306:, as "American radicals." They were attracted to Cuba by the socialist revolution taking place, the anti-imperialist movement, as well as Cuban culture. The Venceremos Brigade included a diverse group of participants from the beginning. White, Black, Chicano, Native American, and Puerto Rican Americans, as well as activists and feminists participated. In part, the Venceremos Brigade went to Cuba to study revolutionary culture,
211:'s New Year's Day speech, in which he called on Cubans to help with the sugar harvest. Although the Americans originally offered to help by taking industrial jobs displaced by the massive sugar harvest, Fidel reportedly responded that if North Americans were to help, they would cut cane. Hoping to unite SDS members behind a new project, the leaders began planning a trip, bringing American activists to Cuba to cut sugar cane.
34:
265:
was formed as a Cuban solidarity group of Cuban
American radicals that first traveled to Cuba in 1977. Many Cubans who joined the brigade were motivated to prove that they weren't counterrevolutionary "gusanos". At the time the Venceremos Brigade refused to allow Cuban exiles to be members believing
199:
The 1959 Cuban
Revolution was a key event that galvanized and inspired the growing New Left in the 1960s. Cuba became viewed as a radical and anti-imperialist third world country worthy of praise by many of the radical activists of the 1960s.
837:"When Karen Bass Went to Work in Castro's Cuba: In 1973, Bass, who's now a potential Biden VP pick, traveled to Cuba with the Venceremos Brigade. "I didn't have any illusions that the people in Cuba had the same freedoms I did," she said"
277:, who had represented members of the Venceremos Brigade, said that visits by FBI agents were most prevalent in the 1970s and 1980s and dropped off during the 1990s. In 2010, at least 10 brigade participants were visited by FBI agents.
322:
Despite the leftist nature of the
Brigades and the Cuban government, conflict emerged between Brigade organizers and gay members of the Brigade and their allies. To Cuban officials, the gay liberation movement represented U.S.
232:) Brigade, was promoted as an inspiring and educational experience. The brigade itself was designed to encompass members from all radical movements in the United States, from black power radicals to anti-war student activists.
318:
also invoked Cuba's history of anti-racist and anti-colonial movements, and referred to the Black Power and feminist movements in the US, with the goal of creating a revolutionary political culture within the group.
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and other members of the Cuban government. While in the US, the group met occasionally by regions to supervise, recruit, and fundraise for the trips. The trip cohort, the
Venceremos ("we shall triumph" in
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were subject to homophobic slurs and questions, and homophobia was the overall policy. There were also gender-based tensions in the early brigades.
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to skirt the U.S. government's restrictions on travel to the island. The participants were to contribute to Cuba's monumental ten million ton
868:"Biden VP Favorite Karen Bass' Journey From the Radical Fringe: California congresswoman was active in the Venceremos Brigade in the 1970s"
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172:. The yearly brigade trips, which as of 2010 have brought more than 9,000 people to Cuba, continue today and are coordinated with the
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The politics of homosexuality : how lesbians and gay men have themselves a political and social force in modern
America
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570:"'Agrarians or anarchists?' The Venceremos Brigades to Cuba, State Surveillance, and the FBI as Biographer and Archivist"
20:
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164:(SDS) and officials of the Republic of Cuba. It was formed as a coalition of young people to show solidarity with the
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In 1969, SDS was composed of competing factions with individual priorities and visions. SDS delegates travelled to
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originally presented the idea to members of SDS, but was ousted from SDS before it came to fruition.
249:. The second Brigade arrived in February 1970, to cut cane and learn about Cuban life. Although the
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by working side by side with Cuban workers, challenging U.S. policies towards Cuba, including the
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Venceremos
Brigade : young Americans sharing the life and work of revolutionary Cuba
753:
Venceremos
Brigade : young Americans sharing the life and work of revolutionary Cuba
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1067:"Fault Lines: Can Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa keep control of L.A.'s battling factions?"
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645:"Queer Harvests: Homosexuality, the U.S. New Left, and the Venceremos Brigades to Cuba"
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Cuban
Revolution in America: Havana and the Making of a United States Left, 1968–1992
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http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/30/travelers-to-cuba-are-bei_n_519215.html
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1017:
Kinsley, Michael E. (February 21, 1970). "Venceremos
Brigade Saw Joy in Cuba".
700:
Iyengar, K. (2015). THE VENCEREMOS BRIGADE: NORTH AMERICANS IN CUBA SINCE 1969.
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Friendship
Caravans to Cuba. The 48th Brigade travelled to Cuba in July 2017.
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In November 1969, the first brigade of 216 Americans travelled to Cuba from
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Ravens in the storm : a personal history of the 1960s antiwar movement
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245:(harvest) of 1970, as well as to commemorate the tenth anniversary of the
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was also partly responsible for the organization and negotiations with
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is an international organization founded in 1969 by members of the
937:
Living for the Revolution: Black Feminist Organizations, 1968–1980
783:. University of Michigan Press. November 6, 2015. pp. 9–10.
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and Cuba. The organizers of the Venceremos Brigades settled on a
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to refrain from discussing or performing their sexuality. Queer
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them all to be middle class and counterrevolutionary "gusanos".
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appointed Julie Nichamin and Brian Murphy to organize the trip.
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Cuban Journal : A Poet in the Venceremos Brigade. 1970.
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has questioned individual brigade travellers over the years.
