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2347:, such as the popular "legend of the guatapuri mermaid", or the "silborcito" (the nazarenian without a head), "the Lerta" ("The duel between the devil and Francisco 'the man'"), "the monitos", "The llorona (the crying woman)", "la madre monte (mother nature)" "la mano pelua (the hairy hand)", and "el cuco", among other stories that are still alive. Storytellers are very common in the region, as well as traditional comedians. These storytellers, usually travelling farmers selling their cattle around the region, revived the already traditional Spanish
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1517:, was led by a banker, Juvenal Ovidio Ricardo Palmera Pineda. Because of his incendiary remarks during a peasant strike and protest in the main plaza, he was jailed. After being given amnesty by Jorge Dangond Daza, the governor of the Department, Palmera went into hiding. The national government and conservative groups started a persecution of UP's leaders and followers. Many of Palmera's followers went into exile in Europe.
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1963:(Universidad Popular del Cesar) state owned, which has two campuses in the city. Other privately own universities operate in the city, such as the Universidad de Santander (University of Santander, UDES) and the Universidad del Area Andina (University of the Andean Area, AREANDINA). According to the Colombian Ministry of Education 2013 ECAES scores, higher education in Cesar is ranked among the 'lowest quality' in Colombia.
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2858:(mototaxismo), taking illegally over the bus and taxi services, to a point that are making them go bankrupt. The local government is attempting to penalize the use of Auto rickshaw for safety reasons and are also operating illegally, but because there are so many and tend to violently protest, the issue became difficult. In 2014 the local government expects to introduce the new Massive Strategic Transportation System (
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1504:(the Caribbean surprise) because of its rapid economic growth during the 1970s, especially in cotton production, which local people called "white gold". Valledupar ranked second overall in economic profits for Colombia during this time. Urban growth and social change accompanied prosperity and the city developed its cultural identity throughout these years. The revival of the
547:, from warm heat to perpetual snow. Notable geographic features in Valledupar include the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta's peaks; the Codazzi, El Guardian, the Ojeda and La Reina. Many rivers descend from its snowy peaks and lagoons; the Ariguani, Ariguanicito, Badillo, Calderas, Cesar, Curiba, Donachui, Garupal, Guatapuri, which borders the city of Valledupar; and the Mariangola.
1556:'s abuses, and after approximately fifteen years of asphyxiating Valledupar's society and supporting negligence by the Colombian military, some prominent leaders of Valledupar, landowners and those victims of these organizations decided to become part or promote, self-defense forces that later on affiliated with the
1524:. Palmera became a guerrilla leader; as a banker, he knew who in the city and region were wealthy. He began kidnapping (and sometimes killing) prominent political leaders, journalists and rich land owners (including members of his own family), using the ransoms to finance his organization. He took the alias
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Many local government leaders have been involved in corruption cases, investigated and sometimes incarcerated. The government bureaucracy is highly politicized, with the execution of some plans dependent on political interests and winning advantages over political adversaries. The local judiciary is
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and thunderstorms. The regions is slightly affected by the annual
Caribbean hurricane season. The levels of rivers and bodies of water increase in the rainy season, and vegetation grows green and bushy. During the dry season, vegetation dries and turns mostly yellow, while bodies of water decrease in
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General collection and reference: It has one lecture room with a capacity for a hundred people, with open shelves and open access to collections for users. Children's room and workshop: independently, it also has a lecture and workshop room for children, with a collection specialized in children and
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The
Department of Cesar's government and Chamber of Deputies offices are based in Valledupar as well as other Department level entities. At City level, the Mayor of the City and the City counselors have a three-year term in office, and are in charge of local government issues. The mayor's powers are
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section, was inaugurated on May 8, 2002; created with the main purpose of contributing to social, educational and cultural development of the community with an initial collection of about 12,000 volumes in all areas of human knowledge. It has achieved up to date, a space for kids, youth and adults,
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The AUC northern block demobilized March 10, 2006. It is still uncertain if the
Colombian military can control the two terrorist organizations or dismantle them. Because of the longstanding violence, many rural people migrated into the city. Prominent regional leaders have been killed; others were
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Since the colonization period, the region has been a center for imports from the
Caribbean area and distribution to the inland. Spaniards traveled through the area and established extensive farming, mainly rearing imported European cattle (among many animals) and agriculture. Much of the population
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The municipality is home to numerous endemic species, mostly living in the ecosystem of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and
Serrania del Perijá mountains, one of the most biodiverse places in the world. The most recently discovered species of bees was found in rural areas of Valledupar and named
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Many descendants from the colonial period were converted to
Catholicism. At the same time, practices have absorbed aspects of Amerindian and African cultures, as Christianity is syncretic. The holy week, in April, is celebrated in much the same way as during colonial times; with fasting, church
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Climate in the municipality of
Valledupar is determined by altitude. Half of the region is mountainous and the rest is plains in between the mountain ranges of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Serrania del Perijá. Throughout the year, the region has two dry seasons and two rainy seasons
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Reserve (pop. 4,500). The
Amerindian cultures have contributed traditional arts and crafts, as well as many crop management. Africans contributed to the food, religion and music and Europeans contributed to architecture, growth of the Catholic religion and other aspects, especially that of the
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youth's literature, as well as audiovisual materials and other elements to work in plastic arts. In this room, starting at 10 a.m. on
Saturdays, a project of story telling goes on called "La Hora del Cuento" (the story time) and on Fridays at 4 p.m. the presentation of movies for children.
