784:
34 mi) some 15 to 25 minutes after entry. The mean stable height was 53.6 kilometres (33.3 mi), with a pressure of 535 millibars (535 hPa) and a temperature of 308–316 K (35–43 °C; 95–109 °F) in the middle, most active layer of the Venus three-tiered cloud system. The balloon drifted westward in the zonal wind flow with an average speed of about 66 metres per second (220 ft/s) at nearly constant latitude. The probe crossed the terminator from night to day at 9:10 UT on 16 June after traversing 7,400 kilometres (4,600 mi). The probe continued to operate in the daytime until the final transmission was received at 00:38 UT on 17 June from 7.5 S, 76.3 E after a total traverse distance of 11,100 kilometres (6,900 mi). It is not known how much further the balloon traveled after the final communication.
768:
2043:
2031:
1212:
27:
2025:
1206:
524:
1218:
780:
opened at an altitude of 64 kilometres (40 mi). The cap and parachute were released 15 seconds later at 63 kilometres (39 mi) altitude. The balloon package was pulled out of its compartment by parachute 40 seconds later at 61 kilometres (38 mi) altitude, at 7.45 degrees S, 179.8 degrees east. A second parachute opened at an altitude of 55 kilometres (34 mi), 200 seconds after entry, extracting the furled balloon.
896:
2037:
783:
The balloon was inflated 100 seconds later at 54 kilometres (34 mi) and the parachute and inflation system were jettisoned. The ballast was jettisoned when the balloon reached roughly 50 kilometres (31 mi) and the balloon floated back to a stable height between 53 and 54 kilometres (33 and
779:
The Vega 2 Lander/Balloon capsule entered the
Venusian atmosphere (125 kilometres altitude) at 02:06:04 UT (Earth received time; Moscow time 05:06:04) on 15 June 1985 at roughly 11 kilometres per second (6.8 mi/s). At approximately 2:06:19 UT the parachute attached to the landing craft cap
802:
Vega 2 made its closest approach at 07:20 UT on March 9, 1986, at 8,030 kilometres (4,990 mi). The data intensive examination of the comet covered only the three hours around closest approach. They were intended to measure the physical parameters of the nucleus, such as dimensions, shape,
705:, and a surface sampling device. Several of these scientific tools (the UV spectrometer, the mass spectrograph, and the devices to measure pressure and temperature) were developed in collaboration with French scientists. Since the probe made a nighttime landing, no images were taken.
666:
The descent module arrived at Venus on 15 June 1985, two days after being released from the Vega 2 flyby probe. The module, a 1,500 kilograms (3,300 lb), 240 centimetres (7.9 ft) diameter sphere, contained a surface lander and a
689:
missions. The objective of the probe was the study of the atmosphere and the exposed surface of the planet. The scientific payload included a UV spectrometer, temperature and pressure sensors, a water concentration meter, a
833:
was considered, however, Vega 2 didn't have enough fuel left to make the necessary orbital changes for the flyby. Instead the Vega probes took the opportunity to measure the dust as they passed through the orbits of
3271:
3171:
2431:
2753:
3526:
1077:
3536:
3531:
1967:
818:, partly due to the presence of less dust outside the coma at the time. Yet Vega 2 recorded an 80% power loss during the encounter as compared to Vega 1's 40%.
3581:
1962:
3186:
3636:
261:
592:
craft. The name VeGa (ВеГа) combines the first two letters
Russian words for Venus (Венера: "Venera") and Halley (Галлея: "Galleya"). They were designed by
807:, the gas composition close to the nucleus, the dust particles' composition and mass distribution as functions of distance to the nucleus and the cometary-
799:
The spacecraft initiated its encounter on March 7, 1986, by taking 100 photos of the comet from a distance of 14,000,000 kilometres (8,700,000 mi).
743:. The altitude of the touchdown site was 0.1 kilometres (330 ft) above the planetary mean radius. The measured pressure at the landing site was 91
3757:
2683:
1718:
759:, leading to the conclusion that the area was probably the oldest explored by any Venera vehicle. It transmitted data from the surface for 56 minutes.
