225:, a suggestion which never made it out of committee onto the Convention floor. The reformers lost on almost every issue. Nevertheless, even with the exaggerated Virginia Senate representation apportioning the delegates in favor of the status quo, the three most important roll calls were close. The "white" population basis of apportioning the General Assembly failed by two votes. The extension of the vote to all free white males failed by two votes. When the popular election of governor passed on its first vote, it failed on reconsideration. The divisions which would lead to West Virginia's split were evident. Regardless of the various ideologies represented or delegate political affiliation, the final vote 55 for the proposed Constitution to 40 against was along an east-west divide. Only one delegate voted yes from west of the Blue Ridge Mountains.
214:, a judge on the Virginia General Court, spoke for conservatives when he asserted that there "is a majority of interest as well as a majority in number". Because both persons and property were the "elements of society", majority rule by the people alone was not an equitable solution. "Those who have the greatest stake in the Government… have the greatest share of power in the administration of it." Lawyer John R. Cooke, a veteran of the War of 1812 countered that delegates must base the Constitution and legislative representation on the wishes of citizens, "the white population… to the people" for its authority, not only the wealthy, not to sectional slave-holding interests, and "not to the supposed rights of the counties."
2462:
311:
232:
166:
counting whites and slaves equally to favor the slave-holding eastern counties. After several
General Assembly sessions with close votes for calling a convention, in 1828, the Assembly allowed for a statewide ballot for "Convention", "Neutral" or "No Convention". It passed by 56.8 percent, with most convention support coming from west of the Blue Ridge Mountains northwest to the Ohio River. But the easterners in the State Senate had stacked the deck in their favor, by apportioning the delegates by four per Senate district, producing a group of men which was more wealthy and more conservative than the House of Delegates.
286:
250:
268:
162:
convention ten times. The House of
Delegates passed a bill twice, but the conservative eastern planter majority in the Virginia Senate killed both measures. Continuing growth in the western parts of the state led to another fifteen years of agitation. Several counties in the Eastern Shore, northern Piedmont and western counties began opening polls for direct expression from the voters for a constitutional convention; eventually there were twenty-eight such counties calling for reform.
120:
17:
321:
Some malapportionment in the
General Assembly was eased relative to the majority of voters and white population in the Valley in the House of Delegates, but nothing for the transmontane west. Some suffrage restrictions were modified to include long term leaseholders and male heads of household. The
333:
who called for the convention in the first place. The "triumph of traditionalism" largely maintained traditional malapportionment preserving slaveowners’ disproportionate political power. This contributed to western
Virginia counties’ later secession and formation of West Virginia led by Doddridge
207:
advanced his view with a petition from the freeholders of
Richmond which observed that, "Virtue, intelligence, are not among the products of the soil. Attachment to property, often a sordid sentiment, is not to be confounded with the sacred flame of patriots." Any white male who had served in the
169:
The last "gathering of giants" from the
Revolutionary generation included former presidents James Madison and James Monroe, and sitting Chief Justice John Marshall. But three generations were represented among those who would serve in public office including three presidents, seven U.S. Senators,
165:
Malapportionment in the
Assembly was seen as "an usurpation of the minority over the majority" by the slave owning eastern aristocracy. Partisans argued for apportionment by white population, versus "federal numbers" combining white population with three-fifths slaves, versus the existing system
161:
Almost immediately, the
Constitution of 1776 was recognized as flawed both for its restriction of the suffrage by property requirements, and for its malapportionment favoring the smaller eastern counties. Between 1801 and 1813, petitioners called on the Assembly to initiate a constitutional
179:
346:
The delegates to the
Convention of were elected in May and June, 1829. Each of the 24 senatorial districts sent four delegates to the convention, for a total of 96 members. Three districts elected another delegate to replace a vacant seat.
197:
as its new presiding officer. Barbour was a former
Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives, a sitting federal district judge, and a future Justice on the Supreme Court. Conservatives among the Old Republicans such as
202:
feared any change from the Founders' 1776 Constitution would lead to an ideological anarchy of "wild abstractions" imposed by egalitarian "French Jacobins" through "this maggot of innovation". In answer,
1912:
170:
fifteen U.S. Representatives and four governors. The other delegates to the Convention were sitting judges or members of the Virginia General Assembly.
