Virtual reality - Knowledge

1551:, anatomy teaching, military, astronaut training, flight simulators, miner training, medical education, geography education, architectural design, driver training, and bridge inspection. Immersive VR engineering systems enable engineers to see virtual prototypes prior to the availability of any physical prototypes. Supplementing training with virtual training environments has been claimed to offer avenues of realism in military and healthcare training while minimizing cost. It also has been claimed to reduce military training costs by minimizing the amounts of ammunition expended during training periods. VR can be used for the healthcare training and education for medical practitioners. Further, several application have been developed for multiple types of safety training. The latest results indicates that virtual reality safety training is more effective than traditional training in terms of knowledge acquisition and knowledge retention. 1666:

developmental issues in children; trip-and-fall and collision warnings; discomfort; repetitive stress injury; and interference with medical devices. Some users may experience twitches, seizures or blackouts while using VR headsets, even if they do not have a history of epilepsy and have never had blackouts or seizures before. One in 4,000 people, or .025%, may experience these symptoms. Motion sickness, eyestrain, headaches, and discomfort are the most prevalent short-term adverse effects. In addition, because of the virtual reality headsets' heavy weight, discomfort may be more likely among children. Therefore, children are advised against using VR headsets. Other problems may occur in physical interactions with one's environment. While wearing VR headsets, people quickly lose awareness of their real-world surroundings and may injure themselves by tripping over, or colliding with real-world objects.

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example, Nintendo's Virtual Boy received much criticism for its negative physical effects, including "dizziness, nausea, and headaches". These motion sickness symptoms are caused by a disconnect between what is being seen and what the rest of the body perceives. When the vestibular system, the body's internal balancing system, does not experience the motion that it expects from visual input through the eyes, the user may experience VR sickness. This can also happen if the VR system does not have a high enough frame rate, or if there is a lag between the body's movement and the onscreen visual reaction to it. Because approximately 25–40% of people experience some kind of VR sickness when using VR machines, companies are actively looking for ways to reduce VR sickness.

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addition, advanced VR systems can capture biometric data like voice patterns, eye movements, and physiological responses to VR experiences. Virtual reality technology has grown substantially since its inception, moving from a niche technology to a mainstream consumer product. As the user base has grown, so too has the amount of personal data collected by these systems. This data can be used to improve VR systems, to provide personalized experiences, or to collect demographic information for marketing purposes. However, it also raises significant privacy concerns, especially when this data is stored, shared, or sold without the user's explicit consent.

908: 1216: 1501:. This gives these elderly patients the opportunity to simulate real experiences that they would not otherwise be able to experience due to their current state. 17 recent studies with randomized controlled trials have shown that virtual reality applications are effective in treating cognitive deficits with neurological diagnoses. Loss of mobility in elderly patients can lead to a sense of loneliness and depression. Virtual reality is able to assist in making aging in place a lifeline to an outside world that they cannot easily navigate. Virtual reality allows exposure therapy to take place in a safe environment. 951: 1412:) in addition to image quality. Our eyes have a horizontal FOV from about 107 or 110 degrees to the temporal side to about 60 or 70 degrees toward the nose, and a vertical FOV from about 95 degrees downward to 85 degrees upward, and eye movements are estimated as roughly 30 deg to either side horizontally and 20 vertically. Binocular vision is limited to the 120 or 140 degrees where the right and the left visual fields overlap. With eye movements, we have a FOV of roughly 300 degrees x 175 degrees with two eyes, i.e., approximately one third of the full 360-deg sphere. 1114: 1050: 927:. This prototype, built on a shell of another virtual reality headset, was only capable of rotational tracking. However, it boasted a 90-degree field of vision that was previously unseen in the consumer market at the time. Luckey eliminated distortion issues arising from the type of lens used to create the wide field of vision using software that pre-distorted the rendered image in real-time. This initial design would later serve as a basis from which the later designs came. In 2012, the Rift is presented for the first time at the 546: 1401: 61: 1739:

world, particularly when wearing a VR headset that blocks out the location of objects in the physical world. Immersive VR can provide users with multisensory experiences that replicate reality or create scenarios that are impossible or dangerous in the physical world. Observations of 10 children experiencing VR for the first time suggested that 8-12-years-old kids were more confident to explore VR content when it was in a familiar situation, e.g. the children enjoyed playing in the kitchen context of

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significant element lies in the ability for the students to be able to interact with 3-D models that accurately respond based on real world possibilities. This added tool of education provides many the immersion needed to grasp complex topics and be able to apply them. As noted, the future architects and engineers benefit greatly by being able to form understandings between spatial relationships and providing solutions based on real-world future applications.

8872: 8882: 8892: 1446:. Consumer virtual reality headsets were first released by video game companies in the early-mid 1990s. Beginning in the 2010s, next-generation commercial tethered headsets were released by Oculus (Rift), HTC (Vive) and Sony (PlayStation VR), setting off a new wave of application development. 3D cinema has been used for sporting events, pornography, fine art, music videos and short films. Since 2015, roller coasters and 309: 577: 1533: 476:. Heilig also developed what he referred to as the "Telesphere Mask" (patented in 1960). The patent application described the device as "a telescopic television apparatus for individual use... The spectator is given a complete sensation of reality, i.e. moving three dimensional images which may be in colour, with 100% peripheral vision, binaural sound, scents and air breezes." 1735:

behavior, and even self-concept. Self-concept is a key indicator of core attitudes and coping abilities, particularly in adolescents. Early studies conducted on observing versus participating in violent VR games suggest that physiological arousal and aggressive thoughts, but not hostile feelings, are higher for participants than for observers of the virtual reality game.

1773:(CCPA) in the United States, can be applied to VR. These regulations require companies to disclose how they collect and use data, and give users a degree of control over their personal information. Despite these regulations, enforcing privacy laws in VR can be challenging due to the global nature of the technology and the vast amounts of data collected. 1758:, including information gathering of personal actions, movements and responses. Data from eye tracking sensors, which are projected to become a standard feature in virtual reality headsets, may indirectly reveal information about a user's ethnicity, personality traits, fears, emotions, interests, skills, and physical and mental health conditions. 1529:

headset and interact as if they are in the same physical room. Presentations, videos or 3D models (of e.g. products or prototypes) can be uploaded and interacted with. Compared to traditional text-based CMC, Avatar-based interactions in 3D virtual environment lead to higher levels of consensus, satisfaction, and cohesion among group members.

382:(AR) is a type of virtual reality technology that blends what the user sees in their real surroundings with digital content generated by computer software. The additional software-generated images with the virtual scene typically enhance how the real surroundings look in some way. AR systems layer virtual information over a camera 1110:, later renamed the Meta Quest 2. Some new features include a sharper screen, reduced price, and increased performance. Facebook (which became Meta a year later) initially required users to log in with a Facebook account in order to use the new headset. In 2021 the Oculus Quest 2 accounted for 80% of all VR headsets sold. 1793:), and preventing use of the hardware if the user's account is suspended. The following month, Facebook halted the sale of Oculus products in Germany due to concerns from regulators that the new policy was a violation of GDPR. In 2022, the company would later establish a separate "Meta account" system. 966:

discovered and freely shared the breakthrough of low-persistence displays which make lag-free and smear-free display of VR content possible. This was adopted by Oculus and was used in all their future headsets. In early 2014, Valve showed off their SteamSight prototype, the precursor to both consumer

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or multi-projected environments to generate some realistic images, sounds and other sensations that simulate a user's physical presence in a virtual environment. A person using virtual reality equipment is able to look around the artificial world, move around in it, and interact with virtual features

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Starting in the early 2020s, virtual reality has also been discussed as a technological setting that may support people's grieving process, based on digital recreations of deceased individuals. In 2021, this practice received substantial media attention following a South Korean TV documentary, which

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A case has also been made for including virtual reality technology in the context of public libraries. This would give library users access to cutting-edge technology and unique educational experiences. This could include giving users access to virtual, interactive copies of rare texts and artifacts

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In 2016, HTC shipped its first units of the HTC Vive SteamVR headset. This marked the first major commercial release of sensor-based tracking, allowing for free movement of users within a defined space. A patent filed by Sony in 2017 showed they were developing a similar location tracking technology

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all had dedicated AR and VR groups. Dynamic binaural audio was common to most headsets released that year. However, haptic interfaces were not well developed, and most hardware packages incorporated button-operated handsets for touch-based interactivity. Visually, displays were still of a low-enough

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Studies show that young children, compared to adults, may respond cognitively and behaviorally to immersive VR in ways that differ from adults. VR places users directly into the media content, potentially making the experience very vivid and real for children. For example, children of 6–18 years of

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VR headsets may regularly cause eye fatigue, as does all screened technology, because people tend to blink less when watching screens, causing their eyes to become more dried out. There have been some concerns about VR headsets contributing to myopia, but although VR headsets sit close to the eyes,

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The first fine art virtual world was created in the 1970s. As the technology developed, more artistic programs were produced throughout the 1990s, including feature films. When commercially available technology became more widespread, VR festivals began to emerge in the mid-2010s. The first uses of

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In the fast-paced and globalised business world, meetings in VR are used to create an environment in which interactions with other people (e.g. colleagues, customers, partners) can feel more natural than a phone call or video chat. In the customisable meeting rooms all parties can join using the VR

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Most small-size displays have a refresh rate of 60 Hz, which adds about 15ms of additional latency. The number is reduced to less than 7ms if the refresh rate is increased to 120 Hz or even 240 Hz and more. Participants generally feel that the experience is more immersive with higher

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Minimal Angle of Resolution (MAR) refers to the minimum distance between two display pixels. At the distance, viewer can clearly distinguish the independent pixels. Often measured in arc-seconds, MAR between two pixels has to do with the viewing distance. For the general public, resolution is about

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Experiencing VR by children may further involve simultaneously holding the idea of the virtual world in mind while experiencing the physical world. Excessive usage of immersive technology that has very salient sensory features may compromise children's ability to maintain the rules of the physical

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In the case of education, the uses of virtual reality have demonstrated being capable of promoting higher order thinking, promoting the interest and commitment of students, the acquisition of knowledge, promoting mental habits and understanding that are generally useful within an academic context.

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VR can simulate real workspaces for workplace occupational safety and health purposes, educational purposes, and training purposes. It can be used to provide learners with a virtual environment where they can develop their skills without the real-world consequences of failing. It has been used and

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with an initial focus on the development of VR hardware. In its earliest form, the company struggled to produce a commercial version of "The Rig", which was realized in prototype form as a clunky steel contraption with several computer monitors that users could wear on their shoulders. The concept

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social network, and that a Facebook account would be required to use future Oculus headset models, and all existing models (via deprecation of the separate Oculus account system) beginning January 2023. The announcement was criticized for the mandatory integration of Oculus headsets with Facebook

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Studies on VR consumer behavior or its effect on children and a code of ethical conduct involving underage users are especially needed, given the availability of VR porn and violent content. Related research on violence in video games suggests that exposure to media violence may affect attitudes,

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symptoms. Women are significantly more affected than men by headset-induced symptoms, at rates of around 77% and 33% respectively. The most common symptoms are general discomfort, headache, stomach awareness, nausea, vomiting, pallor, sweating, fatigue, drowsiness, disorientation, and apathy. For

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The nature of VR technology means that it can gather a wide range of data about its users. This can include obvious information such as usernames and account information, but also extends to more personal data like physical movements, interaction habits, and responses to virtual environments. In

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Immersive virtual reality technology with myoelectric and motion tracking control may represent a possible therapy option for treatment-resistant phantom limb pain. Pain scale measurements were taken into account and an interactive 3-D kitchen environment was developed based on the principles of

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approved the first Virtual Reality based Flight Simulation Training Device. The device, for rotorcraft pilots, enhances safety by opening up the possibility of practicing risky maneuvers in a virtual environment. This addresses a key risk area in rotorcraft operations, where statistics show that

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In the engineering field, VR has proved very useful for both engineering educators and the students. A previously expensive cost in the educational department now being much more accessible due to lowered overall costs, has proven to be a very useful tool in educating future engineers. The most

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To create a feeling of immersion, special output devices are needed to display virtual worlds. Well-known formats include head-mounted displays or the CAVE. In order to convey a spatial impression, two images are generated and displayed from different perspectives (stereo projection). There are

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and visual realism, and the HMD to be worn by the user was so heavy that it had to be suspended from the ceiling, which gave the device a formidable appearance and inspired its name. Technically, the device was an augmented reality device due to optical passthrough. The graphics comprising the

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Wiebe, Annika; Kannen, Kyra; Selaskowski, Benjamin; Mehren, Aylin; Thöne, Ann-Kathrin; Pramme, Lisa; Blumenthal, Nike; Li, Mengtong; Asché, Laura; Jonas, Stephan; Bey, Katharina; Schulze, Marcel; Steffens, Maria; Pensel, Max; Guth, Matthias; Rohlfsen, Felicia; Ekhlas, Mogda; Lügering, Helena;

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to the hands or other parts of the body, so that the user can orientate themselves in the three-dimensional world through haptics and sensor technology as a further sensory sensation and carry out realistic simulations. This allows for the viewer to have a sense of direction in the artificial

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There are many health and safety considerations of virtual reality. A number of unwanted symptoms have been caused by prolonged use of virtual reality, and these may have slowed proliferation of the technology. Most virtual reality systems come with consumer warnings, including: seizures;

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30-65 arc-seconds, which is referred to as the spatial resolution when combined with distance. Given the viewing distance of 1m and 2m respectively, regular viewers won't be able to perceive two pixels as separate if they are less than 0.29mm apart at 1m and less than 0.58mm apart at 2m.

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mirror therapy to allow for control of virtual hands while wearing a motion-tracked VR headset. A systematic search in Pubmed and Embase was performed to determine results that were pooled in two meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a significant result in favor of VRT for balance.

749:, allowing people to see their own bodies in relation to others in the room. Antonio Medina, a MIT graduate and NASA scientist, designed a virtual reality system to "drive" Mars rovers from Earth in apparent real time despite the substantial delay of Mars-Earth-Mars signals. 1517:. A 2018 review on the effectiveness of mirror therapy by virtual reality and robotics for any type of pathology concluded in a similar way. Another study was conducted that showed the potential for VR to promote mimicry and revealed the difference between neurotypical and 272:

In projector-based virtual reality, modeling of the real environment plays a vital role in various virtual reality applications, including robot navigation, construction modeling, and airplane simulation. Image-based virtual reality systems have been gaining popularity in

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invited a grieving mother to interact with a virtual replica of her deceased daughter. Subsequently, scientists have summarized several potential implications of such endeavours, including its potential to facilitate adaptive mourning, but also many ethical challenges.

795:, enabling a physically realistic mixed reality in 3D. The system enabled the overlay of physically real 3D virtual objects registered with a user's direct view of the real world, producing the first true augmented reality experience enabling sight, sound, and touch. 1247:

screens for stereoscopic displays; and small, lightweight and fast computer processors. These components led to relative affordability for independent VR developers, and led to the 2012 Oculus Rift Kickstarter offering the first independently developed VR headset.

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developed the Large Expanse, Extra Perspective (LEEP) optical system. The combined system created a stereoscopic image with a field-of-view wide enough to create a convincing sense of space. The users of the system have been impressed by the sensation of depth

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Freeman, Daniel; Lambe, Sinéad; Kabir, Thomas; Petit, Ariane; Rosebrock, Laina; Yu, Ly-Mee; Dudley, Robert; Chapman, Kate; Morrison, Anthony; O'Regan, Eileen; Aynsworth, Charlotte; Jones, Julia; Murphy, Elizabeth; Powling, Rosie; Galal, Ushma (1 May 2022).

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In order to improve the feeling of immersion, wearable multi-string cables offer haptics to complex geometries in virtual reality. These strings offer fine control of each finger joint to simulate the haptics involved in touching these virtual geometries.

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video games can be used as an example, using various triggers, responsive characters, and other such interactive devices to make the user feel as though they are in a virtual world. A common criticism of this form of immersion is that there is no sense of

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have incorporated virtual reality to match visual effects with haptic feedback. VR not only fits the trend of the digital industry but also enhances the film's visual effect. The film gives the audience more ways to interact through VR technology.

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In medicine, simulated VR surgical environments were first developed in the 1990s. Under the supervision of experts, VR can provide effective and repeatable training at a low cost, allowing trainees to recognize and amend errors as they occur.