3686:
3541:
3511:
3481:
3416:
3286:
3251:
3191:
3456:
2778:
2773:
2768:
1698:
3546:
3246:
3052:
2893:
2806:
3701:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3646:
3641:
3631:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3591:
3586:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3516:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3281:
3276:
3256:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3221:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3181:
3176:
3166:
3161:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
2872:
1934:
1063:
3491:
2947:
1728:
2455:
3792:
3777:
3057:
3046:
2972:
2851:
2841:
2763:
2723:
2487:
1118:
3651:
3156:
2757:
3019:
1713:
1683:
453:
767:
3083:
3073:
2957:
2908:
2903:
2625:
1703:
1693:
3747:
2676:
2517:
2349:
1865:
1044:
948:
3787:
3742:
1870:
3782:
3767:
3521:
2669:
1943:
1927:
711:
3015:
2292:
2209:
1890:
2835:
2522:
2462:
2138:
1481:
3772:
2411:
1111:
935:
2588:
1766:
1625:
658:
spacecraft. The spacecraft were equipped with a dual bumper shield for dust protection from Halley's Comet.
197:
2.7 m × 2.3 m × 5.7 m (8.9 ft × 7.5 ft × 18.7 ft) (lander)
3762:
1920:
1801:
814:
During the encounter, Vega 2 took 700 images of the comet, with better resolution than those from the twin
251:
2158:
1791:
967:
850:
772:
100:
94:
88:
38:
1190:
2492:
2148:
1875:
1127:
1104:
909:
691:
2042:
2527:
2287:
2084:
1415:
835:
108:
82:
3717:
Payloads are separated by bullets ( · ), launches by pipes ( | ). Crewed flights are indicated in
1912:
1087:
2632:
2610:
2547:
2074:
1786:
1378:
2620:
1733:
1723:
792:
After their encounters, the Vegas' motherships were redirected by Venus' gravity to intercept
3752:
2502:
2318:
2173:
1903:
Missions are ordered by launch date. indicates failure en route or before any data returned.
1885:
1860:
1839:
1688:
1595:
1246:
1240:
1153:
821:
After further imaging sessions on 10 and 11 March 1986, Vega 2 finished its primary mission.
655:
2603:
2593:
2424:
2404:
2343:
2232:
2204:
2178:
2168:
1601:
873:
593:
312:
803:
temperature and surface properties, as well as to study the structure and dynamics of the
8:
2708:
2697:
2693:
2497:
2443:
2437:
2417:
2397:
2271:
2121:
2111:
2064:
2011:
1359:
999:
877:
643:
611:
342:
248:
2030:
747:
and the temperature was 736 K (865 °F). The surface sample was found to be an
2661:
2557:
2537:
2391:
1997:
1880:
1806:
1170:
901:
857:
305:
2898:
2615:
2374:
2194:
2003:
1649:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1040:
944:
865:
793:
744:
702:
579:
495:
66:
2578:
1632:
1518:
1211:
849:
Contact with Vega 2 was lost on 24 March 1987. Vega 1 had previously exhausted its
839:
635:
2583:
2101:
2024:
1834:
1548:
1352:
804:
756:
740:
615:
26:
2652:
Probes are listed in chronological order of launch. indicates mission failures.
2259:
2254:
2249:
2942:
2552:
2266:
2199:
2153:
1739:
1096:
881:
683:
The surface lander was identical to that of Vega 1 as well as the previous six
672:
352:
1796:
3736:
2573:
2482:
2106:
1272:
1184:
843:
726:
713:
529:
469:
455:
171:
2244:
1205:
1082:
638:
probes. The 4,840 kilograms (10,670 lb) craft was launched on top of a
2532:
2512:
2507:
2368:
2096:
2069:
1984:
1947:
1844:
698:
631:
623:
575:
568:
550:
33:
3696:
3626:
3576:
3486:
3451:
3386:
3266:
3261:
3226:
2952:
2877:
2867:
2846:
2790:
1177:
830:
748:
571:
708:
The Vega 2 lander touched down at 03:00:50 UT on 15 June 1985 at around
675:
maneuver using Venus, and continued its mission to intercept the comet.
523:
2976:
2925:
2823:
2784:
2323:
1991:
1568:
1563:
1316:
1072:
808:
752:
651:
3211:
2749:
2362:
2356:
2313:
2239:
2143:
1761:
1756:
1558:
1553:
1543:
1523:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1366:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1311:
1296:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1217:
861:
603:
3725:. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are denoted in (brackets).