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231:
148:
95:
285:
2928:
217:
Reformers' efforts to adopt direct popular election of the Governor were defeated in favor of continuing election by the General Assembly.
2900:. Samuel Shepherd & Co. for Ritchie & Cook 1830 Richmond online from the archives of the University of Virginia at archive.org
99:
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1332:
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1479:
330:
103:
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City of Williamsburg, Charles City, Elizabeth City, James City, City of Richmond, Henrico, New Kent, Warwick and York
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222:
78:
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that emphasize it as the "last gathering of giants." This approach typically omits names of the western reformers like
83:
141:
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1503:
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of Loudoun its presiding officer. On December 8, Monroe withdrew due to failing health, and the Convention elected
2354:
2335:
2314:
2205:
2183:
1980:
1917:
1616:
1538:
208:
War of 1812 or who would serve in the militia in there future defense of the country deserved the right to vote.
2249:
2226:
1519:
1460:
1399:
681:
107:
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1835:
1811:
1441:
1193:
1172:
1151:
1083:
556:
537:
267:
310:
1961:
1524:
1484:
1420:
1316:
1040:
1015:
906:
848:
829:
810:
789:
765:
744:
134:
2165:
2146:
2128:
2106:
1637:
1611:
739:
460:
438:
420:
88:
2293:
2270:
1940:
1682:
1661:
1358:
891:
724:
705:
620:
67:
2820:
The Constitutional Conventions of Virginia from the foundation of the Commonwealth to the present time
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2019:
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996:
975:
382:
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218:
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636:
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King George, Westmoreland, Lancaster, Northumberland, Richmond, Stafford and Prince William
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8:
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The Convention met from October 5, 1829 – January 15, 1830, and elected former president
57:
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1100:
1062:
927:
676:
326:
73:
43:
2877:
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2804:
2785:
2765:
2729:
2395:
1851:
1762:
1698:
1677:
1353:
1167:
956:
932:
911:
871:
335:
194:
182:
798:
U.S. Representative, U.S. District Judge, Secretary of State, Secretary of the Navy
2850:
2717:
2288:
1891:
1212:
760:
591:
2871:
2101:
1995:
1956:
1656:
1632:
1590:
1568:
991:
124:
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Democratizing the Old Dominion: Virginia and the Second Party System, 1824–1861
2330:
1806:
1035:
805:
274:
211:
2705:
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Approximate districts for the convention. Each district had 4 representatives.
2907:
2839:"Reclaiming Congressman Philip Doddridge from Tidewater Cultural Imperialism"
2706:"Reclaiming Congressman Philip Doddridge from Tidewater Cultural Imperialism"
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2080:
1741:
1311:
1057:
951:
784:
256:
204:
24:
2500:
Amelia, Chesterfield, Cumberland, Nottoway, Powhatan and Town of Petersburg
2373:
1415:
190:
2854:
2721:
2221:
2769:
1830:
1078:
35:
2838:
2488:
Sussex, Surry, Southampton, Isle of Wight, Prince George, Greensville
325:
Historical accounts of the convention often relay interpretations of
2782:
Virginia's American Revolution: from Dominion to Republic, 1776-1840
2506:
Monroe, Greenbriar, Bath, Botetourt, Alleghany, Pocahontas, Nicholas
16:
2898:
Proceedings and Debates of the Virginia State Convention of 1829–30
39:
2509:
Kanawha, Mason, Cabell, Randolph, Harrison, Lewis, Wood and Logan
2801:
Old Dominion, New Commonwealth: a history of Virginia, 1607-2007
178:
1781:
Elected Presiding Officer after Monroe resigned the office
2524:
King William, King and Queen, Essex, Caroline and Hanover
2469:
Districts are numbered as follows for the table and map:
2494:
Mathews, Middlesex, Accomack, Northampton and Gloucester
2491:
Norfolk, Princess Anne, Nansemond and Borough of Norfolk
322:
Constitution of 1830 was a "triumph of traditionalism."
1139:
Judge of the Virginia General Court and Circuit Court
2843:
West Virginia History: A Journal of Regional Studies
2710:
West Virginia History: A Journal of Regional Studies
2518:Albemarle, Amherst, Nelson, Fluvanna and Goochland
2905:
2485:Brunswick, Dinwiddie, Lunenburg, and Mecklenburg
317:at Richmond VA, where Convention of 1829–30 met
32:Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829–1830
142:
49:
2473:Washington, Lee, Scott, Russell and Tazewell
686:President of the Upper Appomattox Canal Co.
