 2011, UK-based Japanese
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has been introduced, such as Inochi2D, which aims to serve the same purpose of Live2D in an open source manner. Such software is not
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who use avatar designs. By 2020, there were more than 10,000 active VTubers. Although the term is an allusion to the video platform
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In 2014 the FaceRig indie software launched on Indiegogo as an EU crowdfunding project, and later that year it was released on
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as being the live stream recorded at the highest altitude, breaking the previous record of 18.42 kilometres (11.45 mi).
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2,000 depending on their level of detail. By contrast, some VTubers, colloquially known as "PNGTubers" (in reference to the
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2002:
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1843:"ウェザーロイド Airi". Comptique Extra issue of December: Vtique Vol.02 (コンプティーク 12月号増刊 Vティーク Vol.2). Kadokawa. 2018. pp.76–79.
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of Kizuna Ai in 2018, with a full push for various Japanese and international VTuber PVC-made statues since the 2020s.
433:, on YouTube and their website. In 2014, Airi got her own solo program every Thursday and began live broadcasting with
773:'s ¥10 billion ($ 89.35 million) investment in VTubers, as well as a ¥10 billion sales target by 2020.
470:, under AnyColor Inc., manages over 160 VTubers from around the world across two branches; NIJISANJI and NIJISANJI EN.
3891:
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3551:
3158:
1361:
698:
544:
522:
276:, with some capable of being used without a webcam (albeit with pre-determined animations), and some also supporting
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2129:
1000:
2160:[Analysis of the economic impact, expansion of popularity and new technologies of the VTuber phenomenon].
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1712:
658:
In May 2021, Twitch added a VTuber tag for streams as part of a wider expansion of its tag system. In July 2021,
527:
followed Kizuna as the second and third most popular VTubers, with 750,000 and 625,000 subscribers respectively.
2638:
1998:
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the wake of Hololive's VTuber Mano Aloe's retirement after only two weeks of activity due to online harassment.
575:. Agencies like Hololive and Nijisanji created branches in China, South Korea, Indonesia, and India, as well as
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738:
247:
2814:
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1619:
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VTubers may use their avatars as a means to better reflect their preferred presentation to their audience.
662:—a member of Hololive's first English branch—overtook Kizuna Ai as the most-subscribed VTuber on YouTube.
832:
365:
571:
After their initial success in Japan, the trend began to expand internationally via their appeal to the
3812:
339:
324:
2874:
2158:"Análise do impacto econômico, da expansão de popularidade e das novas tecnologias do fenômeno VTuber"
1310:
3980:
3970:
3775:
3770:
2789:"Virtual YouTuber Kaguya Luna Breaks Guinness World Record By Holding Livestream at Highest Altitude"
320:
2486:"VTuber Ironmouse surpasses 95,000 Twitch subscribers, takes the throne for active subs on platform"
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3617:
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3252:
1027:
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English member Gawr Gura made a cameo appearance in an anime-themed ad by American fast food chain
219:
1918:
1219:
3818:
3207:
1421:
997:"Japan's virtual YouTubers have millions of real subscribers — and make millions of real dollars"
605:
361:
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since 2014 (with Arashi, and from 2021 as himself), became a VTuber for the latest CM campaign.
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882:
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and XS Max in 2018, Kizuna AI appeared at the event and promoted the products on her channel.
665:
Cover's CEO Motoaki "Yagoo" Tanigo was selected as one of the Japan's Top 20 Entrepreneurs by
429:-styled character called Weatheroid Type A Airi on SOLiVE24, a 24-hour weather live stream on
3854:
3753:
3578:
3452:
3373:
2762:"Gree-owned firm launches app aimed at boosting Japan's booming world of 'virtual YouTubers'"
2212:"Report: Twitch viewership reached 1.47 billion hours in August (StreamElements, Arsenal.gg)"
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also experimented with avatar-based streams using a model commissioned from a VTuber artist.
414:
began uploading videos to its YouTube channel featuring an animated 3D version of its mascot
342:
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film as the voice actress for one of the characters in the Japanese dub, and Korone-themed
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615:
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In the beginning of 2018, Anycolor Inc. (then known as Ichikara) founded the VTuber agency
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331:
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57:
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In June 2022, Hololive member Inugami Korone became the official brand ambassador for the
8:
3990:
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3634:
2363:"Twitch introduces more than 350 new streamer tags, including Vtuber, transgender, queer"
1923:
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862:
810:
762:
596:
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749:(which launched a YouTube channel for its mascot Crunchyroll-Hime in October 2021). The
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Japan in its January 2022 issue. The following month, in the midst of a subathon event,
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3247:
1680:"Meet Neuro-sama, the AI Twitch Streamer Who Plays Minecraft, Sings Karaoke, Loves Art"
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970:
934:
924:
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726:
511:
312:
88:
1523:
733:(which developed the character N-ko to appear in videos promoting its anime content),
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2157:
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390:
92:
49:
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3924:
1283:
Streaming as a Virtual Being: The Complex Relationship Between VTubers and Identity
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185:
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117:
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3148:
2968:"VTuber Doggo Inugami Korone Goes Fast As Sonic the Hedgehog's Newest Ambassador"
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847:
842:
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compatible with former proprietary 3D Vtubing software due to the model format's
277:
208:
189:
177:
3150:
Creative Context: Creativity and Innovation in the Media and Cultural Industries
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3728:
3702:
3697:
3478:
3315:
3309:
2520:
1684:
1023:"Virtual YouTubers behind famous avatars in Japan make millions from superfans"
681:, VTubing content on Twitch grew by 467% in 2021 compared with a year earlier.