4313:"Automated virtual reality therapy to treat agoraphobic avoidance and distress in patients with psychosis (gameChange): a multicentre, parallel-group, single-blind, randomised, controlled trial in England with mediation and moderation analyses" 1454:

In social sciences and psychology, virtual reality offers a cost-effective tool to study and replicate interactions in a controlled environment. It can be used as a form of therapeutic intervention. For instance, there is the case of the

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was the first to implement VR on a low-cost personal computer. The project leader Eric Gullichsen left in 1990 to found Sense8 Corporation and develop the WorldToolKit virtual reality SDK, which offered the first real time graphics with

1103:. Notable features include a 130° field of view, off-ear headphones for immersion and comfort, open-handed controllers which allow for individual finger tracking, front facing cameras, and a front expansion slot meant for extensibility. 258:-based virtual reality. For example, driving simulators give the driver the impression of actually driving a vehicle by predicting vehicular motion based on the driver's input and providing corresponding visual, motion, and audio cues. 1182:. The device is a fully enclosed mixed reality headset that strongly utilises video passthrough. While some VR experiences are available on the device, it lacks standard VR headset features such as external controllers or support for 1478:

manage their avoidance of outside environments. In the therapy, the user wears a headset and a virtual character provides psychological advice and guides them as they explore simulated environments (such as a cafe or a busy street).

939:(later Meta) purchased Oculus VR for what at the time was stated as $ 2 billion but later revealed that the more accurate figure was $ 3 billion. This purchase occurred after the first development kits ordered through Oculus' 2012 1133:. This device utilised a thinner, visor-like design that was not fully enclosed, and was the first headset by Meta to target mixed reality applications using high-resolution colour video passthrough. It also included integrated 5930: 7002: 5463:

Shufelt, Jr., J.W. (2006) A Vision for Future Virtual Training. In Virtual Media for Military Applications (pp. KN2-1 – KN2-12). Meeting Proceedings RTO-MP-HFM-136, Keynote 2. Neuilly-sur-Seine, France: RTO. Available from:

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since the 2000s. Despite numerous studies conducted, good quality evidence of its efficacy compared to other rehabilitation methods without sophisticated and expensive equipment is lacking for the treatment of

813:. Both used an advanced head-mounted display dubbed the "Mega Visor Display" developed in conjunction with Virtuality; it was able to track head movement in a 360-degree stereoscopic 3D environment, and in its 467:

wrote in the 1950s of an "Experience Theatre" that could encompass all the senses in an effective manner, thus drawing the viewer into the onscreen activity. He built a prototype of his vision dubbed the

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found that VR usage could lead to physical injuries including leg, hand, arm and shoulder injuries. VR usage has also been tied to incidents that resulted in neck injuries (especially injures to the

899:, a service that shows panoramic views of an increasing number of worldwide positions such as roads, indoor buildings and rural areas. It also features a stereoscopic 3D mode, introduced in 2010. 5927:"Virtual reality at the British Museum: What is the value of virtual reality environments for learning by children and young people, schools, and families? – MW2016: Museums and the Web 2016" 2000: 5012: 2486: 3777: 1175:, the successor to the Quest 2. It features the pancake lenses and mixed reality features of the Quest Pro, as well as an increased field of view and resolution compared to Quest 2. 6738:

Munafo, Justin; Diedrick, Meg; Stoffregen, Thomas A. (3 December 2016). "The virtual reality head-mounted display Oculus Rift induces motion sickness and is sexist in its effects".

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VR in museum settings began in the 1990s, seeing a significant increase in the mid-2010s. Additionally, museums have begun making some of their content virtual reality accessible.

150:" has had the meaning of "being something in essence or effect, though not actually or in fact" since the mid-1400s. The term "virtual" has been used in the computer sense of "not 1570:, particularly in the bid to challenge traditional "brick and mortar" retailers. However, a 2018 study revealed that the majority of goods are still purchased in physical stores. 967:

headsets released in 2016. It shared major features with the consumer headsets including separate 1K displays per eye, low persistence, positional tracking over a large area, and

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Fang, Cathy; Zhang, Yang; Dworman, Matthew; Harrison, Chris (21 April 2020). "Wireality: Enabling Complex Tangible Geometries in Virtual Reality with Worn Multi-String Haptics".

5079:"Virtualisation devices for student learning: Comparison between desktop-based (Oculus Rift) and mobile-based (Gear VR) virtual reality in medical and health science education" 281:

communities. In generating realistic models, it is essential to accurately register acquired 3D data; usually, a camera is used for modeling small objects at a short distance.

400:(MR) is the merging of the real world and virtual worlds to produce new environments and visualizations where physical and digital objects co-exist and interact in real time. 269:

distributed virtual environment in the form of either a conventional avatar or a real video. Users can select their own type of participation based on the system capability.

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Pennsylvania State University; Xu, Heng; Dinev, Tamara; Florida Atlantic University; Smith, Jeff; Miami University; Hart, Paul; Florida Atlantic University (December 2011).

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Calvert, Sandra L.; Tan, Siu-Lan (January 1994). "Impact of virtual reality on young adults' physiological arousal and aggressive thoughts: Interaction versus observation".

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was released in late 2014; it was briefly competitive in the Chinese market but ultimately unable to compete with the larger technology companies. In 2015, Google announced

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in 1962, along with five short films to be displayed in it while engaging multiple senses (sight, sound, smell, and touch). Predating digital computing, the Sensorama was a

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concerns have been associated with VR platforms; the persistent tracking required by all VR systems makes the technology particularly useful for, and vulnerable to, mass

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Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM 6) & 7th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECFD 7), Glasgow, Scotland

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Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Computational Mechanics (ECCM 6) & 7th European Conference on Computational Fluid Dynamics (ECFD 7), Glasgow, Scotland

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with a small screen in front of the eyes, but can also be created through specially designed rooms with multiple large screens. Virtual reality typically incorporates

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The virtual reality industry mainly provided VR devices for medical, flight simulation, automobile industry design, and military training purposes from 1970 to 1990.

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launched and went on to become the first mass-produced, networked, multiplayer VR entertainment system that was released in many countries, including a dedicated VR

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Children are becoming increasingly aware of VR, with the number in the USA having never heard of it dropping by half from Autumn 2016 (40%) to Spring 2017 (19%).

6291: 947:, Carmack's former employer, sued Oculus and Facebook for taking company secrets to Facebook; the verdict was in favour of ZeniMax, settled out of court later. 3423: 706:. Costing up to $ 73,000 per multi-pod Virtuality system, they featured headsets and exoskeleton gloves that gave one of the first "immersive" VR experiences. 3996: 6422:"Brendan Bradley's virtual reality musical Non-Player Character debuts on Top Soundtrack Chart with first single 'Reprogram Me' arriving at No. 25 on iTunes" 6533: 4067:

Groom, Victoria; Bailenson, Jeremy N.; Nass, Clifford (1 July 2009). "The influence of racial embodiment on racial bias in immersive virtual environments".

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and controllers in 2015. The set included tracking technology called Lighthouse, which utilized wall-mounted "base stations" for positional tracking using

5297:"Virtual and Augmented Reality Enhancements to Medical and Science Student Physiology and Anatomy Test Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 7344:

Kröger, Jacob Leon; Lutz, Otto Hans-Martin; Müller, Florian (2020). "What Does Your Gaze Reveal About You? On the Privacy Implications of Eye Tracking".

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Yamada-Rice, Dylan; Mushtaq, Faisal; Woodgate, Adam; Bosmans, D.; Douthwaite, A.; Douthwaite, I.; Harris, W.; Holt, R.; Kleeman, D. (12 September 2017).

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Abulrub, Abdul-Hadi G.; Attridge, Alex N.; Williams, Mark A. (April 2011). "Virtual reality in engineering education: The future of creative learning".

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Stredney, D.; Sessanna, D.; McDonald, J. S.; Hiemenz, L.; Rosenberg, L. B. (1996). "A virtual simulation environment for learning epidural anesthesia".

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consortium was subsequently founded in 1997 for the development of industry standards for web-based 3D graphics. The consortium subsequently developed

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270 degree immersive projection room called the Virtual Environment Theater, produced by entrepreneurs Chet Dagit and Bob Jacobson. Forte released the

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Lawson, B. D. (2014). Motion sickness symptomatology and origins. Handbook of Virtual Environments: Design, Implementation, and Applications, 531-599.

1613:. In July, Brendan Bradley released the free FutureStages web-based virtual reality venue for live events and concerts throughout the 2020 shutdown, 1480: 6473: 7797: 7731: 2214: 7067: 5861: 4889:

Warnier, Nadieh (November 2019). "Effect of virtual reality therapy on balance and walking in children with cerebral palsy: A systematic review".

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by the researchers. This hack should be difficult to execute outside research settings but would make its target vulnerable to many risks such as

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is increasingly used to combine several high-resolution photographs for the creation of detailed 3D objects and environments in VR applications.

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was appointed Google's first-ever 'resident artist' in their new VR division. The Kickstarter campaign for Gloveone, a pair of gloves providing

3683: 2490: 1781: 102:), education (such as medical, safety or military training) and business (such as virtual meetings). VR is one of the key technologies in the 9599: 5032:"The effectiveness of virtual and augmented reality in health sciences and medical anatomy: VR and AR in Health Sciences and Medical Anatomy" 2293:

Scott S. Fisher; The NASA Ames VIEWlab Project—A Brief History. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 2016; 25 (4): 339–348. doi:

6498: 7679: 7653: 5157: 2975: 2751:"Virtual Reality Applications Expand : Imaging: Technology is finding important places in medicine, engineering and many other realms" 265:-based virtual reality, people can join the virtual environment in the form of real video as well as an avatar. One can participate in the 1969: 316: 6447: 5183: 763:

system developed in 1992. Picture features Dr. Louis Rosenberg interacting freely in 3D with overlaid virtual objects called 'fixtures'.

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Rosenberg, Louis (1992). "The Use of Virtual Fixtures As Perceptual Overlays to Enhance Operator Performance in Remote Environments.".

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Digital Human Modeling and Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics and Risk Management. Health, Operations Management, and Design

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During the COVID-19 pandemic, social VR has also been used as a mental-health tool in a form of self-administered, non-traditional

1361:(API) that provides support for various virtual reality devices, such as the HTC Vive, Oculus Rift, Google Cardboard or OSVR, in a 5952: 4267:

Gerardi, Maryrose (June 2010). "Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Other Anxiety Disorders".

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they may not necessarily contribute to nearsightedness if the focal length of the image being displayed is sufficiently far away.

9484: 6840: 3922: 2875: 1096:. These headsets utilized inside-out tracking compared to external outside-in tracking seen in previous generations of headsets. 488: 5208: 2569: 8625: 8597: 4830: 2976:"30 Minutes Inside Valve's Prototype Virtual Reality Headset: Owlchemy Labs Share Their Steam Dev Days Experience – Road to VR" 1497:

Virtual reality programs are being used in the rehabilitation processes with elderly individuals that have been diagnosed with

6216:"The reconnection with a deceased loved one through virtual reality. Opinions and concerns against an unprecedented challenge" 2436: 1743:, and enjoyed breaking rules by engaging in activities they are not allowed to do in reality, such as setting things on fire. 9146: 8650: 7626: 7363: 7108: 5910: 5844: 5737: 4423: 3897: 3752: 2776: 2187: 1790: 1784:. In August 2020, Facebook announced that Oculus products would become subject to the terms of use and privacy policy of the 539: 6966: 4453:

Kamińska, Magdalena Sylwia; Miller, Agnieszka; Rotter, Iwona; Szylińska, Aleksandra; Grochans, Elżbieta (14 November 2018).

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different technologies available to bring the respective image to the right eye. A distinction is made between active (e.g.

8501: 7828: 5118: 2924: 1676:(also known as cybersickness) occurs when a person's exposure to a virtual environment causes symptoms that are similar to 1548: 1338:(VRML), first introduced in 1994, was intended for the development of "virtual worlds" without dependency on headsets. The 250:, demonstrating how astronauts might use virtual reality in the future to train to extinguish a fire inside a lunar habitat 4175:

Gonçalves, Raquel; Pedrozo, Ana Lúcia; Coutinho, Evandro Silva Freire; Figueira, Ivan; Ventura, Paula (27 December 2012).

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were both precursors to virtual reality. The first references to the more modern-day concept of virtual reality came from

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Stein, Jan-Philipp (2021). "Conjuring up the departed in virtual reality: The good, the bad, and the potentially ugly".

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age reported higher levels of presence and "realness" of a virtual environment compared with adults 19–65 years of age.

9172: 8167: 3052: 2851:"Facebook just settled a $ 500 million lawsuit over virtual reality after a years-long battle — here's what's going on" 2389: 1766: 1719:

teens own a VR device, 5% use it daily, while 48% of teen headset owners "seldom" use it. Of the teens who don't own a

847: 742: 714: 6394: 8807: 8635: 8172: 6793:"Simulator Sickness Scores According to Symptom Susceptibility, Age, and Gender for an Older Driver Assessment Study" 4404:"Social Virtual Reality as a Mental Health Tool: How People Use VRChat to Support Social Connectedness and Wellbeing" 4251: 3299:"From the lab to the living room: The story behind Facebook's Oculus Insight technology and a new era of consumer VR" 3026: 2245: 2145: 1358: 1290:

Special input devices are required for interaction with the virtual world. Some of the most common input devices are

5296: 5031: 986: 9108: 8895: 7996: 5468: 4850:"Immersive virtual reality therapy with myoelectric control for treatment-resistant phantom limb pain: Case report" 4004: 1942: 1456: 1210: 690:

home console. It used LCD screens in the visor, stereo headphones, and inertial sensors that allowed the system to

225: 103: 37: 7780:"Virtual reality applications in manufacturing industries: Past research, present findings, and future directions" 7756: 5158:"NASA shows the world its 20-year virtual reality experiment to train astronauts: The inside story – TechRepublic" 2675: 880:

The 2000s were a period of relative public and investment indifference to commercially available VR technologies.

8283: 6540: 6157:"Using 3D/VR for Research and Cultural Heritage Preservation: Project Update on the Virtual Ganjali Khan Project" 3553: 1770: 1684: 1122: 95: 17: 7705: 7319: 7042: 5968:"Worldwide Spending on Augmented and Virtual Reality Forecast to Reach $ 13.9 Billion in 2017, According to IDC" 3247: 3002:"Valve to Demonstrate Prototype VR HMD and Talk Changes to Steam to "Support and Promote VR Games" – Road to VR" 1578:

and to tours of famous landmarks and archeological digs (as in the case with the Virtual Ganjali Khan Project).

832:, which, despite using the term "VR", was unable to represent virtual reality, and instead displayed 360-degree 569:

in 1985 for their first virtual reality installation, the VIEW (Virtual Interactive Environment Workstation) by

8921: 8574: 8536: 8200: 7908: 6071:

Sáez-López, José-Manuel; García, María Luisa Sevillano-García; Pascual-Sevillano, María de los Ángeles (2019).

3078: 2661: 2340: 611:, the EyePhone, the Reality Built For Two (RB2), and the AudioSphere. VPL licensed the DataGlove technology to 6791:

Park, George D.; Allen, R. Wade; Fiorentino, Dary; Rosenthal, Theodore J.; Cook, Marcia L. (5 November 2016).

6215: 3158: 2459: 1315:(with which walking in virtual space is controlled by real walking movements) and vibration gloves and suits. 9655: 9614: 8716: 8693: 8423: 8413: 3708: 3476: 2322:"Zimmerman & Lanier Develop the DataGlove, a Hand Gesture Interface Device : History of Information" 1464: 372:

for physically interacting within the virtual world in an intuitive way with little to no abstraction and an

187:, has been in use since the 1970s. The term "virtual reality" was first used in a science fiction context in 1589:

has resulted in organizational efforts to incorporate the many diverse applications of virtual reality into

9650: 9086: 9043: 8797: 8385: 8293: 8205: 7981: 7966: 4539:

Rosenberg, Louis; Stredney, Don (1996). "A haptic interface for virtual simulation of endoscopic surgery".