3596:
3037:
3010:
2963:
2830:
2745:
2740:
2308:
2227:
2116:
1942:
1708:
1607:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1306:
1290:
1251:
1037:
Robotic
Exploration of the Solar System Part II: Hiatus and Renewal
869:
647:
639:
627:
542:
234:
3216:
3042:
2639:
2449:
2163:
2079:
1655:
668:
3691:
3078:
2542:
2126:
2036:
1822:
1497:
1471:
1372:
1341:
1301:
815:
685:
619:
607:
588:
564:
537:
238:
1067:
937:
Beyond Earth: A Chronicle of Deep Space
Exploration, 1958–2016
2993:
2968:
2598:
2089:
1951:
1131:
695:
583:
421:
394:
371:
332:
322:
62:
1073:
Vega mission images from the Space
Research Institute (IKI)
1034:
1007:
975:
1827:
598:
161:
2691:
1968:
List of artificial objects on extraterrestrial surfaces
1963:
List of minor planets and comets visited by spacecraft
16:
Soviet mission to Venus and Halley's Comet (1984–1987)
1093:
at the NASA Planetary Data System, Small Bodies Node
1078:
Raw data from Vega 1 and Vega 2 on board instruments
891:
586:. The spacecraft was a development of the earlier
132:Flyby: 2 years, 3 months and 3 days
3734:
1126:
943:(second ed.). NASA History Program Office.
755:rock, rarely found on Earth, but present in the
3721:. Uncatalogued launch failures are listed in
2677:
1928:
1112:
933:
2684:
2670:
1935:
1921:
1119:
1105:
3758:Derelict satellites in heliocentric orbit
2452:(multiple flybys and sample return, 2026)
2365:(multiple flybys and sample return, 2025)
1030:
1028:
1026:
1024:
962:
960:
929:
927:
925:
766:
994:
992:
829:A 6 million kilometer distant flyby of
3735:
1035:Paolo Ulivi; David M. Harland (2009).
1021:
671:explorer. The flyby probe performed a
610:. The craft was powered by large twin
2665:
1916:
1100:
957:
922:
771:Vega balloon probe on display at the
989:
2371:(multiple flybys and orbiter, 2028)
1871:List of artificial objects on Venus
13:
14:
3804:
3793:Extraterrestrial atmosphere entry
1091:Mission Comet Halley Data Archive
1057:
787:
3272:Shiyan Tongbu Tongxing Weixing 2
3172:Shiyan Tongbu Tongxing Weixing 1
2041:
2035:
2029:
2023:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1064:Vega 2 Measuring Mission Profile
894:
661:
522:
25:
2139:International Cometary Explorer
1068:NASA's Solar System Exploration
853:propellant on 30 January 1987.
775:of the Smithsonian Institution.
389:24,500 km (15,200 mi)
2458:(spacecraft refueling concept)
824:
513:~8,030 km (4,990 mi)
181:4,840 kg (10,670 lb)
110:
1:
3778:France–Soviet Union relations
1866:Observations and explorations
1767:NASA Uranus orbiter and probe
915:
739:, in the northern region of
189:1,520 kg (3,350 lb)
2414:(multiple flybys, 2026–2029)
1802:Venus Orbiting Imaging Radar
1039:. Springer. pp. 90–92.
37:spacecraft displayed at the
7:
3788:Spacecraft launched in 1984
1083:Soviet Exploration of Venus
887:
218:December 21, 1984
10:
3809:
3748:Missions to Halley's Comet
3743:Aphrodite Terra quadrangle
2440:(nuclear impactor concept)
1482:Pioneer Venus Small Probes
1191:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer
762:
614:. Instruments included an
3783:Extraterrestrial aircraft
3715:
3092:
3066:
3029:
3002:
2986:
2935:
2917:
2886:
2860:
2815:
2799:
2732:
2716:
2648:
2611:Small Solar System bodies
2589:Colonization of asteroids
2566:
2493:Asteroid Redirect Mission
2473:
2384:
2336:
2301:
2280:
2220:
2187:
2057:
2050:
2021:
1976:
1958:
1899:
1853:
1815:
1779:
1749:
1676:
1669:
1642:
1617:
1588:
1581:
1511:
1490:
1424:
1388:
1282:
1232:
1225:
1202:
1163:
1145:
1138:
910:List of missions to Venus
678:
654:. Both Vega 1 and 2 were
521:
517:
509:
501:
493:
447:
439:
428:
420:
412:
401:
393:
385:
377:
369:
365:
361:
351:
341:
331:
321:
311:
301:
296:
292:
288:
280:
275:
271:
267:
257:
244:
230:
214:
209:
205:
201:
193:
185:
177:
167:
157:
149:
144:
140:
136:
124:
107:
81:
73:
58:
54:
46:
24:
3768:1984 in the Soviet Union
1416:Pioneer Venus Multiprobe
2400:(flyby of Pallas, 2022)
2359:(multiple flybys, 2025)
1787:European Venus Explorer
856:Vega 2 is currently in
692:gas-phase chromatograph
443:03:00:50, June 15, 1985
416:02:06:04, June 15, 1985
2621:Trans-Neptunian object
776:
3773:Derelict space probes
1596:Venus Orbiter Mission
1247:Pioneer Venus Orbiter
934:Asif Siddiqi (2018).