630:
434:
273:
105:
32:
2547:
1816:
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721:
Some organizations and companies have employed their own VTuber characters as
481:
was founded in November 2020 as one of the first VTuber agencies based in the
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954:
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674:
482:
385:
281:
2181:"Playboard: World's Biggest Superchat Earner is Virtual YouTuber Kiryu Coco"
2168:. Rio de Janeiro: Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO).
2095:
549:, two other early VTubers, each gained followings of 500,000 in six months.
3760:
3675:
3472:
3435:
3332:
3144:
1713:"The Virtual YouTube World Is in Uproar. What's the Virtual YouTube World?"
965:
777:
611:
452:
415:
407:
381:
1349:
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3321:
3303:
746:
729:(which developed the character of Ibaraki Hiyori), the streaming service
354:
285:
193:
2612:"Ibaraki's virtual YouTuber first in Japan used to promote a prefecture"
2125:
996:
3782:
3712:
3707:
3588:
3457:
3338:
3297:
3281:
3275:
2993:"Japanese Sonic Frontiers players receive special V-Tuber DLC costumes"
2424:"Gawr Gura breaks YouTube milestone to become most popular VTuber ever"
770:
600:
592:
422:
369:
3056:
2394:"Gawr Gura Swims Past Kizuna AI to Be the Most Subscribed VTuber Ever"
3462:
3425:
2845:"Gawr Gura and Mori Calliope Among Hololive Vtuber Figures Announced"
2006:
1045:
814:
792:
715:
670:
659:
652:
634:
553:
490:
467:
411:
152:
136:
36:
3600:
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2306:"YouTube Culture & Trends – Data and Cultural Analysis for You"
919:
711:
638:
565:
426:
297:
269:
173:
129:
121:
113:
101:
96:
876:
625:, with a host of several notable English-speaking VTubers such as
252:
3833:
3230:
2937:"The Taco Bell Anime Commercial Cameo Only YouTubers Will Notice"
2906:"Embaixador do Brasil no Japão recebe as Vtubers Ayapan e Jajami"
2516:"Twitch's New Star of Streaming Charts Is Anime Avatar Ironmouse"
1890:
1858:
758:
754:
730:
722:
689:
621:
At the same time, the popularity of VTubers continued to rise on
463:
419:
293:
200:
144:
125:
109:
2276:"Bushiroad and NIJISANJI Are Taking Online Harassment Seriously"
2029:"How Fan Translators Made Virtual YouTubers a Global Phenomenon"
1950:
1948:
1946:
1311:"He's a WWE Star and a Vtuber. Those Worlds Aren't So Different"
798:
In 2020, Japanese VTubers Ayapan and Jajami were invited by the
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3343:
3241:
3188:
854:
666:
626:
588:
478:
308:
289:
261:
181:
160:
156:
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3023:"Inugami Korone Will Voice a Character in Yo-Kai Watch Anime"
1943:
803:
227:
223:
2639:"Netflix's official Vtuber is part sheep and promotes anime"
2579:"Japan's virtual celebrities rise to threaten the real ones"
1251:"The Rise of VTubers as Social Media Influencers, Explained"
776:
On June 24, 2019, VTuber Kaguya Luna, in collaboration with
135:
The first entertainer to use the phrase "virtual YouTuber",
3886:
1560:"Why Pokimane's Vtubing Twitch stream has everyone talking"
734:
316:
3199:
725:
within marketing. These include the government of Japan's
1760:"The Vtuber Industry: Corporatization, Labor, and Kawaii"
1188:
610:
at number one, who by that time had earned approximately
212:
1969:"Nozomi Kasuga Confirms She is Kizuna AI Voice Actress"
703:, a VTuber and representative for Japanese corporation
595:
earners of all time on YouTube were VTubers, including
564:
software, shifted its focus to VTubers by establishing
2056:
2054:
1590:"The Growing VTuber Community - The Gate's Wide Open"
761:
accounts. Occasionally, they make appearances on the
300:-illuminated sensor for more precise motion capture.