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The city of
Valledupar has two major malls; the Guatapurí Plaza, located north of the city, near the "Parque de la leyenda Vallenata". The complex was started in November 2007, with three major sections: Shopping center, which was opened in 2008, featuring more than 50 major national and
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which are the historical backbone of the local economy. During the 1970s, the region experienced an economic boom because of a massive production of cotton when worldwide demand was high. This helped to modernize Valledupar, and it became the second most productive region in
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During World War II, the city received many immigrants from Europe, especially French, Germans and Italians. Later it attracted immigrants from the Middle East. In 1956 it was proclaimed a parish by the Catholic Church. After the Republic of Colombia was created and the
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Valledupar's land transportation terminal provides national and international services through sixteen different bus or van transportation companies. Four of whom make trips to rural areas of the municipality. In the urban area transportation services are provided by
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These two entities are part of the Colombian Ministry of Culture and their main purpose is to promote and preserve local cultural traditions, exploit cultural abilities from the region and promote an alternative to get to know different cultures.
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for some time. The cotton boom ended during the 1980s because of a decrease in cotton production during the years of violence. The resulting economic recession left many in debt and unable to repay loans to the banks. During these years
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Valledupar has four different land entrances, and is crossed by national highway Route 80 from south to north. Route 80 is still under-construction, a segment between the village of Badillo via the village of Patillal and the town of
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to finance their operations. They used terrorism tactics that also affected innocent people, such as selective and random kidnappings, and combinations of racketeering and selective assassinations – the trademark of Death Squads. The
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era. The region maintained relative isolation from the rest of the country due to its low importance at the time. The violent political struggles of the different governments of Colombia took place mostly in larger cities, such as
2370:). The latter originated in a colonial theater play, developed to represent the devil and good, in an effort to convert the Amerindians to Christianity. Valledupar also celebrates a carnival in February, smaller but similar to
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Valledupar annually hosts one of the most important Cattle Fairs (Spanish: Ferias Ganaderas) in Colombia at the end of August. It is also an opportunity to feature other agricultural and domestic products.
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On-line catalog: this system helps localize information that users need and contains local bibliographical material information that it's connected to the Banco de la Republica's national libraries network.
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Education in Colombia is centralized under the Ministry of National Education according to the Constitution. The ministry also approves the functioning of private or state owned educational institutions.
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Valledupar's cultural background comes from three different major cultures; African, European, and Amerindian. The creolization of these cultures developed into unique musical styles, such as in the
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2268:(Vallenato Legend Festival Coffee). This effort is to promote coffee produced by the local small and medium-sized farms from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the Serranía del Perijá.
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Dances play a very important role in the cultural identity of this society, coming from the three different cultures that founded it, among this dances are: "Tambora La Cumaná" "El Pilon
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The crown on top with three peaks symbolizes the three kings that visited Jesus and also resembles the Spanish heritage and history of Valledupar, once part of the Spanish monarchy.
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1948:(Loperena National School). The high school institutions with the highest academic level in the city are the Fundación Colegio Bilingüe de Valledupar, Colegio La Sagrada Familia,
2288:. Valledupar was established as a Spanish colonial town, where colonists tried to reimpose what they knew in terms of familiar customs, food, popular religion, music, dances and
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helped take back the region from guerrillas, but Valledupar residents had to deal with similar uncertainty in having an illegal and terrorist organization controlling the city.