21:The Virginia Constitutional Convention, 1830
2512:Ohio, Tyler, Brooke, Monongalia and Preston
46:from October 5, 1829, to January 15, 1830.
1050:Secretary of the Navy; Secretary of State
149:
135:
2521:Spotsylvania, Louisa, Orange, and Madison
2479:Franklin, Patrick, Henry and Pittsylvania
2836:
2703:
2460:
309:
221:, Thomas Jefferson's grandson, proposed
177:
34:was a constitutional convention for the
15:
2906:
1583:Justice of the Virginia Supreme Court
1045:Justice of the Virginia General Court
2536:Hampshire, Hardy, Berkeley and Morgan
2482:Charlotte, Halifax, and Prince Edward
173:
2476:Wythe, Montgomery, Grayson and Giles
2234:Brigadier General, Virginia Militia
1110:Judge of the Virginia General Court
710:Brigadier General, Virginia Militia
650:Judge of the Virginia General Court
2929:American constitutional conventions
1668:U.S. Senator; Governor of Virginia
13:
2764:. Doubleday, Doran & Company.
1778:Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court
627:U.S. Senator; U.S. Representative
14:
2970:
2891:
2837:Richards, Samuel J. (Fall 2019).
2704:Richards, Samuel J. (Fall 2019).
1529:Ordained minister, leader of the
2876:. University of Virginia Press.
2803:. University of Virginia Press.
2503:Campbell, Buckingham and Bedford
1578:Major General, Virginia Militia
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2758:Andrews, Matthew Page (1937).
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2515:Augusta, Rockbridge, Pendleton
1:
2914:Political history of Virginia
2799:Heinemann, Ronald L. (2008).
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2818:Pulliam, David Loyd (1901).
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7:
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305:
10:
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2870:Shade, William G. (1996).
2869:
2822:. John T. West, Richmond.
2761:Virginia, the Old Dominion
2743:Pulliam 1901, p. 67, 70–72
2679:
2631:
2619:
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50:Background and composition
2954:1830 in the United States
2949:1830 in American politics
2944:1829 in American politics
2533:Shenandoah and Rockingham
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219:Thomas Jefferson Randolph
2390:First Presiding Officer
200:John Randolph of Roanoke
2539:Frederick and Jefferson
1801:Died without attending
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2385:President of the U.S.
1753:President of the U.S.
1093:President of the U.S.
553:Benjamin W. S. Cabell
318:
186:
27:
2855:10.1353/wvh.2019.0019
2722:10.1353/wvh.2019.0019
2530:Fauquier and Culpeper
2464:
2437:Richard H. Henderson
1775:Speaker of the House
881:Governor of Virginia
867:Littleton W. Tazewell
721:George C. Groomgoole
701:William Henry Brodnax
313:
181:
19:
2959:1829 in American law
2553:Virginia Conventions
2405:U.S. Representative
2300:U.S. Representative
2005:U.S. Representative
1968:U.S. Representative
1903:U.S. Representative
1861:U.S. Representative
1840:U.S. Representative
1772:U.S. District Judge
1687:U.S. Representative
1646:U.S. Representative
1621:U.S. Representative
1489:U.S. Representative
1344:U.S. Representative
1325:U.S. Representative
1160:U.S. Representative
1003:U.S. Representative
961:U.S. Representative
826:Augustine Claiborne
815:U.S. Representative
774:U.S. Representative
751:U.S. Representative
605:U.S. Representative
298:gradual emancipation
223:gradual emancipation
2784:. Lexington Books.
2778:Gutzman, Kevin R.C.
2542:Loudoun and Fairfax
2417:William H. Fitzhugh
2351:Thomas Griggs, Jr.
1719:Thomas Massie, Jr.