3656: 1491: 1421: 1295: 7555:"Empirical Studies on Online Information Privacy Concerns: Literature Review and an Integrative Framework" 7389:"Empirical Studies on Online Information Privacy Concerns: Literature Review and an Integrative Framework" 3351: 202:, who in the late 1980s designed some of the first business-grade virtual reality hardware under his firm 9356: 8988: 8885: 8620: 8125: 7813: 7469:"Privacy attitudes and privacy behaviour: A review of current research on the privacy paradox phenomenon" 6613: 5344:"Collaborative and individual learning of geography in immersive virtual reality: An effectiveness study" 2750: 1838: 1256: 1220: 1043: 638: 584:

DataSuit, a full-body outfit with sensors for measuring the movement of arms, legs, and trunk. Developed

570: 535: 221: 33: 7088: 7087:

Bailey, Jakki O.; Bailenson, Jeremy N. (1 January 2017), Blumberg, Fran C.; Brooks, Patricia J. (eds.),

6689:"Sensation of presence and cybersickness in applications of virtual reality for advanced rehabilitation" 6474:"Post Malone to Perform 'Twelve Carat Toothache' in a Virtual Reality Concert Hosted by Meta: Exclusive" 4732:"Does Robotics and Virtual Reality Add Real Progress to Mirror Therapy Rehabilitation? A Scoping Review" 3527: 3273: 2789: 745:(CAVE). Developed as Cruz-Neira's PhD thesis, it involved a multi-projected environment, similar to the 9008: 8857: 8506: 2265: 1927: 1850: 1326:. VR cameras are available in various formats, with varying numbers of lenses installed in the camera. 376:

for more freedom of physical movement allowing the user to perform locomotive motion in any direction.

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founded a research lab for virtual reality in 1982, but the lab was closed after two years due to the

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Modern virtual reality headset displays are based on technology developed for smartphones including:

718: 519: 373: 166: 7516:"Information Privacy Concerns: Linking Individual Perceptions with Institutional Privacy Assurances" 6834:"ARL-TR-5573: A Summary of Simulator Sickness Ratings for U.S. Army Aviation Engineering Simulators" 2308:"Virtual Reality and Artificial Environments", A Critical History of Computer Graphics and Animation 1251:

Independent production of VR images and video has increased alongside the development of affordable

669:

The 1990s saw the first widespread commercial releases of consumer headsets. In 1992, for instance,

9682: 9640: 9048: 8726: 8559: 8152: 8021: 7858: 6662: 5997: 5755:"Evaluating the effectiveness of virtual reality for safety-relevant training: a systematic review" 1673: 1389: 1272: 907: 634: 262: 208: 6196: 5486:"A Framework for Determining the Return on Investment of Simulation-Based Training in Health Care" 5342:

Sedlák, Michal; Šašinka, Čeněk; Stachoň, Zdeněk; Chmelík, Jiří; Doležal, Milan (18 October 2022).

4932: 4455:"The effectiveness of virtual reality training in reducing the risk of falls among elderly people" 3298: 3001: 2595: 2543: 1034:

and haptic feedback, was successfully funded, with over $ 150,000 in contributions. Also in 2015,

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Paine, Carina; Reips, Ulf-Dietrich; Stieger, Stefan; Joinson, Adam; Buchanan, Tom (1 June 2007).

6971: 6899: 5795: 5717: 3143:

Agam, Shah (13 December 2016). "Sony's PlayStation VR tops HTC Vive in headset shipment battle".

2822: 2520: 1692: 1509: 1484: 1259:, although at relatively low resolutions or in highly compressed formats for online streaming of 1146: 784: 565:) in the scene and the corresponding realism. The original LEEP system was redesigned for NASA's 437: 341: 321: 243: 118: 9635: 9028: 8852: 8683: 8564: 8331: 8321: 8316: 7513: 2406: 2321: 1514: 1498: 1252: 1215: 775:, the first real-time interactive immersive movie where the interaction was facilitated with a 449: 293: 7348:. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. Vol. 576. pp. 226–241. 3501: 2950:"Not-quite-live bloga : panel discussion with John Carmack, Tim Sweeney, Johan Andersson" 2640:

Rosenberg, L.B. (1993). "Virtual Fixtures: Perceptual Overlays for Telerobotic Manipulation".

1625:

with audiences interacting with a live performer in both virtual reality and projected on the

1085:

to the Vive for PlayStation VR, with the potential for the development of a wireless headset.

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Dourado, Antônio O.; Martin, C.A. (2013). "New concept of dynamic flight simulator, Part I".

5184:"A Look at NASA's Hybrid Reality Astronaut Training System, Powered by HTC Vive – Road to VR" 3861: 2596:"Automation and Robotics for the Space Exploration Initiative: Results from Project Outreach" 1897: 1802: 1244: 1228: 1134: 955: 671: 297: 235: 4177:"Efficacy of Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy in the Treatment of PTSD: A Systematic Review" 3224: 2358: 883:

In 2001, SAS Cube (SAS3) became the first PC-based cubic room, developed by Z-A Production (

9604: 9504: 9249: 9081: 8582: 8554: 8526: 8521: 8350: 8326: 8278: 8263: 8245: 8235: 8230: 8192: 8142: 8137: 8054: 8000: 7825:

Basic Concepts of Virtual Reality along with Research Challenges explained in simple words.

6499:"Megan Thee Stallion To Hit the Virtual Road With "Enter Thee Hottieverse" VR Concert Tour" 5662: 5355: 5243: 4966: 4188: 4028:"Application of Digital Interactive Display Design Based on Computer Technology in VR Film" 2610: 2090: 1937: 1618: 1435: 1408:

In assessing the achieved immersion by a VR device, we need to consider our field of view (

1347: 1199: 1160:, higher-resolution OLED displays, controllers with adaptive triggers and haptic feedback, 950: 833: 788: 566: 549: 337: 325: 266: 147: 123: 107: 68: 5975: 2898: 1977: 1156:, a follow-up to their 2016 headset. The device includes inside-out tracking, eye-tracked 8: 8847: 8772: 8688: 8673: 8438: 8225: 8182: 8177: 8074: 8064: 8036: 7882: 5444:"Use of gaming and affordable VR technology for the visualization of complex flow fields" 5409: 5295:

Moro, C; Birt, J; Stromberga, Z; Phelps, C; Clark, J; Glasziou, P; Scott, AM (May 2021).

4113:"Virtual reality in the diagnostic and therapy for mental disorders: A systematic review" 4111:

Fileccia, Helena; Pakos, Julian; Lux, Silke; Philipsen, Alexandra; Braun, Niclas (2022).

1638: 821: 726: 695: 289: 87: 5666: 5359: 5247: 5030:

Moro, Christian; Štromberga, Zane; Raikos, Athanasios; Stirling, Allan (17 April 2017).

4192: 2614: 2094: 1825:, the majority of the participants did not suspect anything when their VR headsets were 1562:

Virtual reality's growing market presents an opportunity and an alternative channel for

198:

Widespread adoption of the term "virtual reality" in the popular media is attributed to

9344: 9167: 8812: 8711: 8587: 8544: 8453: 8395: 8380: 8370: 8162: 7961: 7535: 7496: 7449: 7255:"Internet Privacy Concerns: An Integrated Conceptualization and Four Empirical Studies" 7147: 7131: 7100: 6833: 6814: 6773: 6715: 6688: 6594: 6272: 6237: 6178: 5796:"Virtual reality for safety training: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis" 5754: 5693: 5652: 5640: 5621: 5566: 5518: 5485: 5386: 5343: 5324: 5059: 4994: 4914: 4866: 4849: 4807: 4782: 4758: 4731: 4707: 4648: 4481: 4454: 4429: 4384: 4345: 4292: 4219: 4176: 4150: 4092: 3973: 3758: 3027:"Valve showing off new virtual reality hardware and updated Steam controller next week" 2735: 1697: 1622: 1542:

demonstrating a VR parachute simulator at the Naval Survival Training Institute in 2006

1536: 1157: 1113: 896: 703: 180: 5639:

Bueckle, Andreas; Buehling, Kilian; Shih, Patrick C.; Börner, Katy (27 October 2021).

4328: 3424:"EASA approves the first Virtual Reality (VR) based Flight Simulation Training Device" 2161: 943:

had shipped in 2013 but before the shipping of their second development kits in 2014.

573:. The LEEP system provides the basis for most of the modern virtual reality headsets. 9229: 9033: 8949: 8832: 8762: 8741: 8703: 8511: 8478: 8458: 8157: 8069: 7943: 7791: 7779: 7607: 7488: 7441: 7369: 7359: 7274: 7235: 7186: 7182: 7151: 7104: 6976: 6947: 6818: 6765: 6720: 6598: 6586: 6318:"Electronic Music Pioneer Jean-Michel Jarre to Host Concert in 'VRChat' This Weekend" 6276: 6241: 6182: 6104: 6053: 6045: 5906: 5883: 5840: 5776: 5733: 5698: 5680: 5625: 5613: 5605: 5558: 5523: 5505: 5443: 5424: 5391: 5373: 5328: 5316: 5100: 5051: 4986: 4940: 4918: 4906: 4871: 4812: 4763: 4712: 4682: 4652: 4640: 4632: 4591: 4583: 4556: 4548: 4521: 4513: 4486: 4433: 4419: 4388: 4350: 4332: 4284: 4247: 4224: 4206: 4154: 4142: 4084: 4049: 3978: 3903: 3893: 3762: 3748: 2772: 2629:

Technical Report AL-TR-0089, USAF Armstrong Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB OH, 1992

2385: 2241: 2141: 2020: 1922: 1606: 1590: 1563: 1539: 1307: 1291: 1187: 963: 760: 734: 410: 379: 369: 365: 329: 302: 274: 247: 135: 127: 111: 48: 44: 7539: 7453: 7205: 6777: 6292:"HTC Vive partners with holoride; private 5G solution; location based entertainment" 5794:

Scorgie, D.; Feng, Z.; Paes, D.; Parisi, F.; Yiu, T.W.; Lovreglio, R. (March 2024).

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console was released in 1995. A group in Seattle created public demonstrations of a

545: 9687: 9572: 9417: 9307: 9264: 9188: 9003: 8937: 8665: 8549: 8516: 8311: 8240: 8129: 8115: 8110: 8059: 8046: 7971: 7924: 7599: 7566: 7527: 7480: 7433: 7400: 7349: 7270: 7266: 7225: 7217: 7178: 7143: 7096: 6937: 6804: 6755: 6747: 6710: 6700: 6614:"Here's what happens to your body when you've been in virtual reality for too long" 6578: 6344:"Can This Game-Changing Innovation Get Live Theatre Back Before the Pandemic Ends?" 6264: 6227: 6168: 6135: 6094: 6084: 6035: 5873: 5832: 5807: 5766: 5725: 5688: 5670: 5597: 5550: 5541:

Smith, Roger (1 February 2010). "The Long History of Gaming in Military Training".

5513: 5497: 5381: 5363: 5308: 5251: 5090: 5043: 4978: 4898: 4861: 4802: 4794: 4753: 4743: 4702: 4698: 4694: 4622: 4504:

Satava, R. M. (1996). "Medical virtual reality. The current status of the future".

4476: 4466: 4411: 4376: 4340: 4324: 4276: 4214: 4196: 4132: 4124: 4076: 4039: 3968: 3960: 3738: 3684:"Forget 360 Videos, Photogrammetric Virtual Reality Is Where It's At – Motherboard" 2694: 2098: 2081: 2012: 1887: 1867: 1460: 1400: 1323: 1179: 1065: 1019: 884: 730: 699: 497: 192: 184: 7500: 6582: 5878: 5484:

Bukhari, Hatim; Andreatta, Pamela; Goldiez, Brian; Rabelo, Luis (1 January 2017).

4902: 4410:. CHI '23. New York, NY, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 1–13. 4296: 3737:. CHI '20. Honolulu, HI, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 1–10. 3324: 3274:"Vive-like sensor spotted in new Sony patent could make its way to PlayStation VR" 1999:

Milgram, Paul; Takemura, Haruo; Utsumi, Akira; Kishino, Fumio (21 December 1995).

1255:, also known as 360-degree cameras or VR cameras, that have the ability to record 9579: 9567: 9499: 9469: 9452: 9422: 9371: 9136: 9093: 8630: 8602: 8496: 8448: 8433: 8418: 8273: 8268: 8215: 8105: 8079: 8031: 7976: 7354: 5729: 5675: 5472: 5368: 4403: 4201: 1751: 1677: 1649: 1518: 1388:

refresh rates as a result. However, higher refresh rates require a more powerful

1303: 1161: 1153: 1057: 1027: 858: 780: 756: 691: 658: 642: 531: 523: 480: 453: 357: 278: 52: 7854:

Interviews on the history and future of virtual reality by leaders in the field.

7437: 7254: 5836: 4312: 1049: 64:

An operator controlling The Virtual Interface Environment Workstation (VIEW) at

9594: 9464: 9332: 9203: 8842: 8746: 8645: 8491: 8463: 7484: 6809: 6792: 6040: 6023: 5812: 5771: 4627: 4610: 4380: 3191: 2118: 2058: 1862: 1834: 1818: 1810: 1777: 1727:

or don't have any interest, and don't have any plans to purchase a VR headset.

1597:, reportedly offering connectivity between platforms for a wide range of uses. 1319: 1264: 1130: 1107: 1031: 1007: 991: 936: 888: 768: 492: 361: 162: 131: 106:. As such, it is different from other digital visualization solutions, such as 7836: 7680:"Facebook is accidentally locking some users out of their new Oculus headsets" 7654:"Facebook is accidentally locking some users out of their new Oculus headsets" 7554: 7515: 7388: 6942: 6925: 6751: 5601: 5255: 4798: 4280: 4137: 4128: 4080: 2818: 2512: 2407:"MARSMAP: AN INTERACTIVE VIRTUAL REALITY MODEL OF THE PATHFINDER LANDING SITE" 2041: 9676: 9489: 9457: 9141: 9053: 8961: 8731: 8026: 7831:– Milgram and Kishino's (1994) Virtuality Continuum paraphrase with examples. 7706:"Facebook Halts Sale of Rift & Quest in Germany Amid Regulatory Concerns" 7611: 7492: 7445: 7373: 7278: 7239: 7190: 7155: 7068:"Teens are split on the metaverse, most barely use VR headsets, survey shows" 6980: 6951: 6590: 6140: 6123: 6108: 6049: 5887: 5780: 5684: 5609: 5562: 5554: 5509: 5501: 5377: 5104: 4990: 4982: 4944: 4636: 4587: 4552: 4517: 4336: 4210: 4088: 4053: 3964: 3907: 2024: 1917: 1907: 1740: 1716: 1712: 1645: 1614: 1240: 1165: 1089: 1011: 944: 920: 866:

was later adapted into the personal computer-based, 3D virtual world program

851: 646: 562: 464: 397: 391: 285: 91: 60: 7627:"The Facebookening of Oculus VR becomes more pronounced starting in October" 4415: 4408:

Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

4112: 3743: 3735:

Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems

2001:"Augmented reality: a class of displays on the reality-virtuality continuum" 1426:

Virtual reality is most commonly used in entertainment applications such as

9525: 9442: 9432: 9427: 9412: 9339: 9284: 9274: 9259: 9131: 9098: 9038: 8827: 8486: 7877: 6769: 6724: 6705: 6173: 6156: 6057: 5702: 5617: 5585: 5527: 5395: 5320: 5055: 4965:

Schouten, Alexander P.; van den Hooff, Bart; Feldberg, Frans (March 2016).

4910: 4875: 4816: 4767: 4748: 4716: 4644: 4595: 4560: 4525: 4490: 4354: 4288: 4228: 4146: 4044: 4027: 3982: 3948: 1912: 1902: 1755: 1630: 1172: 1142: 1138: 1093: 1064:

By 2016, there were at least 230 companies developing VR-related products.

968: 932: 829: 818: 752: 709: 604: 600: 581: 557: 527: 387: 203: 199: 7777: 7588:"Online Privacy Concerns and Privacy Management: A Meta-Analytical Review" 7221: 6874:"Vomit Reality: Why VR makes some of us feel sick and how to make it stop" 6232: 6073:"Aplicación del juego ubicuo con realidad aumentada en Educación Primaria" 5641:"3D virtual reality vs. 2D desktop registration user interface comparison" 5490:

INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing

4402:

Deighan, Mairi Therese; Ayobi, Amid; O'Kane, Aisling Ann (19 April 2023).

