Ganesha - Knowledge

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between 973 and 1200 by Paul Martin-Dubost, and another similar statue is dated 12th century by Pratapaditya Pal. Ganesha has the head of an elephant and a big belly. This statue has four arms, which is common in depictions of Ganesha. He holds his own broken tusk in his lower-right hand and holds a delicacy, which he samples with his trunk, in his lower-left hand. The motif of Ganesha turning his trunk sharply to his left to taste a sweet in his lower-left hand is a particularly archaic feature. A more primitive statue in one of the

1137: 2630: 1874: 1571: 2022: 9677: 3104: 10086: 2887: 10114: 2496: 2806:) asked Ganesha to serve as his scribe to transcribe the poem as he dictated it to him. Ganesha agreed but only on the condition that Vyasa recites the poem uninterrupted, that is, without pausing. The sage agreed but found that to get any rest he needed to recite very complex passages so Ganesha would have to ask for clarifications. The story is not accepted as part of the original text by the editors of the critical edition of the 10148: 3111: 1247: 10165: 3005:—and their dating relative to one another—has sparked academic debate. Both works were developed over time and contain age-layered strata. Anita Thapan reviews comment about dating and provide her own judgment. "It seems likely that the core of the Ganesha Purana appeared around the twelfth and thirteenth centuries", she says, "but was later interpolated." Lawrence W. Preston considers the most reasonable date for the 9087: 10062: 2771:) and holding a corn-sheaf, a sugar cane, and a club, is so characteristic of the Puranic Ganapati that Heras says "we cannot resist to accept his full identification with this Vedic Dantin". However, Krishan considers these hymns to be post-Vedic additions. Thapan reports that these passages are "generally considered to have been interpolated". Dhavalikar says, "the references to the elephant-headed deity in the 975: 10074: 10131: 3093: 1756: 2968: 2090: 3347:. Jain ties with the trading community support the idea that Jainism took up Ganesha worship as a result of commercial connections and influence of Hinduism. The earliest known Jain Ganesha statue dates to about the 9th century. A 15th-century Jain text lists procedures for the installation of its images. Images of Ganesha appear in some Jain temples of Rajasthan and Gujarat. 1493:, the Lord of Obstacles, both of a material and spiritual order. He is popularly worshipped as a remover of obstacles, though traditionally he also places obstacles in the path of those who need to be checked. Hence, he is often worshipped by the people before they begin anything new. Paul Courtright says that Ganesha's 993:. Unlike those of some deities, representations of Ganesha show wide variations and distinct patterns changing over time. He may be portrayed standing, dancing, heroically taking action against demons, playing with his family as a boy, sitting down on an elevated seat, or engaging in a range of contemporary situations. 2810:, in which the twenty-line story is relegated to a footnote in an appendix. The story of Ganesha acting as the scribe occurs in 37 of the 59 manuscripts consulted during the preparation of the critical edition. Ganesha's association with mental agility and learning is one reason he is shown as scribe for 3161:

Ganesha was particularly worshipped by traders and merchants, who went out of India for commercial ventures. From approximately the 10th century onwards, new networks of exchange developed including the formation of trade guilds and a resurgence of money circulation. During this time, Ganesha became

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corpus. Brown notes while the Puranas "defy precise chronological ordering", the more detailed narratives of Ganesha's life are in the late texts, c. 600–1300. Yuvraj Krishan says that the Puranic myths about the birth of Ganesha and how he acquired an elephant's head are in the later Puranas, which

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religion from the Dravidian or aboriginal populations of India as part of the process that produced Hinduism out of the interactions of the Aryan and non-Aryan populations. There is no independent evidence for an elephant cult or a totem; nor is there any archaeological data pointing to a tradition

2459:. Other recent discoveries, such as one from Ramgarh Hill, are also dated to the 4th or 5th century. An independent cult with Ganesha as the primary deity was well established by about the 10th century. Narain summarises the lack of evidence about Ganesha's history before the 5th century as follows: 2410:

coins from the 1st century BCE has been proposed by some scholars to be "incipient Ganesha", but this has been strongly contested. Others have suggested Ganesha may have been an emerging deity in India and southeast Asia around the 2nd century CE based on the evidence from archaeological excavations

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Ganesha is worshipped on many religious and secular occasions; especially at the beginning of ventures such as buying a vehicle or starting a business. K.N Soumyaji says, "there can hardly be a home which does not house an idol of Ganapati. ... Ganapati, being the most popular deity in India,

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beheaded him when Ganesha came between Shiva and Parvati. Shiva then replaced Ganesha's original head with that of an elephant. Details of the battle and where the replacement head came from vary from source to source. Another story says that Ganesha was created directly by Shiva's laughter. Because

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which deal with Ganesha. In these texts, which are Indian texts preserved in Tibetan translation, Ganapati is depicted as a wealth deity which can also grant worldly pleasures like sex and food. He is also depicted as a protector from negative forces, demons, and sickness. In these tantric Buddhist

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What is inscrutable is the somewhat dramatic appearance of Gaṇeśa on the historical scene. His antecedents are not clear. His wide acceptance and popularity, which transcend sectarian and territorial limits, are indeed amazing. On the one hand, there is the pious belief of the orthodox devotees in

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by the 6th century. The 13th century statue pictured is typical of Ganesha statuary from 900 to 1200, after Ganesha had been well-established as an independent deity with his own sect. This example features some of Ganesha's common iconographic elements. A virtually identical statue has been dated

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The influence of this old constellation of iconographic elements can still be seen in contemporary representations of Ganesha. In one modern form, the only variation from these old elements is that the lower-right hand does not hold the broken tusk but is turned towards the viewer in a gesture of

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The number of Ganesha's arms varies; his best-known forms have between two and sixteen arms. Many depictions of Ganesha feature four arms, which is mentioned in Puranic sources and codified as a standard form in some iconographic texts. His earliest images had two arms. Forms with 14 and 20 arms

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Ganesha appeared in his classic form as a clearly-recognizable deity with well-defined iconographic attributes in the early 4th to 5th centuries CE. Some of the earliest known Ganesha images include two images found in eastern Afghanistan. The first image was discovered in the ruins north of

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is an active noun that is variously translated as intelligence, wisdom, or intellect. The concept of buddhi is closely associated with the personality of Ganesha, especially in the Puranic period, when many stories stress his cleverness and love of intelligence. One of Ganesha's names in the

1063:, has five elephant heads, and other less-common variations in the number of heads are known. While some texts say that Ganesha was born with an elephant head, he acquires the head later in most stories. The most recurrent motif in these stories is that Ganesha was created by 2119:). As the god of transitions, he is placed at the doorway of many Hindu temples to keep out the unworthy, which is analogous to his role as Parvati's doorkeeper. In addition, several shrines are dedicated to Ganesha himself, of which the Ashtavinayak (Sanskrit: अष्टविनायक; 2033:

An annual festival honours Ganesha for ten days, starting on Ganesha Chaturthi, which typically falls in late August or early September. The festival begins with people bringing in clay idols of Ganesha, symbolising the god's visit. The festival culminates on the day of

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tradition.... These historical locations are intriguing to be sure, but the fact remains that they are all speculations, variations on the Dravidian hypothesis, which argues that anything not attested to in the Vedic and Indo-European sources must have come into

3224:, Afghanistan had close cultural ties with India, and the adoration of both Hindu and Buddhist deities was practised. Examples of sculptures from the 5th to the 7th centuries have survived, suggesting that the worship of Ganesha was then in vogue in the region. 1351:. Martin-Dubost says that the rat began to appear as the principal vehicle in sculptures of Ganesha in central and western India during the 7th century; the rat was always placed close to his feet. The mouse as a mount first appears in written sources in the 1752:, Skanda was an important martial deity from about 500 BCE to about 600 CE, after which worship of him declined significantly. As Skanda fell, Ganesha rose. Several stories tell of sibling rivalry between the brothers and may reflect sectarian tensions. 3048:

Puranas) which deal at length with Ganesha. While the kernel of the text must be old, it was interpolated until the 17th and 18th centuries as the worship of Ganapati became more important in certain regions. Another highly regarded scripture in the

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Ganesha is a non-sectarian deity. Hindus of all denominations invoke him at the beginning of prayers, important undertakings, and religious ceremonies. Dancers and musicians, particularly in southern India, begin art performances such as the

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Among the Indonesian, who predominantly profess Muslim faith, Ganesha is not worshipped, but seen as a symbol of knowledge, wisdom and education. Many Indonesian public universities feature Ganesha's likeness in their grounds or logo.

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concentrate on an unexpectedly limited number of incidents. These incidents are mainly three: his birth and parenthood, his elephant head, and his single tusk. Other incidents are touched on in the texts, but to a far lesser

942:. The earliest images and mention lists Ganesha as a major deity in present-day Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam dating to the 7th and 8th centuries, and these mirror Indian examples of the 5th century or earlier. In 2673:, according to commentators. While this verse doubtless refers to Brahmanaspati, it was later adopted for worship of Ganesha and is still used today. In rejecting any claim that this passage is evidence of Ganesha in the 2899:

were composed of c. 600 onwards. He elaborates on the matter to say that references to Ganesha in the earlier Puranas, such as the Vayu and Brahmanda Puranas, are later interpolations made during the 7th-10th centuries.

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by the 6th century, states Brown, and his artistic images in temple setting as "remover of obstacles" in South Asia appear by about 400 CE. He is, states Bailey, recognised as goddess Parvati's son and integrated into

1748:, who is also called Skanda and Murugan. Regional differences dictate the order of their births. In northern India, Skanda is generally said to be the elder, while in the south, Ganesha is considered the firstborn. In 1410:

as well as desire". Along these lines, Michael Wilcockson says it symbolises those who wish to overcome desires and be less selfish. Krishan notes that the rat is destructive and a menace to crops. The Sanskrit word

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Ganesha is often described as red in colour. Specific colours are associated with certain forms. Many examples of color associations with specific meditation forms are prescribed in the Sritattvanidhi, a treatise on

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Ganesha is mentioned in Hindu texts between the 1st century BCE and 2nd century CE, and a few Ganesh images from the 4th and 5th centuries CE have been documented by scholars. Hindu texts identify him as the son of

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Ganesha has been represented with the head of an elephant since the early stages of his appearance in Indian art. Puranic myths provide many explanations for how he got his elephant head. One of his popular forms,

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Parvati, in another he appeared mysteriously and was discovered by Shiva and Parvati or he was born from the elephant headed goddess Malini after she drank Parvati's bath water that had been thrown in the river.

1079:(One Tusked), referring to his single whole tusk, the other being broken. Some of the earliest images of Ganesha show him holding his broken tusk. The importance of this distinctive feature is reflected in the 445:

of intellect and wisdom. As the god of beginnings, he is honoured at the start of rites and ceremonies. Ganesha is also invoked during writing sessions as a patron of letters and learning. Several texts relate

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is Ekadanta. Ganesha's protruding belly appears as a distinctive attribute in his earliest statuary, which dates to the Gupta period (4th to 6th centuries). This feature is so important that according to the

3539:, although among the latest deities to be admitted to the Brahmanic pantheon, was, and still is, the most universally adored of all the Hindu gods and his image is found in practically every part of India." 3302:

Today in Buddhist Thailand, Ganesha is also regarded as a remover of obstacles, and as the god of success. Thailand regards Ganesha mainly as the god of arts and academics. The belief was initiated by King

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Krishan notes that some of Ganesha's names reflect shadings of multiple roles that have evolved over time. Dhavalikar ascribes the quick ascension of Ganesha in the Hindu pantheon, and the emergence of the

2056:. Because of Ganesha's wide appeal as "the god for Everyman", Tilak chose him as a rallying point for Indian protest against British rule. Tilak was the first to install large public images of Ganesha in 2605:

and in Buddhist Tantras. Krishan is one of the academics who accept this view, stating flatly of Ganesha, "He is a non-Vedic god. His origin is to be traced to the four Vināyakas, evil spirits, of the

4618:. Miniature of Nurpur school, circa 1810. Museum of Chandigarh. For this image see: Martin-Dubost (1997), p. 64, which describes it as follows: "On a terrace leaning against a thick white bolster, 3824: 1683:

at the base of the spine ." Thus, Ganesha has a permanent abode in every being at the Muladhara. Ganesha holds, supports and guides all other chakras, thereby "governing the forces that propel the

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Thapan's book on the development of Ganesha devotes a chapter to speculations about the role elephants had in early India but concludes that "although by the second century CE the elephant-headed

1865:, the goddess of satisfaction. This story has no Puranic basis, but Anita Raina Thapan and Lawrence Cohen cite Santoshi Ma's cult as evidence of Ganesha's continuing evolution as a popular deity. 2579:. Brown notes that this seal indicates the sacredness of elephants before Vedic period. One theory of the origin of Ganesha is that he gradually came to prominence in connection with the four 1673:

means "base, foundation". The muladhara chakra is the principle on which the manifestation or outward expansion of primordial Divine Force rests. This association is also attested to in the

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with this general form has been dated to the 7th century. Details of the other hands are difficult to make out on the statue shown. In the standard configuration, Ganesha typically holds an

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and took their culture, including Ganesha, with them. Statues of Ganesha are found throughout the region, often beside Shiva sanctuaries. The forms of Ganesha found in the Hindu art of the

2945:. Adi Shankara instituted the tradition primarily to unite the principal deities of these five major sects on an equal status. This formalised the role of Ganesha as a complementary deity. 1439:(village deity) who later rose to greater prominence. Martin-Dubost notes a view that the rat is a symbol suggesting that Ganesha, like the rat, penetrates even the most secret places. 2419:. These figures are small, with an elephant head, two arms, and chubby physique. The earliest Ganesha icons in stone were carved in Mathura during Kushan times (2nd–3rd centuries CE). 1889:

is worshipped by almost all castes and in all parts of the country". Devotees believe that if Ganesha is propitiated, he grants success, prosperity and protection against adversity.

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Today, Hindus across India celebrate the Ganapati festival with great fervour, though it is most popular in the state of Maharashtra. The festival also assumes huge proportions in

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is seated on a bed of pink lotus petals arranged on a low seat to the back of which is fixed a parasol. The elephant-faced god, with his body entirely red, is dressed in a yellow

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Courtright reviews various speculative theories about the early history of Ganesha, including supposed tribal traditions and animal cults, and dismisses all of them in this way:

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Commercial and cultural contacts extended India's influence in Western and Southeast Asia. Ganesha is one of a number of Hindu deities who consequently reached foreign lands.

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The evidence for more ancient Ganesha, suggests Narain, may reside outside Brahmanic or Sanskritic traditions, or outside geocultural boundaries of India. Ganesha appears in

2451:. This is dated to the 5th century. An early iconic image of Ganesha with elephant head, a bowl of sweets and a goddess sitting in his lap has been found in the ruins of the 5729:

This work is reproduced and described in Martin-Dubost (1997), p. 51, which describes it as follows: "This square shaped miniature shows us in a Himalayan landscape the god

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show specific regional influences. The spread of Hindu culture throughout Southeast Asia established Ganesha worship in modified forms in Burma, Cambodia, and Thailand. In

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where he focused on his academic and literary works. His personal belief regarding Ganesha as the god of arts formally became prominent following the establishment of the

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were a group of four troublesome demons who created obstacles and difficulties but who were easily propitiated. The name Vināyaka is a common name for Ganesha both in the

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Ganesha's marital status, the subject of considerable scholarly review, varies widely in mythological stories. One pattern of myths identifies Ganesha as an unmarried

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were practised side by side, and mutual influences can be seen in the iconography of Ganesha in the region. In Thailand, Cambodia, and among the Hindu classes of the

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deity" before the fourth to fifth century A.D. ... n my opinion, indeed there is no convincing evidence of the existence of this divinity prior to the fifth century.

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with four arms with a red body and naked, adorned only with jewels, tiny anklets and a golden chain around his stomach, a necklace of pearls, bracelets and armlets."

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explanations contained in the confusing, but nonetheless interesting, mythology. On the other hand, there are doubts about the existence of the idea and the icon of

1785:(prosperity); these qualities are personified as goddesses, said to be Ganesha's wives. He also may be shown with a single consort or a nameless servant (Sanskrit: 1170:

appeared in Central India during the 9th and the 10th centuries. The serpent is a common feature in Ganesha iconography and appears in many forms. According to the

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Tantra Unveiled: Seducing the Forces of Matter & Spirit By Rajmani Tigunait; Contributor Deborah Willoughby; Published 1999; Himalayan Institute Press; p. 83;

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and the non-Brahmins and find an appropriate context in which to build a new grassroots unity between them" in his nationalistic strivings against the British in

2609:(7th–4th century BCE) who cause various types of evil and suffering". Depictions of elephant-headed human figures, which some identify with Ganesha, appear in 583:, Ganesha's father. The term more generally means a category, class, community, association, or corporation. Some commentators interpret the name "Lord of the 3213:

are among three local governments that include Ganesha in their regency/city official seals. Indonesia is the only country who featured Ganesha on her bill (

4324: 6330:; Edited By Eleanor Zelliot, Maxine Berntsen, pp. 76–94 ("The Ganesh Festival in Maharashtra: Some Observations" by Paul B. Courtright); 1988; SUNY Press; 3814: 9984: 3162:

the principal deity associated with traders. The earliest inscription invoking Ganesha before any other deity is associated with the merchant community.

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can mean "fond of", and in a marital context it can mean "lover" or "husband", so the name may mean either "Fond of Intelligence" or "Buddhi's Husband".

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I.46, v. 5 of the Ganesha Sahasranama section in GP-1993, Sharma edition. It appears in verse 10 of the version as given in the Bhaskararaya commentary.

1773:. This view is common in southern India and parts of northern India. Another popularly-accepted mainstream pattern associates him with the concepts of 9786: 8933: 2718:(3rd century BCE), invokes Ganesha while preparing the invitation to the three Tamil Kingdoms for giving away in marriage of Angavay and Sangavay of 4640:

counts on his rosary in his lower right hand; his two upper hands brandish an axe and an elephant goad; his fourth hand holds the broken left tusk."

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transformed this annual Ganesha festival from private family celebrations into a grand public event. He did so "to bridge the gap between the

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2, 3, 4, 5. Second Revised Edition; Edited and Revised by Ravi Prakash Arya and K. L. Joshi. (Parimal Publications: Delhi, 2001). (Vol. II);

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was the last of the philosophical texts concerned with Ganesha. She bases her reasoning on the fact that, among other internal evidence, the

2044:) are immersed in the most convenient body of water. Some families have a tradition of immersion on the 2nd, 3rd, 5th, or 7th day. In 1893, 5484: 4515: 4358:

Buddha in the Crown : Avalokitesvara in the Buddhist Traditions of Sri Lanka: Avalokitesvara in the Buddhist Traditions of Sri Lanka

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9, 10. Second Revised Edition; Edited and Revised by Ravi Prakash Arya and K.L. Joshi. (Parimal Publications: Delhi, 2001). (Vol. IV);

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A Ganesha-centric Panchayatana: Ganesha (centre) with Shiva (top left), Devi (top right), Vishnu (bottom left) and Surya (bottom right).