770:
656:three-axis stabilized
302:Reference system
145:Spacecraft properties
3582:Fanhui Shi Weixing 7
2700:Orbital launches in
1780:Cancelled / concepts
1004:solarsystem.nasa.gov
836:72P/Denning–Fujikawa
673:gravitational assist
594:Babakin Space Centre
429:Spacecraft component
402:Spacecraft component
130:Balloon: 2 days
77:Soviet space program
3763:1984 in spaceflight
2456:World Is Not Enough
1944:Spacecraft missions
1128:Spacecraft missions
972:nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
880:of 2.3 degrees and
723: /
644:Baikonur Cosmodrome
596:and constructed as
465: /
323:Perihelion altitude
21:
2466:(flyby, 2030–2042)
2463:Interstellar Probe
1881:Manned Venus flyby
1171:Parker Solar Probe
1000:"In Depth: Vega 2"
902:Spaceflight portal
858:heliocentric orbit
777:
297:Orbital parameters
128:Lander: 56 minutes
19:
3730:
3729:
2659:
2658:
2616:Near-Earth object
2446:(multiple flybys)
2375:Comet Interceptor
2332:
2331:
2008:(multiple flybys)
1988:(multiple flybys)
1910:
1909:
1816:Program overviews
1775:
1774:
1670:Proposed missions
1665:
1664:
1650:Venus Life Finder
1577:
1576:
1200:
1199:
1046:978-0-387-78904-0
950:978-1-626-83043-1
773:Udvar-Hazy Center
703:mass spectrometer
558:
557:
413:Atmospheric entry
397:atmospheric probe
333:Aphelion altitude
39:Udvar-Hazy Center
31:A replica of the
3800:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2686:
2679:
2672:
2663:
2662:
2579:Asteroid capture
2346:(orbiter, 2024)
2250:Rover-1A / HIBOU
2055:
2054:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2027:
1937:
1930:
1923:
1914:
1913:
1876:List of missions
1792:Inspiration Mars
1674:
1673:
1586:
1585:
1582:Planned missions
1519:Tyazhely Sputnik
1230:
1229:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1143:
1142:
1121:
1114:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1051:
1050:
1032:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
996:
987:
986:
984:
982:
964:
955:
954:
942:
931:
904:
899:
898:
897:
851:attitude control
738:
737:
735:
734:
733:
728:
724:
721:
720:
719:
716:
526:
502:Closest approach
489:
488:
486:
485:
484:
482:
477:
476:
471:
466:
463:
462:
461:
458:
378:Closest approach
225:
223:
210:Start of mission
125:Mission duration
112:
103:
97:
91:
29:
22:
18:
3808:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3711:
3687:Molniya-1 No.55
3542:Molniya-1 No.54
3512:Molniya-1 No.53
3482:Gorizont No.20L
3287:Gorizont No.19L
3252:Molniya-1 No.51
3094:
3088:
3062:
3025:
2998:
2982:
2931:
2913:
2882:
2856:
2811:
2795:
2728:
2712:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2696:
2690:
2660:
2655:
2644:
2584:Asteroid mining
2562:
2475:
2469:
2434:(sample return)
2428:(orbiter, 2025)
2394:(orbiter, 2021)
2380:
2328:
2297:
2276:
2216:
2183:
2065:Cassini–Huygens
2046:
2040:
2034:
2028:
2019:
1972:
1954:
1941:
1911:
1906:
1895:
1849:
1811:
1771:
1745:
1661:
1638:
1613:
1573:
1512:Failed launches
1507:
1486:
1420:
1384:
1360:Cassini–Huygens
1278:
1221:
1215:
1209:
1196:
1159:
1139:Active missions
1134:
1125:
1060:
1055:
1054:
1047:
1033:
1022:
1012:
1010:
998:
997:
990:
980:
978:
966:
965:
958:
951:
940:
932:
923:
918:
900:
895:
893:
890:
827:
790:
765:
757:lunar highlands
741:Aphrodite Terra
731:
729:
727:7.14°S 177.67°E
725:
722:
717:
714:
712:
710:
709:
681:
664:
554:
547:
546:
540:
533:
480:
478:
474:
472:
468:
467:
464:
459:
456:
454:
452:
451:
221:
219:
158:Spacecraft type
131:
129:
119:
117:
99:
98:
93:
92:
87:
50:Venera–Halley 2
42:
41:, Virginia, USA
17:
12:
11:
5:
3806:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3728:
3727:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3669:
3664:
3659:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3457:Meteor-2 No.16
3454:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3070:
3068:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3033:
3031:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3006:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2990:
2988:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2939:
2937:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2894:Intelsat V F-9
2890:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2827:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2812:
2810:
2809:
2807:Intelsat V F-8
2803:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2781:
2779:OPS 8737 SSU-3
2776:
2774:OPS 8737 SSU-2
2771:
2769:OPS 8737 SSU-1
2766:
2761:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2726:
2720:
2718:
2714:
2713:
2707:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2666:
2657:
2656:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2618:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2553:New Horizons 2
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2459:
2453:
2447:
2441:
2435:
2429:
2421:
2415:
2409:
2408:(flybys, 2024)
2401:
2395:
2388:
2386:
2382:
2381:
2379:
2378:
2372:
2366:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2340:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2284:
2282:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2269:
2267:NEAR Shoemaker
2264:
2263:
2262:
2257:
2255:Rover-1B / OWL
2252:
2247:
2237:
2236:
2235:
2224:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2202:
2200:NEAR Shoemaker
2197:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2154:NEAR Shoemaker
2151:
2146:
2141:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2061:
2059:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2017:
2009:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1970:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1743:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1678:
1677:Venus missions
1671:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1659:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1643:Descent probes
1640:
1639:
1637:
1636:
1630:
1621:
1619:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1599:
1592:
1590:
1583:
1579:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1491:Balloon probes
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1428:
1426:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1389:Descent probes
1386:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1356:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1236:
1234:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1174:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1149:
1147:
1140:
1136:
1135:
1124:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1101:
1095:
1094:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1059:
1058:External links
1056:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1020:
988:
956:
949:
920:
919:
917:
914:
913:
912:
906:
905:
889:
886:
882:orbital period
826:
823:
794:Halley's Comet
789:
788:Halley mission
786:
764:
761:
680:
677:
663:
660:
580:Halley's comet
556:
555:
548:
541:
535:
534:
527:
519:
518:
515:
514:
511:
507:
506:
503:
499:
498:
491:
490:
449:
445:
444:
441:
437:
436:
430:
426:
425:
418:
417:
414:
410:
409:
403:
399:
398:
391:
390:
387:
383:
382:
379:
375:
374:
367:
366:
363:
362:
359:
358:
355:
349:
348:
345:
339:
338:
335:
329:
328:
325:
319:
318:
315:
309:
308:
303:
299:
298:
294:
293:
290:
289:
286:
285:
284:March 24, 1987
282:
278:
277:
276:End of mission
273:
272:
269:
268:
265:
264:
259:
255:
254:
246:
242:
241:
232:
228:
227:
226:, 09:13:52 UTC
216:
212:
211:
207:
206:
203:
202:
199:
198:
195:
191:
190:
187:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
169:
165:
164:
159:
155:
154:
151:
147:
146:
142:
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:
126:
122:
121:
114:
105:
104:
85:
79:
78:
75:
71:
70:
60:
56:
55:
52:
51:
48:
44:
43:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3805:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3388:
3385:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2891:
2889:
2885:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2865:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2814:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2743:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2706:
2695:
2687:
2682:
2680:
2675:
2673:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2574:Asteroid belt
2572:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2476:not developed
2474:Cancelled or
2472:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2377:(flyby, 2029)
2376:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:Sample return
2300:
2294:
2291:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2283:
2279:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2238:
2234:
2231:
2230:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2219:
2211:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2107:Halley Armada
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1975:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1948:minor planets
1945:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1902:
1901:
1898:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1841:
1840:Pioneer Venus
1838:
1836:
1833:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1788:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1778:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1587:
1584:
1580:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1555:
1552:
1550:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1423:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1364:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1273:Venus Express
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1226:Past missions
1224:
1219:
1213:
1207:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:Solar Orbiter
1183:
1180:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1122:
1117:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1009:
1005:
1001:
995:
993:
977:
973:
969:
963:
961:
952:
946:
939:
938:
930:
928:
926:
921:
911:
908:
907:
903:
892:
885:
884:of 281 days.