3997:"Comparison of VR headsets: Project Morpheus vs. Oculus Rift vs. HTC Vive" 3887: 603:, one of the modern pioneers of the field. Lanier had founded the company 230: 165:

described the illusory nature of characters and objects in the theatre as

9494: 9447: 9376: 9279: 9269: 9254: 9219: 8817: 8443: 8355: 7732:"Meta removes Facebook account mandate from Quest VR—but is that enough?" 7571: 7531: 7422:"Internet users' perceptions of 'privacy concerns' and 'privacy actions'" 7405: 6448:"Meta's Foo Fighters Super Bowl VR concert failed in the most basic ways" 1892: 1826: 1634: 1475: 1447: 1362: 1299: 1117:

Robinson R22 Virtual Reality Training Device developed by VRM Switzerland

1100: 1039: 940: 924: 912: 868: 843: 810: 792: 779:

and high-resolution goggles. That same year, Louis Rosenberg created the

630: 616: 592: 484: 445: 441: 429: 353: 179:, is the earliest published use of the term "virtual reality". The term " 8906: 7230: 6760: 6089: 6072: 5998:"How Technology is Expanding the Scope of Online Commerce Beyond Retail" 5716:

Kanade, Sameeran G.; Duffy, Vincent G. (2022). Duffy, Vincent G. (ed.).

5465: 4783:"Reduced Mimicry to Virtual Reality Avatars in Autism Spectrum Disorder" 4471: 1302:

are used. Controllers typically use optical tracking systems (primarily

1164:, and a wider field of view. While initially exclusive for use with the 425: 122:

or items. The effect is commonly created by VR headsets consisting of a

9479: 9349: 9322: 9018: 8837: 8767: 8360: 8100: 7956: 7603: 7346:

Privacy and Identity Management. Data for Better Living: AI and Privacy

6268: 6099: 5095: 5078: 5077:

Moro, Christian; Štromberga, Zane; Stirling, Allan (29 November 2017).

2294: 1872: 1822: 1720: 1567: 1463:

for treating anxiety disorders such as post traumatic stress disorder (

1427: 1355: 1224: 1078: 1053: 1035: 1023: 862: 825: 687: 620: 404: 255: 134:, but may also allow other types of sensory and force feedback through 99: 83: 7132:"Playing Violent Video and Computer Games and Adolescent Self-Concept" 6797:

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting

6565:

Araiza-Alba, Paola; Keane, Therese; Kaufman, Jordy (30 January 2022).

6024:"Augmented reality in surgery: The Computer-Aided Medicine revolution" 3502:"PS VR2 Tech Specs | PlayStation VR2 display, setup and compatibility" 3325:"Headset - Valve Index® - Upgrade your experience - Valve Corporation" 2016: 9562: 9474: 9437: 9013: 8993: 8342: 8303: 7841: 7587: 7032:"Children and Virtual Reality: Emerging Possibilities and Challenges" 5905:. Hershey, Pennsylvania: Information Science Reference. p. 203. 5312: 5209:"How NASA is Using Virtual and Augmented Reality to Train Astronauts" 5143: 5047: 4967:"Virtual Team Work: Group Decision Making in 3D Virtual Environments" 2437:"Pioneering VR Stories Part 1: Idaho National Laboratory In The '90s" 2264:. The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois. Archived from 2188:"Charles Wheatstone: the father of 3D and virtual reality technology" 2180: 1932: 1724: 1626: 1586: 1471: 1439: 1431: 1404:

In theory, VR represents a participant's field of view (yellow area).

1276: 1260: 1236: 1069: 776: 608: 469: 417:, enabling an advanced lifelike experience or even virtual eternity. 414: 383: 305:, limiting the user's ability to know what is happening around them. 239: 4026:

He, Jing; Wu, Yanping (10 October 2022). Tirunagari, Santosh (ed.).

3192:"The Untold Story of Magic Leap, the World's Most Secretive Startup" 3105:"Sony Announces 'Project Morpheus:' Virtual Reality Headset For PS4" 2642:

In Proc. of the IEEE Annual Int. Symposium on Virtual Reality (1993)

2103: 2076: 9609: 9317: 9312: 8403: 7893: 7072: 6926:"Editorial: Cybersickness in Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality" 5657: 4781:

Forbes, Paul A. G.; Pan, Xueni; Hamilton, Antonia F. de C. (2016).

1830: 1785: 1483:

is assessing the therapy to see if it should be recommended on the

995: 980: 976: 839: 803: 746: 653: 511: 155: 7586:

Baruh, Lemi; Secinti, Ekin; Cemalcilar, Zeynep (17 January 2017).

5903:

Metaplasticity in Virtual Worlds: Aesthetics and Semantic Concepts

5144:"Virtual reality used to train Soldiers in new training simulator" 4369:"Virtual reality could help people with psychosis and agoraphobia" 3799: 2065:

Trans. Mary Caroline Richards. (New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1958).

891:, France. The SAS library gave birth to Virtools VRPack. In 2007, 649:, kept their research and development on VR-related technologies. 619:, an early affordable VR device, released in 1989. That same year 9530: 9327: 7029: 6663:"We need to look more carefully into the long-term effects of VR" 6070: 5718:"Use of Virtual Reality for Safety Training: A Systematic Review" 3248:"HTC Vive: Everything you need to know about the SteamVR headset" 3079:"HTC Vive: Everything you need to know about the SteamVR headset" 2215:"Forgotten genius: the man who made a working VR machine in 1957" 1882: 1723:, 9% plan to buy one. 50% of surveyed teens are unsure about the 1594: 1395: 1280: 1073: 694:

and react to the movements of the user's head. In the same year,

683: 624: 599:

By the late 1980s, the term "virtual reality" was popularized by

576: 473: 308: 151: 7089:"Chapter 9 – Immersive Virtual Reality and the Developing Child" 4174: 2594:

Gonzales, D.; Criswell, D.; Heer, E (1991). Gonzales, D. (ed.).

607:

in 1984. VPL Research has developed several VR devices like the

9589: 9584: 9557: 9407: 9361: 9076: 6124:"Virtual Reality: The Next Big Thing for Libraries to Consider" 4573: 3109: 2790:"Google Street View in 3D: More Than Just an April Fool's Joke" 2656: 1617:

performed on November 18, 2021 in WaveXR. On December 2, 2021,

1610: 1183: 892: 661:

on a PC, and was widely used throughout industry and academia.

612: 514:

became the first artist to produce navigable virtual worlds at

6965:

Rodriguez, Sarah E. Needleman and Salvador (1 February 2022).

6370:"Justin Bieber to Stage Interactive Virtual Concert With Wave" 3402: 1382: 1022:, a do-it-yourself stereoscopic viewer: the user places their 394:

giving the user the ability to view three-dimensional images.

9619: 9402: 9381: 9366: 7294:"Seven Reasons Why Eye-tracking Will Fundamentally Change VR" 6967:"VR to the ER: Metaverse Early Adopters Prove Accident-Prone" 5753:

Stefan, Hans; Mortimer, Michael; Horan, Ben (December 2023).

5483: 4964: 4452: 3451:"Meta Quest Pro review: For those with more money than sense" 2272: 1814: 1687:(VAC) is one of the main causes of virtual reality sickness. 1351: 1339: 1015: 173:. The English translation of this book, published in 1958 as 6790: 5584:

Dennis, Ophelie Puissegur; Patterson, Rita M. (April 2020).

5029: 4611:"Letter to the Editor: Virtual Reality in Surgical Training" 4109: 3554:"Meta Quest 3 review: almost the one we've been waiting for" 3378:"Survey: Quest 2 Accounted for 80% of Headset Sales in 2021" 1998: 1970:"The Virtual Interface Environment Workstation (VIEW), 1990" 1703: 413:

is a hypothetical virtual reality as truly immersive as the

9509: 5341: 4730:

Darbois, Nelly; Guillaud, Albin; Pinsault, Nicolas (2018).

4683:"Virtual reality for rehabilitation in Parkinson's disease" 3709:"Stereoscopic Display - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics" 3185: 3183: 3181: 3179: 2154: 1521:

individuals in their response to a two-dimensional avatar.

1335: 1311:

landscape. Additional haptic feedback can be obtained from

1003: 799: 679: 515: 345: 65: 7757:"VR headsets can be hacked with an Inception-style attack" 5829:

2011 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)

5136: 4933:"VR Meetings Are Weird, but They Beat Our Current Reality" 3606:"Hands-on with Apple Vision Pro: This is not a VR headset" 3403:"VRM Switzerland – Professional Flight Training Solutions" 2262:"National Center for Supercomputing Applications: History" 1532: 432:, a stereoscopic visual simulator, was introduced in 1939. 7559:

Communications of the Association for Information Systems

7393:

Communications of the Association for Information Systems

5638: 5425:"Performance evaluation of bridges using virtual reality" 5402: 1947: 1776:

Due to its history of privacy issues, the involvement of

1409: 1343: 972: 349: 340:(HMD) more fully immerses the user in a virtual world. A 7419: 6737: 5294: 3732: 3176: 2811: 1026:

in the cardboard holder, which they wear on their head.

352:

monitors which provide separate images for each eye for

6564: 6395:"Stage And Screen: Virtual Creators Take The Next Step" 5826: 5119:"DSTS: First immersive virtual training system fielded" 4729: 3923:"From 60Hz to 240Hz: Refresh Rates on Phones Explained" 3053:"Valve's VR headset revealed with Oculus-like features" 2916: 1126:

around 20% of accidents occur during training flights.

928: 887:, David Nahon), Barco, and Clarté. It was installed in 854:, a PC-powered virtual reality headset that same year. 284:

Desktop-based virtual reality involves displaying a 3D

117:

Currently, standard virtual reality systems use either

94:

to give the user an immersive feel of a virtual world.

7585: 6567:"Are we ready for virtual reality in K–12 classrooms?" 5953:"Extending the Museum Experience with Virtual Reality" 5076: 4401: 4309: 2876:"Facebook to buy Oculus virtual reality firm for $ 2B" 1780:(formerly Facebook, Inc.) in the VR market has led to 1641:

performed on AmazeVR at AMC Theaters throughout 2022.

7320:"Eye tracking is the next phase for VR, ready or not" 6900:"A Possible Cure for Virtual Reality Motion Sickness" 6857:

Frischling, Bill (25 October 1995). "Sideline Play".

6526: 5966:

Shirer, Michael; Torchia, Marcus (27 February 2017).

5793: 3675: 3239: 2561: 407:

is sometimes defined as a networked virtual reality.

5724:. Cham: Springer International Publishing: 364–375. 5013:"Online High School In Japan Enters Virtual Reality" 4831:"How virtual reality is transforming autism studies" 2890: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2689:"Sega Teams Up With W. Industries For Its VR Game". 2593: 2279:

Nelson, Ted (March 1982). "Report on Siggraph '81".

2135: 1168:

console, a PC adapter is scheduled for August 2024.

7778:Choi, SangSu, Kiwook Jung, and Sang Do Noh (2015). 7253:Hong, Weiyin; Thong, James Y. L. (1 January 2013). 6154: 5752: 5233: 4668:

Medicine Meets Virtual Reality 21: NextMed / MMVR21

3657:"Resident Evil 7: The Use of Photogrammetry for VR" 3632:"10 things I wish I knew before shooting 360 video" 2676:"The Virtual Arena – Blast From The Past: The VR-1" 2042:"virtual | Search Online Etymology Dictionary" 1765:Existing data protection and privacy laws like the 1470:A VR therapy has been designed to help people with 1350:standard for web-based distribution of VR content. 254:One method of realizing virtual reality is through 7520:Journal of the Association for Information Systems 7130:Funk, Jeanne B.; Buchman, Debra D. (1 June 1996). 6731: 6028:International Journal of Surgery (London, England) 4066: 3778:"Wie Virtual-Reality-Brillen die Arbeit verändern" 1006:announced Project Morpheus (its code name for the 6832:Hicks, Jamison S.; Durbin, David B. (June 2011). 4780: 4609:Thomas, Daniel J.; Singh, Deepti (2 April 2021). 4538: 4242:Garrick, Jacqueline; Williams, Mary Beth (2014). 3817: 3265: 2899:"Facebook Buys VR Startup Oculus for $ 2 Billion" 2837: 212:, which features use of virtual reality systems. 32:"Virtuality" redirects here. For other uses, see 9674: 7343: 6856: 6784: 6197:"Meeting You VR Documentary on MBC Global Media" 5410:"How Virtual Reality Military Applications Work" 3580:"Apple Vision Pro review: magic, until it's not" 3019: 2457: 2129: 2119:"Definition of cyberspace | Dictionary.com" 2077:"Computer science: Visionary of virtual reality" 2036: 2034: 1239:and motion sensors for tracking head, body, and 1081:that images were still identifiable as virtual. 975:and Valve announced the virtual reality headset 7837:"The Rise and Fall and Rise of Virtual Reality" 7426:International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 7337: 7204:Goldfarb, Avi; Tucker, Catherine (1 May 2012). 7086: 5583: 4241: 3949:"Seven myths on crowding and peripheral vision" 3792: 2544:"Carolina Cruz-Neira | Introductions Necessary" 2382:Virtual Reality 1.0 -- The 90s: The Birth of VR 2236:Watkins, Christopher; Marenka, Stephen (1994). 2212: 534:in one of the three modes (summer, winter, and 312:An Omni treadmill being used at a VR convention 7814:"Step into a new world – Virtual Reality (VR)" 7203: 7003:"Man breaks neck playing virtual reality game" 6693:Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation 6161:Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture 5083:Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 4244:Trauma Treatment Techniques: Innovative Trends 2925:"ZeniMax Agrees to Settle Facebook VR Lawsuit" 2621: 2384:. CyberEdge Information Services. p. 40. 2235: 1396:Relationship between display and field of view 1368: 1318:Virtual reality cameras can be used to create 8922: 7933:Note: This template roughly follows the 2012 7909: 7859:"Virtual reality in human-system interaction" 6923: 6637:"Are Virtual Reality Headsets Safe for Eyes?" 6445: 6155:Bozorgi, Khosrow; Lischer-Katz, Zack (2020). 5965: 4787:Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 3623: 3528:"Sony's PSVR 2 PC adapter launches in August" 3045: 2306:Thomas, Wayne (December 2005). "Section 17". 2238:Virtual Reality Excursions with Programs in C 2136:Baltrušaitis, Jurgis; Strachan, W.J. (1977). 2031: 2005:Telemanipulator and Telepresence Technologies 1844: 721:'s Center for Advanced Energy Studies in 2010 364:for six degrees of movement. Options include 344:typically includes two small high resolution 7796:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7285: 4576:Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 4541:Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 4506:Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 1817:credentials and inject false details during 1789:data collection and policies (including the 1637:performed in Venues starting July 15, 2022. 741:created the first cubic immersive room, the 360:system, positional and rotational real-time 7311: 7171:Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology 7129: 6831: 5862:"STEAM approach in architectural education" 5715: 4608: 3946: 3477:"Meta Quest Pro review: get me out of here" 3352:"Oculus Quest 2 Review: Better, Cheaper VR" 3245: 1633:Super Bowl VR concert performed on Venues. 1383:Image latency and display refresh frequency 1149:controllers with on-board motion tracking. 530:in which users could wander the streets of 8929: 8915: 7916: 7902: 7729: 7624: 7168: 6680: 3271: 2673: 2487:"Sega VR: Great Idea or Wishful Thinking?" 2451: 2052: 1782:privacy concerns specific to its platforms 1655: 483:, with the help of his students including 8936: 7677: 7651: 7570: 7466: 7404: 7353: 7252: 7229: 7093:Cognitive Development in Digital Contexts 6964: 6941: 6808: 6759: 6714: 6704: 6231: 6172: 6139: 6098: 6088: 6039: 5877: 5811: 5770: 5692: 5674: 5656: 5517: 5385: 5367: 5094: 4865: 4806: 4757: 4747: 4706: 4626: 4480: 4470: 4344: 4218: 4200: 4136: 4103: 4043: 3972: 3742: 3649: 3474: 3349: 2102: 1704:Children and teenagers in virtual reality 637:. However, its hired employees, such as 356:graphics rendering a 3D virtual world, a 7834: 7025: 7023: 6924:Lawson, Ben D.; Stanney, Kay M. (2021). 6341: 6213: 3823: 3800:"VRML Virtual Reality Modeling Language" 3629: 2922: 2667: 2484: 2478: 2140:. New York: Harry N. Abrams. p. 4. 1566:. It is also seen as a new platform for 1531: 1399: 1346:from the VRML framework as an archival, 1214: 1112: 1048: 1014:video game console. The Chinese headset 985: 949: 906: 751: 708: 575: 544: 424: 315: 307: 229: 59: 7000: 6686: 6660: 6634: 6419: 5859: 4888: 4687:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4266: 3920: 3681: 3525: 3375: 2848: 2819:"E3 12: John Carmack's VR Presentation" 2807:. Vol. 22, no. 6. p. 78. 2660:. No. 1994–08. July 1994. p. 2379: 161:In 1938, French avant-garde playwright 14: 9675: 9300: 8626:Knowledge representation and reasoning 7703: 7291: 6687:Kiryu, T; So, RH (25 September 2007). 6534:"Oculus Rift Health and Safety Notice" 6471: 6315: 6121: 6021: 5459: 5457: 4503: 3885: 3630:Orellana, Vanessa Hand (31 May 2016). 3551: 3448: 2732:"Nintendo Virtual Boy on theverge.com" 2570:"Engineer envisions sci-fi as reality" 2434: 2338: 2305: 2278: 2074: 1967: 1648:performed on Oculus Venues. Pop group 9600:Software related to augmented reality 9147:Simultaneous localization and mapping 8910: 8651:Philosophy of artificial intelligence 7897: 7811: 7317: 7020: 6871: 6367: 6289: 6254: 5540: 5466:http://www.rto.nato.int/abstracts.asp 5416: 5181: 4680: 3940: 3577: 3189: 2999: 2973: 2825:from the original on 11 December 2021 2802: 2693:. No. 455. August 1993. p. 2567: 2523:from the original on 11 December 2021 1373: 1010:), a virtual reality headset for the 7977:Energy consumption (Green computing) 7923: 7467:Kokolakis, Spyros (1 January 2017). 7095:, Academic Press, pp. 181–200, 7001:Elgueta, Adriana (31 January 2022). 6214:Nikolaou, Niki (25 September 2020). 6128:Information Technology and Libraries 5900: 5435: 5422: 4847: 4736:Rehabilitation Research and Practice 4665: 4025: 3603: 3350:Robertson, Adi (16 September 2020). 3272:Martindale, Jon (15 February 2017). 3142: 2896: 2803:Rubin, Peter (2014). "Oculus Rift". 2295:https://doi.org/10.1162/PRES_a_00277 1660: 923:designed the first prototype of the 802:motion simulator ride attraction in 798:By July 1994, Sega had released the 491:. It was primitive both in terms of 215: 98:include entertainment (particularly 9199:Omnidirectional (360-degree) camera 8656:Distributed artificial intelligence 7935:ACM Computing Classification System 7633:from the original on 18 August 2020 7618: 6635:Mukamal, Reena (28 February 2017). 6022:Thomas, Daniel J. (December 2016). 5454: 5441: 3921:Leclair, Dave (21 September 2022). 3475:Robertson, Adi (11 November 2022). 3246:Prasuethsut, Lily (2 August 2016). 3217:"Vive Shipment Updates – VIVE Blog" 2923:Spangler, Todd (12 December 2018). 2748: 1813:' Quest VR system to obtain users' 806:indoor theme parks, as well as the 739:Electronic Visualization Laboratory 675:predicted "affordable VR by 1994". 652:In 1988, the Cyberspace Project at 24: 9173:Image-based modeling and rendering 8168:Integrated development environment 7771: 7704:Hayden, Scott (2 September 2020). 7678:Robertson, Adi (15 October 2020). 7652:Robertson, Adi (15 October 2020). 7552: 7386: 7148:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1996.tb01472.x 7101:10.1016/B978-0-12-809481-5.00009-2 6861:. p. 11 – via ProQuest. 6846:from the original on 27 July 2018. 6571:Technology, Pedagogy and Education 6446:Hamish Hector (14 February 2022). 5270:"Virtual Reality in Mine Training" 4246:. London: Routledge. p. 199. 4060: 3842:from the original on 21 March 2017 2485:Horowitz, Ken (28 December 2004). 2458:Engler, Craig E. (November 1992). 2404: 2240:. Academic Press Inc. p. 58. 2192:Feature from King's College London 1767:General Data Protection Regulation 1336:Virtual Reality Modelling Language 1099:Later in 2019, Valve released the 743:Cave automatic virtual environment 25: 9699: 8636:Automated planning and scheduling 8173:Software configuration management 7805: 6897: 6641:American Academy of Ophthalmology 6611: 6342:FIERBERG, RUTHIE (20 July 2020). 6290:Takle, Steve (28 February 2022). 2878:. Associated Press. 25 March 2014 2849:Gilbert, Ben (12 December 2018). 2603:NASA STI/Recon Technical Report N 2568:Smith, David (24 November 2014). 1821:sessions. In another study using 1508:Virtual reality has been used in 1359:application programming interface 1275:) and passive technologies (e.g. 1171:Later in 2023, Meta released the 8890: 8880: 8871: 8870: 7872: 7749: 7723: 7697: 7671: 7645: 7579: 7546: 7507: 7460: 7413: 7380: 7318:Stein, Scott (31 January 2020). 7246: 7197: 7162: 7123: 7080: 7060: 6994: 6958: 6917: 6891: 6872:Caddy, Becca (19 October 2016). 6865: 6850: 6825: 6661:Langley, Hugh (22 August 2017). 6654: 6628: 6605: 6558: 6517: 6491: 6465: 6439: 6420:Moseley, Martin (20 July 2022). 6413: 6387: 6361: 6335: 6309: 6283: 6248: 6207: 6189: 6148: 6115: 6064: 6015: 5990: 5959: 5945: 5919: 5894: 5853: 5820: 5787: 5746: 5709: 5632: 5577: 5534: 5477: 5335: 5288: 5262: 5236:Aerospace Science and Technology 5227: 5201: 5175: 5150: 5111: 5070: 5023: 5005: 4958: 4925: 4882: 4841: 4823: 4774: 4723: 4674: 4615:International Journal of Surgery 3892:. Burlington: Elsevier Science. 3775: 3578:Patel, Nilay (30 January 2024). 3552:Pierce, David (9 October 2023). 3449:Orland, Kyle (28 October 2022). 3159:"Gloveone: Feel Virtual Reality" 3000:James, Paul (18 November 2013). 2541: 2359:"Cyberspace – The New Explorers" 2213:Holly Brockwell (3 April 2016). 1943:List of virtual reality headsets 1457:virtual reality exposure therapy 1223:into virtual reality are a high 1211:List of virtual reality headsets 496:virtual environment were simple 38:Virtual reality (disambiguation) 8881: 8284:Computational complexity theory 7730:Machkovech, Sam (9 July 2022). 7292:Rogers, Sol (5 February 2019). 6839:. US Army Research Laboratory. 6472:Havens, Lyndsey (6 July 2022). 4835:Spectrum | Autism Research News 4659: 4602: 4567: 4532: 4497: 4459:Clinical Interventions in Aging 4446: 4440: 4395: 4361: 4303: 4260: 4235: 4168: 4019: 3989: 3914: 3879: 3854: 3769: 3726: 3701: 3682:Johnson, Leif (13 March 2016). 3597: 3571: 3545: 3526:Webster, Andrew (3 June 2024). 3519: 3494: 3468: 3442: 3416: 3395: 3369: 3343: 3317: 3291: 3209: 3151: 3136: 3124:"Pioneers Pushing Boundaries". 3117: 3097: 3071: 2993: 2974:James, Paul (30 January 2014). 2967: 2942: 2868: 2796: 2782: 2761: 2742: 2724: 2700: 2682: 2647: 2634: 2587: 2535: 2505: 2439:. Idaho Virtual Reality Council 2435:Cullen, Chris (13 April 2017). 2428: 2398: 2373: 2351: 2332: 2314: 2299: 2287: 2254: 2229: 2206: 1771:California Consumer Privacy Act 1685:Vergence-accommodation conflict 1415: 1219:Paramount for the sensation of 902: 875: 817:incarnation was powered by the 459: 292:without use of any specialized 96:Applications of virtual reality 8075:Network performance evaluation 6368:Aswad, Jem (9 November 2021). 6316:Hayden, Scott (18 June 2020). 5972:International Data Corporation 4699:10.1002/14651858.CD010760.pub2 3824:Brutzman, Don (October 2016). 3376:Ochanji, Sam (27 March 2022). 3223:. 7 April 2016. Archived from 2111: 2068: 1992: 1968:Rosson, Lois (15 April 2014). 1961: 1801:In 2024, researchers from the 1796: 1092:and a standalone headset, the 915:Crescent Bay prototype headset 13: 1: 9615:Vuforia Augmented Reality SDK 8439:Multimedia information system 8424:Geographic information system 8414:Enterprise information system 8010:Computer systems organization 6583:10.1080/1475939X.2022.2033307 5301:Anatomical Sciences Education 5182:James, Paul (19 April 2016). 5036:Anatomical Sciences Education 4903:10.1080/17518423.2019.1683907 4329:10.1016/s2215-0366(22)00060-8 2821:. Gamereactor. 27 July 2012. 2771:, pg. 19. New York: Collins. 2749:Dye, Lee (22 February 1995). 2369:– via Internet Archive. 1954: 1492:cognitive behavioural therapy 1193: 1186:and is instead branded as a “ 1106:In 2020, Oculus released the 1088:In 2019, Oculus released the 585: 522:(JPL) from 1977 to 1984. The 27:Computer-simulated experience 9651:List of PlayStation VR games 9044:Virtual reality applications 8798:Computational social science 8386:Theoretical computer science 8206:Software development process 7982:Electronic design automation 7967:Very Large Scale Integration 7355:10.1007/978-3-030-42504-3_15 7206:"Shifts in Privacy Concerns" 7183:10.1016/0193-3973(94)90009-4 6930:Frontiers in Virtual Reality 5860:Makaklı, Elif Süyük (2019). 5730:10.1007/978-3-031-06018-2_25 5676:10.1371/journal.pone.0258103 5369:10.1371/journal.pone.0276267 4202:10.1371/journal.pone.0048469 3604:Axon, Samuel (6 June 2023). 2897:Metz, Cade (25 March 2014). 2326:www.historyofinformation.com 1652:performed on June 15, 2022. 1422:Virtual reality applications 1178:In 2024, Apple released the 664: 615:, which used it to make the 503: 226:Reality–virtuality continuum 141: 104:reality-virtuality continuum 7: 8621:Natural language processing 8409:Information storage systems 7438:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.12.001 6740:Experimental Brain Research 6257:Psychology of Popular Media 5879:10.1051/shsconf/20196601012 5837:10.1109/EDUCON.2011.5773223 4848:Chau, Brian (August 2017). 3190:Kelly, Kevin (April 2016). 2339:Barlow, John Perry (1990). 1855: 1600: 1369:Visual immersion experience 1329: 1257:360 interactive photography 1204: 1152:In 2023, Sony released the 1129:In 2022, Meta released the 1068:, Apple, Facebook, Google, 479:In 1968, Harvard Professor 322:Missouri National Guardsman 242:, Germany, equipped with a 222:Immersion (virtual reality) 169:in a collection of essays, 34:Virtuality (disambiguation) 10: 9704: 9009:Projection augmented model 8537:Human–computer interaction 8507:Intrusion detection system 8419:Social information systems 8404:Database management system 7485:10.1016/j.cose.2015.07.002 7271:10.25300/misq/2013/37.1.12 6810:10.1177/154193120605002607 6041:10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.10.003 5813:10.1016/j.ssci.2023.106372 5772:10.1007/s10055-023-00843-7 5423:Omer; et al. (2018). 4628:10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.105935 4381:10.3310/nihrevidence_59108 4269:Current Psychiatry Reports 4117:Clinical Psychology Review 4032:Mobile Information Systems 3947:Strasburger, Hans (2020). 2654:"News & Information". 2063:The Theatre and its Double 1928:Virtual reality in nursing 1851:Virtual reality in fiction 1848: 1845:Virtual reality in fiction 1769:(GDPR) in the EU, and the 1746: 1715:revealed that only 26% of 1711:A 2022 research report by 1419: 1324:360-degree panorama videos 1313:omnidirectional treadmills 1208: 1197: 954:HTC Vive headsets worn at 420: 219: 176:The Theater and its Double 42: 31: 9646:List of Oculus Rift games 9628: 9550: 9543: 9518: 9395: 9293: 9242: 9225:Omnidirectional treadmill 9212: 9194:Free viewpoint television 9181: 9163:Asynchronous reprojection 9155: 9124: 9069: 9062: 8999:On-set virtual production 8984:Computer-mediated reality 8979:Cinematic virtual reality 8971: 8945: 8866: 8803:Computational engineering 8778:Computational mathematics 8755: 8702: 8664: 8611: 8573: 8535: 8477: 8394: 8340: 8302: 8254: 8191: 8124: 8088: 8045: 8009: 7942: 7931: 7871: 7866: 6943:10.3389/frvir.2021.759682 6752:10.1007/s00221-016-4846-7 5602:10.1016/j.jht.2020.02.003 5586:"Medical virtual reality" 5442:Seu; et al. (2018). 