3109:"『パズドラ』新TV-CMに"嵐"の5名が出演！ 6月10日からTV-CM全国放映＆メイキング動画公開"
2336:"SIXTY60 〜BEST OF ASIA 2021〜 - 60MAG（SIXTYMAGAZINE）"
872:
846:. She also made a cameo appearance in an episode of
188:
communities, choose to use avatars to reflect their
39:
was the first VTuber to achieve breakout popularity.
2614:. The Japan Times. October 13, 2018. Archived from
2051:
1046:"ユーザーローカル、バーチャルYouTuberの1万人突破を発表 9000人から4ヵ月で1000人増"
384:, with business models influenced by those used by
830:franchise in Japan. She would later appear in the
172:VTubers are online entertainers who are typically
2815:"Nyatasha Nyanners is the First VShojo Nendoroid"
2243:"Column: Bonus Stage: The Sudden Rise of Vtubers"
375:
349:such as the Virtual Puppet Project (vpuppr) that
234:with human or non-human traits. Some VTubers use
180:. They use avatars created with programs such as
3937:
3085:(in Japanese). November 21, 2023. Archived from
3055:(in Japanese). November 21, 2023. Archived from
1490:"The otter who became an accidental VTuber star"
1385:"The otter who became an accidental VTuber star"
1350:"Virtual Theatrics and the Ideal VTuber Bishōjo"
655:was chosen as one of Asia's top 60 influencers.
370:core personality, gameplay, and chat interaction
260:A VTuber's avatar is typically animated using a
3142:
2548:"【SoftBank】新型iPhone発売セレモニーにお邪魔しました！！【XS / MAX】"
2063:"Japan's latest big thing: 'virtual YouTubers'"
1954:
1674:
1106:"Japan's latest big thing: 'virtual YouTubers'"
737:(who planned to have in-character streams with
677:. According to data provided by parent company
238:avatars, non-human characters such as animals.
80:
61:
74:
3215:
2162:VIII Encontro de Engenharia No Entretenimento
1711:Marinescu, Jake Dean, Delia (June 10, 2021).
292:smartphones—particularly, those that include
3079:"二宮和也、『パズドラ』新CMでVTuberデビュー 1秒も出演せず"中の人"に徹する"
1886:"SOLiVE24 (SOLiVEナイト ) 2014-04-10 23:32:32〜"
1854:"SOLiVE24 (SOLiVE ムーン) 2012-04-13 21:31:23〜"
1741:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
360:More recently, some Vtubers have introduced
87:is an online entertainer who uses a virtual
3115:(in Japanese). June 9, 2014. Archived from
2700:"Crunchyroll-Hime launches YouTube channel"
2636:
1308:
3654:Viacom International Inc. v. YouTube, Inc.
3222:
3208:
2126:"バーチャルYouTuber、4,000人を突破 動画再生回数は合計7億2千万回に"
1558:Hernandez, Patricia (September 14, 2020).
1521:
1419:
1347:
1184:"The virtual vloggers taking over YouTube"
364:into the design of their characters using
338:with the Live2D standard, due to Live2D's
248:Video game live streaming § Equipment
3623:Korean backdoor advertisement controversy
1966:
1710:
1620:"Live2D Open Software License Agreemeent"
1557:
1488:Hernandez, Patricia (February 18, 2021).
1487:
1383:Hernandez, Patricia (February 18, 2021).
1382:
268:the streamer's motions, expressions, and
192:for personal comfort and safety reasons.
2360:
2273:
2209:
1919:"VTubers and the women behind the masks"
1220:"VTubers and the Women Behind the Masks"
1142:"Virtual Youtubers – What's the appeal?"
1040:
1038:
962:(for other virtual personality concepts)
688:
473:
462:
451:
251:
31:
2916:from the original on September 17, 2021
2558:from the original on September 29, 2018
2222:from the original on September 28, 2020
2178:
2132:from the original on September 17, 2020
1248:
1135:
1133:
1131:
368:and have even integrated AI into their
14:
3938:
2885:from the original on November 11, 2022
2741:from the original on February 23, 2022
2576:
2570:
2496:from the original on February 21, 2022
2483:
2465:from the original on November 26, 2021
2373:from the original on September 1, 2021
2316:from the original on December 18, 2020
2286:from the original on September 4, 2020
2075:from the original on February 14, 2019
2060:
1656:from the original on February 16, 2023
1534:from the original on December 28, 2021
1522:Weatherbed, Jess (December 24, 2021).
1466:from the original on September 1, 2021
1432:from the original on September 1, 2021
1364:from the original on December 22, 2022
1348:Bredikhina, Liudmila (March 1, 2021).