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
854:
852:
847:
845:
844:289P/Blanpain
841:
840:Biela's Comet
837:
832:
822:
819:
817:
812:
811:interaction.
810:
806:
800:
797:
795:
785:
781:
774:
769:
760:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
736:
732:-7.14; 177.67
706:
704:
700:
697:
693:
688:
687:
676:
674:
670:
662:Venus mission
659:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
634:(MISCHA) and
633:
632:magnetometers
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
600:
595:
591:
590:
585:
581:
577:
573:
570:
566:
562:
553:
552:
545: →
544:
539:
536:←
532:
531:
530:Halley Armada
525:
520:
516:
512:
508:
505:March 9, 1986
504:
500:
497:
492:
487:
470:8.5°S 164.5°E
450:
446:
442:
438:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
388:
384:
381:June 15, 1985
380:
376:
373:
368:
364:
360:
356:
354:
350:
346:
344:
340:
336:
334:
330:
326:
324:
320:
316:
314:
310:
307:
304:
300:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
270:
266:
263:
260:
256:
253:
250:
247:
243:
240:
236:
233:
229:
217:
213:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
173:
172:NPO Lavochkin
170:
166:
163:
160:
156:
152:
148:
143:
139:
135:
127:
123:
115:
113:
106:
102:
96:
90:
86:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
36:
35:
28:
23:
3753:Vega program
3722:
3718:
3706:
3547:Ekran No.27L
3417:Gran' No.27L
3247:Ekran No.26L
3192:Gran' No.25L
3036:
3009:
2962:
2924:
2829:
2822:
2783:
2739:
2626:Colonization
2533:Hayabusa Mk2
2513:Comet Hopper
2508:Clementine 2
2461:
2423:
2403:
2369:MBR Explorer
2131:
2097:Deep Space 1
2012:
2004:
1985:New Horizons
1983:
1886:Terraforming
1861:Colonization
1738:
1633:MBR Explorer
1624:
1502:
1476:
1377:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1346:
1289:
1271:
1239:
1176:
1152:
1088:
1036:
1011:. Retrieved
1003:
979:. Retrieved
971:
936:
874:eccentricity
872:of 0.98 AU,
855:
848:
828:
820:
813:
801:
798:
791:
782:
778:
707:
699:spectrometer
684:
682:
665:
624:spectrometer
612:solar panels
597:
587:
576:Vega program
574:part of the
563:(along with
560:
559:
551:Vega program
549:
528:
448:Landing site
440:Landing date
433:
406:
313:Eccentricity
306:Heliocentric
281:Last contact
186:Landing mass
168:Manufacturer
59:Mission type
32:
3702:Kosmos 1615
3697:Kosmos 1614
3682:Kosmos 1613
3677:Kosmos 1612
3672:Kosmos 1611
3667:Kosmos 1610
3662:Kosmos 1609
3657:Kosmos 1608
3647:Kosmos 1607
3642:Kosmos 1606
3632:Kosmos 1605
3627:Kosmos 1604
3622:Kosmos 1603
3617:Kosmos 1602
3612:Kosmos 1601
3607:Kosmos 1600
3602:Kosmos 1599
3592:Kosmos 1598
3587:Kosmos 1597
3577:Kosmos 1596
3572:Kosmos 1595
3567:Kosmos 1594
3562:Kosmos 1593
3557:Kosmos 1592
3552:Kosmos 1591
3517:Kosmos 1590
3507:Kosmos 1589
3502:Kosmos 1588
3497:Kosmos 1587
3487:Kosmos 1586
3477:Kosmos 1585
3472:Kosmos 1584
3467:Kosmos 1583
3462:Kosmos 1582
3452:Kosmos 1581
3447:Kosmos 1580
3442:Kosmos 1579
3437:Kosmos 1578
3432:Kosmos 1577
3427:Kosmos 1576
3422:Kosmos 1575
3412:Kosmos 1574
