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research subjects to discuss the meaning of photographs, films or videos. In this case the images can be taken specially by the researcher with the idea of using them to elicit information, they can belong to the subject, for example family photographs or movies, or they can be gathered from other sources including archives, newspaper and television morgues, or corporate collections. Typically the interviewee's comments or analysis of the visual material is itself recorded, either on audio tape or video, etc.
2134:
2184:
859:
2170:
968:, the music of a voice, inflection, intonation, grunts and groans, pace, and space convey meanings easily (mis)understood but not easily gleaned from written words alone. By opening another channel of information, visual recordings preserve still more information. For instance, the raised eyebrow, the wave of a hand, the blink of an eye might convert the apparent meaning of words into their opposite, convey
2158:
989:
importantly, through editing visual sociologists can juxtapose events to produce meanings. Sociologists may also be able to put cameras in places where one would not put a researcher: where it is dangerous, or where a person would be unwelcome, or simply to remove the observer effect from particular situations, e.g., studying social behavior among school children on a playground.
1101:. Visual sociologists can categorize and count them; ask people about them; or study their use and the social settings in which they are produced and consumed. So the second meaning of visual sociology is a discipline to study the visual products of society—their production, consumption and meaning.
1076:
system produced by members of societies. The use and understanding of visual images is governed by socially established symbolic codes. Visual images are constructed and may be deconstructed. They may be read as texts in a variety of ways. They can be analyzed with techniques developed in diverse
988:
because they make it possible to speed up, slow down, repeat, stop, and zoom in on things of interest. It is the same in the social sciences, recordings facilitate the study of phenomena that are too fast, or too slow, or too infrequent or too big or too small to study directly "in the life." Most
999:
Photo voice is a related research method in which researchers give those being studied still or movie cameras. Research participants are taught to use the image making technology but are then responsible for making photos or movies which are subsequently analyzed either by the researchers or the
995:
is another technique of data gathering. This methodological tool is a combination of photography as the visual equivalent of a tape recorder, and ethnography or other qualitative methods. Photo elicitation techniques involve using photographs or film as part of the interview—in essence asking
1125:
address the communication of quantitative information. Qualitatively, visual sociology can be analyzed through content analysis, semiotics, and conversation analysis. Visual sociology considers the logics of presentation of sociological and anthropological documentarians and ethnographers like
1003:
In any case, in this first sense visual sociology means including and incorporating visual methods of data gathering and analysis in the work of sociology. This method has recently been transferred to other academic disciplines, notably having been pioneered in contemporary religious research.
1000:
participants, or both. The first use of photo voice was by Wang and Burris (published in 1994), where they defined it as "a method through which knowledge would be generated by people who were normally passive objects in the research process."
983:
Visual recording technology also allows us to manipulate the data. Visual recording can be used to represent other forms of recording technology and non-digital multimedia. Visual recordings have long been employed by natural
964:, etc. The tape recorder captures things that are not preserved in even the best researchers' field notes. Similarly, tape recordings preserve audible data not available in even the most carefully annotated transcripts:
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A third dimension of visual sociology is both the use of visual media to communicate sociological understandings to professional and public audiences, and also the use of visual media within sociological research itself.
980:. So, regardless of how one analyzes the data or what is done with the visual record, sociologists can use cameras to record and preserve data of interest so it can be studied in detail.
1146:. Visual sociology also requires the development of new forms—for example, data driven computer graphics to represent complex relationships e.g., changing social networks over time, the
1150:, the flow of labor, relations between theory and practice. Visual methods have been popular in various disciplines and fields, such as tourism and event studies.
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1189:
Pauwels, Luc (2010). "Visual
Sociology Reframed: An Analytical Synthesis and Discussion of Visual Methods in Social and Cultural Research".
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suggests that the framework is based on the origin and nature of visuals, research focus and design, and format and purpose.
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Values and
Significance: A case study exploring the search for meaning among young people in Eastern and Central Europe
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Pernecky, T., Rakic, & Tijana. (2019). Visual methods in event studies. Event
Management, 23(2), 179-190.