1279:
1261:from the original on November 28, 2022
1230:from the original on November 28, 2022
1181:
1116:from the original on February 14, 2019
1103:
817:(which premiered to coincide with the
199:VTubers often portray themselves as a
3203:
3049:"二宮和也、"VTuber"デビュー 本人1秒も登場せず「中の人」に専念"
3003:from the original on October 17, 2022
2947:from the original on January 21, 2022
2903:
2855:from the original on January 10, 2022
2825:from the original on November 7, 2022
2710:from the original on November 4, 2021
2680:from the original on November 4, 2021
2637:Kastrenakes, Jacob (April 28, 2021).
2606:
2604:
2455:"世界中にファン5000万人。VTuber「ホロライブ」が急成長する理由"
2434:from the original on December 3, 2022
2255:from the original on November 1, 2020
2240:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2147:
2106:from the original on February 1, 2021
2039:from the original on January 20, 2021
1916:
1898:from the original on November 7, 2020
1754:
1752:
1723:from the original on November 8, 2021
1553:
1551:
1549:
1517:
1515:
1500:from the original on October 11, 2021
1483:
1481:
1453:
1449:
1447:
1415:
1413:
1217:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1152:from the original on January 21, 2021
1139:
1085:from the original on December 8, 2020
1052:from the original on January 31, 2020
1035:
1003:from the original on February 6, 2022
2934:
2795:from the original on October 7, 2020
2786:
2670:"Sonic the Hedgehog is a Vtuber now"
2667:
2649:from the original on October 8, 2021
2554:. A.I. Channel. September 29, 2018.
2452:
2241:White, DeForest (October 29, 2020).
2210:Desatoff, Sam (September 23, 2020).
2191:from the original on August 24, 2020
2096:"尖ったメンバーばかりのVTuberグループ"にじさんじ"の魅力を紹介"
1967:Loveridge, Lynzee (April 25, 2020).
1796:from the original on January 5, 2021
1790:"すーぱーそに子 ワンダーフェスティバル2010[冬]"
1420:Martinello, Eva (January 29, 2021).
1329:from the original on August 25, 2021
1280:Turner, Anna Birna (June 24, 2022).
1249:Mancuso, Devin (December 15, 2020).
1213:
1211:
1196:from the original on August 13, 2019
1128:
1070:
380:Major VTubers are often employed by
296:—as an external webcam, using their
3167:from the original on March 28, 2023
2965:
2731:"福岡ソフトバンクホークスVTuber 鷹観音海、有鷹ひな紹介サイト"
2446:
2391:
2274:Morrissy, Kim (September 4, 2020).
2003:Japan National Tourism Organization
1866:from the original on March 18, 2022
1825:from the original on March 11, 2020
1668:
1626:from the original on March 15, 2023
1395:from the original on March 16, 2021
1290:from the original on March 28, 2023
684:
500:
495:Japan National Tourism Organization
24:
3135:
2759:
2601:
2589:from the original on June 29, 2021
2144:
2093:
1749:
1692:from the original on June 20, 2023
1546:
1512:
1478:
1454:Çakır, Gökhan (January 29, 2021).
1444:
1410:
1164:
27:Streamers that use digital avatars
25:
4002:
3181:
2764:. The Japan Times. Archived from
2728:
2577:Nagumo, Jada (January 19, 2020).
2528:from the original on May 16, 2022
2484:Miceli, Max (February 21, 2022).
2404:from the original on July 1, 2021
2156:Regis, Rafael (August 25, 2021).
2061:Nagata, Kazuaki (July 17, 2018).
1979:from the original on May 14, 2020
1931:from the original on May 15, 2021
1770:from the original on May 31, 2022
1600:from the original on May 26, 2022
1570:from the original on July 3, 2022
1208:
1182:Lufkin, Bryan (October 2, 2018).
1104:Nagata, Kazuaki (July 17, 2018).
1071:Chen, James (November 30, 2020).
112:, they also use websites such as
3920:
3919:
3734:CNN/YouTube presidential debates
3187:
2179:Morissy, Kim (August 23, 2020).
1792:. Nitroplus. February 12, 2010.
999:. Rest of World. July 26, 2021.
903:
889:
875:
3101:
3071:
3041:
3015:
2985:
2959:
2928:
2897:
2867:
2837:
2807:
2780:
2753:
2722:
2692:
2661:
2630:
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2508:
2477:
2416:
2385:
2361:Marshall, Cass (May 27, 2021).
2354:
2328:
2298:
2267:
2234:
2203:
2172:
2118:
2087:
2021:
1991:
1960:
1910:
1878:
1846:
1837:
1808:
1782:
1704:
1638:
1612:
1582:
1376:
1341:
1302:
1273:
1140:Dazon, Laura (March 16, 2020).
840:would be released for the game
745:), and anime streaming service
614:85 million (approximately
401:
2935:Cahn, Lauren (July 27, 2021).