5256:10.1016/j.ast.2013.07.005 4799:10.1007/s10803-016-2930-2 4670:. IOS Press. p. 462. 4281:10.1007/s11920-010-0128-4 4129:10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102213 4081:10.1080/15534510802643750 3889:The Physiology of The Eye 3866:Mozilla Developer Network 2769:The Making of Second Life 2489:. Sega-16. Archived from 2162:"Virtual Reality Society" 1878:Computer-mediated reality 1791:Facebook real-name policy 931:video game trade show by 520:Jet Propulsion Laboratory 374:omnidirectional treadmill 324:looks into a VR training 9641:List of Meta Quest games 9049:Virtual reality sickness 8813:Computational healthcare 8808:Differentiable computing 8727:Graphics processing unit 8153:Domain-specific language 8022:Computational complexity 7835:Drummond, Katie (2014). 7592:Journal of Communication 7473:Computers & Security 7210:American Economic Review 7136:Journal of Communication 6141:10.6017/ital.v38i4.11847 6122:Kirsch, Breanne (2019). 5555:10.1177/1046878109334330 5502:10.1177/0046958016687176 4983:10.1177/0093650213509667 3965:10.1177/2041669520913052 2720:– via archive.org. 1674:Virtual reality sickness 1585:Growing interest in the 1519:autism spectrum disorder 1390:graphics processing unit 1298:sensors. In some cases, 791:using a full upper-body 635:video game crash of 1983 171:Le Théâtre et son double 119:virtual reality headsets 86:experience that employs 43:Not to be confused with 9116:Virtual retinal display 9104:Virtual reality headset 8788:Computational chemistry 8722:Photograph manipulation 8613:Artificial intelligence 8429:Decision support system 6972:The Wall Street Journal 5901:Mura, Gianluca (2011). 5590:Journal of Hand Therapy 5543:Simulation & Gaming 4416:10.1145/3544548.3581103 3744:10.1145/3313831.3376470 2548:Introductions Necessary 2460:"Affordable VR by 1994" 2166:Virtual Reality Society 1805:were able to exploit a 1693:The Wall Street Journal 1656:Concerns and challenges 1510:physical rehabilitation 1253:omnidirectional cameras 342:virtual reality headset 296:equipment. Many modern 9636:List of HTC Vive games 9029:Six degrees of freedom 8853:Educational technology 8684:Reinforcement learning 8434:Process control system 8332:Computational geometry 8322:Algorithmic efficiency 8317:Analysis of algorithms 7972:Systems on Chip (SoCs) 7812:Isaac, Joseph (2016). 7784:Concurrent Engineering 6706:10.1186/1743-0003-4-34 6174:10.1515/pdtc-2020-0017 5866:SHS Web of Conferences 4971:Communication Research 3132:: 46–55. January 2017. 2341:"Being in Nothingness" 1543: 1405: 1232: 1118: 1061: 1056:-based budget headset 999: 990:The Project Morpheus ( 959: 916: 911:An inside view of the 857:In 1999, entrepreneur 764: 722: 596: 553: 450:Sir Charles Wheatstone 433: 333: 313: 294:VR positional tracking 251: 167:"la réalité virtuelle" 154:but made to appear by 72: 9485:The Sword of Damocles 9387:Windows Mixed Reality 9024:Simulation hypothesis 8823:Electronic publishing 8793:Computational biology 8783:Computational physics 8679:Unsupervised learning 8593:Distributed computing 8469:Information retrieval 8376:Mathematical analysis 8366:Mathematical software 8256:Theory of computation 8221:Software construction 8211:Requirements analysis 8089:Software organization 8017:Computer architecture 7987:Hardware acceleration 7952:Printed circuit board 7761:MIT Technology Review 7222:10.1257/aer.102.3.349 6233:10.12681/bioeth.24851 4317:The Lancet Psychiatry 3886:Davson, Hugh (1972). 3826:"X3D Graphics and VR" 3713:www.sciencedirect.com 3382:Virtual Reality Times 3329:www.valvesoftware.com 2464:Computer Gaming World 2380:Delaney, Ben (2017). 2075:Faisal, Aldo (2017). 1898:Holographic principle 1803:University of Chicago 1644:On October 24, 2021, 1619:non-player characters 1535: 1444:social virtual worlds 1403: 1218: 1116: 1052: 989: 956:Mobile World Congress 953: 910: 834:interactive panoramas 808:Dennou Senki Net Merc 755: 712: 672:Computer Gaming World 579: 548: 489:The Sword of Damocles 444:European art and the 428: 319: 311: 236:European Space Agency 234:Researchers with the 233: 220:Further information: 63: 9605:Virtual reality game 9250:Cyberith Virtualizer 9082:Head-mounted display 8583:Concurrent computing 8555:Ubiquitous computing 8527:Application security 8522:Information security 8351:Discrete mathematics 8327:Randomized algorithm 8279:Computability theory 8264:Model of computation 8236:Software maintenance 8231:Software engineering 8193:Software development 8143:Programming language 8138:Programming paradigm 8055:Network architecture 7572:10.17705/1CAIS.02828 7532:10.17705/1jais.00281 7406:10.17705/1CAIS.02828 5831:. pp. 751–757. 5496:: 0046958016687176. 4749:10.1155/2018/6412318 4045:10.1155/2022/8462037 3835:. Web3D Consortium. 1938:Gustatory technology 1549:in primary education 1436:amusement park rides 1200:Immersive technology 567:Ames Research Center 552:'s 1985 VIEW headset 338:head-mounted display 326:head-mounted display 206:, and the 1992 film 124:head-mounted display 108:augmented virtuality 88:3D near-eye displays 8858:Document management 8848:Operations research 8773:Enterprise software 8689:Multi-task learning 8674:Supervised learning 8396:Information systems 8226:Software deployment 8183:Software repository 8037:Real-time computing 7883:Computer Chronicles 7829:Mixed Reality Scale 7786:. 1063293X14568814. 6859:The Washington Post 6090:10.3916/C61-2019-06 6002:www.walkersands.com 5667:2021PLoSO..1658103B 5360:2022PLoSO..1776267S 5276:. 21 September 2012 5248:2013AeST...30...79D 4681:Dockx, Kim (2016). 4472:10.2147/CIA.S183502 4193:2012PLoSO...748469G 2615:1991STIN...9225258G 2095:2017Natur.551..298F 1639:Megan Thee Stallion 1515:Parkinson's disease 1499:Alzheimer's disease 1354:is an experimental 1060:in dismantled state 822:arcade system board 727:Carolina Cruz-Neira 591:. Displayed at the 436:The development of 152:physically existing 9345:Microsoft HoloLens 9168:Foveated rendering 8641:Search methodology 8588:Parallel computing 8545:Interaction design 8454:Computing platform 8381:Numerical analysis 8371:Information theory 8163:Software framework 8126:Software notations 8065:Network components 7962:Integrated circuit 7604:10.1111/jcom.12276 6616:. Business Insider 6426:Urbanista Magazine 6296:The Virtual Report 6269:10.1037/ppm0000315 6203:. 2 February 2022. 5471:2007-06-13 at the 5096:10.14742/ajet.3840 4837:. 24 October 2018. 4138:20.500.11811/10810 3780:. WirtschaftsWoche 3033:. 24 February 2015 2767:Au, Wagner James. 2493:on 14 January 2010 2281:Creative Computing 2268:on 21 August 2015. 2123:www.dictionary.com 2046:www.etymonline.com 1980:on 1 November 2016 1698:cervical vertebrae 1623:Mugar Omni Theater 1544: 1459:(VRET), a form of 1406: 1374:Display resolution 1292:motion controllers 1277:polarizing filters 1233: 1158:foveated rendering 1119: 1062: 1000: 994:) headset worn at 960: 917: 765: 723: 704:Embarcadero Center 597: 554: 538:), was created at 434: 386:into a headset or 334: 314: 252: 248:motion controllers 191:, a 1982 novel by 181:artificial reality 73: 9670: 9669: 9666: 9665: 9539: 9538: 9313:Golden-i headsets 9238: 9237: 9230:Wearable computer 9034:Spatial computing 8950:Augmented reality 8904: 8903: 8833:Electronic voting 8763:Quantum Computing 8756:Applied computing 8742:Image compression 8512:Hardware security 8502:Security services 8459:Digital marketing 8246:Open-source model 8158:Modeling language 8070:Network scheduler 7890: 7889: 7553:Li, Yuan (2011). 7387:Li, Yuan (2011). 7365:978-3-030-42503-6 7110:978-0-12-809481-5 6803:(26): 2702–2706. 5933:on 3 October 2017 5912:978-1-60960-077-8 5846:978-1-61284-642-2 5739:978-3-031-06018-2 5412:. 27 August 2007. 4793:(12): 3788–3797. 4425:978-1-4503-9421-5 4007:on 20 August 2015 3899:978-0-323-14394-3 3754:978-1-4503-6708-0 2777:978-0-06-135320-8 2755:Los Angeles Times 2194:. 28 October 2016 2089:(7680): 298–299. 2017:10.1117/12.197321 2011:. SPIE: 282–292. 1923:Virtual machining 1661:Health and safety 1621:performed at the 1607:Jean Michel Jarre 1605:In June of 2020, 1564:digital marketing 1540:Hospital Corpsman 735:Thomas A. DeFanti 595:showroom in Tokyo 474:mechanical device 411:Simulated reality 380:Augmented reality 330:Fort Leonard Wood 303:peripheral vision 275:computer graphics 216:Forms and methods 189:The Judas Mandala 136:haptic technology 112:augmented reality 49:Augmented reality 45:Simulated reality 16:(Redirected from 9695: 9573:virtual graffiti 9548: 9547: 9418:Google Cardboard 9308:Apple Vision Pro 9298: 9297: 9265:PlayStation Move 9189:360-degree video 9067: 9066: 9004:Persistent world 8938:Extended reality 8931: 8924: 8917: 8908: 8907: 8894: 8893: 8884: 8883: 8874: 8873: 8694:Cross-validation 8666:Machine learning 8550:Social computing 8517:Network security 8312:Algorithm design 8241:Programming team 8201:Control variable 8178:Software library 8116:Software quality 8111:Operating system 8060:Network protocol 7925:Computer science 7918: 7911: 7904: 7895: 7894: 7876: 7875: 7864: 7863: 7862: 7853: 7851: 7849: 7824: 7822: 7820: 7801: 7795: 7787: 7765: 7764: 7753: 7747: 7746: 7744: 7742: 7727: 7721: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7701: 7695: 7694: 7692: 7690: 7675: 7669: 7668: 7666: 7664: 7649: 7643: 7642: 7640: 7638: 7629:. Ars Technica. 7625:Sam Machkovech. 7622: 7616: 7615: 7583: 7577: 7576: 7574: 7550: 7544: 7543: 7511: 7505: 7504: 7464: 7458: 7457: 7417: 7411: 7410: 7408: 7384: 7378: 7377: 7357: 7341: 7335: 7334: 7332: 7330: 7315: 7309: 7308: 7306: 7304: 7289: 7283: 7282: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7233: 7201: 7195: 7194: 7166: 7160: 7159: 7127: 7121: 7120: 7119: 7117: 7084: 7078: 7077: 7076:. 14 April 2022. 7064: 7058: 7057: 7055: 7053: 7047: 7041:. Archived from 7036: 7027: 7018: 7017: 7015: 7013: 6998: 6992: 6991: 6989: 6987: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6945: 6921: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6895: 6889: 6888: 6886: 6884: 6869: 6863: 6862: 6854: 6848: 6847: 6845: 6838: 6829: 6823: 6822: 6812: 6788: 6782: 6781: 6763: 6735: 6729: 6728: 6718: 6708: 6684: 6678: 6677: 6675: 6673: 6658: 6652: 6651: 6649: 6647: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6609: 6603: 6602: 6562: 6556: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6545: 6539:. Archived from 6538: 6530: 6524: 6521: 6515: 6514: 6512: 6510: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6469: 6463: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6443: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6417: 6411: 6410: 6408: 6406: 6401:. 1 October 2022 6391: 6385: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6365: 6359: 6358: 6356: 6354: 6339: 6333: 6332: 6330: 6328: 6313: 6307: 6306: 6304: 6302: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6252: 6246: 6245: 6235: 6211: 6205: 6204: 6201:MBC Global Media 6193: 6187: 6186: 6176: 6152: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6119: 6113: 6112: 6102: 6092: 6068: 6062: 6061: 6043: 6019: 6013: 6012: 6010: 6008: 5994: 5988: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5978:on 19 March 2018 5974:. Archived from 5963: 5957: 5956: 5955:. 18 March 2016. 5949: 5943: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5929:. Archived from 5923: 5917: 5916: 5898: 5892: 5891: 5881: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5824: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5791: 5785: 5784: 5774: 5765:(4): 2839–2869. 5750: 5744: 5743: 5713: 5707: 5706: 5696: 5678: 5660: 5651:(10): e0258103. 5636: 5630: 5629: 5581: 5575: 5574: 5538: 5532: 5531: 5521: 5481: 5475: 5461: 5452: 5451: 5439: 5433: 5432: 5420: 5414: 5413: 5406: 5400: 5399: 5389: 5371: 5354:(10): e0276267. 5339: 5333: 5332: 5313:10.1002/ase.2049 5292: 5286: 5285: 5283: 5281: 5266: 5260: 5259: 5231: 5225: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5205: 5199: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5179: 5173: 5172: 5170: 5168: 5154: 5148: 5147: 5140: 5134: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5115: 5109: 5108: 5098: 5074: 5068: 5067: 5048:10.1002/ase.1696 5027: 5021: 5020: 5009: 5003: 5002: 4962: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4929: 4923: 4922: 4891:Pediatric Health 4886: 4880: 4879: 4869: 4845: 4839: 4838: 4827: 4821: 4820: 4810: 4778: 4772: 4771: 4761: 4751: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4710: 4693:(12): CD010760. 4678: 4672: 4671: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4630: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4571: 4565: 4564: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4501: 4495: 4494: 4484: 4474: 4450: 4444: 4438: 4437: 4399: 4393: 4392: 4375:. 20 July 2023. 4365: 4359: 4358: 4348: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4264: 4258: 4257: 4239: 4233: 4232: 4222: 4204: 4172: 4166: 4165: 4163: 4161: 4140: 4107: 4101: 4100: 4069:Social Influence 4064: 4058: 4057: 4047: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 4003:. Archived from 3993: 3987: 3986: 3976: 3944: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3918: 3912: 3911: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3874: 3872: 3858: 3852: 3851: 3849: 3847: 3841: 3830: 3821: 3815: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3796: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3746: 3730: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3668: 3663:. 28 August 2016 3653: 3647: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3627: 3621: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3601: 3595: 3594: 3592: 3590: 3575: 3569: 3568: 3566: 3564: 3549: 3543: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3523: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3498: 3492: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3446: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3435: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3411: 3409: 3399: 3393: 3392: 3390: 3388: 3373: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3347: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3321: 3315: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3305:. 22 August 2019 3295: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3269: 3263: 3262: 3260: 3258: 3243: 3237: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3213: 3207: 3206: 3204: 3202: 3187: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3155: 3149: 3148: 3140: 3134: 3133: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3101: 3095: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3075: 3069: 3068: 3066: 3064: 3049: 3043: 3042: 3040: 3038: 3023: 3017: 3016: 3014: 3012: 2997: 2991: 2990: 2988: 2986: 2971: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2920: 2914: 2913: 2911: 2909: 2894: 2888: 2887: 2885: 2883: 2872: 2866: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2855:Business Insider 2846: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2830: 2815: 2809: 2808: 2800: 2794: 2793: 2786: 2780: 2765: 2759: 2758: 2746: 2740: 2739: 2738:on 1 April 2014. 2734:. Archived from 2728: 2722: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2704: 2698: 2697: 2686: 2680: 2679: 2674:Kevin Williams. 2671: 2665: 2664: 2657:Beep! Mega Drive 2651: 2645: 2638: 2632: 2625: 2619: 2618: 2600: 2591: 2585: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2565: 2559: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2530: 2528: 2509: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2498: 2482: 2476: 2475: 2473: 2471: 2455: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2432: 2426: 2425: 2423: 2421: 2411: 2402: 2396: 2395: 2377: 2371: 2370: 2368: 2366: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2336: 2330: 2329: 2318: 2312: 2311: 2303: 2297: 2291: 2285: 2284: 2276: 2270: 2269: 2258: 2252: 2251: 2233: 2227: 2226: 2224: 2222: 2210: 2204: 2203: 2201: 2199: 2184: 2178: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2168:. 