30:
132:. He is also described as a native of "Nandikkarai Puttur" in Kerala. The inscriptions say that he went to Chola country after completing education in his boyhood and became a commander to prince Rajaditya in the Chola army. After the battle of Takkolam, he became an ascetic and settled at Tiruvotriyur as the disciple of certain Niranjana Guru. Eventually Kumaran, now known as Chaturanana Pandita, became the founder of a matha (the Kalamukha monastery) at Tiruvotriyur.
335:
According to historians, the mid-10th century witnessed a large migration of Kerala people into the Chola country in search of "commercial profit and military adventure". A warrior known as
Malaiyana Otrai Chevakan shows up in the army of prince Arikulaseri from a record from Kizhur, South Arcot.
494:
Since
Valabha was not fortunate enough to die along with his master (in the battle of Takkolam), he felt that he had disgraced his caste, (Vallabha) family, father (Rajasekhara) and master (Rajaditya) by his action and turned away from life. After the bath at Triveni (on the
381:
Records a gift of sheep for perpetual lamp in the shrine of
Srimulasthanattu Mahadeva at Atrutali in Tirumutiyur by Vellan Kumaran of Nandikkarai Puttur in Malai Natu (who was a commander - perumpatai nayakan - of prince
505:
The interest (three mashas per nishka per year) on the 100 nishkas gold was to fund the performance of a special puja to Siva at
Tiruvotriyur on the occasion of his natal constellation, the dhanishta naksatra.
491:(Kumaran), son of Rajasekhara, chieftain of Vallabha Rashtra in Kerala, went to Chola country after completing education (in his boyhood) and became a loyal subordinate of Rajaditya.
340:
in Malai Natu are present in inscriptions from
Kudumiya Malai (Pudukkottah), Tirucchanur (South Arcot), Udaiyargudi (South Arcot), Tirumalpurarm (North Arcot) and Tiruvenkatu.
210:, mother of prince Rajaditya, was present at Rajadityapura (Tirunavalur/Tirumanallur) (in the 28th year of Parantaka, c. 935 AD) with her entire entourage for some time.
175:
kings" during his campaign. The
Sravana Belgola record of Ganga king Marasimha (963 - 975 AD) also claims victory of the Chera king for his predecessor Bhutuga II.
178:
The death of prince
Rajaditya is unusually commemorated by the Cholas. The Chola version of the events can be found in Larger Leiden Grant (1006 CE) of
901:
409:
Vellan
Kumaran, the Kerala commander of prince Rajaditya, built a stone temple of Atruttali Mahadeva at Mauligrama (Mutiyur) on the Pennai river.
502:
Chaturanana donated 100 nishkas (pieces) of gold to the sabha of
Narasimha Mangalam (an agrahara) on his birthday on dhanishta naksatra.
171:(959 AD) the king "uprooted the Cholas, distributed their territory among his followers, and extracted tribute from the Chera and
160:(939–967 AD). The battle resulted in the death of Rajaditya on the battlefield and the defeat of the Chola garrison at Takkolam.
891:
213:
Prince
Rajaditya commanded a whole contingent of Kerala military personnel in Tirumunaippati Natu as early as the 930s.
916:
840:
778:
751:
724:
670:
605:
575:
412:
Adjectives of Vellan Kumaran - "Chamu Nayaka", "Cholarkal Mulabhrtya", "Perumpatai Nayaka" and "Uttamah Keralanam".
121:
in 948/49 AD. Kumaran is best known for engraving his own tragic autobiography in an inscription at Tiruvotriyur,
148:
The battle of Takkolam (948/49 AD) was a military engagement between a contingent of troops led by Chola prince
911:
29:
830:
768:
741:
714:
660:
595:
565:
796:
M.G.S. Narayanan, ‘Anatomy of a Political Alliance from Temple Records of Tirunavalur and Tiruvorriyur’,
207:
195:
896:
906:
508:
Chaturanana Pandita is described as chief abbot of the Kalamukha Saiva monastery in Tiruvotriyur
163:
The Rashtrakutas conquered eastern and northern parts of the Chola empire and advanced up to
8:
118:
77:
135:
The true significance of the life of Kumaran was discovered by historian V. Raghavan.