1999:"Come to Japan with Kizuna AI"
1242:
1097:
1064:
1015:
989:
376:Agencies and commercialization
327:as opposed to a rigged model.
13:
1:
3648:Slovenian government incident
3629:Lenz v. Universal Music Corp.
1917:Faber, Tom (April 20, 2021).
1218:Faber, Tom (April 20, 2021).
1073:"The Vtuber takeover of 2020"
982:
741:and his Japanese voice actor
714:announced the release of the
241:
3606:Fantastic Adventures scandal
2310:YouTube Culture & Trends
2128:. Mogura VR. July 10, 2018.
1815:Ami Yamato (June 13, 2011).
1048:. PANORA. January 15, 2020.
391:monetization of their videos
345:. There is also open source
256:A vtuber using hand tracking
218:VTubers are associated with
7:
3229:
2912:(in Brazilian Portuguese).
2904:Eriki (November 11, 2020).
2668:Diaz, Ana (June 24, 2021).
1955:Otmazgin & Ben-Ari 2020
868:
447:
167:
95:. Real-time motion capture
81:
62:
10:
4007:
2453:中沢弘子 (November 25, 2021).
1422:"The best VTuber software"
861:, who's been working with
850:that aired in March 2023.
396:
323:image format), use static
245:
3966:2020s in Internet culture
3961:2010s in Internet culture
3915:
3847:
3721:
3663:
3569:
3517:
3406:
3397:
3356:
3290:
3268:
3261:
3237:
3147:, eds. (April 23, 2020).
2729:HAWKS, Fukuoka SoftBank.
75:
53:
3364:Most-subscribed channels
2459:Forbes JAPAN（フォーブス ジャパン）
1456:"How to become a VTuber"
1028:South China Morning Post
945:Japanese popular culture
222:and aesthetics, such as
220:Japanese popular culture
3819:Internet Symphony No. 1
2704:advanced-television.com
2094:公開, 日時 (June 5, 2020).
362:artificial intelligence
3612:Garcia v. Google, Inc.
3153:. Springer Singapore.
2791:. Anime News Network.
1309:D'Anastasio, Cecilia.
883:Anime and manga portal
783:Guinness World Records
757:channel and their own
751:Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks
707:
573:anime and manga fandom
486:
471:
460:
406:On February 12, 2010,
286:Leap Motion Controller
257:
205:professional wrestling
203:character, not unlike
40:
3956:2020s fads and trends
3951:2010s fads and trends
3877:Headquarters shooting
3855:Censorship of YouTube
3453:PewDiePie vs T-Series
3374:Multi-channel network
2875:"Nendoroid Kizuna AI"
2821:. December 12, 2021.
2312:. December 15, 2020.
1766:. December 22, 2020.
1596:. February 12, 2022.
1255:www.virtualhumans.org
950:Video gaming in Japan
763:Fukuoka PayPay Dome's
692:
477:
466:
455:
343:license compatibility
311:is typically used to
255:
35:
3691:original programming
3642:Innocence of Muslims
3557:Most-disliked videos
3369:Most-viewed channels
3196:at Wikimedia Commons
3119:on November 22, 2023
3089:on November 22, 2023
3059:on November 22, 2023
2768:on February 14, 2019
2735:ソフトバンクホークス オフィシャルサイト
2706:. October 25, 2021.
2618:on February 14, 2019
2248:The Eastern Progress
2009:on February 14, 2019
1676:D'Anastasio, Cecilia
1524:"How to be a Vtuber"
863:Puzzle & Dragons
838:downloadable content
833:Sonic the Hedgehog 2
819:2020 Summer Olympics
791:has begun producing
705:Rohto Pharmaceutical
336:backwards compatible
332:open-source software
288:. Some programs use
284:devices such as the
264:and software, which
232:moe anthropomorphism
3892:YouTube downloaders
3867:Channel suspensions
3793:Project for Awesome
3618:Kohistan video case
3535:French music videos
3530:Arabic music videos
3306:(founder & CEO)
3029:. February 28, 2023
2999:. August 25, 2022.
1924:The Financial Times
651:On March 30, 2021,
457:Hololive Production
347:3D VTubing software
307:animation software
149:Hololive Production
3813:Symphony Orchestra
3798:Social in the City
3525:Most-viewed videos
3143:Otmazgin, Nissim;
2879:www.goodsmile.info
2280:Anime News Network
2185:Anime News Network
2033:Anime News Network
1973:Anime News Network
1894:. April 10, 2014.
1862:. April 13, 2012.
1818:Trying this out...