2261: 1431:(impediment) that needed to be overcome. According to this theory, showing Ganesha as master of the rat demonstrates his function as 2125:; lit. "eight Ganesha (shrines)") in Maharashtra are particularly well known. Located within a 100-kilometer radius of the city of 3260:

Ganapati, was popular in northern India, later adopted in Nepal, and then in Tibet. In Nepal, the Hindu form of Ganesha, known as

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have been proven to be very late interpolations, and thus are not very helpful for determining the early formation of the deity".

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when associated with Ganesha is often taken to refer to the gaṇas, a troop of semi-divine beings that form part of the retinue of

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Ganesha's rise to prominence was codified in the 9th century when he was formally included as one of the five primary deities of

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head and four arms. He is widely revered, more specifically, as the remover of obstacles and bringer of good luck; the patron of

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as early as the 2nd century. According to Ellawala, the elephant-headed Ganesha as lord of the Ganas was known to the people of

9449: 1186:) wrapped around the stomach as a belt, held in a hand, coiled at the ankles, or as a throne. Upon Ganesha's forehead may be a 183: 8926: 8454: 5174: 5147: 3967:हवामहे कविं कवीनामुपमश्रवस्तमम् । ज्येष्ठराजं ब्रह्मणां ब्रह्मणस्पत आ नः शृण्वन्नूतिभिः सीद सादनम् ॥१॥; For translation, see 10220: 5969:, that is, an unmarried deity; but legend gave him two consorts, personifications of Wisdom (Buddhi) and Success (Siddhi)." 4239: 3688:, Vigna means obstacles Nasha means destroy. These ideas are so common that Courtright uses them in the title of his book, 10102: 8595: 2129:, each of the eight shrines celebrates a particular form of Ganapati, complete with its own lore. The eight shrines are: 1029:). The same combination of four arms and attributes occurs in statues of Ganesha dancing, which is a very popular theme. 6027:

For a review of associations with Buddhi, Siddhi, Riddhi, and other figures, and the statement "In short the spouses of

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Wilkinson, Christopher. "The Tantric Ganesa: Text Preserved in the Tibetan Canon." in Brown, Robert L. (editor) (1991)

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For worship of Ganesha by "followers of all sects and denominations, Saivites, Vaisnavites, Buddhists, and Jainas" see

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of the Gangā. Therefore he is said to have two mothers—Pārvati and Gangā and hence called dvaimātura and also Gāngeya."

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Ganesha is worshipped as one of the five principle deities along with Siva, Vishnu, the Sun, Ganesha, and the Goddess.

1465: 3295:, the earliest known stone statue of Ganesha carries an inscription dated to 531. In Japan, where Ganesha is known as 1911:(Om, salutation to the Illustrious Ganesha) are often used. One of the most famous mantras associated with Ganesha is 8823: 8622: 8400: 8113: 2881: 1696: 447: 4416:, for a richly illustrated collection of studies on specific aspects of Ganesha with a focus on art and iconography. 10260: 8919: 4452: 4410:, pp. 87–100, for a survey of iconography with emphasis on developmental themes, well-illustrated with plates. 3066:

is part of the Puranic literature, and is a litany of a thousand names and attributes of Ganesha. Each name in the

2241: 2933:) system among orthodox Brahmins of the Smarta tradition. This worship practice invokes the five deities Ganesha, 1736:

texts give different versions about his birth. In some he was created by Parvati, or by Shiva or created by Shiva

10285: 8757: 5442:, p. 73. For mention of the interpretation that "the rat is 'the animal that finds its way to every place,'" 5007:, p. 202. For the text of a stone inscription dated 1470 identifying Ganesha's sacred thread as the serpent 3320: 2380: 2177: 2134: 5860:

Religious Celebrations: An Encyclopedia of Holidays, Festivals, Solemn Observances, and Spiritual Commemorations

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For history and prevalence of forms with various arms and the four-armed form as one of the standard types see:

10280: 10275: 10270: 7941: 7075: 6965: 6335: 5690: 5621: 2562:. There is no evidence of a deity by this name having an elephant or elephant-headed form at this early stage. 2233: 1675: 1593:(Om is his form), when identified with Ganesha, refers to the notion that he personifies the primal sound. The 1461: 484: 7064:. Sanskrit text, English translation, notes, and index of verses. Parimal Sanskrit Series No. 45. Volume IV: 5121:

Sharma (1993 edition of Ganesha Purana) I.46.15. For the name Bhālacandra appearing in the Ganesha Sahasranama

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to be between 1100 and 1400, which coincides with the apparent age of the sacred sites mentioned by the text.

6954:. Sanskrit text, English translation, notes, and index of verses. Parimal Sanskrit Series No. 45. Volume II: 5588:

Sharma edition, GP-1993 I.46, verses 204–206. The Bailey edition uses a variant text, and where Sharma reads

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of Art that is dated as c. 12th century. Pal shows an example of this form dated c. 13th century on p. viii.

3458:"Ganesha getting ready to throw his lotus. Basohli miniature, circa 1730. National Museum, New Delhi. In the 2575:(c. 2300 BCE - 2000 BCE) depicts 4 animals including an elephant around a deity who is claimed by some to be 1631:

Some devotees see similarities between the shape of Ganesha's body in iconography and the shape of Om in the

1266: 2165: 7564:) becoming "the major deities" in general, and their listing as Shiva, Shakti, Vishnu, Surya, and Ganesha. 6371:, p. 225 For Tilak's role in converting the private family festivals to a public event in support of 4860:

For an iconographic chart showing number of arms and attributes classified by source and named form, see:

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Preston, Lawrence W., "Subregional Religious Centers in the History of Maharashtra: The Sites Sacred to

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The mouse is interpreted in several ways. According to Grimes, "Many, if not most of those who interpret

1038: 809:) (Lord of Obstacles) refers to his primary function in Hinduism as the master and remover of obstacles ( 323: 10120: 2669:, but in neither case does it refer to the modern Ganesha. The term appears in RV 2.23.1 as a title for 10295: 10265: 10052: 8722: 3153: 3128: 2225: 1152: 749:

s and in Buddhist Tantras. This name is reflected in the naming of the eight famous Ganesha temples in

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In this search for a historical origin for Gaṇeśa, some have suggested precise locations outside the

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and a yellow scarf fringed with blue. Two white mice decorated with a pretty golden necklace salute

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throws his lotus at him. Unable to bear the fragrance of the divine flower, the demon surrenders to

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Brown, Robert L. (1987), "A Note on the Recently Discovered Gaṇeśa Image from Palembang, Sumatra",

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explicitly establishes this identification. The description of Dantin, possessing a twisted trunk (

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Shiva considered Ganesha too alluring, he gave him the head of an elephant and a protruding belly.

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and their relationship to the wide geographic dispersion of Ganesha worship, see: Chapter 6, "The

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Catlin, Amy; "Vātāpi Gaṇapatim": Sculptural, Poetic, and Musical Texts in the Hymn to Gaṇeśa" in

3166: 2307:(Vigneshvara) with or without a temple to house it in. At entrances of villages and forts, below 1369:

includes a meditation verse on Ganesha that describes the mouse appearing on his flag. The names

1044: 6077:

and the identification of those goddesses with one another, see: Cohen, Lawrence, "The Wives of

3590:, pp. 175–187. For a review of Ganesha's geographic spread and popularity outside of India. 470:

tradition of Hinduism, Ganesha is the Supreme Being. The principal texts on Ganesha include the

10215: 10210: 9630: 8813: 8392: 8101: 6757: 5488: 3733: 3316: 3280: 2962: 2715: 2130: 1595: 1366: 251: 6641: 5858: 3311:

who was devoted to Ganesha personally. He even built a Ganesha shrine at his personal palace,

1759:

Ganesha with consorts Riddhi and Siddhi (spiritual power), Painting titled "Riddhi Siddhi" by

10290: 10230: 10205: 10137: 9462: 9435: 8615: 7434: 9427: 7090:), sit down among the companies (of the worshippers), they call you the most sage of sages". 6685:"A Unique Early Historic Terracotta Ganesa Image from Pal, District Aurangabad, Maharashtra" 6594:

King Khingala. For photograph of statue and details of inscription, see: Dhavalikar, M.K., "

10255: 10195: 10039: 9397: 9205: 8667: 8001:[Ganesh was not the god of art. King Vajiravudh was the one who made him be one.]. 3324: 3312: 3291:

Ganesha also appears in China and Japan in forms that show distinct regional character. In

422:

worship him regardless of affiliations. Devotion to Ganesha is widely diffused and extends

4992:("Who has a serpent around his neck"), which refers to this standard iconographic element. 4903:

In Jainism" that the presence of only two arms on a Ganesha image points to an early date.

3070:

conveys a different meaning and symbolises a different aspect of Ganesha. Versions of the

2910:

Above all, one cannot help being struck by the fact that the numerous stories surrounding

8: 10240: 9999: 9605: 9320: 9075: 8844: 8818: 8727: 8712: 8465: 7120: 5613: 3233: 3062: 2903: 1700: 1546: 1427:(stealing, robbing). It was essential to subdue the rat as a destructive pest, a type of 1387: 1159: 1143: 867: 419: 214: 9480: 2060:, and he established the practice of submerging all the public images on the tenth day. 10200: 9765: 9625: 9532: 8787: 8334: 7244: 6750: 6623: 6372: 4314: 4037:

out of her bodily impurities but which became endowed with life after immersion in the

3819: 3726: 2407: 2158: 2035: 1599:

attests to this association. Chinmayananda translates the relevant passage as follows:

1402: 875: 6571: 6033:

are the personifications of his powers, manifesting his functional features...", see:

2351:

is invariably seen." Ganesha temples have also been built outside of India, including

9949: 9610: 9258: 8762: 8574: 8516: 8494: 8450: 8432: 8414: 8396: 8372: 8352: 8298: 8271: 8250: 8222: 8199: 8178: 8147: 8128: 8109: 7937: 7071: 6961: 6761: 6331: 5864: 5686: 5617: 5170: 5143: 4362: 4267: 4229: 3767: 3757: 3737: 2930: 2872:

is also believed to be an interpolation and does not appear in the critical edition.

2711:

literature often quotes the Rigvedic verses to give Vedic respectability to Ganesha.

2138: 1972: 1223: 519: 363: 112: 9954: 7352:

Rocher, Ludo "Ganesa's Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature". Brown, pp. 71–72.

5453:"Lord of Removal of Obstacles", a common name, appears in the title of Courtright's 3285: 1531:

Ganesha is considered to be the Lord of letters and learning. In Sanskrit, the word

10190: 10029: 10019: 9645: 9615: 9507: 9190: 8702: 8657: 8608: 8326: 8091: 7122:

Tamil Wisdom; Traditions Concerning Hindu Sages, and Selections from their writings

6653: 4304: 4296: 3910:

is interpreted in this metaphysical sense by Bhāskararāya in his commentary on the

3276: 2821: 2364: 2173: 2026: 1964: 1857: 1840:(profit). In northern Indian variants of this story, the sons are often said to be 1717: 1523:(obstacle-averter). However, both functions continue to be vital to his character. 1486: 1206:

mark as well as a crescent moon on the forehead. A distinct form of Ganesha called

1136: 1112: 1021:) in the other upper arm. In rare instances, he may be depicted with a human head. 1014: 947: 915: 897: 760: 430: 270: 162: 39: 5720:

7. 'You have a permanent abode (in every being) at the place called "Muladhara"'..

4891:, p. 89, For two-armed forms as an earlier development than four-armed forms. 4397:, for a comprehensive review of iconography abundantly illustrated with pictures. 1178:

around his neck. Other depictions of snakes include use as a sacred thread (IAST:

10090: 10078: 9989: 9974: 9688: 9537: 9416: 9145: 9130: 8954: 8890: 8539:

Gaṇeśasahasranāmastotram: mūla evaṁ srībhāskararāyakṛta 'khadyota' vārtika sahita

8386: 8366: 8346: 8265: 8172: 8105: 8095: 7998: 6399:, p. 9. For Ganesha's appeal as "the god for Everyman" as a motivation for Tilak. 5361:

Gaṇeśasahasranāmastotram: mūla evaṁ srībhāskararāyakṛta 'khadyota' vārtika sahita

5164: 5137: 4721:

For creation of Ganesha from Shiva's laughter and subsequent curse by Shiva, see

4356: 4261: 3960: 3761: 3343:, for whom he appears to have taken over certain functions of the god of wealth, 3267:

Ganapati (also known as Vinayaka in Buddhism) was adopted as a deity into Indian

3139:(clockwise from top) Ganesha in Tibet (as Maharakta), Nepal, Thailand, Japan (as 2976: 2629: 2590: 2444: 2416: 2193: 1760: 589:" to mean "Lord of Hosts" or "Lord of created categories", such as the elements. 442: 403: 96: 8426: 8270:, SUNY Series in Religious Studies, Albany: State University of New York Press, 6704: 6702: 6700: 6698: 3339:

does not mention the worship of Ganesha. However, Ganesha is worshipped by some

2820:

in this interpolation. Richard L. Brown dates the story to the 8th century, and

2172:, Binkhambi Ganesh mandir in Kolhapur, Jai Vinayak temple in Jaigad, Ratnagiri, 1946:. Because of his identification with the color red, he is often worshipped with 9600: 9579: 9512: 9044: 8808: 8803: 8707: 8127:(Fourth revised and enlarged ed.). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. 7632:

For a review of major differences of opinions between scholars on dating, see:

5322: 4959: 4949: 4845:, p. 200, For a description of how a variant of this story is used in the 4263:

The Lovelorn Ghost and the Magical Monk: Practicing Buddhism in Modern Thailand

3308: 3210: 2958: 2954: 2614: 2572: 2452: 2448: 2440: 2386: 2352: 2237: 2229: 2181: 2097:

In Hindu temples, Ganesha is depicted in various ways: as a subordinate deity (

2045: 1992: 1947: 1679:. Courtright translates this passage as follows: "You continually dwell in the 1648: 1636: 1540: 1175: 1081: 979: 829: 821: 478: 472: 274: 245: 239: 108: 4098:

These ideas are so common that Courtright uses them in the title of his book,

3994:

vināyako vighnarājadvaimāturagaṇādhipāḥ – apyekadantaherambalambodaragajānanāḥ

1873: 1793:). Another pattern connects Ganesha with the goddess of culture and the arts, 10184: 9964: 9919: 9655: 9569: 9522: 9381: 8942: 8744: 8652: 8418: 8191: 6695: 4038: 3381: 2670: 2415:

images of Ganesha are from 1st century CE found in Ter, Pal, Verrapuram, and

2269: 2253: 2221: 1862: 1684: 1680: 1353: 1102:(Great Belly). Both names are Sanskrit compounds describing his belly (IAST: 639:, it is uncertain that the Vedic term referred specifically to Ganesha. The 466:

tradition, but he is a pan-Hindu god found in its various traditions. In the

407: 171: 124: 7385:

were consulted for the reconstruction of the critical edition. The story of

6657: 4223: 3596:, pp. 37–38, For discussion of the spread of Ganesha worship to Nepal, 2824:

concludes that it was known as early as c. 900, but it was not added to the

10066: 9883: 9879: 9858: 9650: 9620: 9595: 9574: 9564: 9548: 9527: 8767: 8672: 8647: 6917:

For a discussion of early depiction of elephant-headed figures in art, see

6614:

Dhavalikar, M. K. (1971), "A Note on Two Gaṇeśa Statues from Afghanistan",

6008:

For discussion on celibacy of Ganesha, see: Cohen, Lawrence, "The Wives of

5374: 3284:

sources, Ganesha is generally presented as an emanation of the Bodhisattva

2926: 2787: 2761:). These names are suggestive of Ganesha, and the 14th-century commentator 2456: 2289: 2164:

There are many other important Ganesha temples at the following locations:

2142: 2084: 2021: 1894: 1824: 1769: 1570: 1049: 1002: 938:

is Khanet (can be transliterated as Ganet), or the more official title of

755: 703:(one who has a pot belly, or, literally, one who has a hanging belly), and 335: 30:"Vinayaka", "Ganapati", and "Lambodara" redirect here. For other uses, see 9086: 8911: 8557: 8544: 8537: 8530: 8509: 8468: 8312: 8214: 7684: 7665: 7646: 7610: 7604: 7558: 7544: 7537: 7513: 7470: 7438: 7428: 7422: 7393: 7386: 7379: 7362: 7332: 7323: 7317: 7300: 7212: 7206: 7200: 7193: 7185: 7169: 7163: 7148: 7142: 7136: 7100: 7079: 7065: 7058: 7038: 7023: 7013: 6975: 6969: 6955: 6948: 6595: 6585: 6445: 6412: 6309: 6303: 6157: 6135: 6116: 6097: 6078: 6055: 6048: 6028: 6009: 5991: 5984: 5977: 5964: 5958: 5933: 5823: 5781: 5754: 5748: 5742: 5736: 5730: 5522: 5455: 5433: 5372: 5366: 5359: 5352: 5258: 5249: 5063: 5051: 5021: 5008: 4987: 4981: 4975: 4963: 4898: 4799: 4763: 4635: 4629: 4619: 4613: 4401: 4192: 4160: 4152: 4145: 4138: 4130: 4123: 4079: 4032: 4024: 4005: 3992: 3986: 3923: 3917: 3911: 3873: 3846: 3795: 3788: 3702: 3643: 3534: 3528: 3516: 3477: 3471: 3465: 3459: 3255: 3249: 3243: 2911: 2862: 2854: 2846: 2838: 2828:

some 150 years later. Winternitz also notes that a distinctive feature in

2811: 2801: 2773: 2766: 2756: 2750: 2743: 2735: 2698: 2684: 2678: 2657: 2600: 2594: 2584: 2563: 2557: 2550: 2539: 2533: 2526: 2519: 2465: 2345: 2337: 2329: 2321: 2309: 2301: 2120: 2114: 2107: 2099: 2001: 1978: 1957: 1951: 1940: 1922: 1914: 1904: 1847: 1841: 1835: 1829: 1798: 1787: 1660: 1587: 1517: 1509: 1502: 1421: 1413: 1403: 1395: 1379: 1371: 1302: 1212: 1191: 1180: 1122: 1116:

says that Ganesha has the name Lambodara because all the universes (i.e.,

1104: 923: 811: 803: 785: 768: 744: 733: 709: 675: 667: 655: 619: 611: 600: 584: 570: 560: 532: 376: 172: 163: 154: 139: 10024: 9994: 9979: 9676: 9640: 9584: 9491: 9458: 9374: 9349: 9290: 9064: 8946: 7341:, pp. 56–57. For Dhavilkar's views on Ganesha's in early Literature. 6893: 6591: 6253:

applies to all regional varieties of cakes or sweets offered to Ganesha.