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Rakić, T., & Chambers, D. (2012). An
Introduction to Visual Research Methods in Tourism. Routledge.
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A camera person filming a fan with
Krzysztof Bandych, Polish journalist (nSport channel) in
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Visual sociology attempts to study visual images produced as part of culture.
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Visual sociology can be theoretically framed around three themes.
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Dr. Sarah Dunlop "Visualising Hope." published 2008 by YTC Press.
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are particularly well suited as data gathering technologies for
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There are at least three approaches to doing visual sociology:
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Data collection using cameras and other recording technology
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In this context, visual sociology draws on the work of
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concerned with the visual dimensions of social life.
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Communication with images and media other than words
948:and small group interactions, classroom studies,
2201:
1326:https://doi.org/10.3727/152599518X15378845225447
19:For the academic journal Visual Sociology, see
1289:Marvasti, Amir B. (2011). "Visual Sociology".
1123:The Visual Display of Quantitative Information
932:In this context, the camera is analogous to a
1385:
1295:. London: SAGE Publications. pp. 11–13.
883:
34:, just after the end of Poland-Greece match.
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1262:Annual Conference 2008 'Religion and Youth'
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1243:. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 189.
1228:. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 149.
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1008:Studying visual data produced by cultures
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1259:BSA Sociology of Religion Study Group
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1365:Goldsmiths MA in Visual Sociology
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1292:Qualitative Research in Sociology
1191:Sociological Methods and Research
1148:primitive accumulation of capital
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1346:BSA Visual Sociology Group (UK)
1097:, or the more mundane tools of
443:Peace, war, and social conflict
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1493:Structural functionalism
1239:Douglas, Harper (2012).
1224:Douglas, Harper (2012).
1203:10.1177/0049124110366233
208:Structural functionalism
21:Visual Studies (journal)
2210:Documentary film genres
2065:Industrial revolutions
1513:Symbolic interactionism
1257:, a paper given at the
1119:Envisioning Information
954:participant observation
228:Symbolic interactionism
123:Industrial revolutions
1503:Social constructionism
218:Social constructionism
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2110:Social stratification
1992:Conversation analysis
1549:Cultural anthropology
1539:Comparative sociology
1465:Sociological practice
1360:Articles on Fieldwork
593:Conversation analysis
168:Social stratification
29:
1559:Historical sociology
1165:Visual communication
1074:visual communication
2120:Social cycle theory
1579:Social anthropology
1569:Political sociology
1460:Sociological theory
1160:Visual anthropology
178:Social cycle theory
49:Part of a series on
2189:Society portal
2090:Social environment
1714:race and ethnicity
1564:Industrial society
1267:2008-08-20 at the
1079:literary criticism
1066:facial expressions
864:Society portal
487:History of science
468:Race and ethnicity
148:Social environment
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2085:Social complexity
2017:Social experiment
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1589:Social psychology
1253:Dr. Sarah Dunlop
1144:Frederick Wiseman
1095:deconstructionism
993:Photo elicitation
913:Theory and method
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618:Social experiment
498:Social psychology
143:Social complexity
16:Area of sociology
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2215:Sociology of art
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2012:Network analysis
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1508:Social darwinism
1445:Public sociology
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1087:content analysis
903:Visual sociology
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613:Network analysis
503:Sociocybernetics
493:Social movements
223:Social darwinism
173:Social structure
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1437:General aspects
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2007:Mathematical
1987:Ethnographic
1967:Quantitative
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1607:Sociology of
1534:Anthropology
1474:Perspectives
1341:IVSA website
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608:Mathematical
588:Ethnographic
568:Quantitative
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253:Architecture
191:Perspectives
163:Social power
2175:WikiProject
1977:Comparative
1972:Qualitative
1939:Baudrillard
1789:Tocqueville
1684:immigration
1659:environment
1544:Criminology
1099:ethnography
1018:photographs
962:urban space
950:ethnography
946:experiments
919:Luc Pauwels
819:Terminology
788:Baudrillard
664:Tocqueville
578:Comparative
573:Qualitative
543:Victimology
373:Immigration
358:Generations
273:Criminology
2204:Categories
2139:Categories
2080:Popularity
2033:Key themes
1997:Historical
1749:technology
1554:Demography
1498:Positivism
1197:(4): 548.