836:
774:
747:
720:
666:
601:
571:
179:
183:
310:
172:
114:
885:
499:) he accepted vratas from Niranjana Guru and assumed the name of Chaturanana.
199:
110:
59:
471:
448:
393:
373:
337:
203:
168:
157:
153:
343:
164:
117:. He was probably one of the few Chola commanders to have survived the
488:
149:
128:
Kumaran was the son of Rajasekhara, the chieftain of Valluvanatu in
458:
Chaturanana Pandita as the recipient of a donation to the temple.
122:
665:. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 100-101 and 113-114.
496:
129:
106:
481:
Found on a slab in the floor of Shiva temple at Tiruvotriyur.
292:
423:
189:
344:
Inscriptions of Vellan Kumaran or Chaturanana Pandita
125:(around 10 years after he had become an ascetic).
773:. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 100–101.
746:. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 100–101.
570:. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 100–101.
835:. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 112–13.
719:. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 99–100.
600:. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 112–13.
883:
34:Tiruvorriyur Inscription of Chaturanana Pandita
88:Rajasekhara (father, chieftain of Valluvanatu)
649:(Madras: University of Madras, 1955), 129–33.
798:Journal of the Epigraphical Society of India
143:
28:
902:People from the Kodungallur Chera kingdom
828:
766:
739:
712:
658:
636:(Delhi: Sharada Publishing, 1998), 53–62.
634:The Early Chōḷas: History Art and Culture
593:
563:
884:
824:
822:
820:
818:
816:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
708:
706:
182:and Tiruvalangadu Plates (1018 CE) of
868:
866:
864:
792:
790:
589:
587:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
484:Described as "Valabha Rashtra Natha".
424:As Chaturanana Pandita (Valabha Guha)
316:Parivarattu Chevakan, Chenta Kumaran
277:Netumpuraiyur Natu (Netumpuram Tali)
190:Kerala military personnel at Takkolam
167:. As per the Karhad copper plates of
113:army and a close confidant of prince
536:
534:
532:
530:
528:
526:
415:Birthplace is mentioned as "Puttur".
348:
194:Prince Rajaditya was the son of the
803:
760:
733:
703:
206:(907–955 AD). It is known that the
13:
861:
787:
584:
546:
487:Says that Valabha, resembling god
14:
928:
652:
523:
101:mid-10th century AD), diksa name
688:22 (1933–34), no. 34: vv. 19–21.
254:Isanamangalam (Iswaramangalam?)
849:
238:Maluvacchar (Kizhamalai Natu?)
691:
679:
639:
626:
614:
543:27 (1947–48), no. 47: 292–304.
1:
829:Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) .
767:Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) .
740:Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) .
713:Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) .
659:Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) .
623:27 (1947–48), no. 47: 293–96.
594:Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) .
564:Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) .
516:
202:princess, and the Chola king
138:
7:
51:Nandikkarai Puttur (Kerala)
10:
933:
892:10th-century Indian people
873:South Indian Inscriptions
856:South Indian Inscriptions
700:3 (1920), no. 205: v. 54.
698:South Indian Inscriptions
227:Location inside chiefdom
84:
73:
65:
55:
47:
39:
27:
20:
917:Chola military personnel
144:Chola defeat at Takkolam
645:K.A. Nilakanta Sastri,
336:Several merchants from
152:and another led by the
224:Chiefdom or clan name
912:History of Tamil Nadu
465:Tiruvotriyur, Madras
442:Tiruvotriyur, Madras
474:Rashtrakuta (959 AD)
392:36th regnal year of
389:Gramam, South Arcot
372:29th regnal year of
369:Gramam, South Arcot
280:Vakkanatu, Mankarai
354:
313:(Thrikkunnappuzha)
291:Kantiyur Vel Kula (
217:
103:Chaturanana Pandita
43:Chaturanana Pandita
875:32 (2012), no. 44.
858:32 (2012), no. 33.
