283:, unexpectedly, did not encode a regulatory protein. Instead, it gave rise to some small RNA molecules, 22 and 61 nucleotides in length, which Ambros called lin-4S (short) and lin-4L (long). Sequence analysis showed that lin-4S was part of lin-4L: lin-4L was predicted to form a stem-loop structure, with lin-4S contained in one of the arms, the 5' arm. Furthermore, Ambros, together with
38:
847:
Pasquinelli, A. E.; Reinhart, B. J.; Slack, F.; Martindale, M. Q.; Kuroda, M. I.; Maller, B.; Hayward, D. C.; Ball, E. E.; Degnan, B.; MĂĽller, B.; Spring, P.; Srinivasan, J. R.; Fishman, A.; Finnerty, M.; Corbo, J.; Levine, J.; Leahy, M.; Davidson, P.; Ruvkun, E. (2000). "Conservation of the sequence
306:, was characterized by the Ruvkun lab and found to be conserved in many species, including vertebrates. These discoveries confirmed that Ambros had in fact discovered a class of small RNAs with conserved functions. These molecules are now known as
795:
Reinhart, B. J.; Slack, F. J.; Basson, M.; Pasquinelli, A. E.; Bettinger, J. C.; Rougvie, A. E.; Horvitz, H. R.; Ruvkun, G. (2000). "The 21-nucleotide let-7 RNA regulates developmental timing in
Caenorhabditis elegans".
287:(Harvard), discovered that lin-4S was partially complementary to several sequences in the 3' untranslated region of the messenger RNA encoding the LIN-14 protein. Ambros and colleagues hypothesized that
2272:
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238:
in 2008, and currently holds the title of
Silverman Professor of Natural Sciences in the program in Molecular Medicine, endowed by his former Dartmouth student, Howard Scott Silverman.
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function had persistently high levels of LIN-14 and displayed developmental timing defects. However, the mechanism for control of LIN-14 remained unknown.
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was responsible for the progressive repression of the protein LIN-14 during larval development of the worm; mutant worms deficient in
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1101:
385:
206:
war refugee and Victor grew up on a small dairy farm in
Hartland, Vermont in a family of eight children, and went to school at
668:
Chalfie, M.; Horvitz, H. R.; Sulston, J. E. (1981). "Mutations that lead to reiterations in the cell lineages of C. Elegans".
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120:
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72:
756:"Posttranscriptional regulation of the heterochronic gene lin-14 by lin-4 mediates temporal pattern formation in C. Elegans"
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1255:
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538:
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1008:
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Ambros, V. (1989). "A hierarchy of regulatory genes controls a larva-to-adult developmental switch in C. Elegans".
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222:. Ambros continued his research at MIT as the first postdoctoral fellow in the lab of future Nobel laureate
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1283:
1219:
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379:
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1207:
207:
485:
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899:
629:"The C. Elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small RNAs with antisense complementarity to lin-14"
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61:
260:. Previous research, including work by Ambros and Horvitz, had revealed that a gene known as
246:
In 1993, Ambros and his co-workers
Rosalind Lee and Rhonda Feinbaum reported in the journal
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8:
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1979:
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in 2007. He was elected a Fellow of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2011.
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926:"Victor Ambros awarded 2015 $ 3M Breakthrough Prize for co-discovery of microRNAs"
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952:"Victor Ambros awarded 2016 March of Dimes prize for co-discovery of MicroRNAs"
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2008: Massachusetts
General Hospital Warren Triennial Prize (co-recipient with
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1969:
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could regulate LIN-14 through binding of lin-4S to these sequences in the
2186:
2119:
2007:
1936:
1610:
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1566:
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1309:
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2001:
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that they had discovered single-stranded non-protein-coding regulatory
1870:
1741:
1672:
1181:
1115:
869:
817:
1038:
307:
175:
86:
846:
103:
2273:
Recipients of the Albert Lasker Award for Basic
Medical Research
848:
and temporal expression of let-7 heterochronic regulatory RNA".
1409:
2248:
Massachusetts
Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
794:
570:"In the Tradition of Science: An Interview with Victor Ambros"
268:, a nematode often studied as a model organism. Specifically,
1811:
1241:
37:
2278:
Members of the United States
National Academy of Sciences
253:
954:. University of Massachusetts Medical School. 3 May 2016
2293:
Benjamin
Franklin Medal (Franklin Institute) laureates
904:
AAAS – The World's Largest General Scientific Society
667:
2268:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
329:
American Association for the Advancement of Science
375:for outstanding contributions in the past 15 years
626:
295:transcript in a type of antisense RNA mechanism.