1547:Eugenius M. Wilson
1531:Disciples of Christ
1067:U.S. Chief Justice
185:, presiding officer
125:Virginia portal
106: •
102: •
98: •
79:American Revolution
58:History of Virginia
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2359:Assembly Delegate
2231:Assembly Delegate
2202:William Donaldson
2188:Assembly Delegate
2151:Assembly Delegate
2068:Assembly Delegate
2046:Assembly Delegate
1913:William A. G. Dade
1880:Assembly Delegate
1794:Assembly Delegate
1727:Assembly Delegate
1708:Assembly Delegate
1569:Briscoe G. Baldwin
1520:Alexander Campbell
1500:Charles S. Morgan
1465:Assembly Delegate
1446:Assembly Delegate
1425:Assembly Delegate
1270:Callowhill Mennis
1147:John Winston Jones
1101:Philip N. Nicholas
1020:Assembly Delegate
980:Assembly Delegate
937:Assembly Delegate
928:Hugh Blair Grigsby
834:Virginia Delegate
677:Richard N. Venable
520:Assembly Delegate
443:Assembly Delegate
406:Assembly Delegate
387:Assembly Delegate
319:
293:Thomas J. Randolph
187:
174:Meeting and debate
74:Colony of Virginia
28:
2883:978-0-8139-1654-5
2829:978-1-2879-2059-5
2810:978-0-8139-2769-5
2791:978-0-7391-2131-3
2454:
2453:
2426:Assembly Senator
2396:Charles F. Mercer
2237:Assembly Senator
2210:Assembly Senator
2143:William Anderson
2125:Jacob Williamson
2111:Assembly Senator
2090:Virginia Justice
2024:Assembly Senator
1947:Assembly Senator
1922:Assembly Senator
1852:William P. Taylor
1816:Virginia Justice
1763:Philip P. Barbour
1699:Lucas P. Thompson
1678:William F. Gordon
1600:Assembly Senator
1508:Assembly Senator
1404:Assembly Senator
1382:Assembly Senator
1363:Assembly Senator
1354:Fleming B. Miller
1297:Assembly Senator
1241:Assembly Senator
1233:William Campbell
1198:Assembly Senator
1168:Benjamin W. Leigh
1134:Assembly Senator
972:Thomas R. Joynes
665:Assembly Senator
580:Assembly Senator
561:Assembly Senator
542:Assembly Senator
483:Assembly Senator
336:Waitman T. Willey
195:Philip P. Barbour
183:Philip P. Barbour
159:
158:
96:African-Americans
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2939:1830 conferences
2934:1829 conferences
2924:1830 in Virginia
2919:1829 in Virginia
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2289:Alfred H. Powell
2245:Philip Pendleton
1892:James M. Garnett
1480:Philip Doddridge
1396:Edwin S. Duncan
1213:William B. Giles
907:Robert B. Taylor
761:William O. Goode
592:Archibald Stuart
512:William Oglesby
494:John P. Mathews
417:Edward Campbell
398:Andrew McMilian
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331:Philip Doddridge
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2310:Hierome L. Opie
2180:William Naylor
2162:Samuel Coffman
2102:Peachy Harrison
2075:(1830 session)
2059:Thomas Marshall
2053:(1829 session)
1996:John S. Barbour
1957:John Taliaferro
1937:Ellyson Currie
1872:Richard Morris
1657:James Pleasants
1633:Samuel M. Moore
1591:Chapman Johnson
1539:Bethany College
1289:James Saunders
1252:Samuel Claytor
1125:John B. Clopton
1012:Calvin H. Read
992:Thomas M. Bayly
957:Norfolk Borough
933:Norfolk Borough
912:Norfolk Borough
888:Joseph Prentis
872:Norfolk Borough
475:Henley Chapman
379:John B. George
368:Future Offices
365:Former Offices
362:Current Office
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1065:
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1054:
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1051:
1048:
1046:
1043:
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1036:Abel P. Upshur
1033:
1029:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1013:
1009:
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1004:
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884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
869:
864:
860:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
846:
845:John Urquhart
842:
841:
839:
837:
835:
832:
827:
823:
822:
820:
818:
816:
813:
808:
806:James Trezvant
802:
801:
799:
796:
794:
792:
787:
782:
778:
777:
775:
772:
770:
768:
763:
757:
756:
754:
752:
749:
747:
742:
740:Mark Alexander
736:
735:
733:
731:
729:
727:
722:
718:
717:
715:
713:
711:
708:
703:
698:
694:
693:
691:
689:
687:
684:
679:
673:
672:
670:
668:
666:
663:
658:
657:Richard Logan
654:
653:
651:
648:
646:
644:
639:
633:
632:
630:
628:
625:
623:
618:
613:
609:
608:
606:
603:
601:
599:
594:
588:
587:
585:
583:
581:
578:
573:
572:Joseph Martin
569:
568:
566:
564:
562:
559:
554:
550:
549:
547:
545:
543:
540:
535:
534:George Townes
532:
528:
527:
525:
523:
521:
518:
513:
509:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
495:
491:
490:
488:
486:
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481:
476:
472:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
458:
455:
451:
450:
448:
446:
444:
441:
436:
435:William Byars
432:
431:
429:
427:
425:
423:
418:
414:
413:
411:
409:
407:
404:
399:
395:
394:
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388:
385:
380:
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373:
372:
369:
366:
363:
360:
357:
354:
343:
340:
307:
304:
303:
302:
291:
290:
283:
281:
275:Abel P. Upshur
273:
272:
265:
263:
255:
254:
247:
245:
237:
236:
229:
212:Abel P. Upshur
175:
172:
157:
156:
154:
153:
146:
139:
131:
128:
127:
114:
113:
112:
111:
91:
89:Post–Civil War
86:
84:U.S. Civil War
81:
76:
71:
61:
60:
51:
48:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2971:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2899:
2896:
2895:
2885:
2879:
2875:
2874:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2806:
2802:
2797:
2793:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2744:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2688:
2681:
2676:
2669:
2664:
2657:
2652:
2645:
2640:
2633:
2628:
2621:
2616:
2610:, p. 163, 165
2609:
2604:
2598:, p. 163, 165
2597:
2592:
2585:
2580:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2551:
2550:
2541:
2538:
2535:
2532:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2505:
2502:
2499:
2496:
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2484:
2481:
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2372:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2344:U.S. Senator
2343:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2328:
2324:
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2320:
2318:
2316:
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2276:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2266:John R. Cooke
2264:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2201:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
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2161:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2081:John W. Green
2079:
2078:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:David Watson
1785:
1784:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1742:James Madison
1740:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
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1686:
1684:
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1679:
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1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1612:William McCoy
1610:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1510:
1507:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1437:Lewis Summers
1435:
1434:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1334:
1333:William Smith
1331:
1330:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1312:Andrew Beirne
1310:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1279:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1189:Samuel Taylor
1187:
1186:
1183:
1181:U.S. Senator
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1106:Richmond City
1104:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1088:U.S. Senator
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1063:Richmond City
1061:
1059:
1058:John Marshall
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
989:
986:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
971:
970:
967:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
952:George Loyall
950:
946:
943:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
904:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
890:
887:
886:
883:
880:
878:
876:U.S. Senator
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
861:
858:
856:
854:
852:
850:
847:
844:
843:
840:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
825:
824:
821:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
803:
800:
797:
795:
793:
791:
788:
786:
785:John Y. Mason
783:
779:
776:
773:
771:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
755:
753:
750:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
737:
734:
732:
730:
728:
726:
723:
720:
719:
716:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
695:
692:
690:
688:
685:
683:
682:Prince Edward
680:
678:
675:
674:
671:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
656:
655:
652:
649:
647:
645:
643:
640:
638:
637:William Leigh
635:
634:
631:
629:
626:
624:
622:
619:
617:
616:John Randolph
614:
610:
607:
604:
602:
600:
598:
595:
593:
590:
589:
586:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
571:
570:
567:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
552:
551:
548:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
533:
529:
526:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
511:
510:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
496:
493:
492:
489:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
474:
473:
470:
468:
466:
464:
462:
459:
457:Gordon Cloyd
456:
452:
449:
447:
445:
442:
440:
437:
434:
433:
430:
428:
426:
424:
422:
419:
416:
415:
412:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
397:
396:
393:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
378:
374:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
352:
351:
348:
339:
337:
332:
328:
323:
316:
312:
299:
294:
287:
282:
276:
269:
264:
258:
257:John Marshall
251:
246:
240:
239:John Randolph
233:
228:
227:
226:
224:
220:
215:
213:
209:
206:
205:John Marshall
201:
196:
192:
184:
180:
171:
167:
163:
152:
147:
145:
140:
138:
133:
132:
130:
129:
126:
116:
115:
110:
109:
105:
101:
97:
92:
90:
87:
85:
82:
80:
77:
75:
72:
70:
69:
65:
64:
63:
62:
59:
56:
55:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
26:
25:George Catlin
22:
18:
2872:
2846:
2842:
2819:
2800:
2781:
2760:
2752:Bibliography
2738:
2713:
2709:
2699:
2687:
2675:
2670:, p. 173–174
2663:
2656:Andrews 1937
2651:
2644:Gutzman 2007
2639:
2627:
2615:
2608:Gutzman 2007
2603:
2596:Gutzman 2007
2591:
2579:
2567:
2468:
2374:James Monroe
2038:John Macrae
1836:King William
1812:Spotsylvania
1416:John Laidley
1374:John Baxter
1194:Chesterfield
1173:Chesterfield
1152:Chesterfield
1084:Charles City
557:Pittsylvania
345:
324:
320:
278:Conservative
242:Conservative
216:
210:
191:James Monroe
188:
168:
164:
160:
94:
66:
31:
29:
20:
2849:(2): 1–26.