2 January 2020 2158: 2152: 2151: 2133: 2127: 2126: 2115: 2109: 2108: 2106: 2072: 2066: 2056: 2050: 2049: 2038: 2029: 2028: 1996: 1990: 1989: 1987: 1985: 1976:. Archived from 1965: 1888:Extended reality 1868:360-degree video 1690:In January 2022 1461:exposure therapy 1304:infrared cameras 1296:optical tracking 1188:spatial computer 1180:Apple Vision Pro 885:Maurice Benayoun 781:virtual fixtures 757:Virtual Fixtures 731:Daniel J. Sandin 725:That same year, 686:headset for the 590: 587: 498:wire-frame model 193:Damien Broderick 21: 9703: 9702: 9698: 9697: 9696: 9694: 9693: 9692: 9683:Virtual reality 9673: 9672: 9671: 9662: 9624: 9580:Meta Horizon OS 9568:Interactive art 9535: 9514: 9500:Virtual fixture 9470:Samsung Gear VR 9423:Google Daydream 9391: 9372:PlayStation VR2 9289: 9234: 9208: 9177: 9151: 9137:Finger tracking 9120: 9094:Head-up display 9058: 8967: 8956:Virtual reality 8941: 8935: 8905: 8900: 8891: 8862: 8843:Word processing 8751: 8737:Virtual reality 8698: 8660: 8631:Computer vision 8607: 8603:Multiprocessing 8569: 8531: 8497:Security hacker 8473: 8449:Digital library 8390: 8341:Mathematics of 8336: 8298: 8274:Automata theory 8269:Formal language 8250: 8216:Software design 8187: 8120: 8106:Virtual machine 8084: 8080:Network service 8041: 8032:Embedded system 8005: 7938: 7927: 7922: 7878:Virtual Reality 7873: 7867:External videos 7857: 7847: 7845: 7818: 7816: 7808: 7789: 7788: 7774: 7772:Further reading 7769: 7768: 7755: 7754: 7750: 7740: 7738: 7728: 7724: 7714: 7712: 7702: 7698: 7688: 7686: 7676: 7672: 7662: 7660: 7650: 7646: 7636: 7634: 7623: 7619: 7584: 7580: 7551: 7547: 7526:(12): 798–824. 7512: 7508: 7465: 7461: 7418: 7414: 7385: 7381: 7366: 7342: 7338: 7328: 7326: 7316: 7312: 7302: 7300: 7290: 7286: 7251: 7247: 7202: 7198: 7167: 7163: 7128: 7124: 7115: 7113: 7111: 7085: 7081: 7066: 7065: 7061: 7051: 7049: 7045: 7034: 7028: 7021: 7011: 7009: 6999: 6995: 6985: 6983: 6963: 6959: 6922: 6918: 6908: 6906: 6896: 6892: 6882: 6880: 6870: 6866: 6855: 6851: 6843: 6836: 6830: 6826: 6789: 6785: 6736: 6732: 6685: 6681: 6671: 6669: 6659: 6655: 6645: 6643: 6633: 6629: 6619: 6617: 6612:Fagan, Kaylee. 6610: 6606: 6563: 6559: 6549: 6547: 6543: 6536: 6532: 6531: 6527: 6522: 6518: 6508: 6506: 6497: 6496: 6492: 6482: 6480: 6470: 6466: 6456: 6454: 6444: 6440: 6430: 6428: 6418: 6414: 6404: 6402: 6399:The Metaculture 6393: 6392: 6388: 6378: 6376: 6366: 6362: 6352: 6350: 6340: 6336: 6326: 6324: 6314: 6310: 6300: 6298: 6288: 6284: 6253: 6249: 6212: 6208: 6195: 6194: 6190: 6153: 6149: 6120: 6116: 6069: 6065: 6020: 6016: 6006: 6004: 5996: 5995: 5991: 5981: 5979: 5964: 5960: 5951: 5950: 5946: 5936: 5934: 5925: 5924: 5920: 5913: 5899: 5895: 5858: 5854: 5847: 5825: 5821: 5792: 5788: 5759:Virtual Reality 5751: 5747: 5740: 5714: 5710: 5637: 5633: 5582: 5578: 5539: 5535: 5482: 5478: 5473:Wayback Machine 5462: 5455: 5440: 5436: 5421: 5417: 5408: 5407: 5403: 5340: 5336: 5293: 5289: 5279: 5277: 5268: 5267: 5263: 5232: 5228: 5218: 5216: 5215:. 11 April 2016 5207: 5206: 5202: 5192: 5190: 5180: 5176: 5166: 5164: 5156: 5155: 5151: 5142: 5141: 5137: 5127: 5125: 5117: 5116: 5112: 5075: 5071: 5028: 5024: 5019:. 7 April 2016. 5011: 5010: 5006: 4963: 4959: 4949: 4947: 4931: 4930: 4926: 4887: 4883: 4846: 4842: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4779: 4775: 4728: 4724: 4679: 4675: 4666:Westwood, J.D. 4664: 4660: 4607: 4603: 4572: 4568: 4537: 4533: 4502: 4498: 4451: 4447: 4441: 4426: 4400: 4396: 4367: 4366: 4362: 4308: 4304: 4265: 4261: 4254: 4240: 4236: 4173: 4169: 4159: 4157: 4108: 4104: 4065: 4061: 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3945: 3941: 3931: 3929: 3919: 3915: 3900: 3884: 3880: 3870: 3868: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3845: 3843: 3839: 3828: 3822: 3818: 3808: 3806: 3798: 3797: 3793: 3783: 3781: 3774: 3770: 3755: 3731: 3727: 3717: 3715: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3692: 3690: 3680: 3676: 3666: 3664: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3640: 3638: 3628: 3624: 3614: 3612: 3602: 3598: 3588: 3586: 3576: 3572: 3562: 3560: 3550: 3546: 3536: 3534: 3524: 3520: 3510: 3508: 3500: 3499: 3495: 3485: 3483: 3473: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3447: 3443: 3433: 3431: 3430:. 26 April 2021 3422: 3421: 3417: 3407: 3405: 3401: 3400: 3396: 3386: 3384: 3374: 3370: 3360: 3358: 3348: 3344: 3334: 3332: 3323: 3322: 3318: 3308: 3306: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3282: 3280: 3270: 3266: 3256: 3254: 3244: 3240: 3230: 3228: 3227:on 30 June 2016 3215: 3214: 3210: 3200: 3198: 3188: 3177: 3167: 3165: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3141: 3137: 3126:China Pictorial 3123: 3122: 3118: 3103: 3102: 3098: 3088: 3086: 3077: 3076: 3072: 3062: 3060: 3051: 3050: 3046: 3036: 3034: 3025: 3024: 3020: 3010: 3008: 2998: 2994: 2984: 2982: 2972: 2968: 2958: 2956: 2954:The Tech Report 2948: 2947: 2943: 2933: 2931: 2921: 2917: 2907: 2905: 2895: 2891: 2881: 2879: 2874: 2873: 2869: 2859: 2857: 2847: 2838: 2828: 2826: 2817: 2816: 2812: 2801: 2797: 2792:. 6 April 2010. 2788: 2787: 2783: 2766: 2762: 2747: 2743: 2730: 2729: 2725: 2715: 2713: 2709:NEXT Generation 2706: 2705: 2701: 2688: 2687: 2683: 2672: 2668: 2653: 2652: 2648: 2639: 2635: 2626: 2622: 2598: 2592: 2588: 2578: 2576: 2574:Arkansas Online 2566: 2562: 2552: 2550: 2540: 2536: 2526: 2524: 2511: 2510: 2506: 2496: 2494: 2483: 2479: 2469: 2467: 2456: 2452: 2442: 2440: 2433: 2429: 2419: 2417: 2409: 2405:Stoker, Carol. 2403: 2399: 2392: 2378: 2374: 2364: 2362: 2357: 2356: 2352: 2337: 2333: 2320: 2319: 2315: 2304: 2300: 2292: 2288: 2277: 2273: 2260: 2259: 2255: 2248: 2234: 2230: 2220: 2218: 2211: 2207: 2197: 2195: 2186: 2185: 2181: 2171: 2169: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2148: 2134: 2130: 2117: 2116: 2112: 2104:10.1038/551298a 2073: 2069: 2057: 2053: 2040: 2039: 2032: 1997: 1993: 1983: 1981: 1966: 1962: 1957: 1952: 1858: 1853: 1847: 1799: 1752:Digital privacy 1749: 1706: 1678:motion sickness 1663: 1658: 1650:Imagine Dragons 1629:screen. Meta's 1603: 1467:) and phobias. 1424: 1418: 1398: 1385: 1376: 1371: 1332: 1273:shutter glasses 1263:. In contrast, 1213: 1207: 1202: 1196: 1154:PlayStation VR2 1077:resolution and 1058:Samsung Gear VR 1032:motion tracking 1028:Michael Naimark 905: 878: 859:Philip Rosedale 667: 659:Texture mapping 643:Michael Naimark 588: 524:Aspen Movie Map 506: 481:Ivan Sutherland 462: 454:science fiction 423: 370:haptic feedback 366:motion controls 290:desktop display 279:computer vision 228: 218: 144: 76:Virtual reality 56: 53:Virtual economy 41: 28: 23: 22: 18:Virtual-reality 15: 12: 11: 5: 9701: 9691: 9690: 9685: 9668: 9667: 9664: 9663: 9661: 9660: 9659: 9658: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9632: 9630: 9626: 9625: 9623: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9595:Pervasive game 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9576: 9575: 9565: 9560: 9554: 9552: 9545: 9541: 9540: 9537: 9536: 9534: 9533: 9528: 9522: 9520: 9516: 9515: 9513: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9465:PlayStation VR 9462: 9461: 9460: 9455: 9445: 9440: 9435: 9430: 9425: 9420: 9415: 9410: 9405: 9399: 9397: 9393: 9392: 9390: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9353: 9352: 9342: 9337: 9336: 9335: 9325: 9320: 9315: 9310: 9304: 9302: 9295: 9291: 9290: 9288: 9287: 9282: 9277: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9246: 9244: 9240: 9239: 9236: 9235: 9233: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9216: 9214: 9210: 9209: 9207: 9206: 9204:VR photography 9201: 9196: 9191: 9185: 9183: 9179: 9178: 9176: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9159: 9157: 9153: 9152: 9150: 9149: 9144: 9139: 9134: 9128: 9126: 9125:3D interaction 9122: 9121: 9119: 9118: 9113: 9112: 9111: 9101: 9096: 9091: 9090: 9089: 9079: 9073: 9071: 9064: 9060: 9059: 9057: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8975: 8973: 8969: 8968: 8966: 8965: 8959: 8953: 8946: 8943: 8942: 8934: 8933: 8926: 8919: 8911: 8902: 8901: 8899: 8898: 8888: 8878: 8867: 8864: 8863: 8861: 8860: 8855: 8850: 8845: 8840: 8835: 8830: 8825: 8820: 8815: 8810: 8805: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8759: 8757: 8753: 8752: 8750: 8749: 8747:Solid modeling 8744: 8739: 8734: 8729: 8724: 8719: 8714: 8708: 8706: 8700: 8699: 8697: 8696: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8676: 8670: 8668: 8662: 8661: 8659: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8646:Control method 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8617: 8615: 8609: 8608: 8606: 8605: 8600: 8598:Multithreading 8595: 8590: 8585: 8579: 8577: 8571: 8570: 8568: 8567: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8547: 8541: 8539: 8533: 8532: 8530: 8529: 8524: 8519: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8492:Formal methods 8489: 8483: 8481: 8475: 8474: 8472: 8471: 8466: 8464:World Wide Web 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8400: 8398: 8392: 8391: 8389: 8388: 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8347: 8345: 8338: 8337: 8335: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8308: 8306: 8300: 8299: 8297: 8296: 8291: 8286: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8266: 8260: 8258: 8252: 8251: 8249: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8197: 8195: 8189: 8188: 8186: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8134: 8132: 8122: 8121: 8119: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8092: 8090: 8086: 8085: 8083: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8062: 8057: 8051: 8049: 8043: 8042: 8040: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8013: 8011: 8007: 8006: 8004: 8003: 7994: 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7948: 7946: 7940: 7939: 7932: 7929: 7928: 7921: 7920: 7913: 7906: 7898: 7892: 7891: 7888: 7887: 7869: 7868: 7855: 7832: 7826: 7807: 7806:External links 7804: 7803: 7802: 7773: 7770: 7767: 7766: 7748: 7722: 7696: 7670: 7644: 7617: 7578: 7545: 7506: 7459: 7432:(6): 526–536. 7412: 7379: 7364: 7336: 7310: 7284: 7265:(1): 275–298. 7245: 7216:(3): 349–353. 7196: 7177:(1): 125–139. 7161: 7122: 7109: 7079: 7059: 7048:on 17 May 2018 7019: 6993: 6957: 6916: 6890: 6864: 6849: 6824: 6783: 6746:(3): 889–901. 6730: 6679: 6653: 6627: 6604: 6577:(4): 471–491. 6557: 6546:on 6 July 2017 6525: 6516: 6505:. 1 March 2022 6490: 6464: 6438: 6412: 6386: 6360: 6334: 6308: 6282: 6263:(4): 505–510. 6247: 6206: 6188: 6147: 6114: 6079:(in Spanish). 6063: 6014: 5989: 5958: 5944: 5918: 5911: 5893: 5852: 5845: 5819: 5800:Safety Science 5786: 5745: 5738: 5708: 5631: 5596:(2): 243–245. 5576: 5533: 5476: 5453: 5434: 5415: 5401: 5334: 5307:(3): 368–376. 5287: 5261: 5226: 5200: 5174: 5149: 5135: 5110: 5069: 5042:(6): 549–559. 5022: 5004: 4977:(2): 180–210. 4957: 4924: 4897:(8): 502–518. 4881: 4840: 4822: 4773: 4722: 4673: 4658: 4601: 4566: 4531: 4496: 4445: 4439: 4424: 4394: 4360: 4323:(5): 375–388. 4302: 4275:(4): 298–305. 4259: 4252: 4234: 4187:(12): e48469. 4167: 4102: 4075:(3): 231–248. 4059: 4018: 3988: 3939: 3913: 3898: 3878: 3853: 3816: 3791: 3776:Kuhn, Thomas. 3768: 3753: 3725: 3700: 3674: 3648: 3622: 3596: 3570: 3544: 3518: 3493: 3467: 3441: 3415: 3394: 3368: 3342: 3316: 3290: 3278:Digital Trends 3264: 3238: 3208: 3175: 3150: 3135: 3116: 3096: 3085:. 5 April 2016 3070: 3044: 3018: 2992: 2966: 2941: 2915: 2889: 2867: 2836: 2810: 2795: 2781: 2760: 2741: 2723: 2699: 2681: 2666: 2646: 2633: 2620: 2586: 2560: 2542:Goad, Angela. 2534: 2504: 2477: 2450: 2427: 2397: 2391:978-1513617039 2390: 2372: 2350: 2331: 2313: 2298: 2286: 2271: 2253: 2246: 2228: 2205: 2179: 2153: 2146: 2138:Anamorphic art 2128: 2110: 2067: 2059:Antonin Artaud 2051: 2030: 1991: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1953: 1951: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1865: 1863:16K resolution 1859: 1857: 1854: 1849:Main article: 1846: 1843: 1835:Internet fraud 1819:online banking 1811:Meta Platforms 1798: 1795: 1778:Meta Platforms 1748: 1745: 1705: 1702: 1662: 1659: 1657: 1654: 1602: 1599: 1420:Main article: 1417: 1414: 1397: 1394: 1384: 1381: 1375: 1372: 1370: 1367: 1331: 1328: 1320:VR photography 1308:force feedback 1265:photogrammetry 1241:hand positions 1206: 1203: 1195: 1192: 1145:, and updated 1143:pancake lenses 1131:Meta Quest Pro 1108:Oculus Quest 2 1008:PlayStation VR 992:PlayStation VR 969:Fresnel lenses 904: 901: 877: 874: 789:Armstrong Labs 785:U.S. Air Force 783:system at the 769:Nicole Stenger 682:announced the 666: 663: 627:was released. 505: 502: 493:user interface 461: 458: 422: 419: 415:actual reality 358:binaural audio 217: 214: 163:Antonin Artaud 158:" since 1959. 143: 140: 132:video feedback 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9700: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9680: 9678: 9657: 9654: 9653: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9633: 9631: 9627: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9574: 9571: 9570: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9559: 9556: 9555: 9553: 9549: 9546: 9542: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9523: 9521: 9517: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9490:VFX1 Headgear 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9451: 9450: 9449: 9446: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9434: 9431: 9429: 9426: 9424: 9421: 9419: 9416: 9414: 9411: 9409: 9406: 9404: 9401: 9400: 9398: 9394: 9388: 9385: 9383: 9380: 9378: 9375: 9373: 9370: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9351: 9348: 9347: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9334: 9331: 9330: 9329: 9326: 9324: 9321: 9319: 9316: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9305: 9303: 9299: 9296: 9292: 9286: 9283: 9281: 9278: 9276: 9273: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9247: 9245: 9241: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9217: 9215: 9211: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9195: 9192: 9190: 9187: 9186: 9184: 9180: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9160: 9158: 9154: 9148: 9145: 9143: 9142:Pose tracking 9140: 9138: 9135: 9133: 9130: 9129: 9127: 9123: 9117: 9114: 9110: 9107: 9106: 9105: 9102: 9100: 9097: 9095: 9092: 9088: 9085: 9084: 9083: 9080: 9078: 9075: 9074: 9072: 9068: 9065: 9061: 9055: 9054:Virtual world 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8976: 8974: 8970: 8963: 8962:Mixed reality 8960: 8957: 8954: 8951: 8948: 8947: 8944: 8939: 8932: 8927: 8925: 8920: 8918: 8913: 8912: 8909: 8897: 8889: 8887: 8879: 8877: 8869: 8868: 8865: 8859: 8856: 8854: 8851: 8849: 8846: 8844: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8834: 8831: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8754: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8732:Mixed reality 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8718: 8715: 8713: 8710: 8709: 8707: 8705: 8701: 8695: 8692: 8690: 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8675: 8672: 8671: 8669: 8667: 8663: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8644: 8642: 8639: 8637: 8634: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8610: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8580: 8578: 8576: 8572: 8566: 8565:Accessibility 8563: 8561: 8560:Visualization 8558: 8556: 8553: 8551: 8548: 8546: 8543: 8542: 8540: 8538: 8534: 8528: 8525: 8523: 8520: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8508: 8505: 8503: 8500: 8498: 8495: 8493: 8490: 8488: 8485: 8484: 8482: 8480: 8476: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8407: 8405: 8402: 8401: 8399: 8397: 8393: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8348: 8346: 8344: 8339: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8309: 8307: 8305: 8301: 8295: 8292: 8290: 8287: 8285: 8282: 8280: 8277: 8275: 8272: 8270: 8267: 8265: 8262: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8253: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8194: 8190: 8184: 8181: 8179: 8176: 8174: 8171: 8169: 8166: 8164: 8161: 8159: 8156: 8154: 8151: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8141: 8139: 8136: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8127: 8123: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8093: 8091: 8087: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8066: 8063: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8052: 8050: 8048: 8044: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8027:Dependability 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8008: 8002: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7983: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7949: 7947: 7945: 7941: 7936: 7930: 7926: 7919: 7914: 7912: 7907: 7905: 7900: 7899: 7896: 7885: 7884: 7879: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7856: 7844: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7830: 7827: 7815: 7810: 7809: 7799: 7793: 7785: 7781: 7776: 7775: 7762: 7758: 7752: 7737: 7733: 7726: 7711: 7707: 7700: 7685: 7681: 7674: 7659: 7655: 7648: 7632: 7628: 7621: 7613: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7582: 7573: 7568: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7549: 7541: 7537: 7533: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7517: 7510: 7502: 7498: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7482: 7478: 7474: 7470: 7463: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7443: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7416: 7407: 7402: 7398: 7394: 7390: 7383: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7347: 7340: 7325: 7321: 7314: 7299: 7295: 7288: 7280: 7276: 7272: 7268: 7264: 7260: 7259:MIS Quarterly 7256: 7249: 7241: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7211: 7207: 7200: 7192: 7188: 7184: 7180: 7176: 7172: 7165: 7157: 7153: 7149: 7145: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7126: 7112: 7106: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7083: 7075: 7074: 7069: 7063: 7044: 7040: 7033: 7026: 7024: 7008: 7004: 6997: 6982: 6978: 6974: 6973: 6968: 6961: 6953: 6949: 6944: 6939: 6935: 6931: 6927: 6920: 6905: 6901: 6894: 6879: 6875: 6868: 6860: 6853: 6842: 6835: 6828: 6820: 6816: 6811: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6787: 6779: 6775: 6771: 6767: 6762: 6757: 6753: 6749: 6745: 6741: 6734: 6726: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6707: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6690: 6683: 6668: 6664: 6657: 6642: 6638: 6631: 6615: 6608: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6588: 6584: 6580: 6576: 6572: 6568: 6561: 6542: 6535: 6529: 6520: 6504: 6500: 6494: 6479: 6475: 6468: 6453: 6449: 6442: 6427: 6423: 6416: 6400: 6396: 6390: 6375: 6371: 6364: 6349: 6345: 6338: 6323: 6319: 6312: 6297: 6293: 6286: 6278: 6274: 6270: 6266: 6262: 6258: 6251: 6243: 6239: 6234: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6210: 6202: 6198: 6192: 6184: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6151: 6142: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6125: 6118: 6110: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6083:(61): 71–82. 