4937:, pp. 50–53, For an overview of snake images in Ganesha iconography. 3721: 3292: 3194: 3170: 3067: 2829: 2792: 2783: 2639: 2395: 2299:

T. A. Gopinatha notes, "Every village however small has its own image of

2169: 2053: 1804: 1749: 1086: 750: 233: 62: 7248: 7099:

For use of RV verses in recent Ganapatya literature, see Rocher, Ludo. "

6627: 5521:

For Dhavilkar's views on Ganesha's shifting role, see Dhavalikar, M.K. "

3815:"Lord Ganesha – Symbolic description of Lord Ganesha | – Times of India" 3103: 1452: 9802: 9781: 9754: 9726: 9559: 9542: 9517: 9502: 9496: 9356: 9285: 8999: 8467:

The Nāmalingānuśāsana (Amarakosha) of Amarasimha: with the Commentary (

8338: 6752:

The Living Elephants: Evolutionary Ecology, Behaviour, and Conservation

6431:

For Ganesh Chaturthi as the most popular festival in Maharashtra, see:

4442:, p. 213. In the upper right corner, the statue is dated as (973–1200). 4318: 3304: 2723: 2690: 2610: 2412: 2316: 2265: 2257: 2245: 1987: 1878: 1861:

shows Ganesha married to Riddhi and Siddhi and having a daughter named

1853: 1632: 990: 641: 10154: 6318:)., "Festivals and Sacred Days", in: Bhattacharyya, volume IV, p. 483. 5092:

as prescribing the crescent for decoration of the forehead of Ganesha

4931:, p. 202, For an overview of snake images in Ganesha iconography. 4309: 4085:

sites and a description of pilgrimage practices related to them, see:

3664:

India - Mahabharata. Fulbright-Hays Summer Seminar Abroad 1994 (India)

2886: 1435:(Lord of Obstacles) and gives evidence of his possible role as a folk 429:

Although Ganesha has many attributes, he is readily identified by his

9939: 9899: 9731: 9665: 9635: 9589: 9476: 9344: 9275: 9165: 9108: 9024: 8869: 8849: 8697: 6689:

Kala, the Journal of Indian Art History Congress, Vol XI. (2006–2007)

6074: 4520: 3601: 3385: 3268: 3197:

in Vietnam, Ganesha was mainly thought of as a remover of obstacles.

3186: 2983: 2730: 2708: 2634: 2618: 2580: 2508: 2500: 2293: 2285: 2224:. Prominent Ganesha temples in southern India include the following: 2197: 1794: 1745: 1656: 1321: 1187: 1117: 983: 963: 943: 885:

might have originally meant "the young of the elephant", because the

625:, meaning "ruler" or "lord". Though the earliest mention of the word 411: 312: 210: 104: 66: 9924: 8330: 6865:

Rocher, Ludo. "Gaṇeśa's Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature".

6115:

For discussion of the Kala Bou, see: Cohen, Lawrence, "The Wives of

5774:, pp. 7–14. For a summary of Puranic variants of birth stories. 5402:

A Student's Guide to AS Religious Studies for the OCR Specification,

4897:, p. 103 Maruti Nandan Tiwari and Kamal Giri say in "Images of 4490: 4300: 3642:

For Ganesha's role as an eliminator of obstacles, see commentary on

2495: 1365:, where Ganesha uses it as his vehicle in his last incarnation. The 496:

Ganesha has been ascribed many other titles and epithets, including

10085: 10009: 10004: 9934: 9929: 9685: 9486: 9411: 9367: 9339: 9309: 9295: 9215: 9175: 9160: 9019: 8962: 8885: 8854: 8777: 8732: 7298:, pp. 12–15. For arguments documenting interpolation into the 7232: 6684: 5716:, p. 127, In Chinmayananda's numbering system this is part of 4451:

Pal, p. vi. The picture on this page depicts a stone statue in the

3597: 3391: 3296: 3239: 3217:, between 1998 and 2008), although it is no longer in circulation. 3206: 3190: 3144: 3140: 3110: 2922: 2665: 2484: 2217: 2150: 1337: 1333: 1246: 935: 871: 716: 463: 434: 351: 188: 10171: 6134:

For statement regarding sons, see: Cohen, Lawrence, "The Wives of

6096:

For associations with Lakshmi see: Cohen, Lawrence, "The Wives of

3092: 1807:). He is also associated with the goddess of luck and prosperity, 1619:. You are fire and air . You are the sun and the moon . You are 10014: 9720: 9660: 9554: 9361: 9334: 9195: 9170: 9150: 9118: 9113: 9103: 9029: 9009: 8994: 8989: 8864: 8662: 5102:

I.14, which includes a meditation form with the moon on forehead.

3953: 3340: 3336: 3261: 2972: 2895: 2213: 2185: 2049: 1882: 1816: 1808: 1733: 1729: 1713: 1620: 1554:. This name also appears in a list of 21 names at the end of the 1341: 1064: 1059: 1006: 695: 635: 455: 438: 298: 206: 153: 100: 81: 5780:, pp. 41–82. Chapter 2, "Stories of Birth According to the 974: 9711: 9701: 9696: 9305: 9300: 9265: 9253: 9243: 9210: 9200: 9135: 9054: 9034: 8972: 8967: 7086: 6731: 6729: 5388:

For a review of different interpretations, and quotation, see:

3344: 3202: 3182: 2934: 2762: 2719: 2436: 2391: 2273: 2209: 2205: 2189: 2064: 2057: 2009: 1977: 1898: 1812: 1652: 1624: 1608: 1604: 1579: 1533: 1285: 1262: 1251: 1226:. For example, white is associated with his representations as 1193: 1094:, two different incarnations of Ganesha use names based on it: 959: 955: 331: 327: 221: 134: 2335:(Shiva) and also in separate shrines specially constructed in 1218:; "Moon on the Forehead") includes that iconographic element. 10096: 9716: 9457: 9329: 9248: 9180: 9140: 9125: 9049: 9014: 8977: 8895: 8859: 6584:

The inscription says that this "great and beautiful image of

6328:

The Experience of Hinduism: Essays on Religion in Maharashtra

4625: 4568:

photograph 9, "Ganesh images being taken for immersion", in:

4122:

For Krishan's views on Ganesha's dual nature see his quote: "

3221: 2942: 2797: 2755:), "elephant-faced" (Hastimukha), and "with a curved trunk" ( 2694: 2644: 2576: 2479: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2399: 2356: 2277: 2201: 2040: 1935: 1931: 1725: 1709: 1623:. You are (the three worlds) Bhuloka , Antariksha-loka , and 1616: 1612: 1348: 1329: 1313: 1273: 1068: 1026: 1018: 1010: 997: 580: 459: 415: 292: 226: 196: 8571:

Understanding Gaṇapati: Insights into the Dynamics of a Cult

8551:. Source text with a commentary by Bhāskararāya in Sanskrit. 6971:

gaṇānāṃ tvā gaṇapatiṃ havāmahe kaviṃ kavīnāmupamaśravastamam

6726: 6676: 5656:, p. 127, In Chinmayananda's numbering system, this is 3935: 2435:. It is dated to the 4th century. The second image found in 1755: 1328:. Jain depictions of Ganesha show his vahana variously as a 60:

God of New Beginnings, Wisdom and Luck; Remover of Obstacles

9280: 9220: 9185: 9155: 9095: 9069: 9059: 9039: 8984: 8839: 5635:, pp. 60–70p. discusses Ganesha as "Buddhi's Husband". 5118:, p. 81 For Bhālacandra as a distinct form worshipped. 4578:, p. 25, For two similar statues about to be immersed. 3666:. United States Educational Foundation in India. p. 4. 3489: 3178: 3174: 2938: 2504: 2126: 2068: 1297: 920: 886: 630: 565:), meaning a 'group, multitude, or categorical system' and 555: 527: 514: 371: 8600: 7732: 3916:. See in particular commentary on verse 6 including names 2967: 2089: 1716:

giving a bath to Ganesha. Kangra miniature, 18th century.

1037:

For thirty-two popular iconographic forms of Ganesha, see

846:). A. K. Narain differentiates these terms by saying that 8165:. Calcutta: The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture. 6980:, chief leader of the (heavenly) bands; a sage of sages." 3872:

For the derivation of the name and relationship with the

3057:, was probably composed during the 16th or 17th century. 1497:

and his raison d'être is to create and remove obstacles.

8144:

Ganeśapurāna: Introduction, translation, notes and index

7999:"พระคเณศไม่ใช่เทพศิลปะ รัชกาลที่ 6 ทรงทำให้เป็นเทพศิลปะ" 7963:

pp. 235-274. State University of New Ytrrk Pre'ss,Albany

7720: 6928: 4986:

around the belly and for the name in his sahasranama as

2455:

in Madhya Pradesh, and this is dated to the 5th-century

2071:, and in the surrounding belt of Ashtavinayaka temples. 1938:. He is often shown carrying a bowl of sweets, called a 7866: 4595:, pp. 41–64. For many examples of Ganesha dancing. 1582: 1128:) of the past, present, and future are present in him. 192: 7435:

the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland

7118: 4259: 3890: 3888: 3521:

is often said to be the most worshipped god in India."

1276:(shrew) in five of them, a lion in his incarnation as 1238:

is visualised as blue during meditation in that form.

10050: 7556:, p. 470. Volume VI. For the "five" divinities ( 7081:

ni ṣu sīda gaṇapate gaṇeṣu tvāmāhurvipratamaṃ kavīnām

6798: 6410:

For Tilak as the first to use large public images in

4601:, p. 183 For the popularity of the dancing form. 4361:. Oxford University Press. pp. 6, 100, 180–181. 1558:

that Ganesha says are especially important. The word

645:, an early Sanskrit lexicon, lists eight synonyms of 7902: 7890: 7878: 7816: 7792: 7377:

For a statement that "Fifty-nine manuscripts of the

6642:"On the so-called earliest representation of Ganesa" 5558: 4336: 3442: 3440: 2860:

that are regarded as interpolations. A reference to

1985:(the fourth day of the waxing moon) in the month of 1968:) and other materials are also used in his worship. 6786: 6774: 6391:

The Legacy of G.S. Ghurye: A Centennial Festschrift

5438:'s Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature", in: 3885: 3264:, is popular; he has five heads and rides a lion. 3242:Buddhism, not only in the form of the Buddhist god 2836:is their omission of this Ganesha legend. The term 2319:) trees ... in a niche ... in temples of 1267:the eight incarnations of Ganesha described in the 8249:(1992 reprint ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. 7653:Images of Maharashtra: A Regional Profile of India 6749: 5932:For a review, see: Cohen, Lawrence. "The Wives of 4732: 4354: 3725: 3482:." For quotation of description of the work, see: 3464:(VII, 70), in order to kill the demon of egotism ( 3425: 3279:pantheon. There are thirty texts contained in the 1724:Though Ganesha is popularly held to be the son of 1347:Ganesha is often shown riding on or attended by a 874:tooth or tusk". Anita Raina Thapan notes that the 7217:'s Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature" in 7105:'s Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature" in 5131: 5129: 3437: 2948: 2902:In his survey of Ganesha's rise to prominence in 2532:prior to what we can already see in place in the 1744:The family includes his brother, the god of war, 1627:. You are Om. (That is to say, You are all this). 1198:), which consists of three horizontal lines. The 1085:, which states that the name of Ganesha's second 743:is a common name for Ganesha that appears in the 10182: 7672:Journal of the Ganganatha Jha Research Institute 7475:and translation as "Creator of Obstacles", see: 7437:(1898:382). Citation provided by Rocher, Ludo. " 5883:For a summary of variant names for Skanda, see: 5257:Maruti Nandan Tiwari and Kamal Giri, "Images of 5019:, p. 92. For the snake as a common type of 4031:, 1999, p. 6): "Pārvati who created an image of 2398:, and once displayed at Dargah Pir Rattan Nath, 2093:The Morgaon temple, the chief Ashtavinyak temple 2007:(fourth day of the waxing moon) in the month of 8488: 8292: 7518:'s Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature". 7443:'s Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature". 7043:'s Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature". 7018:'s Rise to Prominence in Sanskrit Literature". 6054:(servant), see: Cohen, Lawrence, "The Wives of 5957:, p. 33. "According to ancient tradition, 5926: 5896: 5248:, p. 348. For the Ganesha Purana story of 4266:. Columbia University Press. pp. 156–157. 3555: 3495: 3299:, the Ganesha cult was first mentioned in 806. 3254:, he is often shown dancing. This form, called 2749:(10.1), appeal to a deity as "the tusked one" ( 2707:)." However, Rocher notes that the more recent 2556:form exists it cannot be presumed to represent 2487:theology by early centuries of the common era. 996:Ganesha images were prevalent in many parts of 402:, is one of the best-known and most worshipped 5126: 4491:"Adi Vinayaka - The Primordial Form of Ganesh" 4400:Chapter X, "Development of the Iconography of 4100:Ganesha: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings 3963:, Hymn 2.23.1, Wikisource, Quote: गणानां त्वा 3766:. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. 30–31. 3690:Ganesha: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings 2677:, Ludo Rocher says that it "clearly refers to 2105:); as a deity related to the principal deity ( 1098:(Pot Belly, or, literally, Hanging Belly) and 854:means a "noble child". He adds that the words 796: 778: 726: 594: 9443: 8927: 8616: 8564:, Vārānasi: Chowkhambā Sanskrit Series Office 8528: 8384: 8247:Gaṇeśa: A Monograph on the Elephant-Faced God 8190: 8160: 7984: 7972: 7858: 7553: 7456:For interpolations of the term vināyaka see: 7112: 6747: 6315: 6278: 6266: 6254: 5777: 5713: 5653: 5426: 5339: 5327: 5300: 5285: 5201: 5189: 5162: 5004: 4955: 4928: 4914: 4562: 4439: 4394: 4179: 4118: 4116: 3929: 3879: 3607: 3561: 3483: 2929:popularised the "worship of the five forms" ( 2703:', translated "Lord of the companies (of the 2406:An elephant–headed anthropomorphic figure on 929: 905: 8449:. New Delhi: Intellectual Publishing House. 8310: 7316:*Thapan, p. 101. For interpolation into the 7289: 6918: 6896:, Saivism and other Minor Sects. p. 147–148. 6639: 6225: 6183: 5225: 5169:. Franco-Indian Research. pp. 412–416. 4974:, pp. 51–52. For the story of wrapping 4968:around the neck and use of a serpent-throne. 3851:: A Protohistory of the Idea and the Icon". 3661: 3081: 2689:only". Equally clearly, the second passage ( 2624: 2113:); or as the principal deity of the temple ( 1815:region, links Ganesha with the banana tree, 1288:, the divine serpent, in his incarnation as 491: 27:Hindu god of new beginnings, wisdom and luck 8941: 8425:Metcalf, Thomas R.; Metcalf, Barbara Daly, 8022: 8020: 7996: 7936:. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers: p. 76. 7552:Bhattacharyya, S., "Indian Hymnology", in: 5983:or orthodox traditional religious beliefs, 5850: 5695: 5098:, pp. 198–199. For the translation of 2655:The title "Leader of the group" (Sanskrit: 1811:. Another pattern, mainly prevalent in the 841: 9450: 9436: 8934: 8920: 8623: 8609: 8424: 8211: 8198:, Bombay: Central Chinmaya Mission Trust, 7714: 7532: 6816: 6613: 6451: 6346: 5701: 5509: 5371:, 1991). Source text with a commentary by 5135: 4381: 4113: 4107: 2971:8th-century Ganesha statue in Cham Museum 1603:(O Lord Ganapati!) You are (the Trimurti) 1574:Ganesha, Chola period, early 13th century. 1400:'s mouse, do so negatively; it symbolizes 1261:The earliest Ganesha images are without a 553:is a Sanskrit compound, joining the words 414:sect. His depictions are found throughout 75: 8507:Saraswati, Swami Tattvavidananda (2004), 8506: 8388:Gaṇeśa, the Enchanter of the Three Worlds 8351:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 8239:, Colombo: Department of Cultural Affairs 7833: 7831: 7230: 7165:tát púruṣâya vidmahe vakratuṇḍāya dhîmahi 5166:Gaṇeśa, the Enchanter of the Three Worlds 4308: 4092: 4061: 4059: 3662:DeVito, Carole; DeVito, Pasquale (1994). 3649: 3378:For the human-headed form of Ganesha in: 2894:Stories about Ganesha often occur in the 1828:says that Ganesha had begotten two sons: 8325:(4), Artibus Asiae Publishers: 285–301, 8234: 8177:, Albany: State University of New York, 8017: 7368:Vol. 1 Part 2. Critical edition, p. 884. 6934: 6501:"Major Ganesha Temples around the world" 5357:see v. 6. For Ākhuketana see v. 67. In: 3720: 3682: 3586:Chapter XVII, "The Travels Abroad", in: 2966: 2885: 2790:. A late interpolation to the epic poem 2628: 2494: 2390:, a 7th-century marble Ganesha found in 2379: 2088: 2029:during the festival of Ganesha Chaturthi 2020: 1872: 1868: 1754: 1704: 1569: 1526: 1245: 1048:A typical four-armed form. Miniature of 1043: 973: 450:associated with his birth and exploits. 8344: 8219:: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings 8026: 7500: 7476: 7457: 7400: 7295: 6905: 6711:, pp. 19–21, chapter by AK Narain. 6554: 6542: 6463: 6212: 6200: 6034: 5972: 5857:Melton, J. Gordon (13 September 2011). 5681: 5679: 5632: 5460:: Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings 5413: 5239: 5213: 4971: 4934: 4888: 4874: 4407: 4167: 4050: 3756: 3732:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 2256:which is a town named after Ganesha in 1995:(Ganesha's birthday) celebrated on the 1473: 14: 10183: 8568: 8554: 8364: 8293:Khokar, Ashish; Saraswati, S. (2005), 8263: 8141: 8074: 8062: 8050: 8038: 7955: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7828: 7786: 7774: 7738: 7726: 7702: 7633: 7615:tradition and the relationship of the 7600: 7580: 6922: 6859: 6828: 6804: 6525: 6487: 6432: 6419: 6368: 6290: 6237: 6169: 5884: 5856: 5670: 5389: 5245: 5095: 4842: 4476:See photograph 2, "Large Ganesh", in: 4210: 4065: 4056: 4000: 3968: 3941: 3801: 3786:For history of the development of the 3613: 3604:, Java, Bali, Borneo, China, and Japan 2490: 1930:Devotees offer Ganesha sweets such as 1690: 1234:(Ganapati Who Releases from Bondage). 575:), meaning 'lord or master'. The word 9431: 8915: 8604: 8444: 8283: 8244: 8221:, New York: Oxford University Press, 8170: 8083: 7920: 7908: 7896: 7884: 7872: 7852: 7837: 7822: 7810: 7798: 7762: 7750: 7690: 7519: 7488: 7444: 7391:acting as the scribe for writing the 7338: 7274: 7255:from the original on 1 February 2016. 7218: 7125:. London: Wesleyan Conference Office. 7106: 7044: 7028:is a variant name for Brahamanaspati. 7019: 6992: 6866: 6840: 6792: 6780: 6735: 6720: 6708: 6682: 6670: 6601: 6475: 6396: 6362: 6163: 6141: 6122: 6103: 6084: 6061: 6015: 5954: 5939: 5908: 5844: 5841:Brahmavaivarta Purana, Ganesha Khanda 5771: 5753:balances with her left hand the baby 5552: 5540: 5528: 5439: 5279: 5264: 5115: 5081: 5039: 5016: 4894: 4861: 4805: 4786: 4769: 4750: 4738: 4726: 4709: 4697: 4685: 4673: 4661: 4649: 4634:by joining their tiny feet together. 4598: 4547: 4464: 4427: 4342: 4330: 4286: 4242:from the original on 10 February 2010 4198: 4128:has a dual nature; as Vināyaka, as a 3852: 3827:from the original on 15 November 2020 3708: 3676: 3593: 3587: 3567: 3524: 3512: 3446: 3431: 3395: 2370: 2367:), and in several western countries. 1971:Festivals associated with Ganesh are 1578:Ganesha is identified with the Hindu 934:). The widespread name of Ganesha in 914: 10103: 8408: 8161:Bhattacharyya, Haridas, ed. (1956). 8122: 7997:วัฒนะมหาตม์, กิตติ (November 2011). 6998: 6756:. Oxford University Press. pp. 5747:. Seated comfortably on the meadow, 5676: 5564: 5471: 5254:with the peacock mount (GP I.84.2–3) 4822: 4781:"Ganesha in Indian Plastic Art" and 4086: 3894: 3858: 3619: 3350: 2651:to Ganesha, who serves as the scribe 2411:in Mathura and outside India. First 2016: 1927:, Salutation to the Lord of Hosts). 1158:Ganesha in Bronze from 13th century 1032: 820:A prominent name for Ganesha in the 8493:, Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications, 8463: 8371:, New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, 8090: 7946: 7586: 5920: 5485:"Ganesha: The Remover of Obstacles" 5061:) I.46.1. For Ganesa visualized as 4592: 4575: 4569: 4477: 4413: 3982: 2844:is found in some recensions of the 2375: 1464:The central icon of Ganesha at the 1025:protection or fearlessness (Abhaya 24: 8413:, Bombay: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, 8411:Temples and Legends of Maharashtra 2683:—who is the deity of the hymn—and 2538:literature and the iconography of 2464:Gaṇeśa's Vedic origins and in the 2242:Puliakulam Munthi Vinayagar Temple 1466:Dagadusheth Halwai Ganapati temple 1280:, a peacock in his incarnation as 1162:, depicting Ganesha with four arms 978:A 13th-century statue of Ganesha, 546:) is often added before his name. 25: 10307: 10251:Mythological human–animal hybrids 8589: 8573:. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers. 8125:The Practical Sanskrit Dictionary 7535:, p. 163) For Dating of the 7084:; "Lord of the companies (of the 6046:For single consort or a nameless 5604:Practical Sanskrit Dictionary By 5318:Brahmananda Purana Lalitamahatmya 5088:I.14.21–25 and For a citation to 4524:. 10 October 2003. Archived from 2882:Mythological anecdotes of Ganesha 2875: 2729:Two verses in texts belonging to 2168:in Mumbai, Ganpatipule temple at 1697:Mythological anecdotes of Ganesha 1507:, to this shift in emphasis from 1419:(mouse) is derived from the root 1146:, depicting Ganesha with two arms 633:2.23.1 of the 2nd-millennium BCE 10163: 10146: 10129: 10112: 10084: 10072: 10060: 9675: 9085: 8681: 8068: 8056: 8044: 8032: 7990: 7978: 7966: 7926: 7914: 7843: 7804: 7780: 7768: 7756: 7744: 7708: 7696: 7677: 7658: 7639: 7626: 7594: 7569: 7525: 7506: 7494: 7482: 7463: 7450: 7415: 7406: 7399:occurs in 37 manuscripts", see: 7371: 7355: 7346: 7310: 7280: 7268: 7259: 7224: 7177: 7156: 7129: 7093: 7050: 7031: 7006: 6983: 6940: 6911: 6899: 6886: 6874: 6846: 6834: 6822: 6810: 6741: 6714: 6664: 6633: 6607: 6578: 6560: 6548: 6531: 6519: 6493: 6481: 6469: 6457: 6438: 6425: 6404: 6380: 6352: 6340: 6321: 6296: 6284: 6272: 6260: 6243: 6231: 6218: 6206: 6189: 6177: 6147: 6128: 6109: 6090: 6073:For associations with Śarda and 6067: 6040: 6021: 6002: 5945: 5914: 5902: 5890: 5877: 5833: 5816: 5807: 5791: 5762: 5723: 5663: 5638: 5626: 5598: 5582: 5570: 5462:. For equivalent Sanskrit names 5084:, p. 81. For a citation to 4228:, Yangon: Dunwoody Press, 1993, 3357: 3271:Buddhism and Ganapati (Tibetan: 3127: 3120: 3109: 3102: 3091: 3032:as one of the four Puranas (the 2997:The date of composition for the 2786:literature that is dated to the 2621:in the early pre-Christian era. 1897:dance with a prayer to Ganesha. 1451: 1151: 1135: 8515:, Delhi: D.K. Printworld Ltd., 8288:, Delhi: Indological Book House 8174:Ganesh: Studies of an Asian God 8003:ศิลปวัฒนธรรม (Arts and Culture) 7934:Chanting the Names of Manjushri 7119:Edward Jewitt Robinson (1873). 6172:, p. 15–16, 230, 239, 242, 251. 6156:Cohen, Lawrence. "The Wives of 5735:sweetly pouring water from his 5546: 5534: 5515: 5503: 5477: 5447: 5419: 5407: 5395: 5382: 5345: 5333: 5306: 5293: 5272: 5231: 5219: 5207: 5195: 5183: 5156: 5107: 5074: 5032: 4997: 4942: 4920: 4908: 4880: 4867: 4854: 4828: 4811: 4792: 4775: 4756: 4744: 4715: 4703: 4691: 4679: 4667: 4655: 4643: 4606: 4583: 4553: 4540: 4508: 4483: 4470: 4458: 4445: 4433: 4421: 4387: 4375: 4348: 4280: 4260:Justin Thomas McDaniel (2013). 4253: 4216: 4204: 4185: 4173: 4071: 4044: 4016: 3985:, p. 8 for source text of 3974: 3947: 3900: 3866: 3839: 3807: 3780: 3750: 3714: 3695: 3670: 3655: 3372: 2796:(1.1.75–79) says that the sage 2782:Ganesha does not appear in the 2343:temples ... the figure of 1651:, Ganesha resides in the first 1642: 989:Ganesha is a popular figure in 870:signify "tooth or tusk", also " 8489:Ramachandra Rao, S.K. (1992), 8464:Oka, Krishnaji Govind (1913), 8368:Mythical Animals in Indian Art 8311:Krishan, Yuvraj (1981–1982), " 8237:Social History of Early Ceylon 8163:The Cultural Heritage of India 7576: 4864:, pp. 191–195 Appendix I. 3636: 3627: 3582: 3575: 3551: 3544: 3508: 3501: 3452: 3227: 2949:Second Millenium CE Scriptures 2925:. The 9th-century philosopher 2499:9th-century Ganesha Statue in 2234:Rockfort Ucchi Pillayar Temple 1174:, Ganesha wrapped the serpent 1142:6th-century Ganesha Statue in 1067:using clay to protect her and 969: 410:and is the Supreme God in the 13: 1: 8348:Gaṇeśa: Unravelling An Enigma 8053:, p. 151, 158, 162, 164, 253. 7603:, pp. 196–197. Addresses the 7265:Taittiriya Aranyaka, X, 1, 5. 6640:Bopearachchi, Osmund (1993). 6539:Elements of Hindu Iconography 6302:For the fourth waxing day in 5487:. 31 May 2016. Archived from 5404:by Michael Wilcockson, p. 117 5046:with three horizontal lines. 3012:R.C. Hazra suggests that the 2714:The Sangam period Tamil poet 1975:or Vināyaka chaturthī in the 1934:and small sweet balls called 1190:or the sectarian mark (IAST: 868:Dravidian family of languages 512:. The Hindu title of respect 8901:Ganesha at Wikimedia Commons 8569:Thapan, Anita Raina (1997). 8385:Martin-Dubost, Paul (1965), 8212:Courtright, Paul B. (1985), 8123:Apte, Vaman Shivram (1965). 7078:(Set). RV 10.112.9 (10092) 5163:Martin-Dubost, Paul (1997). 5057:in: Sharma (1993 edition of 3707:: The Idea and the Icon" in 3419: 3335:The canonical literature of 2868:("Creator of Obstacles") in 2697:, who is given the epithet ' 2568:had yet to make his debut." 1322:four incarnations of Ganesha 1075:Ganesha's earliest name was 609:, is a compound composed of 348:Japanese Buddhist equivalent 7: 10221:Elephants in Indian culture 8630: 8596:Ganesh: Symbol and presence 8558: 8555:Śāstri, Hargovinda (1978), 8545: 8538: 8531: 8510: 8476:, Poona: Law Printing Press 8469: 8365:Murthy, K. Krishna (1985), 8313: 8215: 7685: 7666: 7647: 7611: 7605: 7559: 7545: 7538: 7514: 7471: 7439: 7429: 7423: 7394: 7387: 7380: 7363: 7333: 7324: 7318: 7301: 7213: 7207: 7201: 7199:10.1 and identification by 7194: 7186: 7170: 7164: 7149: 7143: 7137: 7101: 7080: 7066: 7059: 7039: 7024: 7014: 6976: 6970: 6956: 6949: 6596: 6586: 6568:"Ganesha Temples worldwide" 6446: 6413: 6310: 6308:being dedicated to Ganesa ( 6304: 6158: 6136: 6117: 6098: 6079: 6056: 6049: 6029: 6010: 5992: 5985: 5978: 5965: 5959: 5934: 5897:Khokar & Saraswati 2005 5863:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 325–. 