2224:
998:
753:
627:Lee, R. C.; Feinbaum, R. L.; Ambros, V. (1993).
264:was important for normal larval development of
471:Dr. Paul Janssen Award for Biomedical Research
408:Albert Lasker Award for Basic Medical Research
352:for Distinguished Work in Medical Research of
1797:
984:
545:March of Dimes Prize in Developmental Biology
395:of The Franklin Institute (co-recipient with
214:in 1975 and completed his PhD in 1979 at the
932:. University of Massachusetts Medical School
331:for the most outstanding paper published in
16:American developmental biologist (born 1953)
1804:
1790:
991:
977:
312:United States National Academy of Sciences
236:University of Massachusetts Medical School
234:in 1992. Ambros joined the faculty at the
218:, under the supervision of Nobel laureate
180:University of Massachusetts Medical School
149:University of Massachusetts Medical School
36:
1376:The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration
923:
771:
754:Wightman, B.; Ha, I.; Ruvkun, G. (1993).
644:
603:
585:
567:
210:. He received his BS in Biology from the
241:
393:Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Science
386:Gairdner Foundation International Award
336:(co-recipient with the laboratories of
2225:
710:
1785:
972:
216:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
212:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
121:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
73:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
900:"Newcomb Cleveland Prize Recipients"
2253:University of Massachusetts faculty
924:Fessenden, Jim (10 November 2014).
620:
539:Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences
13:
178:(miRNA). He is a professor at the
14:
2304:
2243:American people of Polish descent
460:University of Southern California
373:Genetics Society of America Medal
279:Ambros and colleagues found that
114:M.I.T. Center for Cancer Research
226:. He became a faculty member at
944:
302:small RNA regulatory molecule,
174:who discovered the first known
917:
892:
840:
788:
747:
704:
661:
568:Gitschier, Jane (2010-03-05).
561:
1:
555:
193:
85:discovery of the first known
1284:Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
773:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90530-4
725:10.1016/0092-8674(89)90171-2
682:10.1016/0092-8674(81)90501-8
646:10.1016/0092-8674(93)90529-Y
587:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000853
380:National Academy of Sciences
310:. Ambros was elected to the
7:
1208:Supernova Cosmology Project
208:Woodstock Union High School
10:
2309:
2258:Harvard University faculty
486:Keio Medical Science Prize
441:Louisa Gross Horwitz Prize
256:molecules in the organism
76:(B.S., 1975) (Ph.D., 1979)
18:
2263:Dartmouth College faculty
2169:
2086:
2017:
1950:
1859:
1820:
1447:
1100:
1007:
350:Lewis S. Rosenstiel Award
317:
157:
109:
99:
92:
81:
68:
44:
35:
28:
501:Gruber Prize in Genetics
434:University of Pittsburgh
142:Dartmouth Medical School
19:Not to be confused with
2288:Massry Prize recipients
1702:Shankar Balasubramanian
1438:Alexander Zamolodchikov
1370:Peter van Nieuwenhuizen
325:Newcomb Cleveland Prize
172:developmental biologist
2191:Lynne Elizabeth Maquat
2177:Emmanuelle Charpentier
1814:Wolf Prize in Medicine
1716:Clifford P. Brangwynne
1549:Emmanuelle Charpentier
520:Wolf Prize in Medicine
168:Hanover, New Hampshire
62:Hanover, New Hampshire
1220:High-Z Supernova Team
475:Johnson & Johnson
378:2007: Elected to the
242:Discovery of microRNA
230:in 1984 and moved to
2238:American geneticists
2029:Alexander Varshavsky
1931:Elizabeth F. Neufeld
1891:Jean-Pierre Changeux
1885:Stanley Norman Cohen
1659:Virginia Man-Yee Lee
1523:Alexander Varshavsky
1342:Jocelyn Bell Burnell
1240:and contributors to
2160:Jeffrey M. Friedman
1986:Stanley B. Prusiner
1643:Jeffrey M. Friedman
1533:Charles David Allis
1218:and members of the
1206:and members of the
862:2000Natur.408...86P
810:2000Natur.403..901R
547:(co-recipient with
526:(co-recipient with
507:(co-recipient with
492:(co-recipient with
477:(co-recipient with
462:(co-recipient with
447:(co-recipient with
445:Columbia University
410:(co-recipient with
356:(co-recipient with
354:Brandeis University
202:. His father was a
198:Ambros was born in
2138:Jeffrey V. Ravetch
2059:Alexander Levitzki
1980:Yasutomi Nishizuka
1881:Barbara McClintock
1736:Masashi Yanagisawa
1647:Franz-Ulrich Hartl
1577:Stephen J. Elledge
1529:Alim Louis Benabid
1416:Charles H. Bennett
1366:Daniel Z. Freedman
1316:Charles L. Bennett
1280:Arthur B. McDonald
1268:KĹŤichirĹŤ Nishikawa
1198:John Henry Schwarz
1188:Alexander Polyakov
1166:Michel Della Negra
1085:Daniel A. Spielman
1000:Breakthrough Prize
228:Harvard University
128:Harvard University
2220:
2219:
2201:Daniel J. Drucker
2063:Anthony R. Hunter
2035:Ralph L. Brinster
1917:Pedro Cuatrecasas
1905:Donald F. Steiner
1895:Solomon H. Snyder
1850:Oleh Hornykiewicz
1812:Laureates of the
1779:
1778:
1758:Fredrick Van Goor
1651:Arthur L. Horwich
1625:Adrian R. Krainer
1519:Richard P. Lifton
1477:Napoleone Ferrara
1457:Cornelia Bargmann
1306:Andrew Strominger
1302:Joseph Polchinski
1112:Nima Arkani-Hamed
1061:Vincent Lafforgue
1051:Christopher Hacon
804:(6772): 901–906.