1650:vrm-consortium.org
971:Virtual influencer
935:Internet celebrity
925:Avatar (computing)
911:Video games portal
853:In November 2023,
827:Sonic the Hedgehog
789:Good Smile Company
739:Sonic the Hedgehog
727:Ibaraki Prefecture
708:
487:
472:
461:
258:
41:
3933:
3932:
3749:KSI vs Logan Paul
3664:Apps and services
3565:
3564:
3552:Most-liked videos
3389:Original channels
3352:
3351:
3194:Virtual YouTubers
3192:Media related to
2760:Nagata, Kazuaki.
2524:. April 6, 2022.
2164:(in Portuguese).
1678:(June 17, 2023).
960:Virtual character
859:Kazunari Ninomiya
800:Brazilian embassy
743:Jun'ichi Kanemaru
585:COVID-19 pandemic
93:computer graphics
16:(Redirected from
3998:
3981:Internet culture
3971:2010s neologisms
3923:
3922:
3594:Copyright strike
3584:Copyright issues
3545:Pakistani videos
3404:
3403:
3384:Official channel
3266:
3265:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3201:
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3191:
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3019:
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3008:
2989:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2966:Harding, Daryl.
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2952:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2921:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2890:
2871:
2865:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2851:. July 3, 2021.
2841:
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2450:
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2443:
2441:
2439:
2430:. July 4, 2021.
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2392:Harding, Daryl.
2389:
2383:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2338:. Archived from
2332:
2326:
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2082:
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2049:
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2046:
2044:
2025:
2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2005:. Archived from
1995:
1989:
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1984:
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1952:
1941:
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1708:
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1663:
1661:
1646:"VRM Consortium"
1642:
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1610:
1609:
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1586:
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1042:
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1019:
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1008:
993:
930:Content creation
913:
908:
907:
906:
899:
894:
893:
885:
880:
879:
702:
685:Use in marketing
609:
577:English-language
548:
537:
526:
515:
501:The VTuber trend
366:AI-generated art
340:anti-competitive
161:Fan translations
141:creating content
91:generated using
86:
84:
78:
77:
70:virtual YouTuber
67:
65:
55:
21:
4006:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3976:Cultural trends
3936:
3935:
3934:
3929:
3911:
3907:YouTube Theater
3897:YouTube Instant
3843:
3717:
3659:
3561:
3513:
3399:
3393:
3348:
3328:Susanne Daniels
3286:
3257:
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3228:
3184:
3179:
3170:
3168:
3161:
3138:
3136:Further reading
3133:
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3102:
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2828:
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2808:
2798:
2796:
2787:Morrissy, Kim.
2785:
2781:
2771:
2769:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2737:(in Japanese).
2727:
2723:
2713:
2711:
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2697:
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2683:
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2652:
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2531:
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2514:
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2499:
2497:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2461:(in Japanese).
2451:
2447:
2437:
2435:
2422:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2405:
2390:
2386:
2376:
2374:
2359:
2355:
2345:
2343:
2342:on May 12, 2021
2334:
2333:
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2192:
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2145:
2135:
2133:
2124:
2123:
2119:
2109:
2107:
2092:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2068:The Japan Times
2059:
2052:
2042:
2040:
2027:
2026:
2022:
2012:
2010:
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1982:
1980:
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1398:
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1377:
1367:
1365:
1354:Replaying Japan
1346:
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1330:
1307:
1303:
1293:
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1274:
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1224:Financial Times
1216:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1180:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1138:
1129:
1119:
1117:
1110:The Japan Times
1102:
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1021:
1020:
1016:
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994:
990:
985:
980:
909:
904:
902:
897:Internet portal
895:
888:
881:
874:
871:
843:Sonic Frontiers
696:
687:
603:
562:virtual reality
542:
531:
529:Nekomiya Hinata
520:
509:
503:
450:
431:Nico Nico Douga
404:
399:
382:talent agencies
378:
278:virtual reality
270:mouth movements
250:
244:
236:anthropomorphic
190:online identity
170:
82:bācharu YūChūbā
72:
47:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4004:
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3899:
3894:
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3879:
3874:
3872:YouTube Select
3869:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3822:
3810:
3805:
3803:Streamy Awards
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3779:
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3515:
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3506:
3505:
3504:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3479:YouTube Rewind
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3431:Creator Awards
3428:
3423:
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3413:
3407:
3401:
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3336:
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3319:
3316:Susan Wojcicki
3313:
3310:Salar Kamangar
3307:
3301:
3294:
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3183:
3182:External links
3180:
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3130:
3113:Dengeki online
3100:
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2927:
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1717:Slate Magazine
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1286:. p. 35.
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1031:. May 9, 2022.
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848:Yo-kai Watch ♪
694:Nebasei Cocoro
686:
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631:Projekt Melody
502:
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489:In late 2016,
449:
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435:motion capture
403:
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274:motion capture
243:
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178:live streamers
169:
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106:live streamers
26:
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3902:YouTube Space
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3788:Playlist Live
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3744:Creator Clash
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3540:Indian videos
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3253:Social impact
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2951:September 27,
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2910:Suco de Mangá
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2008:
2004:
2000:
1994:
1978:
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1963:
1957:, p. 77.