5824: 5782: 5755: 5749: 5743: 5737: 5731: 5669:For examples of both, see: 5523: 5456: 5434: 5373: 5367: 5360: 5353: 5326:2.134–136 are provided by: 5259: 5250: 5064: 5052: 5022: 5009: 4988: 4982: 4976: 4964: 4899: 4800: 4764: 4636: 4630: 4620: 4614: 4402: 4355:John Clifford Holt (1991). 4193: 4161: 4153: 4146: 4139: 4131: 4124: 4080: 4033: 4025: 4006: 3993: 3987: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3874: 3847: 3796: 3789: 3728:An Introduction to Hinduism 3703: 3644: 3535: 3529: 3517: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3460: 3408:Uthrapathiswaraswamy Temple 3402:Nandrudayan Vinayaka Temple 3256: 3250: 3244: 2912: 2863: 2855: 2847: 2839: 2812: 2802: 2774: 2767: 2757: 2751: 2744: 2736: 2722:in marriage to the King of 2699: 2685: 2679: 2658: 2601: 2595: 2585: 2564: 2558: 2551: 2540: 2534: 2527: 2520: 2466: 2346: 2338: 2330: 2322: 2310: 2302: 2121: 2115: 2108: 2100: 2002: 1991:(August/September) and the 1979: 1958: 1952: 1941: 1923: 1915: 1905: 1848: 1842: 1836: 1830: 1799: 1788: 1661: 1588: 1518: 1510: 1503: 1442: 1422: 1414: 1404: 1396: 1385:(rat-banner) appear in the 1380: 1372: 1303: 1213: 1192: 1181: 1123: 1105: 1039:Thirty-two forms of Ganesha 924: 812: 804: 786: 769: 745: 734: 710: 676: 673:(one who has two mothers), 668: 656: 620: 612: 601: 585: 571: 561: 533: 377: 173: 164: 155: 140: 10: 10312: 8445:Nagar, Shanti Lal (1992). 8428:A Concise History of India 8395:: Franco-Indian Research, 8393:the University of Michigan 8297:, New Delhi: Rupa and Co, 8267:Ganapati: Song of the Self 8102:the University of Michigan 7231:Rajarajan, R.K.K. (2001). 6418:(pavilions or tents) see: 5975:, p. 63. "... in the 5368:Prācya Prakāśana: Vārāṇasī 5299:See note on figure 43 in: 5136:Civarāman̲, Akilā (2014). 4225:Myanmar-English Dictionary 3330: 3231: 3154:Ganesha in world religions 3151: 3028:specifically mentions the 2952: 2906:, Ludo Rocher notes that: 2879: 2078: 2074: 1877:Ganesha worshipped in the 1694: 1241: 1036: 950:Buddhists, he is known as 893:means "a young elephant". 86:National Museum, New Delhi 29: 9912: 9867: 9840: 9817: 9795: 9774: 9747: 9740: 9684: 9673: 9469: 9407: 9318: 9236: 9094: 9083: 8953: 8878: 8832: 8796: 8743: 8690: 8679: 8638: 8005:(in Thai) (November 2011) 7693:, pp. 94–95, note 2. 7205:in his commentary on the 6974:| 2.23.1; "We invoke the 6600:: Myth and Reality", in: 6590:" was consecrated by the 4516:"Vinayaka in unique form" 4453:Los Angeles County Museum 4197:: The Idea and the Icon". 3275:) remains a deity in the 3082:Beyond India and Hinduism 2986:tradition founded in the 2625:Vedic and epic literature 954:, and revered along with 930: 906: 842: 833: 797: 779: 764: 727: 715:), having the face of an 595: 523: 492:Etymology and other names 367: 347: 342: 319: 308: 285: 280: 266: 258: 232: 220: 202: 182: 149: 133: 119: 92: 74: 58: 53: 36:Ganapati (disambiguation) 32:Vinayaka (disambiguation) 9391:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali 8491:The Compendium on Gaṇeśa 8345:Krishan, Yuvraj (1999), 8264:Grimes, John A. (1995), 7961:Studies of an Asian God, 7651:", in: N.K. Wagle, ed., 7543:and its connection with 6968:(Set). RV 2.23.1 (2222) 6541:, p. 47–48 as quoted in 6450:in a Regional Setting". 3470:) who had attacked him, 3215:20 thousand denomination 3053:tradition, the Sanskrit 2250:Karpaga Vinayagar Temple 2216:and Dhundiraj Temple in 2081:List of Ganapati temples 1669:means "original, main"; 693:(one who has one tusk), 44:Ganesha (disambiguation) 10261:Names of God in Sikhism 10035:Shwe Kyunbin Maunghnama 9859:Shwesitthin Myinbyushin 8286:The Problem of Ganapati 7337:: Myth and reality" in 7171:tán no dántî pracodáyāt 7150:tán no dántî pracodáyāt 6658:10.3406/topoi.1993.1479 5606:Arthur Anthony McDonell 5527:: Myth and reality" in 5142:. Giri Trading Agency. 4958:, p. 202. For the 4077:For the history of the 4029:: Unravelling an Enigma 3959:2 February 2017 at the 3167:Maritime Southeast Asia 1781:(spiritual power), and 1013:in one upper arm and a 617:, meaning "group", and 143:Oṃ Gaṃ Gaṇapataye Namaḥ 10286:Mythological elephants 9631:Pareinma Shin Mingaung 9538:Aung Pinle Hsinbyushin 8814:Ganapati Atharvashirsa 8171:Brown, Robert (1991), 8097:Ganesh, the Benevolent 7211:, see: Rocher, Ludo, " 6921:, pp. 287–290 or 6748:Raman Sukumar (2003). 6738:, pp. 50–55, 120. 6646:Topoi. Orient-Occident 3944:, pp. 17–19, 201. 3600:, Tibet, Burma, Siam, 3317:Nakhon Pathom Province 3281:Tibetan Buddhist canon 3220:Before the arrival of 3143:) and coat of arms of 3055:Ganapati Atharvashirsa 2979: 2963:Ganapati Atharvashirsa 2919: 2891: 2663:) occurs twice in the 2652: 2546: 2511: 2476: 2403: 2094: 2030: 2025:Street festivities in 1885: 1764: 1721: 1676:Ganapati Atharvashirsa 1629: 1596:Ganapati Atharvashirsa 1575: 1515:(obstacle-creator) to 1367:Ganapati Atharvashirsa 1258: 1053: 986: 900:, Ganesha is known as 850:means a "child" while 485:Ganapati Atharvasirsha 424:to Jains and Buddhists 252:Ganapati Atharvashirsa 10281:Elephants in Buddhism 10276:Elephants in Hinduism 10271:Buddhism and Hinduism 9775:Ayeyarwady Delta nats 9463:Burmese folk religion 8745:Ashtavinayaka Temples 8562:with Hindi commentary 8314:The Origins of Gaṇeśa 8245:Getty, Alice (1936). 8142:Bailey, Greg (1995). 7932:Wayman, Alex (2006). 7403:, p. 31, note 4. 6347:Metcalf & Metcalf 4989:Sarpagraiveyakāṅgādaḥ 4382:Metcalf & Metcalf 3386:Koothanur, Tamil Nadu 3152:Further information: 2970: 2953:Further information: 2908: 2889: 2880:Further information: 2632: 2516: 2498: 2461: 2383: 2092: 2079:Further information: 2024: 2013:(January/February)." 1876: 1869:Worship and festivals 1846:(auspiciousness) and 1758: 1708: 1601: 1573: 1565: 1527:Buddhi (Intelligence) 1320:uses a mouse, in the 1249: 1232:Rina-Mochana-Ganapati 1047: 977: 916:[məhàpèiɰ̃né] 141:Oṃ Śrī Gaṇeśāya Namaḥ 10040:Pyelepyin Maunghnama 9855:Shwepyay Myinbyushin 9827:Pale Yin (Amay Pale) 8668:Uchchhishta Ganapati 8447:The Cult of Vinayaka 8235:Ellawala, H (1969), 8192:Chinmayananda, Swami 7421:Winternitz, Moriz. " 7319:Maitrāyaṇīya Saṃhitā 7302:Maitrāyaṇīya Saṃhitā 7233:"Sugarcane Gaṇapati" 7187:Maitrāyaṇīya Saṃhitā 7144:hastimukhāya dhîmahi 7138:tát karāţāya vidmahe 6683:Kumar, Ajit (2007). 6574:on 17 December 2007. 6199:, p. 1 as quoted in 5741:on the head of baby 5592:, Bailey translates 5216:, pp. 47–48, 78 5069:(having three eyes). 4980:around the neck and 4011:versified as 1.1.38. 3633:Martin-Dubost, p. 2. 3556:Ramachandra Rao 1992 3496:Ramachandra Rao 1992 3325:Silpakorn University 3321:Fine Arts Department 3313:Sanam Chandra Palace 2816:'s dictation of the 2737:Maitrāyaṇīya Saṃhitā 2637:I manuscript of the 2427:along with those of 2359:(including the four 2327:(Vishnu) as well as 2166:Siddhivinayak temple 1474:Removal of obstacles 1265:(mount/vehicle). Of 1144:Badami caves temples 386:, and also known as 84:miniature, c. 1730. 10000:Four Heavenly Kings 9606:Shwe Hpyin Naungdaw 8845:Consorts of Ganesha 8819:Ganesha Sahasranama 8713:Sankashti Chaturthi 8409:Mate, M.S. (1962), 7741:, pp. 258–269. 7325:Taittirīya Āraṇyaka 7237:East and West, Rome 7195:Taittirīya Āraṇyaka 6125:, pp. 124–125. 6106:, pp. 132–135. 6087:, pp. 131–132. 6018:, pp. 126–129. 5614:Motilal Banarsidass 5612:); Published 2004; 5288:, pp. 231–244. 5267:, pp. 101–102. 4817:For translation of 4798:Granoff, Phyllis. " 4762:Granoff, Phyllis. " 4550:, pp. 146, 150 4110:, pp. 156, 213 3804:, pp. 176–213. 3238:Ganesha appears in 3234:Ganesha in Buddhism 3165:Hindus migrated to 3072:Ganesha Sahasranama 3063:Ganesha Sahasranama 2904:Sanskrit literature 2832:manuscripts of the 2745:Taittirīya Āraṇyaka 2491:Possible influences 1701:Consorts of Ganesha 1691:Family and consorts 1556:Ganesha Sahasranama 1547:Ganesha Sahasranama 1388:Ganesha Sahasranama 1160:Vijayanagara Empire 1052:school (circa 1810) 966:and other deities. 426:and beyond India. 420:Hindu denominations 215:Sankashti Chaturthi 10236:Jain minor deities 9805:(Nankaraing Medaw) 9766:Taungdaw Thakhinma 9626:Htibyuhsaung Medaw 8833:Associated deities 8549:: Prācya Prakāśana 8470:Amarakoshodghāṭana 8295:Ganesha-Karttikeya 8284:Heras, H. (1972), 8084:General references 7985:Martin-Dubost 1997 7973:Martin-Dubost 1997 7859:Martin-Dubost 1965 7683:Phyllis Granoff, " 7554:Bhattacharyya 1956 7331:Dhavalikar, M.K. " 7135:The verse : " 6604:, pp. 50, 63. 6373:Indian nationalism 6316:Bhattacharyya 1956 6279:Martin-Dubost 1965 6267:Martin-Dubost 1965 6255:Martin-Dubost 1965 6197:Concept of Ganesha 5942:, pp. 115–140 5778:Martin-Dubost 1965 5714:Chinmayananda 1987 5654:Chinmayananda 1987 5491:on 31 October 2019 5427:Martin-Dubost 1965 5340:Martin-Dubost 1997 5328:Martin-Dubost 1997 5301:Martin-Dubost 1997 5286:Martin-Dubost 1965 5202:Martin-Dubost 1997 5192:, pp. 224–228 5190:Martin-Dubost 1997 5139:Sri Ganesha Purana 5005:Martin-Dubost 1965 4956:Martin-Dubost 1965 4929:Martin-Dubost 1965 4915:Martin-Dubost 1965 4725:23.17 as cited in 4565:, pp. 197–198 4563:Martin-Dubost 1965 4440:Martin-Dubost 1997 4395:Martin-Dubost 1965 4180:Martin-Dubost 1965 3930:Śāstri Khiste 1991 3880:Martin-Dubost 1965 3855:, pp. 21–22. 3820:The Times of India 3610:, pp. 311–320 3608:Martin-Dubost 1997 3562:Martin-Dubost 1997 3484:Martin-Dubost 1997 3016:is older than the 2980: 2892: 2775:Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā 2726:(pp. 57–59). 2693:.112.9) refers to 2653: 2512: 2404: 2371:Rise to prominence 2095: 2038:, when the idols ( 2036:Ananta Chaturdashi 2031: 1956:) or red flowers. 1886: 1765: 1722: 1576: 1377:(mouse-mount) and 1359:Brahmananda Purana 1259: 1054: 987: 338:in some traditions 63:The Supreme Being 10296:Children of Shiva 10266:Hindu given names 10048: 10047: 9985:Pakhan U Min Gyaw 9950:U Din Kyaw Khaung 9908: 9907: 9852:Kanni Myinbyushin 9849:Yamma Myinbyushin 9611:Shwe Hpyin Nyidaw 9470:Official pantheon 9425: 9424: 8909: 8908: 8797:Legends and Texts 8511:Gaṇapati Upaniṣad 8473:) of Kshīrasvāmin 8456:978-81-7076-044-3 8106:Marg Publications 8092:Pal, Pratapaditya 7875:, pp. 37–45. 7729:, pp. 21–22. 7689:as Metaphor", in 7664:R.C. Hazra, "The 7636:, pp. 30–33. 7469:For reference to 7290:Krishan 1981–1982 6919:Krishan 1981–1982 6881:Aitareya Brāhmana 6226:Krishan 1981–1982 6184:Krishan 1981–1982 5989:is a bachelor or 5847:, pp. 11–13. 5594:Granter-of-lakhs. 5263:In Jainism", in: 5226:Krishan 1981–1982 5176:978-81-900184-3-2 5149:978-81-7950-629-5 3954:Rigveda Mandala 2 3913:gaṇeśasahasranāma 3845:* Narain, A. K. " 3645:Gaṇapati Upaniṣad 3598:Chinese Turkestan 3473:Gaṇeśa Vighnarāja 3351:Explanatory notes 3074:are found in the 2931:Panchayatana puja 2565:Gaṇapati-Vināyaka 2559:Gaṇapati-Vināyaka 2017:Ganesha Chaturthi 1973:Ganesha Chaturthi 1803:(particularly in 1357:and later in the 1272:, Ganesha uses a 1236:Ekadanta-Ganapati 1224:Hindu iconography 1033:Common attributes 605:), a synonym for 357: 356: 113:Panchayatana puja 16:(Redirected from 10303: 10176: 10168: 10167: 10166: 10159: 10151: 10150: 10149: 10142: 10134: 10133: 10132: 10125: 10117: 10116: 10115: 10105: 10089: 10088: 10077: 10076: 10075: 10065: 10064: 10063: 10056: 10030:Kayin Maunghnama 9868:Five Mother nats 9843:White Horse nats 9745: 9744: 9679: 9646:Myaukhpet Shinma 9616:Mintha Maungshin 9508:Taungoo Mingaung 9452: 9445: 9438: 9429: 9428: 9089: 8936: 8929: 8922: 8913: 8912: 8703:Ganesh Chaturthi 8685: 8658:Haridra Ganapati 8625: 8618: 8611: 8602: 8601: 8584: 8565: 8561: 8550: 8548: 8541: 8534: 8525: 8513: 8503: 8484: 8483: 8481: 8472: 8460: 8441: 8421: 8405: 8381: 8361: 8341: 8316: 8307: 8289: 8280: 8260: 8240: 8231: 8218: 8208: 8196:Glory of Ganesha 8187: 8166: 8157: 8146:. Harrassowitz. 8138: 8119: 8078: 8072: 8066: 8060: 8054: 8048: 8042: 8036: 8030: 8024: 8015: 8014: 8012: 8010: 7994: 7988: 7982: 7976: 7970: 7964: 7957: 7944: 7930: 7924: 7918: 7912: 7906: 7900: 7894: 7888: 7882: 7876: 7870: 7864: 7847: 7841: 7835: 7826: 7820: 7814: 7808: 7802: 7796: 7790: 7784: 7778: 7772: 7766: 7760: 7754: 7748: 7742: 7736: 7730: 7724: 7718: 7712: 7706: 7700: 7694: 7688: 7681: 7675: 7669: 7662: 7656: 7650: 7643: 7637: 7630: 7624: 7614: 7608: 7598: 7592: 7577: 7573: 7567: 7562: 7548: 7541: 7539:pañcāyatana pūjā 7529: 7523: 7517: 7510: 7504: 7498: 7492: 7486: 7480: 7474: 7467: 7461: 7454: 7448: 7442: 7432: 7426: 7419: 7413: 7410: 7404: 7397: 7390: 7383: 7375: 7369: 7366: 7359: 7353: 7350: 7344: 7336: 7327: 7321: 7314: 7308: 7304: 7284: 7278: 7272: 7266: 7263: 7257: 7256: 7228: 7222: 7216: 7210: 7204: 7197: 7189: 7181: 7175: 7173: 7167: 7160: 7154: 7152: 7146: 7140: 7133: 7127: 7126: 7116: 7110: 7104: 7097: 7091: 7083: 7069: 7062: 7054: 7048: 7042: 7035: 7029: 7027: 7017: 7010: 7004: 6987: 6981: 6979: 6973: 6959: 6952: 6944: 6938: 6932: 6926: 6925:, pp. 31–32 6915: 6909: 6903: 6897: 6890: 6884: 6878: 6872: 6850: 6844: 6838: 6832: 6826: 6820: 6814: 6808: 6802: 6796: 6790: 6784: 6778: 6772: 6771: 6755: 6745: 6739: 6733: 6724: 6718: 6712: 6706: 6693: 6692: 6680: 6674: 6668: 6662: 6661: 6637: 6631: 6630: 6622:(3/4): 331–336, 6611: 6605: 6599: 6589: 6582: 6576: 6575: 6570:. Archived from 6564: 6558: 6552: 6546: 6537:T.A. Gopinatha; 6535: 6529: 6523: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6512: 6507:. 31 August 2022 6497: 6491: 6485: 6479: 6473: 6467: 6461: 6455: 6449: 6442: 6436: 6429: 6423: 6416: 6408: 6402: 6384: 6378: 6356: 6350: 6344: 6338: 6325: 6319: 6313: 6307: 6300: 6294: 6288: 6282: 6281:, pp. 95–99 6276: 6270: 6264: 6258: 6247: 6241: 6235: 6229: 6222: 6216: 6210: 6204: 6193: 6187: 6181: 6175: 6161: 6151: 6145: 6139: 6132: 6126: 6120: 6113: 6107: 6101: 6094: 6088: 6082: 6071: 6065: 6059: 6052: 6044: 6038: 6032: 6025: 6019: 6013: 6006: 6000: 5995: 5988: 5981: 5968: 5962: 5949: 5943: 5937: 5930: 5924: 5918: 5912: 5906: 5900: 5894: 5888: 5881: 5875: 5874: 5854: 5848: 5843:, 10.8–37, see: 5837: 5831: 5827: 5820: 5814: 5811: 5805: 5795: 5789: 5785: 5766: 5760: 5758: 5752: 5746: 5740: 5734: 5727: 5721: 5711: 5705: 5699: 5693: 5683: 5674: 5673:, pp. 79–80 5667: 5661: 5651: 5645: 5642: 5636: 5630: 5624: 5602: 5596: 5586: 5580: 5574: 5568: 5562: 5556: 5550: 5544: 5538: 5532: 5526: 5519: 5513: 5507: 5501: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5481: 5475: 5459: 5451: 5445: 5437: 5423: 5417: 5416:, pp. 49–50 5411: 5405: 5399: 5393: 5386: 5380: 5378: 5370: 5363: 5356: 5349: 5343: 5337: 5331: 5310: 5304: 5297: 5291: 5276: 5270: 5262: 5253: 5242:, pp. 48–49 5235: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5181: 5180: 5160: 5154: 5153: 5133: 5124: 5111: 5105: 5078: 5072: 5067: 5055: 5036: 5030: 5025: 5012: 5001: 4995: 4991: 4985: 4979: 4967: 4946: 4940: 4924: 4918: 4912: 4906: 4902: 4884: 4878: 4871: 4865: 4858: 4852: 4832: 4826: 4821:as "belly" see: 4815: 4809: 4803: 4796: 4790: 4779: 4773: 4772:, pp. 92–94 4767: 4760: 4754: 4748: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4719: 4713: 4712:, pp. 77–78 4707: 4701: 4695: 4689: 4683: 4677: 4671: 4665: 4659: 4653: 4647: 4641: 4639: 4633: 4623: 4617: 4610: 4604: 4587: 4581: 4557: 4551: 4544: 4538: 4537: 4535: 4533: 4512: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4487: 4481: 4474: 4468: 4462: 4456: 4449: 4443: 4437: 4431: 4425: 4419: 4405: 4391: 4385: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4352: 4346: 4340: 4334: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4312: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4257: 4251: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4220: 4214: 4208: 4202: 4196: 4189: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4164: 4156: 4149: 4142: 4134: 4127: 4120: 4111: 4102:. For the name 4096: 4090: 4083: 4075: 4069: 4063: 4054: 4048: 4042: 4036: 4028: 4020: 4014: 4009: 3996: 3990: 3978: 3972: 3971:, pp. 17–19 3951: 3945: 3939: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3915: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3883: 3877: 3870: 3864: 3850: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3823:. 4 April 2019. 