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have flourished in the region, shifting from illegal drug production to illegal trafficking of fuel from Venezuela as well as other products. These groups contribute to the
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phenomena. The peaks of the mountainous region gets snow during the rainy season and much cooler days and depending on the weather, the entire region gets hit lightly by
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of the Chimila Nation died from epidemics of new infectious diseases carried by the Europeans; survivors were worked at forced labor, and many died during battles.
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The entities in charge of protecting and controlling the fauna and flora in the region are the Colombian Ministry of Environment, the local decentralized agency
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The economy of Valledupar is based primarily on commerce, retail and banking in the urban area, mainly in the service industry and tourism during the four-day
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Other waves of European immigrants came during the 1940s to 1950s while trying to escape World War II or social crisis; mostly from Spain, Germany and France.
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it has given access to all users in this society to literature workshops, plastic arts, music, conferences, expositions and local writer's book presentations.
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1452:. In 1915, after the political and administrative division restructuring of the Unitarian Colombian State, Valledupar was proclaimed the municipality of the
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1391:, governor of Venezuela, who invaded the area belonging to the government of Santa Marta. The city was founded in 1550 by the Spanish conquistador, Captain
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During the colonial period, Spaniards introduced invasive European fauna into the region, such as dogs, cats, rats, mice, cattle, horses, mules, goats and
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Audiovisual Services: the library also has three individual cubicles for the use of audiovisual material, mostly containing cultural and scientific.
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1591:, Valledupar developed as an important agricultural and cattle raising center for the region between the departments of Cesar and southern parts of
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of the Valle de Upar rebelled against the Spanish monarchy, protesting against Mayor Colonel Marques de Valde-Hoyos. The mayor fled to neighboring
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In Valledupar 84% of the total population lives in the urban areas of the municipality with a density of approximately 68,4 inhabitants per km²
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From approximately the 1960s, waves of immigrants from the Middle East started arriving in the city. They have been sympathetically nicknamed
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Aerial panoramic view, Monument to the Revolution in March, Calle 15 in the Historic Center, Statue of Cacique Upar and the Guatapuri River
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is celebrated in July. In religious practices, Christians represent the majority of the population. There are a minority of Muslims.
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trees, which have become the most popular tree in the city and municipality. However, the symbolic trees of the city are two types of
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In 2013, Valledupar was classified on average as the hottest place in Colombia, according to the Colombian Meteorological Institute,
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The coat of arms was recently redesigned to meet new identities of Valledupar that now included the vallenato musical instruments;
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2374:. Carnival's celebration of pagan traditions, and quickly helped the African and Amerindian traditions to become part of society.
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The region is using technology in order to develop into a more modern city. In a smaller scale, other sources of the economy are:
2063:) by locals. Immigrants have been welcomed and are able to become part of society, marrying into traditional Valledupar families.
632:, doves, among others. Spaniards also introduced numerous species of flora from all over the world into the region, most notably
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2241:, has gained economic importance because of its impact in Valledupar's economy. The Festival has become a destination for the
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2109:, or marijuana sellers, also produced and contributed to the economic boom, because of the high demand in the United States.
2355:). From village to village, they sang the news and stories from other towns, usually playing an instrument. This is how the
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and other cash crops. Since the late 20th century, the city has benefited from the department of Cesar's development of
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Neighborhood Novalito located in the north of Valledupar and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain in the background.
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A period of violence erupted during the mid-1980s, disrupting the peaceful growth. A struggling leftist political party,
495:, coal mining and agro-industrial center for the region between the Departments of Cesar and southern municipalities of
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1541:. The amount stolen: COP$ 24,075 million of non emitted bills (some US$ 11 million) and came to be known as the "
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The top right pictures the three main instruments of the Vallenato music; an accordion, a caja and a guacharaca.
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culture, are based near this region inside Indian reserves, all named for the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta: the
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The Municipality of Valledupar is divided into six different geographic zones integrated by subdivisions called
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The bottom right symbolizes the agriculture; with the three main produces pictured; cotton, coffee and sorghum.
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The bottom red symbolizes the sacrifices of the many through history who have helped develop Valledupar.
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There are three other major shopping center projects for the city, most notably MegaMall and Unicentro.
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highly dependent on the budgets assigned by the Departmental government in order to execute plans.