505:Gruber Foundation
298:In 2000, another
232:Dartmouth College
224:H. Robert Horvitz
170:) is an American
161:
160:
153:
146:
139:
135:Dartmouth College
132:
125:
118:
94:Scientific career
77:
2300:
2211:José-Alain Sahel
2154:James P. Allison
2144:Lewis C. Cantley
2134:Philippa Marrack
1976:Michael Berridge
1806:
1799:
1792:
1783:
1782:
1770:Andrew Singleton
1720:Anthony A. Hyman
1690:Jeffery W. Kelly
1685:
1677:Richard J. Youle
1621:C. Frank Bennett
1615:Don W. Cleveland
1589:Yoshinori Ohsumi
1515:Robert S. Langer
1503:James P. Allison
1465:Lewis C. Cantley
1406:Hidetoshi Katori
1386:Jens H. Gundlach
1296:Super-Kamiokande
1178:Joseph Incandela
1162:Fabiola Gianotti
1124:Maxim Kontsevich
1079:Takuro Mochizuki
1021:Maxim Kontsevich
993:
986:
979:
970:
969:
964:
963:
961:
959:
948:
942:
941:
939:
937:
921:
915:
914:
912:
911:
896:
890:
889:
870:10.1038/35040556
844:
838:
837:
818:10.1038/35002607
792:
786:
785:
775:
751:
745:
744:
708:
702:
701:
665:
659:
658:
648:
624:
618:
617:
607:
589:
565:
494:Shigekazu Nagata
164:Victor R. Ambros
151:
144:
137:
130:
123:
116:
75:
58:
55:December 1, 1953
54:
52:
40:
30:Victor R. Ambros
26:
25:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2298:
2297:
2223:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2181:Jennifer Doudna
2165:
2116:Nahum Sonenberg
2110:Ronald M. Evans
2104:Rudolf Jaenisch
2100:Shinya Yamanaka
2082:
2049:Robert Weinberg
2043:Oliver Smithies
2013:
1946:
1941:Edward B. Lewis
1875:James L. Gowans
1855:
1836:Jon J. van Rood
1816:
1810:
1780:
1775:
1766:Ellen Sidransky
1746:Michel Sadelain
1732:Emmanuel Mignot
1706:David Klenerman
1679:
1669:Catherine Dulac
1581:Harry F. Noller
1559:Karl Deisseroth
1545:Jennifer Doudna
1511:Michael N. Hall
1497:Bert Vogelstein
1493:Shinya Yamanaka
1489:Robert Weinberg
1485:Charles Sawyers
1443:
1420:Gilles Brassard
1400:Steven Weinberg
1382:Eric Adelberger
1292:YĹŤichirĹŤ Suzuki
1204:Saul Perlmutter
1170:Tejinder Virdee
1154:Stephen Hawking
1103:
1096:
1017:Simon Donaldson
1003:
997:
967:
957:
955:
950:
949:
945:
935:
933:
922:
918:
909:
907:
898:
897:
893:
856:(6808): 86–89.
845:
841:
793:
789:
752:
748:
709:
705:
666:
662:
625:
621:
580:(3): e1000853.