3407:Kosmos 1573
3402:Kosmos 1572
3397:Kosmos 1571
3392:Kosmos 1570
3387:Kosmos 1569
3382:Kosmos 1568
3377:Kosmos 1567
3372:Kosmos 1566
3367:Kosmos 1565
3362:Kosmos 1564
3357:Kosmos 1563
3352:Kosmos 1562
3347:Kosmos 1561
3342:Kosmos 1560
3337:Kosmos 1559
3332:Kosmos 1558
3327:Kosmos 1557
3322:Kosmos 1556
3317:Kosmos 1555
3312:Kosmos 1554
3307:Kosmos 1553
3302:Kosmos 1552
3297:Kosmos 1551
3292:Kosmos 1550
3282:Kosmos 1549
3277:Kosmos 1548
3267:Kosmos 1547
3262:Kosmos 1546
3257:Kosmos 1545
3242:Kosmos 1544
3237:Kosmos 1543
3232:Kosmos 1542
3227:Kosmos 1541
3222:Kosmos 1540
3207:Kosmos 1539
3202:Kosmos 1538
3197:Kosmos 1537
3182:Kosmos 1536
3177:Kosmos 1535
3167:Kosmos 1534
3162:Kosmos 1533
3152:Kosmos 1532
3147:Kosmos 1531
3142:Kosmos 1530
3137:Kosmos 1529
3132:Kosmos 1528
3127:Kosmos 1527
3122:Kosmos 1526
3117:Kosmos 1525
3112:Kosmos 1524
3107:Kosmos 1523
3102:Kosmos 1522
2953:Progress 23
2878:Progress 22
2868:Progress 21
2847:Progress 20
2791:Progress 19
2604:Exploration
2528:Don Quijote
2288:Deep Impact
2085:Deep Impact
1992:OSIRIS-APEX
1658:(2031–2032)
1178:BepiColombo
878:inclination
831:2101 Adonis
825:Post Halley
749:anorthosite
730: /
578:to explore
572:space probe
475:-8.5; 164.5
473: /
343:Inclination
245:Launch site
215:Launch date
178:Launch mass
153:5VK No. 902
69:exploration
3737:Categories
3492:Himawari 3
3053:Spacenet 2
2977:Telstar 3C
2948:Telecom 1A
2926:Soyuz T-12
2873:Spacenet 1
2824:Soyuz T-11
2785:Soyuz T-10
2548:Marco Polo
2324:OSIRIS-REx
2075:Clementine
1998:Hayabusa2♯
1549:3MV-1 No.2
1539:2MV-2 No.1
1534:2MV-1 No.2
1529:2MV-1 No.1
1193:(en route)
1187:(en route)
1181:(en route)
1173:(en route)
916:References
862:perihelion
809:solar wind
753:troctolite
652:Kazakh SSR
479: (
262:Khrunichev
258:Contractor
222:1984-12-21
194:Dimensions
150:Spacecraft
3719:underline
3212:Landsat 5
2987:September
2750:Palapa B2
2412:Centaurus
2363:Tianwen-2
2314:Hayabusa2
2281:Impactors
2240:Hayabusa2
2159:Pioneer 7
2149:NEA Scout
2144:LICIACube
2070:Chang'e 2
2016:(orbiter)
1994:(orbiter)
1762:Laplace-P
1757:Mercury-P
1626:Dragonfly
1554:Kosmos 27
1544:Kosmos 21
1524:Mariner 1
1367:MESSENGER
1322:Venera 11
1312:Mariner 5
1297:Mariner 2
876:of 0.17,
630:sounder,
604:Lavochkin
496:1P/Halley
494:Flyby of
370:Flyby of
101:1984-128F
95:1984-128E
89:1984-128A
83:COSPAR ID
3597:Galaxy 3
3067:December
3058:MARECS-2
3047:Leasat 1
3038:STS-51-A
3030:November
3011:STS-41-G
2973:Leasat 2
2964:STS-41-D
2852:OPS 8424
2842:OPS 7641
2831:STS-41-C
2764:OPS 8737
2746:Westar 6
2741:STS-41-B
2733:February
2724:OPS 0441
2503:Castalia
2385:Proposed
2357:DESTINY+
2319:Stardust
2309:Hayabusa
2228:Hayabusa
2210:Timeline
2188:Orbiters
2174:Stardust
2117:Sakigake
2000:(lander)
1797:TMK-Mavr
1709:Venera-D
1608:EnVision
1589:Orbiters
1432:Venera 7
1396:Venera 3
1307:Venera 2
1291:Venera 1
1252:Venera 9
1241:Magellan
1233:Orbiters
1154:Akatsuki
1146:Orbiters
1013:14 April
968:"Vega 2"
888:See also
870:aphelion
864:of 0.70
718:177°40′E