3811: 3805: 3799: 3792: 3784: 3778: 3777: 3758:Vasudha, Narayan 3754: 3748: 3747: 3731: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3699: 3693: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3668: 3667: 3659: 3653: 3647: 3640: 3634: 3631: 3625: 3583: 3579: 3573: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3538: 3532: 3520: 3509: 3505: 3499: 3493: 3487: 3481: 3475: 3469: 3463: 3456: 3450: 3444: 3435: 3429: 3413: 3376: 3364: 3361: 3277:Tibetan Buddhist 3259: 3253: 3247: 3131: 3124: 3113: 3106: 3095: 2915: 2866: 2858: 2850: 2842: 2822:Moriz Winternitz 2815: 2805: 2777: 2770: 2760: 2754: 2747: 2739: 2702: 2688: 2682: 2661: 2607:Mānavagŗhyasūtra 2604: 2598: 2588: 2567: 2561: 2554: 2543: 2537: 2530: 2523: 2469: 2376:First appearance 2365:Kathmandu Valley 2349: 2341: 2333: 2325: 2313: 2305: 2200:; Baidyanath in 2176:in Maharashtra; 2124: 2118: 2111: 2103: 2027:Hyderabad, India 2005: 1982: 1965:Cynodon dactylon 1961: 1955: 1944: 1926: 1919:Ganapataye Namah 1918: 1908: 1881:celebrations in 1858:Jai Santoshi Maa 1851: 1845: 1839: 1833: 1802: 1791: 1718:Allahabad Museum 1664: 1591: 1521: 1513: 1506: 1455: 1425: 1417: 1407: 1399: 1383: 1375: 1308:uses a peacock, 1306: 1257:the rat, c. 1820 1228:Heramba-Ganapati 1216: 1197: 1184: 1155: 1139: 1126: 1113:Brahmanda Purana 1108: 1060:Heramba-Ganapati 933: 932: 927: 919:), derived from 918: 913: 909: 908: 898:Burmese language 845: 844: 835: 815: 807: 800: 799: 789: 782: 781: 772: 766: 748: 737: 730: 729: 713: 679: 671: 659: 623: 615: 604: 598: 597: 588: 574: 564: 536: 525: 382:), also spelled 380: 369: 271:Ganesh Chaturthi 176: 167: 158: 145: 79: 51: 50: 40:Lambodara (film) 21: 10311: 10310: 10306: 10305: 10304: 10302: 10301: 10300: 10181: 10180: 10179: 10169: 10164: 10162: 10152: 10147: 10145: 10135: 10130: 10128: 10124:from Wiktionary 10118: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10104:sister projects 10101:at Knowledge's 10095: 10083: 10073: 10071: 10061: 10059: 10051: 10049: 10044: 9990:Shinma Aungphyu 9975:Mogaung Kyawzwa 9904: 9863: 9842: 9836: 9818:Nine Towns nats 9813: 9791: 9787:Kwin Paing Ahpo 9770: 9736: 9680: 9671: 9465: 9461:and spirits of 9456: 9426: 9421: 9417:Hindu mythology 9403: 9314: 9232: 9090: 9081: 8949: 8940: 8910: 8905: 8891:Hindu mythology 8874: 8828: 8824:Ganesha stories 8792: 8739: 8723:Beyond Hinduism 8718:Ganesha Temples 8686: 8677: 8634: 8629: 8592: 8587: 8581: 8529:Śāstri Khiste, 8523: 8501: 8479: 8477: 8457: 8439: 8403: 8379: 8359: 8331:10.2307/3249845 8305: 8278: 8257: 8229: 8206: 8185: 8154: 8135: 8116: 8086: 8081: 8073: 8069: 8061: 8057: 8049: 8045: 8037: 8033: 8025: 8018: 8008: 8006: 7995: 7991: 7983: 7979: 7971: 7967: 7958: 7947: 7931: 7927: 7919: 7915: 7907: 7903: 7895: 7891: 7883: 7879: 7871: 7867: 7848: 7844: 7836: 7829: 7821: 7817: 7809: 7805: 7797: 7793: 7785: 7781: 7773: 7769: 7761: 7757: 7749: 7745: 7737: 7733: 7725: 7721: 7715:Courtright 1985 7713: 7709: 7701: 7697: 7682: 7678: 7663: 7659: 7644: 7640: 7631: 7627: 7599: 7595: 7575: 7574: 7570: 7533:Courtright 1985 7530: 7526: 7512:Rocher, Ludo. " 7511: 7507: 7499: 7495: 7487: 7483: 7472:Vighnakartṛīṇām 7468: 7464: 7455: 7451: 7420: 7416: 7411: 7407: 7376: 7372: 7360: 7356: 7351: 7347: 7315: 7311: 7285: 7281: 7273: 7269: 7264: 7260: 7243:(3/4): 379–84. 7229: 7225: 7182: 7178: 7161: 7157: 7134: 7130: 7117: 7113: 7098: 7094: 7055: 7051: 7037:Rocher, Ludo. " 7036: 7032: 7012:Rocher, Ludo. " 7011: 7007: 6988: 6984: 6945: 6941: 6933: 6929: 6916: 6912: 6904: 6900: 6891: 6887: 6879: 6875: 6851: 6847: 6839: 6835: 6827: 6823: 6817:Courtright 1985 6815: 6811: 6803: 6799: 6791: 6787: 6779: 6775: 6768: 6746: 6742: 6734: 6727: 6719: 6715: 6707: 6696: 6681: 6677: 6669: 6665: 6638: 6634: 6612: 6608: 6583: 6579: 6566: 6565: 6561: 6553: 6549: 6536: 6532: 6524: 6520: 6510: 6508: 6499: 6498: 6494: 6486: 6482: 6474: 6470: 6462: 6458: 6452:Courtright 1985 6443: 6439: 6430: 6426: 6409: 6405: 6385: 6381: 6357: 6353: 6345: 6341: 6326: 6322: 6311:Gaṇeśa-caturthī 6301: 6297: 6289: 6285: 6277: 6273: 6265: 6261: 6248: 6244: 6236: 6232: 6223: 6219: 6211: 6207: 6195:K.N. Somayaji, 6194: 6190: 6182: 6178: 6152: 6148: 6133: 6129: 6114: 6110: 6095: 6091: 6072: 6068: 6045: 6041: 6026: 6022: 6007: 6003: 5950: 5946: 5931: 5927: 5919: 5915: 5907: 5903: 5895: 5891: 5882: 5878: 5871: 5855: 5851: 5839:For summary of 5838: 5834: 5821: 5817: 5812: 5808: 5796: 5792: 5767: 5763: 5728: 5724: 5712: 5708: 5702:Courtright 1985 5700: 5696: 5684: 5677: 5668: 5664: 5652: 5648: 5643: 5639: 5631: 5627: 5603: 5599: 5587: 5583: 5575: 5571: 5563: 5559: 5551: 5547: 5539: 5535: 5520: 5516: 5510:Courtright 1985 5508: 5504: 5494: 5492: 5483: 5482: 5478: 5452: 5448: 5432:Rocher, Ludo. " 5424: 5420: 5412: 5408: 5400: 5396: 5387: 5383: 5350: 5346: 5338: 5334: 5311: 5307: 5298: 5294: 5277: 5273: 5236: 5232: 5224: 5220: 5212: 5208: 5200: 5196: 5188: 5184: 5177: 5161: 5157: 5150: 5134: 5127: 5112: 5108: 5079: 5075: 5037: 5033: 5002: 4998: 4962:references for 4947: 4943: 4925: 4921: 4913: 4909: 4885: 4881: 4872: 4868: 4859: 4855: 4833: 4829: 4816: 4812: 4797: 4793: 4780: 4776: 4761: 4757: 4749: 4745: 4737: 4733: 4720: 4716: 4708: 4704: 4696: 4692: 4684: 4680: 4672: 4668: 4660: 4656: 4648: 4644: 4611: 4607: 4588: 4584: 4558: 4554: 4545: 4541: 4531: 4529: 4514: 4513: 4509: 4499: 4497: 4489: 4488: 4484: 4475: 4471: 4463: 4459: 4450: 4446: 4438: 4434: 4426: 4422: 4392: 4388: 4380: 4376: 4369: 4353: 4349: 4341: 4337: 4329: 4325: 4301:10.2307/3351212 4285: 4281: 4274: 4258: 4254: 4245: 4243: 4236: 4222: 4221: 4217: 4209: 4205: 4191:Narain, A. K. " 4190: 4186: 4178: 4174: 4170:, p. viii) 4162:paurāṇic devatā 4121: 4114: 4108:Courtright 1985 4097: 4093: 4089:, pp. 1–25 4076: 4072: 4064: 4057: 4049: 4045: 4021: 4017: 3979: 3975: 3961:Wayback Machine 3952: 3948: 3940: 3936: 3932:, pp. 7–8. 3905: 3901: 3893: 3886: 3871: 3867: 3844: 3840: 3830: 3828: 3813: 3812: 3808: 3785: 3781: 3774: 3755: 3751: 3744: 3722:Gavin D., Flood 3719: 3715: 3700: 3696: 3687: 3683: 3675: 3671: 3660: 3656: 3641: 3637: 3632: 3628: 3581: 3580: 3576: 3550: 3549: 3545: 3507: 3506: 3502: 3494: 3490: 3457: 3453: 3445: 3438: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3417: 3416: 3377: 3373: 3368: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3353: 3333: 3236: 3230: 3189:, Hinduism and 3156: 3150: 3149: 3148: 3136: 3135: 3134: 3133: 3132: 3125: 3116: 3115: 3114: 3107: 3098: 3097: 3096: 3084: 2992:Mudgala Purana, 2977:Central Vietnam 2965: 2951: 2884: 2878: 2864:Vighnakartṛīṇām 2731:Black Yajurveda 2627: 2591:Hindu mythology 2493: 2445:Udayagiri Caves 2417:Chandraketugarh 2378: 2373: 2363:shrines in the 2208:, Dholaka, and 2109:parivāra-devatã 2087: 2077: 2019: 1871: 1761:Raja Ravi Varma 1703: 1693: 1645: 1568: 1529: 1476: 1471: 1470: 1469: 1463: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1445: 1250:Ganesha on his 1244: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1156: 1148: 1147: 1140: 1042: 1035: 972: 940:Phra Phi Khanet 911: 681:(equivalent to 661:(equivalent to 538:; also spelled 494: 304: 177:(elephant goad) 142: 128: 127:(with parents) 88: 70: 61: 47: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10309: 10299: 10298: 10293: 10288: 10283: 10278: 10273: 10268: 10263: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10246:Knowledge gods 10243: 10238: 10233: 10228: 10226:Abundance gods 10223: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10198: 10193: 10178: 10177: 10160: 10158:from Wikiquote 10143: 10126: 10097: 10094: 10093: 10081: 10069: 10046: 10045: 10043: 10042: 10037: 10032: 10027: 10022: 10017: 10012: 10007: 10002: 9997: 9992: 9987: 9982: 9977: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9960:Lay Kyun Maung 9957: 9952: 9947: 9945:Koe Thein Shin 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9916: 9914: 9910: 9909: 9906: 9905: 9903: 9902: 9897: 9892: 9887: 9877: 9871: 9869: 9865: 9864: 9862: 9861: 9856: 9853: 9850: 9846: 9844: 9838: 9837: 9835: 9834: 9831: 9828: 9825: 9821: 9819: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9811: 9806: 9799: 9797: 9793: 9792: 9790: 9789: 9784: 9778: 9776: 9772: 9771: 9769: 9768: 9763: 9758: 9751: 9749: 9742: 9738: 9737: 9735: 9734: 9729: 9724: 9714: 9709: 9704: 9699: 9693: 9691: 9682: 9681: 9674: 9672: 9670: 9669: 9663: 9658: 9653: 9648: 9643: 9638: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9603: 9601:Mandalay Bodaw 9598: 9593: 9587: 9582: 9580:Medaw Shwezaga 9577: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9552: 9546: 9540: 9535: 9530: 9525: 9520: 9515: 9510: 9505: 9500: 9494: 9489: 9484: 9473: 9471: 9467: 9466: 9455: 9454: 9447: 9440: 9432: 9423: 9422: 9420: 9419: 9414: 9408: 9405: 9404: 9402: 9401: 9394: 9387: 9386: 9385: 9371: 9364: 9359: 9354: 9353: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9326: 9324: 9316: 9315: 9313: 9312: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9262: 9261: 9256: 9246: 9240: 9238: 9234: 9233: 9231: 9230: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9198: 9193: 9188: 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9148: 9143: 9138: 9133: 9128: 9123: 9122: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9100: 9098: 9092: 9091: 9084: 9082: 9080: 9079: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8992: 8987: 8982: 8981: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8959: 8957: 8951: 8950: 8939: 8938: 8931: 8924: 8916: 8907: 8906: 8904: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8882: 8880: 8876: 8875: 8873: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8836: 8834: 8830: 8829: 8827: 8826: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8809:Mudgala Purana 8806: 8804:Ganesha Purana 8800: 8798: 8794: 8793: 8791: 8790: 8785: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8755: 8749: 8747: 8741: 8740: 8738: 8737: 8736: 8735: 8730: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8708:Ganesh Jayanti 8705: 8700: 8694: 8692: 8688: 8687: 8680: 8678: 8676: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8644: 8642: 8636: 8635: 8628: 8627: 8620: 8613: 8605: 8599: 8598: 8591: 8590:External links 8588: 8586: 8585: 8580:978-8173041952 8579: 8566: 8552: 8526: 8522:978-8124602652 8521: 8504: 8500:978-8170308287 8499: 8486: 8461: 8455: 8442: 8438:978-0521630276 8437: 8422: 8406: 8401: 8382: 8378:978-0391032873 8377: 8362: 8358:978-8120814134 8357: 8342: 8308: 8304:978-8129107763 8303: 8290: 8281: 8277:978-0791424407 8276: 8261: 8256:978-8121503778 8255: 8242: 8232: 8228:978-0195057423 8227: 8209: 8205:978-8175973589 8204: 8188: 8184:978-0791406571 8183: 8168: 8158: 8153:978-3447036474 8152: 8139: 8134:978-8120805675 8133: 8120: 8114: 8087: 8085: 8082: 8080: 8079: 8067: 8055: 8043: 8031: 8016: 7989: 7977: 7965: 7945: 7925: 7913: 7901: 7889: 7877: 7865: 7863: 7862: 7856: 7842: 7840:, p. 182. 7827: 7815: 7803: 7791: 7779: 7767: 7765:, p. 174. 7755: 7743: 7731: 7719: 7717:, p. 252. 7707: 7695: 7676: 7674:(1951); 79–99. 7657: 7638: 7625: 7621:Mudgala Purana 7617:Ganesha Purana 7593: 7591: 7590: 7584: 7568: 7566: 7565: 7524: 7505: 7493: 7481: 7462: 7449: 7433:". Journal of 7414: 7405: 7370: 7354: 7345: 7343: 7342: 7309: 7307: 7306: 7293: 7279: 7267: 7258: 7223: 7176: 7155: 7128: 7111: 7092: 7060:Ṛgveda Saṃhitā 7049: 7030: 7005: 7003: 7002: 6996: 6982: 6950:Ṛgveda Saṃhitā 6946:Wilson, H. H. 6939: 6937:, p. 159. 6927: 6910: 6898: 6885: 6873: 6871: 6870: 6863: 6845: 6833: 6821: 6809: 6797: 6785: 6773: 6767:978-0198026730 6766: 6740: 6725: 6713: 6694: 6675: 6673:, pp. 6–7 6663: 6652:(2): 425–453. 6632: 6606: 6577: 6559: 6547: 6530: 6518: 6492: 6480: 6468: 6456: 6437: 6424: 6403: 6401: 6400: 6394: 6379: 6377: 6376: 6366: 6351: 6339: 6320: 6295: 6283: 6271: 6269:, p. 369. 6259: 6257:, p. 204. 6242: 6230: 6217: 6205: 6203:, pp. 2–3 6188: 6186:, pp. 1–3 6176: 6174: 6173: 6167: 6166:, p. 130. 6146: 6144:, p. 130. 6127: 6108: 6089: 6066: 6064:, p. 115. 6039: 6020: 6001: 5999: 5998: 5970: 5944: 5925: 5913: 5901: 5889: 5887:, p. 300. 5876: 5870:978-1598842050 5869: 5849: 5832: 5815: 5806: 5800:IV. 17.47–57. 5790: 5788: 5787: 5775: 5761: 5722: 5706: 5704:, p. 253. 5694: 5675: 5662: 5646: 5644:Grimes, p. 77. 5637: 5625: 5597: 5581: 5577:Ganesha Purana 5569: 5567:, p. 703. 5557: 5545: 5533: 5514: 5502: 5476: 5446: 5444: 5443: 5429:, p. 231 5418: 5406: 5394: 5381: 5344: 5342:, p. 232. 5332: 5330:, p. 231. 5323:Ganesha Purana 5305: 5303:, p. 144. 5292: 5290: 5289: 5271: 5269: 5268: 5255: 5243: 5230: 5218: 5206: 5194: 5182: 5175: 5155: 5148: 5125: 5123: 5122: 5119: 5106: 5104: 5103: 5100:Ganesha Purana 5086:Ganesha Purana 5073: 5071: 5070: 5059:Ganesha Purana 5042:, p. 81. 5031: 5029: 5028: 4996: 4994: 4993: 4969: 4960:Ganesha Purana 4950:Ganesha Purana 4941: 4939: 4938: 4932: 4919: 4917:, p. 120. 4907: 4905: 4904: 4892: 4879: 4866: 4853: 4851: 4850: 4847:Mudgala Purana 4840: 4827: 4810: 4804:as Metaphor". 4791: 4774: 4768:as Metaphor". 4755: 4743: 4731: 4714: 4702: 4690: 4678: 4666: 4654: 4642: 4605: 4603: 4602: 4596: 4582: 4580: 4579: 4573: 4566: 4552: 4539: 4507: 4482: 4469: 4457: 4444: 4432: 4420: 4418: 4417: 4411: 4386: 4374: 4368:978-0195362466 4367: 4347: 4345:, p. 190. 4335: 4323: 4295:(43): 95–100, 4279: 4273:978-0231153775 4272: 4252: 4235:978-1881265474 4234: 4215: 4203: 4184: 4182:, p. 367. 4172: 4112: 4091: 4070: 4055: 4043: 4015: 4013: 4012: 3998: 3973: 3946: 3934: 3899: 3897:, p. 395. 3884: 3865: 3863: 3862: 3861:, p. 395. 3838: 3806: 3779: 3773:978-1435856202 3772: 3749: 3743:978-0521438780 3742: 3736:–18, 110–113. 3713: 3701:Narain, A.K. " 3694: 3681: 3669: 3654: 3650:Saraswati 2004 3648:, verse 12 in 3635: 3626: 3624: 3623: 3622:, pp. 2–3 3617: 3611: 3605: 3591: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3565: 3559: 3543: 3541: 3540: 3533:, Lord of the 3522: 3500: 3488: 3451: 3436: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3415: 3414: 3412: 3411: 3405: 3399: 3389: 3370: 3369: 3366: 3365: 3363:Bombay edition 3355: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3332: 3329: 3309:Chakri dynasty 3293:northern China 3286:Avalokitesvara 3232:Main article: 3229: 3226: 3211:Kediri Regency 3138: 3137: 3126: 3119: 3118: 3117: 3108: 3101: 3100: 3099: 3090: 3089: 3088: 3087: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3076:Ganesha Purana 3030:Ganesha Purana 3026:Mudgala Purana 3022:Mudgala Purana 3018:Ganesha Purana 3014:Mudgala Purana 3007:Ganesha Purana 3003:Mudgala Purana 2999:Ganesha Purana 2988:Ganesha Purana 2959:Mudgala Purana 2955:Ganesha Purana 2950: 2947: 2877: 2876:Puranic period 2874: 2856:Anuśāsanaparva 2647:narrating the 2626: 2623: 2573:Pashupati seal 2492: 2489: 2453:Bhumara Temple 2449:Madhya Pradesh 2441:Gardez Ganesha 2387:Gardez Ganesha 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2353:Southeast Asia 2254:Pillaiyarpatti 2238:Tiruchirapalli 2230:Andhra Pradesh 2182:Madhya Pradesh 2076: 2073: 2046:Lokmanya Tilak 2018: 2015: 1993:Ganesh Jayanti 1948:red sandalwood 1870: 1867: 1750:northern India 1692: 1689: 1649:Kundalini yoga 1644: 1641: 1567: 1564: 1541:Ganesha Purana 1528: 1525: 1475: 1472: 1460: 1459: 1450: 1449: 1448: 1447: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1363:Ganesha Purana 1326:Ganesha Purana 1324:listed in the 1269:Mudgala Purana 1243: 1240: 1200:Ganesha Purana 1172:Ganesha Purana 1157: 1150: 1149: 1141: 1134: 1133: 1132: 1131: 1130: 1092:Mudgala Purana 1082:Mudgala Purana 1034: 1031: 971: 968: 822:Tamil language 493: 490: 479:Mudgala Purana 473:Ganesha Purana 408:Hindu pantheon 355: 354: 349: 345: 344: 340: 339: 321: 317: 316: 310: 306: 305: 303: 302: 296: 289: 287: 283: 282: 278: 277: 275:Ganesh Jayanti 268: 264: 263: 260: 256: 255: 246:Mudgala Purana 240:Ganesha Purana 236: 230: 229: 224: 218: 217: 204: 200: 199: 186: 180: 179: 151: 147: 146: 137: 131: 130: 129:• Svānandaloka 121: 117: 116: 109:Saguna Brahman 94: 90: 89: 80: 72: 71: 59: 56: 55: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10308: 10297: 10294: 10292: 10289: 10287: 10284: 10282: 10279: 10277: 10274: 10272: 10269: 10267: 10264: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10232: 10229: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10216:Commerce gods 10214: 10212: 10211:Buddhist gods 10209: 10207: 10204: 10202: 10199: 10197: 10194: 10192: 10189: 10188: 10186: 10175:from Wikidata 10174: 10173: 10161: 10157: 10156: 10144: 10140: 10139: 10127: 10123: 10122: 10110: 10109: 10106: 10100: 10092: 10087: 10082: 10080: 10070: 10068: 10058: 10057: 10054: 10041: 10038: 10036: 10033: 10031: 10028: 10026: 10025:Mani Maykhala 10023: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10013: 