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1333:September 27,
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977:
976:Vtuber Awards
974:
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955:Virtual actor
953:
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940:Japanese idol
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821:in Tokyo).
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280:hardware, or
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3882:In education
3825:
3817:
3766:Music Awards
3671:BrandConnect
3652:
3641:
3627:
3610:
3508:
3477:
3473:YouTube poop
3436:Draw My Life
3333:Robert Kyncl
3169:. Retrieved
3149:
3123:November 22,
3121:. Retrieved
3117:the original
3112:
3103:
3093:November 22,
3091:. Retrieved
3087:the original
3082:
3073:
3063:November 22,
3061:. Retrieved
3057:the original
3052:
3043:
3033:November 28,
3031:. Retrieved
3026:
3017:
3005:. Retrieved
2996:
2987:
2977:December 21,
2975:. Retrieved
2971:
2961:
2949:. Retrieved
2940:
2930:
2918:. Retrieved
2909:
2899:
2889:November 11,
2887:. Retrieved
2878:
2869:
2857:. Retrieved
2848:
2839:
2827:. Retrieved
2818:
2809:
2797:. Retrieved
2782:
2772:February 14,
2770:. Retrieved
2766:the original
2755:
2745:February 25,
2743:. Retrieved
2734:
2724:
2712:. Retrieved
2703:
2694:
2682:. Retrieved
2673:
2663:
2651:. Retrieved
2642:
2632:
2622:February 14,
2620:. Retrieved
2616:the original
2591:. Retrieved
2582:
2572:
2562:February 14,
2560:. Retrieved
2551:
2542:
2530:. Retrieved
2519:
2510:
2500:February 22,
2498:. Retrieved
2489:
2479:
2469:November 26,
2467:. Retrieved
2458:
2448:
2436:. Retrieved
2427:
2418:
2408:September 1,
2406:. Retrieved
2397:
2387:
2377:September 1,
2375:. Retrieved
2366:
2356:
2344:. Retrieved
2340:the original
2330:
2320:December 16,
2318:. Retrieved
2309:
2300:
2290:September 8,
2288:. Retrieved
2279:
2269:
2257:. Retrieved
2246:
2236:
2224:. Retrieved
2215:
2205:
2195:September 1,
2193:. Retrieved
2184:
2174:
2165:
2161:
2134:. Retrieved
2120:
2108:. Retrieved
2099:
2089:
2079:February 14,
2077:. Retrieved
2066:
2043:December 14,
2041:. Retrieved
2032:
2023:
2013:February 14,
2011:. Retrieved
2007:the original
1993:
1981:. Retrieved
1972:
1962:
1933:. Retrieved
1922:
1912:
1900:. Retrieved
1889:
1880:
1868:. Retrieved
1857:
1848:
1839:
1829:February 14,
1827:. Retrieved
1817:
1810:
1798:. Retrieved
1784:
1772:. Retrieved
1763:
1725:. Retrieved
1716:
1706:
1694:. Retrieved
1683:
1670:
1660:February 16,
1658:. Retrieved
1649:
1640:
1630:February 16,
1628:. Retrieved
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1594:Anime Corner
1593:
1584:
1574:September 1,
1572:. Retrieved
1563:
1536:. Retrieved
1527:
1504:September 1,
1502:. Retrieved
1493:
1470:September 1,
1468:. Retrieved
1459:
1436:September 1,
1434:. Retrieved
1425:
1404:
1397:. Retrieved
1388:
1378:
1368:December 22,
1366:. Retrieved
1357:
1353:
1343:
1331:. Retrieved
1314:
1304:
1294:December 22,
1292:. Retrieved
1282:
1275:
1265:December 22,
1263:. Retrieved
1254:
1244:
1234:December 22,
1232:. Retrieved
1223:
1200:February 14,
1198:. Retrieved
1187:
1156:December 14,
1154:. Retrieved
1145:
1120:December 14,
1118:. Retrieved
1109:
1099:
1089:December 14,
1087:. Retrieved
1076:
1066:
1054:. Retrieved
1026:
1017:
1005:. Retrieved
991:
966:Virtual idol
852:
841:
831:
825:
823:
808:
797:
787:
778:Nissin Foods
775:
767:
765:videoboard.