648:Tyuratam
640:Proton-K
628:infrared
567:) was a
543:Sakigake
510:Distance
460:164°30′E
386:Distance
357:281 days
249:Baikonur
235:Proton-K
74:Operator
3723:italics
3652:NATO 3D
3217:UoSAT-2
3157:Yuri 2a
3093:Unknown
3043:Anik D2
3003:October
2758:SPAS-1A
2717:January
2567:Related
2450:OKEANOS
2432:CORSAIR
2425:Chimera
2405:Shensuo
2337:Planned
2260:Rover-2
2233:MINERVA
2221:Landers
2205:Rosetta
2179:Ulysses
2169:Rosetta
2164:PROCYON
2102:Galileo
2080:CONTOUR
1854:Related
1835:Mariner
1656:DAVINCI
1602:VERITAS
1425:Landers
1379:Shin-en
1353:Galileo
981:22 July
860:, with
763:Balloon
669:balloon
620:cameras
616:antenna
432:Vega 2
407:Balloon
405:Vega 2
337:0.98 AU
327:0.70 AU
220: (
109:SATCAT
3707:Vega 2
3692:Vega 1
3637:Nova 3
3079:NOAA-9
3020:OSTA-3
2936:August
2709:1985 →
2694:← 1983
2633:Trojan
2543:MAOSEP
2518:CONDOR
2498:CAESAR
2444:MANTIS
2438:HAMMER
2420:(2029)
2418:Ramses
2398:Athena
2272:Philae
2245:MASCOT
2132:Vega 2
2127:Vega 1
2122:Suisei
2112:Giotto
2058:Flybys
2013:Psyche
1977:Active
1952:comets
1823:Venera
1750:Flybys
1740:Zephyr
1719:VISAGE
1652:(2025)
1635:(2028)
1629:(2028)
1618:Flybys
1610:(2031)
1604:(2031)
1598:(2028)
1498:Vega 1
1472:Vega 1
1373:IKAROS
1342:Vega 1
1302:Zond 1
1283:Flybys
1164:Flybys
1089:Vega 2
1043:
947:
816:Vega 1
715:7°08′S
686:Venera
679:Lander
636:plasma
618:dish,
608:Khimki
589:Venera
569:Soviet
565:Vega 1
561:Vega 2
538:Vega 1
481:Vega 2
457:8°30′S
434:Lander
424:lander
353:Period
252:200/40
231:Rocket
67:Halley
20:Vega 2
3187:Ōzora
3095:month
3084:USA-7
3074:USA-6
2994:USA-5
2969:SBS-4
2958:USA-4
2943:ECS-2
2909:USA-3
2904:USA-2
2899:USA-1
2816:April
2800:March
2640:Vesta
2599:Pluto
2594:Ceres
2558:Vesta
2538:Janus
2483:AGORA
2392:ASTER
2090:EPOXI
1891:VeSpR
1807:Vesta
1729:VOICE
1699:HOVER
1694:HAVOC
1132:Venus
941:(PDF)
696:X-ray
694:, an
642:from
584:Venus
422:Venus
395:Venus
372:Venus
347:51.5°
120:15857
118:15856
116:15449
63:Venus
47:Names
3016:ERBS
2918:July
2887:June
2836:LDEF
2702:1984
2523:CRAF
2350:AIDA
2344:Hera
2293:DART
2195:Dawn
2051:Past
2005:Lucy
1950:and
1845:Vega
1724:VISE
1714:VICI
1704:VAMP
1689:CUVE
1684:AREE
1041:ISBN
1015:2015
1008:NASA
983:2024
976:NASA
945:ISBN
842:and
805:coma
701:, a
582:and
317:0.17
34:Vega
3537:SCE
3532:UKS
3527:IRM
3522:CCE
2861:May
2754:IRT
2488:AIM
1946:to
1828:3MV
1734:VOX
1569:482
1564:167
1130:to
1066:by
745:atm
606:at
602:by
599:5VK
162:5VK
111:no.
3739::
3045:,
3018:,
2975:,
2971:,
2756:,
2752:,
2748:,
1559:96
1467:14
1462:13
1457:12
1452:11
1447:10
1337:14
1332:13
1327:12
1317:10
1267:16
1262:15
1257:10
1023:^
1006:.
1002:.
991:^
974:.
970:.
959:^
924:^
868:,
866:AU
846:.
838:,
796:.
650:,
646:,
626:,
622:,
3049:)
3041:(
3022:)
3014:(
2979:)
2967:(
2838:)
2834:(
2760:)
2744:(
2685:e
2678:t
2671:v
1936:e
1929:t
1922:v
1503:2
1477:2
1442:9
1437:8
1411:6
1406:5
1401:4
1347:2
1120:e
1113:t
1106:v
1049:.
1017:.
985:.
953:.
751:–
483:)
239:D
237:/
224:)
65:/
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