10011: 10008: 10006: 10003: 10001: 9998: 9996: 9993: 9991: 9988: 9986: 9983: 9981: 9978: 9976: 9973: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9965:Ma Ngwe Taung 9963: 9961: 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9930:Beikthano Nat 9928: 9926: 9923: 9921: 9920:Shin Upagutta 9918: 9917: 9915: 9913:Miscellaneous 9911: 9901: 9898: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9885: 9881: 9878: 9876: 9873: 9872: 9870: 9866: 9860: 9857: 9854: 9851: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9839: 9832: 9829: 9826: 9823: 9822: 9820: 9816: 9810: 9809:Ko Aung Naing 9807: 9804: 9801: 9800: 9798: 9794: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9773: 9767: 9764: 9762: 9759: 9756: 9753: 9752: 9750: 9746: 9743: 9739: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9722: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9710: 9708: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9698: 9695: 9694: 9692: 9690: 9687: 9683: 9678: 9667: 9664: 9662: 9659: 9657: 9654: 9652: 9649: 9647: 9644: 9642: 9639: 9637: 9634: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9607: 9604: 9602: 9599: 9597: 9594: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9570:Minye Aungdin 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9550: 9547: 9544: 9541: 9539: 9536: 9534: 9531: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9523:Shwe Nawrahta 9521: 9519: 9516: 9514: 9511: 9509: 9506: 9504: 9501: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9482: 9478: 9475: 9474: 9472: 9468: 9464: 9460: 9453: 9448: 9446: 9441: 9439: 9434: 9433: 9430: 9418: 9415: 9413: 9410: 9409: 9406: 9400: 9399: 9395: 9393: 9392: 9388: 9384: 9383: 9382:Bhagavad Gita 9379: 9378: 9377: 9376: 9372: 9370: 9369: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9358: 9355: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9332: 9331: 9328: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9317: 9311: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9251: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9237:Other deities 9235: 9229: 9228: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9202: 9199: 9197: 9194: 9192: 9189: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9147: 9144: 9142: 9139: 9137: 9134: 9132: 9129: 9127: 9124: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9106: 9105: 9102: 9101: 9099: 9097: 9093: 9088: 9078: 9077: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8965: 8964: 8961: 8960: 8958: 8956: 8952: 8948: 8944: 8943:Hindu deities 8937: 8932: 8930: 8925: 8923: 8918: 8917: 8914: 8902: 8899: 8897: 8894: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8883: 8881: 8877: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8837: 8835: 8831: 8825: 8822: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8801: 8799: 8795: 8789: 8786: 8784: 8781: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8754: 8751: 8750: 8748: 8746: 8742: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8725: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8695: 8693: 8689: 8684: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8653:Bala Ganapati 8651: 8649: 8646: 8645: 8643: 8641: 8637: 8633: 8626: 8621: 8619: 8614: 8612: 8607: 8606: 8603: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8582: 8576: 8572: 8567: 8563: 8560: 8553: 8547: 8542: 8540: 8533: 8527: 8524: 8518: 8514: 8512: 8505: 8502: 8496: 8492: 8487: 8475: 8474: 8471: 8462: 8458: 8452: 8448: 8443: 8440: 8434: 8430: 8429: 8423: 8420: 8416: 8412: 8407: 8404: 8402:9788190018432 8398: 8394: 8390: 8389: 8383: 8380: 8374: 8370: 8369: 8363: 8360: 8354: 8350: 8349: 8343: 8340: 8336: 8332: 8328: 8324: 8320: 8319:Artibus Asiae 8315: 8309: 8306: 8300: 8296: 8291: 8287: 8282: 8279: 8273: 8269: 8268: 8262: 8258: 8252: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8230: 8224: 8220: 8217: 8210: 8207: 8201: 8197: 8193: 8189: 8186: 8180: 8176: 8175: 8169: 8167:Four volumes. 8164: 8159: 8155: 8149: 8145: 8140: 8136: 8130: 8126: 8121: 8117: 8115:9788185026312 8111: 8107: 8103: 8099: 8098: 8093: 8089: 8088: 8076: 8071: 8064: 8059: 8052: 8047: 8040: 8035: 8028: 8023: 8021: 8004: 8000: 7993: 7986: 7981: 7974: 7969: 7962: 7956: 7954: 7952: 7950: 7943: 7939: 7935: 7929: 7922: 7917: 7911:, p. 40. 7910: 7905: 7899:, p. 38. 7898: 7893: 7887:, p. 37. 7886: 7881: 7874: 7869: 7860: 7857: 7854: 7851: 7850: 7846: 7839: 7834: 7832: 7825:, p. 52. 7824: 7819: 7812: 7807: 7801:, p. 55. 7800: 7795: 7788: 7783: 7776: 7771: 7764: 7759: 7752: 7747: 7740: 7735: 7728: 7723: 7716: 7711: 7704: 7699: 7692: 7687: 7680: 7673: 7668: 7667:Gaṇeśa Purāṇa 7661: 7654: 7649: 7642: 7635: 7629: 7622: 7618: 7613: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7588: 7585: 7582: 7579: 7578: 7572: 7563: 7561: 7555: 7551: 7550: 7547: 7542: 7540: 7534: 7528: 7521: 7516: 7509: 7502: 7497: 7490: 7485: 7479:, p. 29. 7478: 7473: 7466: 7460:, p. 29. 7459: 7453: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7425: 7418: 7409: 7402: 7398: 7396: 7389: 7384: 7382: 7374: 7367: 7365: 7358: 7349: 7340: 7335: 7330: 7329: 7326: 7320: 7313: 7305: 7303: 7297: 7294: 7292:, p. 290 7291: 7288: 7287: 7283: 7276: 7271: 7262: 7254: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7234: 7227: 7221:, p. 70. 7220: 7215: 7209: 7203: 7198: 7196: 7190: 7188: 7180: 7172: 7166: 7162:The verse: " 7159: 7151: 7145: 7139: 7132: 7124: 7123: 7115: 7108: 7103: 7096: 7089: 7088: 7082: 7077: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7061: 7056:Wilson, H.H. 7053: 7046: 7041: 7034: 7026: 7021: 7016: 7009: 7000: 6997: 6994: 6991: 6990: 6986: 6978: 6977:Brahmaṇaspati 6972: 6967: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6951: 6943: 6936: 6935:Ellawala 1969 6931: 6924: 6920: 6914: 6907: 6902: 6895: 6889: 6882: 6877: 6868: 6864: 6861: 6857: 6854: 6853: 6849: 6842: 6837: 6830: 6825: 6818: 6813: 6807:, p. ix. 6806: 6801: 6794: 6789: 6782: 6777: 6769: 6763: 6759: 6754: 6753: 6744: 6737: 6732: 6730: 6722: 6717: 6710: 6705: 6703: 6701: 6699: 6690: 6686: 6679: 6672: 6667: 6659: 6655: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6636: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6616:East and West 6610: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6581: 6573: 6569: 6563: 6556: 6551: 6544: 6540: 6534: 6527: 6522: 6506: 6505:Tamil Minutes 6502: 6496: 6489: 6484: 6477: 6472: 6465: 6460: 6454:, p. 202–247. 6453: 6448: 6441: 6434: 6428: 6421: 6417: 6415: 6407: 6398: 6395: 6392: 6389:Momin, A.R., 6388: 6387: 6383: 6374: 6370: 6367: 6365:, p. 9). 6364: 6360: 6359: 6355: 6348: 6343: 6337: 6333: 6329: 6324: 6317: 6312: 6306: 6299: 6292: 6287: 6280: 6275: 6268: 6263: 6256: 6252: 6246: 6239: 6234: 6228:, p. 285 6227: 6221: 6214: 6209: 6202: 6198: 6192: 6185: 6180: 6171: 6168: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6154: 6150: 6143: 6138: 6131: 6124: 6119: 6112: 6105: 6100: 6093: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6070: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6051: 6043: 6037:, p. 62. 6036: 6031: 6024: 6017: 6012: 6005: 5996: 5994: 5987: 5982: 5980: 5974: 5971: 5967: 5961: 5956: 5953: 5952: 5948: 5941: 5936: 5929: 5923:, p. 38. 5922: 5917: 5911:, p. 79. 5910: 5905: 5898: 5893: 5886: 5880: 5872: 5866: 5862: 5861: 5853: 5846: 5842: 5836: 5829: 5826: 5819: 5810: 5803: 5802:Matsya Purana 5799: 5794: 5784: 5779: 5776: 5773: 5770: 5769: 5765: 5757: 5751: 5745: 5739: 5733: 5726: 5719: 5715: 5710: 5703: 5698: 5692: 5688: 5682: 5680: 5672: 5666: 5659: 5655: 5650: 5641: 5634: 5629: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5601: 5595: 5591: 5585: 5578: 5573: 5566: 5561: 5554: 5549: 5542: 5537: 5530: 5525: 5518: 5512:, p. 136 5511: 5506: 5490: 5486: 5480: 5474:, p. 136 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5458: 5450: 5441: 5436: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5422: 5415: 5410: 5403: 5398: 5392:, p. 86. 5391: 5385: 5377: 5376: 5369: 5364: 5362: 5355: 5348: 5341: 5336: 5329: 5325: 5324: 5319: 5315: 5314:Matsya Purana 5312:Citations to 5309: 5302: 5296: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5281: 5275: 5266: 5261: 5256: 5252: 5247: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5237: 5234: 5227: 5222: 5215: 5210: 5204:, p. 228 5203: 5198: 5191: 5186: 5178: 5172: 5168: 5167: 5159: 5151: 5145: 5141: 5140: 5132: 5130: 5120: 5117: 5114: 5113: 5110: 5101: 5097: 5094: 5093: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5077: 5068: 5066: 5060: 5056: 5054: 5048: 5047: 5045: 5041: 5035: 5026: 5024: 5018: 5015: 5014: 5011: 5006: 5000: 4990: 4984: 4978: 4973: 4970: 4966: 4961: 4957: 4954: 4953: 4952: 4951: 4945: 4936: 4933: 4930: 4927: 4926: 4923: 4916: 4911: 4901: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4887: 4886: 4883: 4877:, p. 89. 4876: 4870: 4863: 4857: 4848: 4844: 4841: 4838: 4835: 4834: 4831: 4825:, p. 268 4824: 4820: 4814: 4807: 4802: 4795: 4788: 4784: 4778: 4771: 4766: 4759: 4752: 4747: 4740: 4735: 4729:, p. 77. 4728: 4724: 4723:Varaha Purana 4718: 4711: 4706: 4699: 4694: 4687: 4682: 4675: 4670: 4663: 4658: 4651: 4646: 4638: 4632: 4627: 4622: 4616: 4609: 4600: 4597: 4594: 4591: 4590: 4586: 4577: 4574: 4571: 4567: 4564: 4561: 4560: 4556: 4549: 4543: 4528:on 1 May 2015 4527: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4511: 4496: 4495:agasthiar.org 4492: 4486: 4479: 4473: 4467:, p. 176 4466: 4461: 4454: 4448: 4441: 4436: 4430:, p. 175 4429: 4424: 4415: 4412: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4390: 4384:, p. vii 4383: 4378: 4370: 4364: 4360: 4359: 4351: 4344: 4339: 4332: 4327: 4320: 4316: 4311: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4283: 4275: 4269: 4265: 4264: 4256: 4241: 4237: 4231: 4227: 4226: 4219: 4212: 4207: 4200: 4195: 4188: 4181: 4176: 4169: 4165: 4163: 4157: 4155: 4148: 4143: 4141: 4135: 4133: 4126: 4119: 4117: 4109: 4105: 4101: 4095: 4088: 4084: 4082: 4074: 4067: 4062: 4060: 4052: 4047: 4040: 4039:sacred waters 4035: 4030: 4027: 4019: 4010: 4008: 4002: 3999: 3995: 3989: 3984: 3981: 3980: 3977: 3970: 3966: 3962: 3958: 3955: 3950: 3943: 3938: 3931: 3926: 3920: 3914: 3909: 3903: 3896: 3891: 3889: 3881: 3876: 3869: 3860: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3849: 3842: 3826: 3822: 3821: 3816: 3810: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3791: 3783: 3775: 3769: 3765: 3764: 3759: 3753: 3745: 3739: 3735: 3730: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3710: 3705: 3698: 3691: 3685: 3678: 3673: 3665: 3658: 3651: 3646: 3639: 3630: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3609: 3606: 3603: 3599: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3585: 3584: 3578: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3557: 3554: 3553: 3547: 3537: 3531: 3527:, p. 1 " 3526: 3523: 3519: 3515:, p. 1 " 3514: 3511: 3510: 3504: 3497: 3492: 3486:, p. 73. 3485: 3480: 3474: 3468: 3462: 3461:Mudgalapurāṇa 3455: 3448: 3443: 3441: 3434:, p. 58. 3433: 3428: 3424: 3409: 3406: 3403: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3383: 3382:Adhi Vinayaka 3380: 3379: 3375: 3371: 3360: 3356: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3328: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3300: 3298: 3294: 3289: 3287: 3282: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3263: 3258: 3252: 3246: 3241: 3235: 3225: 3223: 3218: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3198: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3172: 3168: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3146: 3142: 3130: 3123: 3112: 3105: 3094: 3079: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3064: 3058: 3056: 3052: 3047: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3010: 3008: 3004: 3000: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2946: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2918: 2914: 2907: 2905: 2900: 2897: 2888: 2883: 2873: 2871: 2867: 2865: 2859: 2857: 2851: 2849: 2843: 2841: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2814: 2809: 2804: 2799: 2795: 2794: 2789: 2785: 2780: 2778: 2776: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2753: 2748: 2746: 2740: 2738: 2732: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2712: 2710: 2706: 2701: 2696: 2692: 2687: 2681: 2676: 2672: 2671:Brahmanaspati 2668: 2667: 2662: 2660: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2641: 2636: 2633:17th-century 2631: 2622: 2620: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2603: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2569: 2566: 2560: 2555: 2553: 2545: 2542: 2536: 2529: 2522: 2515: 2510: 2506: 2502: 2497: 2488: 2486: 2481: 2475: 2473: 2468: 2460: 2458: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2426: 2420: 2418: 2414: 2409: 2401: 2397: 2393: 2389: 2388: 2382: 2368: 2366: 2362: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2348: 2342: 2340: 2334: 2332: 2326: 2324: 2318: 2314: 2312: 2306: 2304: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2223: 2222:Uttar Pradesh 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2203: 2199: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2123: 2117: 2112: 2110: 2104: 2102: 2101:pãrśva-devatã 2091: 2086: 2082: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2042: 2037: 2028: 2023: 2014: 2012: 2011: 2006: 2004: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1989: 1984: 1983: 1981: 1974: 1969: 1967: 1966: 1960: 1954: 1953:raktachandana 1949: 1945: 1943: 1937: 1933: 1928: 1925: 1920: 1917: 1910: 1907: 1900: 1896: 1895:Bharatanatyam 1890: 1884: 1880: 1875: 1866: 1864: 1860: 1859: 1855: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1834:(safety) and 1832: 1827: 1826: 1820: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1792: 1790: 1784: 1780: 1777:(intellect), 1776: 1772: 1771: 1762: 1757: 1753: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1719: 1715: 1711: 1707: 1702: 1698: 1688: 1686: 1685:wheel of life 1682: 1681:sacral plexus 1678: 1677: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1647:According to 1640: 1638: 1634: 1628: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1606: 1600: 1598: 1597: 1592: 1590: 1589:oṃkārasvarūpa 1584: 1581: 1572: 1563: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1548: 1543: 1542: 1536: 1535: 1524: 1522: 1520: 1514: 1512: 1505: 1498: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1467: 1462: 1454: 1440: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1424: 1418: 1416: 1409: 1408: 1406: 1398: 1392: 1390: 1389: 1384: 1382: 1376: 1374: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1355: 1354:Matsya Purana 1350: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1305: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1275: 1271: 1270: 1264: 1256: 1253: 1248: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1219: 1217: 1215: 1209: 1205: 1202:prescribes a 1201: 1196: 1195: 1189: 1185: 1183: 1177: 1173: 1161: 1154: 1145: 1138: 1129: 1127: 1125: 1119: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1107: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1088: 1084: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1070: 1066: 1062: 1061: 1051: 1046: 1040: 1030: 1028: 1022: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 999: 994: 992: 985: 981: 976: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 937: 926: 925:Mahā Wināyaka 922: 917: 903: 899: 894: 892: 888: 884: 880: 877: 873: 869: 865: 861: 857: 853: 849: 839: 831: 827: 823: 818: 816: 814: 808: 806: 794: 790: 788: 776: 773:). The names 771: 762: 758: 757: 753:known as the 752: 747: 742: 738: 736: 724: 720: 718: 714: 712: 706: 702: 698: 697: 692: 688: 684: 680: 678: 672: 670: 664: 660: 658: 652: 648: 644: 643: 638: 637: 632: 628: 624: 622: 616: 614: 608: 603: 592: 587: 582: 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 557: 552: 547: 545: 541: 537: 535: 529: 521: 517: 516: 511: 507: 503: 499: 489: 487: 486: 481: 480: 475: 474: 469: 465: 461: 457: 451: 449: 444: 440: 436: 432: 427: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 379: 373: 365: 361: 353: 350: 346: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 322: 318: 314: 311: 307: 300: 297: 294: 291: 290: 288: 284: 279: 276: 272: 269: 265: 261: 257: 254: 253: 248: 247: 242: 241: 237: 235: 231: 228: 225: 223: 219: 216: 212: 208: 205: 201: 198: 194: 190: 187: 185: 181: 178: 175: 169: 166: 160: 157: 152: 148: 144: 138: 136: 132: 126: 125:Mount Kailash 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 95: 91: 87: 83: 78: 73: 68: 64: 57: 52: 49: 45: 41: 37: 33: 19: 10291:Liminal gods 10231:Fortune gods 10206:Creator gods 10170: 10153: 10141:from Commons 10136: 10119: 10098: 9970:Medaw Lay Ba 9925:Shin Thiwali 9884:Amay Yay Yin 9706: 9651:Anauk Mibaya 9621:Htibyuhsaung 9596:Maung Minbyu 9575:Shwe Sitthin 9565:Tabinshwehti 9549:Maungminshin 9528:Aungzwamagyi 9499:(Naga Medaw) 9396: 9389: 9380: 9373: 9366: 9291:Gramadevatas 9225: 9074: 9004: 8673:Adi Vinayaka 8648:Mahaganapati 8631: 8570: 8556: 8536: 8508: 8490: 8480:14 September 8478:, retrieved 8466: 8446: 8427: 8410: 8387: 8367: 8347: 8322: 8318: 8294: 8285: 8266: 8246: 8236: 8213: 8195: 8173: 8162: 8143: 8124: 8096: 8070: 8058: 8046: 8034: 8027:Krishan 1999 8007:. Retrieved 8002: 7992: 7980: 7968: 7960: 7933: 7928: 7916: 7904: 7892: 7880: 7868: 7845: 7818: 7806: 7794: 7782: 7770: 7758: 7746: 7734: 7722: 7710: 7705:, pp. 30–33. 