720:
709:
664:
657:
650:
647:
643:
620:
582:
570:
551:
504:
488:
439:
416:Super Sonico
408:visual novel
405:
402:Predecessors
379:
359:
350:
330:Alternative
329:
302:
259:
217:
198:
186:marginalized
171:
134:
76:バーチャルユーチューバー
69:
44:
42:
29:
3739:Comedy Week
3468:Viral video
3398:Culture and
3322:Jawed Karim
3304:Chad Hurley
3053:Model Press
2972:Crunchyroll
2714:November 4,
2684:November 4,
2583:Nikkei Asia
2490:Dot Esports
2398:Crunchyroll
2259:November 1,
2226:October 26,
2110:January 28,
1902:November 1,
1870:November 1,
1800:October 13,
1774:November 8,
1727:November 8,
1460:Dot Esports
1426:Dot Esports
747:Crunchyroll
697: [
604: [
543: [
532: [
521: [
518:Mirai Akari
510: [
507:Kaguya Luna
355:open source
305:proprietary
194:Transgender
3991:Wasei-eigo
3940:Categories
3826:Mothership
3783:Open Sauce
3589:Content ID
3579:Censorship
3458:Reply girl
3441:Let's Play
3339:Udi Manber
3298:Steve Chen
3282:Lyor Cohen
3276:Neal Mohan
3027:Siliconera
3007:August 26,
2941:Mashed.com
2849:Siliconera
2819:Siliconera
2585:. Nikkei.
983:References
802:in Tokyo,
793:nendoroids
771:Gree, Inc.
601:Kiryu Coco
593:Super Chat
423:Ami Yamato
246:See also:
242:Technology
3808:Space Lab
3571:Criticism
3463:StudyTube
3426:BreadTube
3324:(founder)
3300:(founder)
3171:March 20,
2859:March 28,
2829:March 28,
2643:The Verge
2521:Bloomberg
2438:March 28,
2346:March 30,
1821:YouTube.
1696:August 4,
1685:Bloomberg
1538:April 20,
1528:TechRadar
1399:March 19,
1323:1059-1028
1007:March 28,
815:Taco Bell
809:In 2021,
716:iPhone XS
671:Ironmouse
660:Gawr Gura
653:Kizuna AI
635:Ironmouse
580:VTubers.
558:augmented
554:Nijisanji
491:Kizuna AI
468:Nijisanji
412:Nitroplus
174:YouTubers
153:Nijisanji
137:Kizuna AI
102:YouTubers
37:Kizuna AI
3925:Category
3601:Elsagate
3497:YouTuber
3421:BookTube
3357:Channels
3244:(parent)
3165:Archived
3083:Livedoor
3001:Archived
2945:Archived
2914:Archived
2883:Archived
2853:Archived
2823:Archived
2793:Archived
2739:Archived
2708:Archived
2678:Archived
2647:Archived
2593:June 23,
2587:Archived
2556:Archived
2532:April 8,
2526:Archived
2494:Archived
2463:Archived
2432:Archived
2402:Archived
2371:Archived
2314:Archived
2284:Archived
2253:Archived
2220:Archived
2189:Archived
2130:Archived
2104:Archived
2073:Archived
2037:Archived
1977:Archived
1929:Archived
1896:Archived
1864:Archived
1823:Archived
1794:Archived
1768:Archived
1737:cite web
1721:Archived
1690:Archived
1654:Archived
1624:Archived
1598:Archived
1568:Archived
1532:Archived
1498:Archived
1464:Archived
1430:Archived
1393:Archived
1362:Archived
1327:Archived
1288:Archived
1259:Archived
1228:Archived
1194:Archived
1150:Archived
1114:Archived
1083:Archived
1050:Archived
1001:Archived
920:Aniforms
869:See also
811:Hololive
712:SoftBank
639:Pokimane
629:members
597:Hololive
566:Hololive
448:Breakout
427:Vocaloid
357:nature.
298:infrared
266:captures
168:Overview
139:, began
130:Bilibili
122:Facebook
114:Niconico
97:software
63:BuiChūbā
50:Japanese
3946:VTubers
3860:Germany
3848:Related
3834:Tubecon
3754:rematch
3686:Premium
3635:Privacy
3411:Apology
3269:Current
3248:History
3231:YouTube
2920:June 4,
2799:May 19,
2674:Polygon
2552:YouTube
2428:Dexerto
2367:Polygon
2136:July 3,
1983:May 25,
1935:May 24,
1891:YouTube
1859:YouTube
1604:May 14,
1564:Polygon
1494:Polygon
1389:Polygon
1078:Polygon
1056:July 3,
857:member
759:Twitter
755:YouTube
731:Netflix
723:mascots
599:member
420:vlogger
397:History
325:sprites
294:Face ID
201:kayfabe
145:YouTube
126:Twitter
110:YouTube
58:Hepburn
54:ブイチューバー
3839:VidCon
3729:Awards
3722:Events
3703:Studio
3698:Shorts
3509:VTuber
3416:Beauty
3400:videos
3344:Yu Pan
3291:Former
3262:People
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