896:"The Venceremos Brigade: North Americans in Cuba Since 1969"
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DePaul University Special Collections and Archives holdings
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Imagining our Americas : towards a transnational frame
38:
Cuban propaganda poster welcoming brigadistas to the island
270:
480:
Sandy Lillydahl Venceremos Brigade Photograph Collection
253:
did not reach ten million tons, the Brigades continued.
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485:"Cuba, Que Linda Es Cuba? The First Venceremos Brigade"
145:
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circa 1960–1999. 2.44 cubic feet (2 cartons, 1 box).
1669:Political organizations based in the United States
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1170:Brigade who Defied Cuba Travel Ban Return to US
376:, socialist peace activist and radio executive
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702:The International Journal of Cuban Studies, 7
962:"75 Americans Bound For Cuba To Help Castro"
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1236:Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee
1153:Pastors For Peace Cuba Friendship Caravan
960:Jones, Stratford C. (November 29, 1969).
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803:FBI Questions American Travelers to Cuba
585:
574:Journal of Transnational American Studies
1694:1969 establishments in the United States
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545:"Venceremos Brigade to visit Guantánamo"
400:, historian, professor and co-editor of
382:, college president and museum executive
1123:. Durham: Duke University Press. 2007.
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1016:
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819:. Simon and Schuster. 1971. p. 15.
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466:Scribner, New York, 2008. pp. 223-
314:philosophy permeated the movement. The
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900:International Journal of Cuban Studies
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835:Dovere, Edward-Isaac (July 31, 2020).
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453:Venceremos Brigade research collection
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21:Venceremos (political organization)
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170:United States embargo against Cuba
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1689:Organizations established in 1969
1322:Students for a Democratic Society
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935:Springer, Kimberly (2005-04-28).
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162:Students for a Democratic Society
124:Students for a Democratic Society
1296:Up Against the Wall Motherfucker
1256:Maoist Internationalist Movement
894:Iyengar, Kavitha (Winter 2015).
459:Special Collections and Archives
370:, communist political organizer.
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922:10.13169/intejcubastud.7.2.0236
913:10.13169/intejcubastud.7.2.0236
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704:(2), 236-264,279. Via Proquest.
643:Lekus, Ian Keith (2004-06-18).
607:. New York: Scribner. pp.
310:, and Che's new socialist man.
280:
1065:Bruck, Connie (May 14, 2007).
998:ADC • Global Awards & Club
866:Rosen, Armin (July 27, 2020).
780:Bridges to Cuba/Puentes a Cuba
594:
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1:
1401:Revolutionary Action Movement
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424:, former mayor of Los Angeles
1674:Cuba–United States relations
1406:Sojourner Truth Organization
1335:Revolutionary Youth Movement
1099:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
757:. Simon and Schuster. 1971.
7:
1306:Young Patriots Organization
1034:Latner, Teishan A. (2018).
661:10.1215/01636545-2004-89-57
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302:describe the participants,
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10:
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1291:Symbionese Liberation Army
906:(2). Pluto Journals: 248.
519:Sale, Kirkpatrick (1973).
364:, counter-cultural author.
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1311:Youth International Party
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939:. Duke University Press.
496:"The Venceremos Brigade,"
327:, and was a challenge to
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1366:American Indian Movement
1359:Racial justice movements
568:Latner, Teishan (2018).
388:, historian and academic
19:Not to be confused with
1350:Worker Student Alliance
1271:Progressive Labor Party
1266:Peace and Freedom Party
491:. Retrieved 2017-06-13.
225:Carlos Rafael RodrĂguez
207:, and were inspired by
195:Revolutionary Offensive
1684:Cuba solidarity groups
1261:New Communist movement
1251:George Jackson Brigade
1093:Marotta, Toby (1981).
714:Oglesby, Carl (2008).
649:Radical History Review
601:Oglesby, Carl (2008).
464:. Ravens in the Storm,
358:, mayor of Los Angeles
55:Political organization
1376:Black Liberation Army
1371:Antonio Maceo Brigade
1330:New American Movement
720:. Scribner. pp.
547:(in European Spanish)
441:Antonio Maceo Brigade
333:Don't ask, don't tell
263:Antonio Maceo Brigade
189:Further information:
134:Antonio Maceo Brigade
1301:United Freedom Front
1246:Free Speech Movement
967:The Associated Press
422:Antonio Villaraigosa
386:Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz
63:Solidarity with Cuba
1411:White Panther Party
1386:Black Panther Party
1345:Weather Underground
604:Ravens in the Storm
410:Jeffrey Bruce Klein
350:Notable brigadistas
119:Parent organization
28:
1614:Liberated Barracks
1340:Venceremos Brigade
1163:2012-10-25 at the
1148:Venceremos Brigade
972:The Herald-Tribune
587:10.5070/T891034678
394:, graphic designer
335:policy, requiring
292:Venceremos Brigade
257:Later developments
158:Venceremos Brigade
27:Venceremos Brigade
26:
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1621:National Guardian
1587:
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1443:Theodor W. Adorno
1424:
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1276:Rainbow Coalition
1220:Organizations and
1213:American New Left
1176:Rick Rice Papers.
1130:978-0-822-33961-8
1106:978-0-395-29477-2
946:978-0-8223-8685-8
731:978-1-4165-4736-5
618:978-1-4165-4736-5
457:DePaul University
185:Original brigades
174:Pastors For Peace
154:
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1493:Erik Olin Wright
1488:Raymond Williams
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523:. Random House.
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489:Dissent Magazine
247:Cuban Revolution
230:Spanish language
217:Bernardine Dohrn
166:Cuban Revolution
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