2622:, pp. 65–66
2254:U.S. Judge
2222:Elisha Boyd
2016:John Scott
1962:King George
1041:Northampton
1016:Northampton
849:Southampton
830:Greensville
811:Southampton
790:Southampton
766:Mechlenburg
745:Mecklenburg
538:Cheserfield
2908:Categories
2770:B0006E942K
2716:(1): 4–5.
2680:Shade 1996
2632:Shade 1996
2620:Shade 1996
2586:, p. 62–64
2584:Shade 1996
2574:, p. 57–61
2572:Shade 1996
2559:References
2166:Shenandoah
2147:Shenandoah
2129:Rockingham
2107:Rockingham
1831:John Roane
1638:Rockbridge
1551:Monongalia
1504:Monongalia
1378:Pocahontas
1338:Greenbrier
1079:John Tyler
461:Montgomery
439:Washington
421:Washington
42:, held in
2863:211648744
2730:211648744
2457:Districts
2355:Jefferson
2336:Jefferson
2325:Resigned
2315:Jefferson
2294:Frederick
2271:Frederick
2206:Hampshire
2184:Hampshire
1941:Lancaster
1683:Albemarle
1662:Goochland
1617:Pendleton
1457:Adam See
1359:Botetourt
1284:Resigned
1222:Governor
922:Resigned
892:Nansemond
725:Brunswick
706:Dinwiddie
621:Charlotte
356:Delegate
353:District
342:Delegates
2780:(2007).
2694:, p. 173
2658:, p. 430
2646:, p. 188
2634:, pp. 65
2547:See also
2250:Berkeley
2227:Berkeley
2086:Culpeper
2064:Fauquier
2042:Fauquier
2020:Fauquier
2001:Culpeper
1857:Caroline
1461:Randolph
1400:Harrison
1293:Campbell
1256:Campbell
1130:New Kent
997:Accomack
976:Accomack
383:Tazewell
334:protégé
306:Outcomes
260:Reformer
104:Politics
93:Topics:
44:Richmond
40:Virginia
2682:, p. 64
2441:Loudoun
2422:Fairfax
2401:Loudoun
2379:Loudoun
1876:Hanover
1704:Amherst
1596:Augusta
1574:Augusta
1442:Kanawha
1274:Bedford
1237:Bedford
661:Halifax
642:Halifax
597:Patrick
516:Grayson
359:County
315:Capitol
108:Slavery
68:By year
2880:
2861:
2826:
2807:
2788:
2768:
2728:
1790:Louisa
1768:Orange
1747:Orange
1723:Nelson
1525:Brooke
1485:Brooke
1421:Cabell
1317:Monroe
1218:Amelia
371:Notes
100:Cities
2859:S2CID
2726:S2CID
1929:Died
1897:Essex
1027:Died
576:Henry
498:Wythe
479:Giles
36:state
23:, by
2878:ISBN
2824:ISBN
2805:ISBN
2786:ISBN
2766:ASIN
296:for
30:The
2851:doi
2718:doi
2370:24
2285:23
2199:22
2122:21
2035:20
1934:19
1827:18
1738:17
1653:16
1565:15
1476:14
1393:13
1308:12
1209:11
1121:10
402:Lee
38:of
2910::
2857:.
2847:13
2845:.
2841:.
2724:.
2714:13
2712:.
2708:.
1032:9
948:8
863:7
781:6
697:5
612:4
531:3
454:2
376:1
338:.
2886:.
2865:.
2853::
2832:.
2813:.
2794:.
2772:.
2732:.
2720::
150:e
143:t
136:v
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