832:Perumāḷs of Kerala
770:Perumāḷs of Kerala
743:Perumāḷs of Kerala
716:Perumāḷs of Kerala
662:Perumāḷs of Kerala
597:Perumāḷs of Kerala
567:Perumāḷs of Kerala
402:Kali Day - 1477037
353:
257:Manavallan Kannan
216:
119:battle of Takkolam
78:Battle of Takkolam
897:History of Kerala
686:Epigraphia Indica
621:Epigraphia Indica
541:Epigraphia Indica
514:
513:
470:20th regnal year
447:18th regnal year
421:
420:
349:As Vellan Kumaran
333:
332:
243:Attankan Chattan
109:commander in the
92:
91:
69:Perumpatai Nayaka
924:
876:
870:
859:
853:
847:
846:
826:
801:
800:5 (1978): 26–31.
794:
785:
784:
764:
758:
757:
737:
731:
730:
710:
701:
695:
689:
683:
677:
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656:
650:
643:
637:
632:S. Swaminathan,
630:
624:
618:
612:
611:
591:
582:
581:
561:
544:
538:
428:
427:
399:Kali Year - 4044
355:
352:
251:Netunkalai Natu
218:
215:
208:Ko Kizhan Atikal
196:Ko Kizhan Atikal
32:
18:
17:
932:
931:
927:
926:
925:
923:
922:
921:
907:Malayali people
882:
881:
880:
879:
871:
862:
854:
850:
843:
827:
804:
795:
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781:
765:
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754:
738:
734:
727:
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619:
615:
608:
592:
585:
578:
562:
547:
539:
524:
519:
426:
351:
346:
329:Iyakkan Iraman
311:Tirukunrappozha
192:
146:
141:
35:
23:
12:
11:
5:
930:
920:
919:
914:
909:
904:
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894:
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802:
786:
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331:
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327:
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324:Matai Vazhkai
322:
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308:
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188:
145:
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95:Vellan Kumaran
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
75:
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
41:
37:
36:
33:
25:
24:
22:Vellan Kumaran
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
929:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
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893:
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869:
867:
865:
857:
852:
844:
842:9788188765072
838:
834:
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825:
823:
821:
819:
817:
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813:
811:
809:
807:
799:
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782:
780:9788188765072
776:
772:
771:
763:
755:
753:9788188765072
749:
745:
744:
736:
728:
726:9788188765072
722:
718:
717:
709:
707:
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672:9788188765072
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635:
629:
622:
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607:9788188765072
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579:
577:9788188765072
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283:Kantan Kaman
282:
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200:Chera/Perumal
197:
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136:
133:
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26:
19:
16:
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661:
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628:
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596:
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431:Inscription
358:Inscription
334:
269:Iravi Kotai
212:
193:
177:
162:
147:
134:
127:
102:
98:
94:
93:
74:Battles/wars
60:Chola Empire
15:
472:Krishna III
451:Rashtrakuta
449:Krishna III
394:Parantaka I
382:Rajaditya).
374:Parantaka I
338:Kodungallur
321:Malai Natu
204:Parantaka I
169:Krishna III
158:Krishna III
154:Rashtrakuta
80:(948–49 CE)
40:Nickname(s)
886:Categories
517:References
305:Malaiyala
288:Malaiyala
274:Malaiyala
262:Malaiyala
248:Malaiyala
235:Malaiyala
184:Rajendra I
180:Rajaraja I
165:Rameswaram
139:Background
56:Allegiance
647:The Cōḷas
396:(943 AD)
376:(936 AD)
300:Sundaran
150:Rajaditya
115:Rajaditya
85:Relations
221:Country
105:, was a
839:
777:
750:
723:
669:
604:
574:
497:Ganges
437:Notes
364:Notes
293:Venatu
198:, the
173:Pandya
130:Kerala
123:Madras
107:Kerala
434:Date
361:Date
230:Name
156:king
111:Chola
837:ISBN
775:ISBN
748:ISBN
721:ISBN
667:ISBN
602:ISBN
572:ISBN
489:Guha
66:Rank
48:Born
295:?)
99:fl.
888::
863:^
805:^
789:^
705:^
586:^
548:^
525:^
186:.
845:.
783:.
756:.
729:.
675:.
610:.
580:.
97:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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