6082: 6078: 6074: 6067: 6059: 6055: 6051: 6047: 6042: 6037: 6033: 6029: 6025: 6018: 6003: 5999: 5993: 5977: 5973: 5969: 5962: 5954: 5948: 5932: 5928: 5922: 5914: 5908: 5904: 5897: 5889: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5863: 5856: 5848: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5823: 5814: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5790: 5782: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5749: 5741: 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5712: 5704: 5700: 5695: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5668: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5650: 5646: 5642: 5635: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5599: 5595: 5591: 5587: 5580: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5537: 5529: 5525: 5520: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5480: 5474: 5470: 5467: 5460: 5458: 5449: 5445: 5438: 5430: 5426: 5419: 5411: 5405: 5397: 5393: 5388: 5383: 5379: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5338: 5330: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5310: 5306: 5302: 5298: 5291: 5275: 5271: 5265: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5230: 5214: 5210: 5204: 5189: 5185: 5178: 5163: 5159: 5153: 5145: 5139: 5124: 5120: 5114: 5106: 5102: 5097: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5073: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5026: 5018: 5017:blogs.wsj.com 5014: 5008: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4961: 4946: 4942: 4938: 4934: 4928: 4920: 4916: 4912: 4908: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4885: 4877: 4873: 4868: 4863: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4844: 4836: 4832: 4826: 4818: 4814: 4809: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4792: 4788: 4784: 4777: 4769: 4765: 4760: 4755: 4750: 4745: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4726: 4718: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4677: 4669: 4662: 4654: 4650: 4646: 4642: 4638: 4634: 4629: 4624: 4620: 4616: 4612: 4605: 4597: 4593: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4570: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4535: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4500: 4492: 4488: 4483: 4478: 4473: 4468: 4465:: 2329–2338. 4464: 4460: 4456: 4449: 4443: 4435: 4431: 4427: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4405: 4398: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4373:NIHR Evidence 4370: 4364: 4356: 4352: 4347: 4342: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4306: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4263: 4255: 4253:9781317954934 4249: 4245: 4238: 4230: 4226: 4221: 4216: 4212: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4194: 4190: 4186: 4182: 4178: 4171: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4123:(2): 102213. 4122: 4118: 4114: 4106: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4074: 4070: 4063: 4055: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4029: 4022: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3992: 3984: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3950: 3943: 3928: 3924: 3917: 3909: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3891: 3890: 3882: 3867: 3863: 3857: 3838: 3834: 3827: 3820: 3805: 3801: 3795: 3779: 3772: 3764: 3760: 3756: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3736: 3729: 3714: 3710: 3704: 3689: 3685: 3678: 3662: 3658: 3652: 3637: 3633: 3626: 3611: 3607: 3600: 3585: 3581: 3574: 3559: 3555: 3548: 3533: 3529: 3522: 3507: 3503: 3497: 3482: 3478: 3471: 3456: 3452: 3445: 3429: 3425: 3419: 3404: 3398: 3383: 3379: 3372: 3357: 3353: 3346: 3330: 3326: 3320: 3304: 3300: 3294: 3279: 3275: 3268: 3253: 3249: 3242: 3226: 3222: 3218: 3212: 3197: 3193: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3164: 3160: 3154: 3146: 3139: 3131: 3127: 3120: 3112: 3111: 3106: 3100: 3084: 3080: 3074: 3059:. 3 June 2014 3058: 3054: 3048: 3032: 3028: 3022: 3007: 3003: 2996: 2981: 2977: 2970: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2930: 2926: 2919: 2904: 2900: 2893: 2877: 2871: 2856: 2852: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2824: 2820: 2814: 2806: 2799: 2791: 2785: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2764: 2756: 2752: 2745: 2737: 2733: 2727: 2711: 2710: 2703: 2695: 2692: 2685: 2677: 2670: 2662: 2659: 2658: 2650: 2643: 2637: 2630: 2624: 2616: 2612: 2609:(17897): 35. 2608: 2604: 2597: 2590: 2575: 2571: 2564: 2549: 2545: 2538: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2508: 2492: 2488: 2481: 2465: 2461: 2454: 2438: 2431: 2415: 2408: 2401: 2393: 2387: 2383: 2376: 2360: 2354: 2346: 2342: 2335: 2327: 2323: 2317: 2309: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2282: 2275: 2267: 2263: 2257: 2249: 2247:0-12-737865-0 2243: 2239: 2232: 2216: 2209: 2193: 2189: 2183: 2167: 2163: 2157: 2149: 2147:9780810906624 2143: 2139: 2132: 2124: 2120: 2114: 2105: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2083: 2078: 2071: 2064: 2060: 2055: 2047: 2043: 2037: 2035: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1995: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1964: 1960: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1918:Virtual globe 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1908:Mixed reality 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1860: 1852: 1842: 1840: 1836: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1807:vulnerability 1804: 1794: 1792: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1774: 1772: 1768: 1763: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1744: 1742: 1741:Job Simulator 1736: 1732: 1728: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1713:Piper Sandler 1709: 1701: 1699: 1695: 1694: 1688: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1653: 1651: 1647: 1646:Billie Eilish 1642: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1616: 1615:Justin Bieber 1612: 1609:performed in 1608: 1598: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1571: 1569: 1565: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1550: 1541: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1511: 1506: 1502: 1500: 1495: 1493: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1452: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1423: 1413: 1411: 1402: 1393: 1391: 1380: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1337: 1327: 1325: 1321: 1316: 1314: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1293: 1288: 1284: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1246: 1242: 1238: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1201: 1191: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1176: 1174: 1169: 1167: 1166:PlayStation 5 1163: 1159: 1155: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1127: 1124: 1115: 1111: 1109: 1104: 1102: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1090:Oculus Rift S 1086: 1082: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1045: 1041: 1038:unveiled its 1037: 1033: 1029: 1025: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1012:PlayStation 4 1009: 1005: 997: 993: 988: 984: 982: 978: 974: 970: 965: 957: 952: 948: 946: 942: 938: 934: 930: 926: 922: 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Retrieved 1978:the original 1973: 1963: 1913:Virtual body 1903:Hyperreality 1800: 1775: 1764: 1760: 1756:surveillance 1750: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1710: 1707: 1691: 1689: 1683: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1643: 1631:Foo Fighters 1604: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1545: 1527: 1523: 1507: 1503: 1496: 1489: 1469: 1453: 1425: 1416:Applications 1407: 1386: 1377: 1333: 1317: 1300:wired gloves 1289: 1285: 1269: 1250: 1234: 1177: 1173:Meta Quest 3 1170: 1151: 1139:eye tracking 1128: 1120: 1105: 1098: 1094:Oculus Quest 1087: 1083: 1063: 1001: 961: 933:John Carmack 918: 903:2010–present 882: 879: 876:21st century 867: 856: 838: 830:QuickTime VR 819:Sega Model 1 814: 807: 797: 772: 766: 724: 677: 670: 668: 651: 639:Scott Fisher 629: 605:VPL Research 601:Jaron Lanier 598: 582:VPL Research 571:Scott Fisher 558:Eric Howlett 555: 528:virtual tour 510: 507: 478: 463: 460:20th century 448:invented by 435: 409: 402: 396: 388:smartglasses 378: 354:stereoscopic 335: 298:first-person 283: 271: 263:avatar image 260: 253: 207: 204:VPL Research 200:Jaron Lanier 197: 188: 174: 170: 160: 145: 116: 79: 75: 74: 57: 29: 9495:Virtual Boy 9448:Oculus Rift 9382:Vuzix Blade 9377:Valve Index 9280:Wired glove 9270:Razer Hydra 9255:Leap Motion 9243:Peripherals 9220:Haptic suit 9182:Photography 8838:Video games 8818:Digital art 8575:Concurrency 8444:Data mining 8356:Probability 8096:Interpreter 7848:15 November 7479:: 122–134. 7007:news.com.au 6904:Fortune.com 6620:5 September 6100:10651/53881 5549:(1): 6–19. 5274:www.cdc.gov 4742:: 6412318. 4582:: 164–175. 4547:: 371–387. 4512:: 100–106. 3959:(2): 1–45. 3862:"WebVR API" 3784:18 November 3688:Motherboard 3506:PlayStation 3361:16 December 3335:28 February 3309:1 September 3303:tech.fb.com 3163:Kickstarter 3011:14 December 2985:14 December 2959:14 December 2934:20 February 2860:20 February 2829:20 February 2712:. June 1995 2678:. VR Focus. 1893:Haptic suit 1797:Cyberattack 1635:Post Malone 1476:agoraphobia 1448:theme parks 1428:video games 1363:web browser 1348:open-source 1101:Valve Index 1072:, Sony and 1040:open source 941:Kickstarter 935:. In 2014, 925:Oculus Rift 913:Oculus Rift 897:Street View 895:introduced 869:Second Life 848:"CAVE-like" 844:Virtual Boy 811:arcade game 793:exoskeleton 631:Atari, Inc. 617:Power Glove 593:Nissho Iwai 589: 1989 485:Bob Sproull 446:stereoscope 442:Renaissance 438:perspective 430:View-Master 100:video games 71:around 1990 9677:Categories 9519:Unreleased 9505:Virtuality 9480:SixthSense 9323:Magic Leap 9019:Room-scale 8896:Glossaries 8768:E-commerce 8361:Statistics 8304:Algorithms 8101:Middleware 7957:Peripheral 7710:Road to VR 7689:18 October 7663:18 October 7012:2 February 6986:2 February 6322:Road to VR 6134:(4): 4–5. 5806:: 106372. 5658:2102.12030 5280:9 November 5188:Road to VR 4854:Psychiatry 4621:: 105935. 3932:19 October 3871:4 November 3804:www.w3.org 3718:19 October 3006:Road to VR 2980:Road to VR 2716:20 October 2198:19 January 2172:19 January 1955:References 1873:AlloSphere 1823:Beat Saber 1721:VR headset 1591:ecosystems 1568:e-commerce 1440:dark rides 1438:including 1356:JavaScript 1237:gyroscopes 1225:frame rate 1209:See also: 1198:See also: 1194:Technology 1079:frame rate 1054:Smartphone 1024:smartphone 863:Linden Lab 759:immersive 717:system at 696:Virtuality 688:Mega Drive 621:Broderbund 526:, a crude 405:cyberspace 256:simulation 244:VR headset 9563:ARToolKit 9475:Sensorama 9438:Oculus Go 9014:Real life 8994:Metaverse 8989:Immersion 8717:Rendering 8712:Animation 8343:computing 8294:Semantics 7992:Processor 7842:The Verge 7684:The Verge 7658:The Verge 7637:19 August 7612:0021-9916 7493:0167-4048 7446:1071-5819 7374:1868-4238 7279:0276-7783 7240:0002-8282 7191:0193-3973 7156:0021-9916 6981:0099-9660 6952:2673-4192 6819:111310621 6599:246439125 6591:1475-939X 6509:6 October 6503:Hypebeast 6483:6 October 6478:Billboard 6457:6 October 6452:TechRadar 6431:6 October 6405:6 October 6379:6 October 6353:6 October 6327:6 October 6277:233628743 6242:225264729 6220:Bioethica 6183:221160772 6109:1134-3478 6077:Comunicar 6050:1743-9159 6007:31 August 5888:2261-2424 5872:: 01012. 5781:1359-4338 5685:1932-6203 5626:218895372 5610:1545-004X 5563:1046-8781 5510:0046-9580 5378:1932-6203 5329:229929326 5213:Unimersiv 5105:1449-5554 4991:0093-6502 4945:1059-1028 4919:207814817 4653:233036480 4637:1743-9191 4588:0926-9630 4553:0926-9630 4518:0926-9630 4434:258217919 4389:260053713 4337:2215-0366 4211:1932-6203 4155:253282697 4089:1553-4510 4054:1875-905X 4011:15 August 3908:841909276 3833:web3D.org 3763:218483027 3584:The Verge 3558:The Verge 3532:The Verge 3481:The Verge 3221:VIVE Blog 3057:The Verge 3031:The Verge 2497:21 August 2025:0277-786X 1933:Metaverse 1725:metaverse 1627:IMAX dome 1587:metaverse 1537:U.S. Navy 1472:psychosis 1432:3D cinema 1261:360 video 1221:immersion 1147:Touch Pro 1121:In 2021, 1070:Microsoft 1020:Cardboard 1002:In 2014, 962:In 2013, 919:In 2010, 828:released 777:dataglove 767:In 1992, 737:from the 678:In 1991, 665:1990–2000 609:DataGlove 556:In 1979, 550:NASA Ames 542:in 1978. 504:1970–1990 470:Sensorama 384:live feed 240:Darmstadt 142:Etymology 84:simulated 9610:visionOS 9544:Software 9413:EyePhone 9318:HTC Vive 9156:Software 8972:Concepts 8876:Category 8704:Graphics 8479:Security 8148:Compiler 8047:Networks 7944:Hardware 7792:cite web 7741:4 August 7631:Archived 7540:18474289 7454:15610107 7116:27 April 7073:PC Gamer 7052:27 April 6841:Archived 6778:13740398 6770:27915367 6725:17894857 6550:13 March 6348:PLAYBILL 6301:14 March 6058:27741424 5982:16 March 5703:34705835 5645:PLOS ONE 5618:32451173 5571:13051996 5528:28133988 5469:Archived 5396:36256672 5348:PLOS ONE 5321:33378557 5219:15 March 5193:15 March 5167:15 March 5128:16 March 5064:25961448 5056:28419750 4999:10503426 4911:31674852 4876:29616149 4817:27696183 4768:30210873 4717:28000926 4645:33819684 4596:10163747 4561:10172846 4526:10163742 4491:30532523 4355:35395204 4289:20535592 4229:23300515 4181:PLOS ONE 4160:18 April 4147:36356351 4097:15300623 3983:32489576 3927:PCMag UK 3846:20 March 3837:Archived 3809:20 March 3693:20 March 3667:20 March 3641:20 March 3511:26 March 3387:29 March 3283:13 March 3257:13 March 3252:Wareable 3201:13 March 3145:PC World 3083:Wareable 2908:13 March 2882:27 March 2823:Archived 2579:28 March 2553:28 March 2521:Archived 2443:7 August 2420:7 August 2414:NASA JPL 2365:8 August 1984:26 March 1856:See also 1839:grooming 1831:phishing 1827:attacked 1786:Facebook 1601:Concerts 1547:studied 1330:Software 1243:; 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