7698: 7679: 7671: 7660: 7652: 7641: 7628: 7620: 7616: 7596: 7571: 7557: 7536: 7527: 7508: 7501:Krishan 1999 7496: 7484: 7477:Krishan 1999 7465: 7458:Krishan 1999 7452: 7417: 7412:Brown, p. 4. 7408: 7401:Krishan 1999 7392: 7378: 7373: 7361: 7357: 7348: 7312: 7299: 7296:Krishan 1999 7282: 7270: 7261: 7240: 7236: 7226: 7192: 7184: 7183:For text of 7179: 7158: 7131: 7121: 7114: 7109:, p. 70 7095: 7085: 7057: 7052: 7033: 7008: 7001:, p. 1. 6995:, p. 3. 6985: 6947: 6942: 6930: 6913: 6906:Krishan 1999 6901: 6892:Bhandarkar. 6888: 6880: 6876: 6855: 6848: 6843:, p. 33 6836: 6824: 6812: 6800: 6795:, p. 8. 6788: 6783:, p. 2. 6776: 6751: 6743: 6716: 6688: 6678: 6666: 6649: 6645: 6635: 6619: 6615: 6609: 6587:Mahāvināyaka 6580: 6572:the original 6562: 6557:, p. 147–158 6555:Krishan 1999 6550: 6543:Krishan 1999 6538: 6533: 6521: 6509:. Retrieved 6504: 6495: 6490:, p. 110–112 6483: 6471: 6464:Krishan 1999 6459: 6440: 6427: 6411: 6406: 6390: 6382: 6354: 6342: 6327: 6323: 6298: 6286: 6274: 6262: 6250: 6245: 6240:, p. 27 6233: 6220: 6215:, p. 38 6213:Krishan 1999 6208: 6201:Krishan 1999 6196: 6191: 6179: 6149: 6130: 6111: 6092: 6069: 6047: 6042: 6035:Krishan 1999 6023: 6004: 5990: 5976: 5973:Krishan 1999 5947: 5928: 5916: 5904: 5892: 5879: 5859: 5852: 5840: 5835: 5822: 5818: 5813:Linga Purana 5809: 5801: 5798:Shiva Purana 5797: 5793: 5764: 5725: 5717: 5709: 5697: 5665: 5657: 5649: 5640: 5633:Krishan 1999 5628: 5609: 5600: 5593: 5589: 5584: 5576: 5572: 5560: 5555:, p. 5. 5548: 5536: 5531:, p. 49 5517: 5505: 5493:. Retrieved 5489:the original 5479: 5467: 5463: 5454: 5449: 5421: 5414:Krishan 1999 5409: 5401: 5397: 5384: 5379:in Sanskrit. 5375:Bhāskararāya 5358: 5354:Mūṣakavāhana 5347: 5335: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5308: 5295: 5274: 5240:Krishan 1999 5233: 5228:, p. 49 5221: 5214:Krishan 1999 5209: 5197: 5185: 5165: 5158: 5138: 5109: 5099: 5090:Padma Purana 5089: 5085: 5076: 5062: 5058: 5050: 5043: 5034: 5027:for Ganesha. 5023:yajñyopavīta 5020: 4999: 4972:Krishan 1999 4948: 4944: 4935:Krishan 1999 4922: 4910: 4889:Krishan 1999 4882: 4875:Krishan 1999 4869: 4856: 4846: 4836: 4830: 4818: 4813: 4808:, p. 76 4794: 4789:, p. 78 4782: 4777: 4758: 4753:, p. 29 4746: 4741:, p. 1. 4734: 4722: 4717: 4705: 4700:, p. 77 4693: 4688:, p. 76 4681: 4676:, p. 78 4669: 4657: 4652:, p. 77 4645: 4608: 4585: 4555: 4542: 4530:. Retrieved 4526:the original 4519: 4510: 4498:. Retrieved 4494: 4485: 4480:, p. 16 4472: 4460: 4447: 4435: 4423: 4408:Krishan 1999 4389: 4377: 4357: 4350: 4338: 4326: 4292: 4288: 4282: 4262: 4255: 4246:20 September 4244:, retrieved 4224: 4218: 4213:, p. 62 4206: 4201:, p. 25 4187: 4175: 4168:Krishan 1999 4159: 4151: 4137: 4129: 4103: 4099: 4094: 4081:aṣṭavināyaka 4078: 4073: 4068:, p. 20 4051:Krishan 1999 4046: 4023: 4022:Y. Krishan, 4018: 4004: 4003:for text of 3976: 3964: 3949: 3937: 3907: 3902: 3868: 3841: 3829:. Retrieved 3818: 3809: 3787: 3782: 3762: 3752: 3727: 3716: 3711:, p. 27 3697: 3689: 3684: 3679:, p. 58 3672: 3663: 3657: 3652:, p. 80 3638: 3629: 3616:, p. 13 3577: 3546: 3503: 3498:, p. 6. 3491: 3454: 3449:, p. 5. 3427: 3398:, p. 10 3384:temple near 3374: 3359: 3334: 3301: 3290: 3272: 3266: 3237: 3219: 3199: 3164: 3160: 3157: 3147:, Indonesia. 3075: 3071: 3061: 3059: 3054: 3050: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3011: 3006: 3002: 2998: 2996: 2991: 2987: 2981: 2927:Adi Shankara 2920: 2909: 2901: 2893: 2869: 2861: 2853: 2845: 2837: 2833: 2830:South Indian 2825: 2817: 2807: 2791: 2788:Vedic period 2781: 2772: 2742: 2741:(2.9.1) and 2734: 2728: 2713: 2704: 2674: 2664: 2656: 2654: 2648: 2638: 2606: 2570: 2549: 2547: 2517: 2513: 2477: 2471: 2462: 2457:Gupta period 2421: 2405: 2385: 2360: 2344: 2336: 2328: 2320: 2308: 2300: 2298: 2290:Bhadrachalam 2266:Pazhavangadi 2262:Kottarakkara 2192:and Raipur ( 2163: 2122:aṣṭavināyaka 2106: 2098: 2096: 2085:Ashtavinayak 2062: 2039: 2032: 2008: 2000: 1996: 1986: 1976: 1970: 1963: 1939: 1929: 1912: 1902: 1891: 1887: 1856: 1825:Shiva Purana 1823: 1821: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1768: 1766: 1743: 1737: 1723: 1720:, New Delhi. 1674: 1670: 1666: 1646: 1643:First chakra 1630: 1602: 1594: 1586: 1577: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1545: 1539: 1532: 1530: 1516: 1508: 1499: 1494: 1491:Vighnaharta) 1490: 1483: 1480:Vighneshvara 1479: 1477: 1437:grāma-devatā 1436: 1432: 1428: 1420: 1412: 1401: 1393: 1386: 1378: 1373:Mūṣakavāhana 1370: 1362: 1358: 1352: 1346: 1325: 1317: 1309: 1301: 1293: 1289: 1281: 1277: 1268: 1260: 1254: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1220: 1211: 1208:Bhalachandra 1207: 1203: 1199: 1182:yajñyopavīta 1179: 1171: 1168: 1121: 1111: 1103: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1080: 1076: 1074: 1058: 1055: 1023: 1003:Ellora Caves 995: 988: 951: 939: 901: 895: 890: 882: 881:in the name 878: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 837: 825: 819: 810: 802: 793:Vighneshvara 792: 784: 774: 770:aṣṭavināyaka 756:Ashtavinayak 754: 740: 732: 722: 721: 708: 704: 700: 694: 690: 686: 682: 674: 666: 662: 654: 650: 646: 640: 634: 629:is found in 626: 618: 610: 606: 590: 576: 566: 554: 550: 548: 543: 539: 531: 513: 509: 506:Vighneshvara 505: 501: 497: 495: 483: 477: 471: 467: 452: 428: 399: 395: 391: 387: 383: 375: 359: 358: 250: 244: 238: 48: 10256:Wisdom gods 10196:Animal gods 10121:Definitions 9995:Ma Phae Wah 9980:Mya Nan Nwe 9895:Myauk Medaw 9890:Taung Medaw 9880:Anauk Medaw 9875:Ashay Medaw 9841:Lord of the 9824:Ko Myo Shin 9761:Koyin Maung 9707:Maha Peinne 9668:(Ma Hnelay) 9641:Min Kyawzwa 9585:Maung Po Tu 9492:Hnamadawgyi 9375:Mahabharata 9286:Kuladevatas 9065:Vishvakarma 8532:Baṭukanātha 8075:Thapan 1997 8063:Murthy 1985 8051:Thapan 1997 8039:Thapan 1997 7813:, p. 55–66. 7787:Thapan 1997 7775:Thapan 1997 7739:Bailey 1995 7727:Grimes 1995 7703:Thapan 1997 7634:Thapan 1997 7606:pañcāyatana 7601:Thapan 1997 7581:Grimes 1995 7560:pañcādevatā 7430:Mahābhārata 7395:Mahābhārata 7364:Mahābhārata 7047:, p. 69–70. 6923:Murthy 1985 6869:, p. 70–72. 6860:Thapan 1997 6829:Thapan 1997 6805:Bailey 1995 6723:, p. 4 6545:, p. 2 6526:Murthy 1985 6488:Grimes 1995 6433:Thapan 1997 6420:Thapan 1997 6369:Thapan 1997 6291:Thapan 1997 6238:Grimes 1995 6170:Thapan 1997 5966:Brahmacārin 5885:Thapan 1997 5671:Grimes 1995 5590:Buddhipriya 5543:, p. 6 5464:Vighneśvara 5390:Grimes 1995 5320:XXVII, and 5282:. Preface. 5251:Mayūreśvara 5246:Bailey 1995 5096:Bailey 1995 4843:Thapan 1997 4664:, p. 3 4612:Four-armed 4500:28 December 4211:Thapan 1997 4154:vighnahartā 4140:vighnakartā 4132:grāmadevatā 4066:Thapan 1997 4053:, p. 6 4001:Śāstri 1978 3969:Grimes 1995 3942:Grimes 1995 3882:, p. 2 3802:Thapan 1997 3614:Thapan 1997 3570:, p. 1 3564:, p. 1 3558:, p. 1 3273:tshogs bdag 3228:In Buddhism 3171:Philippines 3068:sahasranama 2834:Mahabharata 2826:Mahabharata 2818:Mahabharata 2808:Mahabharata 2793:Mahabharata 2784:Indian epic 2724:Tirucovalur 2649:Mahabharata 2640:Mahabharata 2396:Afghanistan 2347:Vighneśvara 2303:Vighneśvara 2170:Ganpatipule 2054:Maharashtra 1942:modakapātra 1863:Santoshi Ma 1852:. The 1975 1805:Maharashtra 1770:brahmachari 1763:(1848–1906) 1585:. The term 1552:Buddhipriya 1519:vighnahartā 1511:vighnakartā 1484:Vighnaraja, 1478:Ganesha is 1433:Vigneshvara 1304:Mayūreśvara 1214:bhālacandra 1118:cosmic eggs 1087:incarnation 970:Iconography 952:Gana deviyo 902:Maha Peinne 805:vighneśvara 751:Maharashtra 343:Equivalents 93:Affiliation 10241:Hindu gods 10185:Categories 10155:Quotations 10020:Wathondare 9803:Bago Medaw 9782:U Shin Gyi 9757:(Me Wunna) 9755:Popa Medaw 9741:Other nats 9727:Thuyathadi 9721:Paramethwa 9560:Nyaunggyin 9551:(Shin Byu) 9545:(Shin Nyo) 9543:Taungmagyi 9518:Thandawgan 9503:Thonbanhla 9497:Shwe Nabay 9357:Upanishads 9276:Gandharvas 9000:Dattatreya 8788:Ranjangaon 7975:, p. 311. 7942:8120816536 7921:Nagar 1992 7909:Getty 1936 7897:Getty 1936 7885:Getty 1936 7873:Getty 1936 7853:Nagar 1992 7838:Brown 1991 7823:Getty 1936 7811:Getty 1936 7799:Getty 1936 7763:Nagar 1992 7751:Nagar 1992 7691:Brown 1991 7549:Brahmins. 7520:Brown 1991 7489:Brown 1991 7445:Brown 1991 7339:Brown 1991 7275:Heras 1972 7219:Brown 1991 7191:2.9.1 and 7107:Brown 1991 7076:8171101380 7045:Brown 1991 7020:Brown 1991 6993:Nagar 1992 6966:8171101380 6894:Vaisnavism 6867:Brown 1991 6841:Brown 1991 6793:Brown 1991 6781:Brown 1991 6736:Brown 1991 6721:Nagar 1992 6709:Brown 1991 6671:Brown 1991 6602:Brown 1991 6528:, p. 91–92 6511:22 October 6476:Brown 1991 6397:Brown 1991 6363:Brown 1991 6336:088706664X 6164:Brown 1991 6142:Brown 1991 6123:Brown 1991 6104:Brown 1991 6085:Brown 1991 6062:Brown 1991 6016:Brown 1991 5993:brahmacārī 5955:Getty 1936 5940:Brown 1991 5909:Brown 1991 5845:Nagar 1992 5772:Nagar 1992 5691:0893891584 5622:8120820002 5608:; p. 187 ( 5553:Nagar 1992 5541:Brown 1991 5529:Brown 1991 5468:Vighnarāja 5440:Brown 1991 5280:Nagar 1992 5265:Brown 1991 5116:Nagar 1992 5082:Nagar 1992 5040:Nagar 1992 5017:Nagar 1992 4895:Brown 1991 4862:Nagar 1992 4806:Brown 1991 4787:Nagar 1992 4770:Brown 1991 4751:Heras 1972 4739:Getty 1936 4727:Brown 1991 4710:Brown 1991 4698:Brown 1991 4686:Brown 1991 4674:Nagar 1992 4662:Brown 1991 4650:Nagar 1992 4599:Brown 1991 4548:Brown 1991 4465:Brown 1991 4428:Brown 1991 4343:Brown 1991 4331:Brown 1991 4310:1813/53865 4199:Brown 1991 3925:Gaṇakrīḍaḥ 3919:Gaṇeśvaraḥ 3853:Brown 1991 3831:4 November 3797:Gāṇapatyas 3709:Brown 1991 3677:Heras 1972 3602:Indo-China 3594:Getty 1936 3588:Nagar 1992 3568:Brown 1991 3525:Getty 1936 3513:Brown 1991 3447:Getty 1936 3432:Heras 1972 3396:Brown 1991 3305:Vajiravudh 3209:City, and 3044:, and the 2848:Śāntiparva 2768:vakratuṇḍa 2758:Vakratuṇḍa 2643:depicting 2611:Indian art 2413:terracotta 2408:Indo-Greek 2317:Sacred fig 2258:Tamil Nadu 2246:Coimbatore 2159:Ranjangaon 2003:śuklapakṣa 1988:Bhadrapada 1980:śuklapakṣa 1879:Durga Puja 1854:Hindi film 1695:See also: 1633:Devanāgarī 1625:Swargaloka 1615:. You are 1504:Ganapatyas 1381:Ākhuketana 1340:, ram, or 1310:Dhumraketu 1290:Vighnaraja 1278:Vakratunda 1124:brahmāṇḍas 991:Indian art 944:Sri Lankan 912:pronounced 843:பிள்ளையார் 798:विघ्नेश्वर 765:अष्टविनायक 669:Dvaimātura 657:Vighnarāja 642:Amarakosha 441:; and the 10201:Arts gods 9955:Lawka Nat 9940:Bo Bo Gyi 9900:Amay Gyan 9796:Bago nats 9748:Popa nats 9697:Beikthano 9666:Shin Nemi 9636:Min Sithu 9590:Yun Bayin 9533:Ngazishin 9477:Thagyamin 9296:Rakshasas 9166:Mahavidya 9109:Saraswati 9096:Goddesses 9025:Kartikeya 8870:Kartikeya 8850:Vinayakas 8758:Siddhatek 8698:Ganapatya 8419:776939647 8077:, p. 158. 8065:, p. 122. 8041:, p. 157. 8029:, p. 121. 7987:, p. 313. 7923:, p. 185. 7861:, p. 311. 7855:, p. 175. 7789:, p. 152. 7777:, p. 170. 7753:, p. 175. 7655:. p. 103. 7583:, p. 162. 7503:, p. 103. 7491:, p. 183. 7381:Ādiparvan 7025:Bṛhaspati 7022:, p. 69. 6999:Mate 1962 6908:, p. vii. 6819:p. 10–11. 6435:, p. 226. 6422:, p. 225. 6349:, p. 150. 6249:The term 6075:Sarasvati 5830:23.18–59. 5738:kamaṇḍalu 5718:upamantra 5658:upamantra 5565:Apte 1965 5495:29 August 5472:Mate 1962 5065:trinetraṁ 4849:2.56.38–9 4839:2.3.42.34 4823:Apte 1965 4521:The Hindu 4289:Indonesia 4144:, and as 4104:Vighnesha 4087:Mate 1962 4007:Amarakośa 3988:Amarakośa 3906:The word 3895:Apte 1965 3859:Apte 1965 3790:gāṇapatya 3620:Apte 1965 3420:Citations 3269:Vajrayana 3187:Indochina 3051:Ganapatya 3038:Brahmanda 2984:Ganapatya 2937:, Shiva, 2870:Vanaparva 2709:Ganapatya 2686:Bṛhaspati 2680:Bṛhaspati 2635:Rajasthan 2619:Sri Lanka 2596:Vināyakas 2586:Vināyakas 2581:Vinayakas 2528:Brāhmaṇic 2521:Brāhmaṇic 2509:Indonesia 2501:Prambanan 2294:Telangana 2286:Karnataka 2226:Kanipakam 2198:Rajasthan 2135:Siddhatek 2058:pavilions 1997:cathurthī 1906:Gaṇeshāya 1795:Sarasvati 1746:Kartikeya 1662:mūlādhāra 1657:Muladhara 1655:, called 1639:scripts. 1294:Mohotkata 1188:third eye 1096:Lambodara 984:Karnataka 948:Sinhalese 931:မဟာဝိနာယက 907:မဟာပိန္နဲ 883:Pillaiyar 876:root word 852:pillaiyar 838:Pillaiyar 775:Vighnesha 701:Lambodara 677:Gaṇādhipa 663:Vighnesha 549:The name 510:Pillaiyar 468:Ganapatya 448:anecdotes 412:Ganapatya 400:Pillaiyar 396:Lambodara 315:(brother) 313:Kartikeya 281:Genealogy 267:Festivals 211:Wednesday 105:Ganapatya 67:Ganapatya 10091:Religion 10079:Hinduism 10010:Bhummaso 10005:Akathaso 9935:Ponmagyi 9732:Thukanda 9592:(Mekuti) 9487:Mahagiri 9412:Hinduism 9368:Ramayana 9310:Yakshini 9216:Shashthi 9176:Matrikas 9161:Mahadevi 8963:Trimurti 8886:Hinduism 8879:See also 8855:Vinayaki 8778:Lenyadri 8733:Kangiten 8728:Buddhism 8559:Amarkoṣa 8546:Vārāṇasī 8535:(1991), 8194:(1987), 8094:(1995). 7619:and the 7589:, p. ix. 7587:Pal 1995 7522:, p. 73. 7447:, p. 80. 7277:, p. 28. 7253:Archived 7249:29757520 7208:āraṇyaka 7067:Maṇḍalas 6957:Maṇḍalas 6883:, I, 21. 6831:, p. 75. 6691:: 89–91. 6628:29755703 6414:maṇḍapas 6393:, p. 95. 6314:) see: ( 5921:Oka 1913 5804:154.547. 5316:260.54, 4593:Pal 1995 4576:Pal 1995 4570:Pal 1995 4532:30 April 4478:Pal 1995 4414:Pal 1995 4240:archived 4136:, he is 3991:1.38 as 3983:Oka 1913 3957:Archived 3825:Archived 3763:Hinduism 3760:(2009). 3724:(1996). 3467:Mamāsura 3392:Cambodia 3297:Kangiten 3251:Vināyaka 3245:Vināyaka 3240:Mahayana 3207:Salatiga 3191:Buddhism 3145:Salatiga 3141:Kangiten 3001:and the 2990:and the 2923:Smartism 2840:vināyaka 2716:Avvaiyar 2700:gaṇapati 2675:Rig Veda 2666:Rig Veda 2659:gaṇapati 2485:Shaivism 2361:Vinayaka 2282:Idagunji 2270:Kasargod 2218:Varanasi 2151:Lenyadri 2116:pradhāna 2050:Brahmins 1903:Om Shri 1901:such as 1544:and the 1443:Features 1405:tamoguṇa 1397:Gaṇapati 1338:tortoise 1334:elephant 1318:Gajanana 1120:; IAST: 1100:Mahodara 1077:Ekadanta 982:-style, 946:, among 936:Thailand 872:elephant 787:vighneśa 741:Binayaka 735:vināyaka 723:Vinayaka 717:elephant 711:gajānana 705:Gajanana 691:Ekadanta 683:Ganapati 651:Vinayaka 627:Ganapati 602:gaṇapati 591:Ganapati 520:Sanskrit 498:Ganapati 482:and the 464:Shaivism 439:sciences 431:elephant 392:Vinayaka 388:Ganapati 364:Sanskrit 352:Kangiten 336:celibate 309:Siblings 301:(mother) 295:(father) 189:Swastika 18:Vinayaka 10191:Ganesha 10099:Ganesha 10053:Portals 10015:Yokkaso 9833:Hkuntha 9830:Hkuncho 9661:Shingwa 9656:Shingon 9555:Shindaw 9513:Mintara 9362:Puranas 9350:Atharva 9319:Texts ( 9306:Yakshas 9301:Vahanas 9271:Dikpāla 9244:Apsaras 9196:Rukmini 9171:Matangi 9119:Parvati 9114:Lakshmi 9104:Tridevi 9030:Krishna 9010:Hanuman 9005:Ganesha 8995:Chandra 8990:Ashvins 8865:Parvati 8753:Morgaon 8691:Worship 8663:Heramba 8632:Ganesha 8339:3249845 7609:in the 7427:in the 6466:, p. 92 6140:", in: 6121:", in: 6102:", in: 6083:", in: 6060:", in: 6014:", in: 5783:Purāṇas 5750:Pārvatī 5470:, see: 5053:dhyānam 4406:", in: 4319:3351212 4106:, see: 3878:, see: 3479:Gaṇeśha 3337:Jainism 3331:Jainism 3307:of the 3262:Heramba 3046:Mudgala 3042:Ganesha 2982:In the 2917:extent. 2896:Puranic 2615:coinage 2602:Purāṇas 2535:Purāṇic 2467:Purāṇic 2214:Gujarat 2186:Jodhpur 2131:Morgaon 2075:Temples 1999:of the 1962:grass ( 1950:paste ( 1899:Mantras 1883:Cologne 1817:Kala Bo 1809:Lakshmi 1734:Puranic 1730:Parvati 1714:Parvati 1621:Brahman 1487:Marathi 1342:peacock 1312:uses a 1296:uses a 1242:Vahanas 1210:(IAST: 1110:). 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