566:
562:
558:
532:Nahum Sonenberg
524:Wolf Foundation
513:David Baulcombe
490:Keio University
416:David Baulcombe
401:David Baulcombe
338:David P. Bartel
320:
244:
220:David Baltimore
196:
147:
140:
133:
126:
119:
69:Alma mater
64:
59:
56:
50:
48:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2306:
2296:
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2290:
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2265:
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2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2204:
2198:
2195:Adrian Krainer
2184:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2148:C. Ronald Kahn
2141:
2127:
2113:
2107:
2097:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2070:
2056:
2053:Roger Y. Tsien
2046:
2039:Mario Capecchi
2032:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2005:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1973:
1967:
1964:Seymour Benzer
1961:
1958:Maclyn McCarty
1954:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1934:
1924:
1914:
1911:Osamu Hayaishi
1908:
1902:
1899:James W. Black
1888:
1878:
1867:CĂ©sar Milstein
1863:
1861:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1846:Arvid Carlsson
1839:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1809:
1808:
1801:
1794:
1786:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1754:Paul Negulescu
1739:
1724:Demis Hassabis
1713:
1694:Katalin KarikĂł
1687:
1662:
1640:
1633:Xiaowei Zhuang
1618:
1607:Kazutoshi Mori
1596:
1574:
1552:
1526:
1500:
1473:Titia de Lange
1461:David Botstein
1453:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1441:
1431:
1413:
1403:
1393:
1379:
1373:
1362:Sergio Ferrara
1355:
1345:
1335:
1328:Lyman Page Jr.
1324:Norman Jarosik
1313:
1299:
1288:Takaaki Kajita
1245:
1244:project (2016)
1223:
1201:
1191:
1185:
1147:
1136:Nathan Seiberg
1132:Juan Maldacena
1108:
1106:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1094:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1064:
1058:
1055:James McKernan
1048:
1042:
1036:
1033:Richard Taylor
1013:
1011:
1005:
1004:
996:
995:
988:
981:
973:
966:
965:
943:
916:
891:
839:
787:
766:(5): 855–862.
746:
703:
660:
639:(5): 843–854.
619:
559:
557:
554:
553:
552:
541:
535:
516:
497:
482:
467:
452:
437:
426:
419:
404:
389:
388:(co-recipient)
382:
376:
369:
346:
319:
316:
243:
240:
195:
192:
159:
158:
155:
154:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
90:
89:
83:
82:Known for
79:
78:
70:
66:
65:
60:
46:
42:
41:
33:
32:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2305:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2233:Living people
2231:
2230:
2228:
2212:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2168:
2161:
2158:
2155:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2124:Victor Ambros
2121:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2101:
2098:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2026:
2025:Avram Hershko
2023:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2009:
2006:
2003:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1970:Judah Folkman
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1942:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1927:Henri G. Hers
1925:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1896:
1892:
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1762:Thomas Gasser
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1425:
1424:David Deutsch
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1260:Atsuto Suzuki
1257:
1256:Daya Bay team
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1235:
1231:
1230:Ronald Drever
1227:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1212:Brian Schmidt
1209:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1194:Michael Green
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1189:
1186:
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1179:
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1174:Guido Tonelli
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1155:
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1144:Edward Witten
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1120:Alexei Kitaev
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1073:Martin Hairer
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1045:Jean Bourgain
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930:UMass med NOW
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430:Dickson Prize
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200:New Hampshire
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188:Massachusetts
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84:
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74:
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67:
63:
57:(age 70)
47:
43:
39:
34:
27:
22:
21:Victor Ambrus
2207:Botond Roska
2130:John Kappler
2123:
2094:Axel Ullrich
2077:Aharon Razin
2073:Howard Cedar
1998:Michael Sela
1992:Mary F. Lyon
1921:Meir Wilchek
1842:Roger Sperry
1832:Jean Dausset
1828:George Snell
1710:Pascal Mayer
1655:David Julius
1637:Zhijian Chen
1603:Peter Walter
1599:Joanne Chory
1571:Svante Pääbo
1536:
1469:Hans Clevers
1395:
1357:
1348:Charles Kane
1337:
1320:Gary Hinshaw
1238:Rainer Weiss
1225:
1184:(LHC) (2013)
1149:
1128:Andrei Linde
956:. Retrieved
946:
934:. Retrieved
929:
919:
908:. Retrieved
906:. 2013-07-05
903:
894:
853:
849:
842:
801:
797:
790:
763:
759:
749:
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716:
712:
706:
676:(1): 59–69.