1176:References
1083:art theory
1077:fields of
1062:hair style
986:scientists
844:By country
598:Historical
523:Technology
463:Punishment
448:Philosophy
423:Mathematic
413:Literature
378:Industrial
368:Historical
293:Demography
213:Positivism
138:Popularity
93:Key themes
2002:Interview
1784:Martineau
1689:knowledge
1649:education
1644:economics
1401:Sociology
1091:semiotics
1042:landscape
907:sociology
660:Martineau
603:Interview
528:Terrorism
508:Sociology
453:Political
393:Knowledge
313:Education
55:Sociology
36:UEFA Euro
2150:Journals
2061:Identity
1944:Bourdieu
1934:Habermas
1929:Luhmann
1924:Foucault
1859:Mannheim
1834:Durkheim
1719:religion
1709:military
1704:medicine
1654:emotions
1639:deviance
1422:Timeline
1265:Archived
1211:60466985
1154:See also
1050:machines
839:Timeline
824:Journals
792:Bourdieu
784:Habermas
780:Luhmann
776:Foucault
720:Mannheim
700:Durkheim
473:Religion
433:Military
398:Language
383:Internet
338:Feminist
322:Jealousy
308:Economic
303:Disaster
298:Deviance
241:Branches
119:Identity
2163:Commons
2041:Society
1958:Methods
1949:Giddens
1914:Goffman
1909:Schoeck
1854:Du Bois
1819:Tönnies
1799:Spencer
1729:science
1699:leisure
1629:culture
1417:History
1412:Outline
1070:tattoos
1054:fashion
974:sarcasm
796:Giddens
794:·
790:·
782:·
770:·
768:Goffman
764:Schoeck
750:·
742:·
718:·
716:Du Bois
714:·
706:·
702:·
694:·
688:Tönnies
686:·
672:Spencer
670:·
648:·
561:Methods
538:Utopian
483:Science
428:Medical
418:Marxist
408:Leisure
318:Emotion
283:Culture
99:Society
78:Outline
73:History
2022:Survey
1919:Bauman
1894:Nisbet
1889:Merton
1879:Gehlen
1874:Adorno
1839:Addams
1829:Simmel
1824:Veblen
1814:Pareto
1804:Le Bon
1779:Sieyès
1679:health
1674:gender
1664:family
1299:
1209:
1142:, and
1058:makeup
966:timbre
834:People
772:Bauman
752:Nisbet
748:Merton
740:Gehlen
736:Adorno
729:1900s:
704:Addams
696:Simmel
692:Veblen
684:Pareto
676:Le Bon
657:1800s:
650:Sieyès
643:1700s:
623:Survey
548:Visual
458:Public
363:Health
353:Gender
343:Fiscal
333:Family
40:Poland
38:2012,
32:Warsaw
2145:lists
1899:Mills
1869:Fromm
1864:Elias
1849:Weber
1774:Comte
1739:space
1724:sport
1634:death
1427:Index
1207:S2CID
1030:fonts
1026:video
976:, or
970:irony
807:Lists
756:Mills
732:Fromm
724:Elias
712:Weber
646:Comte
533:Urban
518:Sport
513:Space
478:Rural
438:Music
388:Jewry
288:Death
248:Aging
83:Index
1904:Bell
1884:Aron
1844:Mead
1809:Ward
1794:Marx
1754:work
1669:food
1619:body
1297:ISBN
1138:and
1121:and
1022:film
940:and
938:Film
760:Bell
744:Aron
708:Mead
680:Ward
668:Marx
348:Food
268:Body
1694:law
1614:art
1199:doi
1014:Art
936:.
403:Law
258:Art
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