673:
669:
663:
636:
632:
622:
577:
573:
563:
456:Massry Prize
332:
299:
297:
292:
288:
280:
278:
273:
269:
265:
261:
247:
245:
197:
166:(born 1953,
163:
162:
110:Institutions
93:
2283:1953 births
2187:Joan Steitz
2120:Gary Ruvkun
2067:Tony Pawson
2008:Eric Kandel
1937:John Gurdon
1728:John Jumper
1680: [
1665:David Baker
1611:Kim Nasmyth
1593:Huda Zoghbi
1567:Helen Hobbs
1541:Gary Ruvkun
1481:Eric Lander
1352:Eugene Mele
1310:Cumrun Vafa
1298:team (2016)
1252:Kam-Biu Luk
1248:Yifang Wang
1158:Peter Jenni
1102:Fundamental
1029:Terence Tao
1025:Jacob Lurie
1009:Mathematics
958:9 September
936:6 September
549:Gary Ruvkun
528:Gary Ruvkun
509:Gary Ruvkun
479:Gary Ruvkun
464:Gary Ruvkun
449:Gary Ruvkun
436:in medicine
423:Gary Ruvkun
412:Gary Ruvkun
397:Gary Ruvkun
366:Gary Ruvkun
362:Andrew Fire
358:Craig Mello
285:Gary Ruvkun
145:(2001–2007)
138:(1992–2001)
131:(1985–1992)
124:(1976–1979)
117:(1975–1976)
2227:Categories
2002:Ruth Arnon
1563:John Hardy
1434:John Cardy
1234:Kip Thorne
1216:Adam Riess
1180:(CMS) and
1140:Ashoke Sen
1067:Alex Eskin
910:2018-03-23
556:References
406:2008: The
300:C. elegans
266:C. elegans
258:C. elegans
194:Background
51:1953-12-01
1871:Leo Sachs
1742:Carl June
1673:Dennis Lo
1182:Lyn Evans
1164:(ATLAS),
1116:Alan Guth
1002:laureates
596:1553-7404
184:Worcester
2045:(2002/3)
1994:(1996/7)
1988:(1995/6)
1982:(1994/5)
1907:(1984/5)
1294:and the
1282:and the
1270:and the
1262:and the
1254:and the
1039:Ian Agol
878:11081512
826:10706289
741:13103224
698:33933388
614:20221254
308:microRNA
176:microRNA
87:microRNA
1396:Special
1358:Special
1338:Special
1264:KamLAND
1226:Special
1150:Special
1104:physics
886:4401732
858:Bibcode
834:4384503
806:Bibcode
782:8252622
733:2702689
690:7237544
655:8252621
605:2832673
334:Science
327:of the
152:(2008–)
104:Biology
2213:(2024)
2203:(2023)
2197:(2021)
2183:(2020)
2162:(2019)
2156:(2017)
2150:(2016)
2140:(2015)
2126:(2014)
2112:(2012)
2106:(2011)
2096:(2010)
2079:(2008)
2069:(2005)
2055:(2004)
2031:(2001)
2010:(1999)
2004:(1998)
1972:(1992)
1966:(1991)
1960:(1990)
1943:(1989)
1933:(1988)
1923:(1987)
1913:(1986)
1901:(1982)
1887:(1981)
1877:(1980)
1852:(1979)
1838:(1978)
1772:(2024)
1738:(2023)
1712:(2022)
1686:(2021)
1661:(2020)
1639:(2019)
1617:(2018)
1595:(2017)
1573:(2016)
1551:(2015)
1525:(2014)
1499:(2013)
1440:(2024)
1430:(2023)
1412:(2022)
1410:Jun Ye
1402:(2021)
1392:(2021)
1378:(2020)
1372:(2019)
1354:(2019)
1344:(2018)
1334:(2018)
1312:(2017)
1286:team,
1278:team,
1266:team,
1222:(2015)
1200:(2014)
1190:(2013)
1146:(2012)
1093:(2024)
1087:(2023)
1081:(2022)
1075:(2021)
1069:(2020)
1063:(2019)
1057:(2018)
1047:(2017)
1041:(2016)
1035:(2015)
884:
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850:Nature
832:
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798:Nature
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537:2015:
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469:2012:
454:2009:
439:2009:
428:2009:
391:2008:
384:2008:
371:2006:
364:, and
348:2005:
323:2002:
318:Awards
293:lin-14
204:Polish
100:Fields
2170:2020s
2087:2010s
2018:2000s
1951:1990s
1860:1980s
1821:1970s
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882:S2CID
830:S2CID
737:S2CID
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522:from
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