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The municipality has an area of about 4,977.96 km², from which 72,660 km² pertain to the
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Diario El Tiempo: Se entregó 'Jorge 40', jefe desmovilizado del Bloque Norte de las Autodefensas
2144:. The secondary sector has been flourishing from a few agricultural products and derivates from
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The letters read the full name of Valledupar in Spanish; City of the holy kings of Valledupar.
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1387:. The region was first explored by Pedro de Badillo. It was conquered in 1532 by the German
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3076:(in Spanish). Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales. Archived from
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The region started developing quickly due to political support from the former President
1399:(city of the holy kings of Valledupar) because it was founded on the 6th day of January,
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The Spanish named the Valle de Upar (Valley of Upar) after a legendary local Amerindian
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also vulnerable to corruption, as well as being a target of terrorists and guerrillas.
1613:). Since 1968 at the end of April, the city has held an annual four-day festival, the
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de Fernandez de Castro, a wealthy land owner who helped supply three hundred horses to
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Casa de la Cultura (House of Culture) and Escuela de Bellas Artes (Fine Arts School)
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The Municipality of Valledupar is bordered on the north with the municipalities of
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Technicals schools also operate in Valedupar, most notably the state owned, SENA.
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He escaped into the mountains, taking refuge with the armed branch of the UP; the
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the bottom left picture shows a bull symbolizing the cattle raising and ranching.
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The top left picture shows the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta mountain snowy peaks.
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by public contest. The winner was Rita Fernandez Padilla, a composer from nearby
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543:. Because of its relatively high altitude and proximity to the equator, it has a
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The self-defense forces adopted methods like the guerrilla, including illegal
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The top blue; symbolizes the sky and the rivers that flow through the region.
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Location in the Department of Cesar. Municipality (dark gray), City (red).
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tournaments. Many footballers from Valledupar play or have played in the
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1411:. The name was gradually modified to Valle Dupar and then to Valledupar.
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2929:(in Spanish). Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE)
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agreed to promote local coffee as one of their products, under the name
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supermarket. A Movie Theatre, opened 28 November 2008 and operated by
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During the 1980s, 1990s and early 2000s, the city suffered during the
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Terrorist groups are still present and affect the local economy; The
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music has been a creole fusion of these three cultures; the European
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1395:, who named it. The Catholic Church commonly referred to the city as
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Monument honoring the Vallenata Siren legend by the Guatapuri River.
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with a view of the "marching revolution" monument and the cityhall.
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music, representative of the Colombian culture. The city hosts the
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industry in the region. They cultivate great quantities of opium
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The flag has three horizontal equal stripes of different colors;
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During this period, general crime rose and, on October 15, 1994,
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statue honoring the great Native American that ruled the valley.
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Culturas Aborigenes Cesarences e Independencia de Valle de Upar
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Statue honoring Cpt Hernando de Santana, founder of Valledupar.
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Climate data for Valledupar, Guaymaral 50 m (1981–2010)
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INPEC: Instituto Nacional Penitenciario; listado de Carceles
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Instituto de Hidrologia Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales
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2971:"From Colombia's Upper Class, Rebel and His Foil Diverged"
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The center white, symbolizes the white snow peaks of the
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was established in 1967, Valledupar became its capital.
2610:, was established in 1984 by then Major of Valledupar,
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in order to drive north to the northern department of
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attendance and processions to venerate Jesus and the
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Despite the violence, since it became capital of the
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The largest Middle/High school in Valledupar is the
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2606:See: Hymn of Valledupar Valledupar's anthem, named
2493:or top divisions in other countries as well as the
1510:music strongly symbolizes the culture of Colombia.
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461:(Valley of Upar), was established in honor of the
2555:are also practiced under the support of INDUPAL.
1816:Corregimientos in the Municipality of Valledupar.
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2830:including northern regions of Colombia, like
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2075:Cotton, once Valledupar's main commodity crop
1584:forced into bankruptcy or out of the region.
1560:and assigned another "Vallenatean" as leader
1480:preserves much Spanish colonial architecture.
1418:On May 22, 1810, some 400 inhabitants of the
472:. The city lies between the mountains of the
449:) is a city and municipality in northeastern
2940:
2262:Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia
16:Municipality and city in Caribbean, Colombia
2947:Alcaldia Valledupar: Historia de Valledupar
1995:NOTE: this statistic is from the year 2004.
1645:
1444:and in 1864 was elevated to capital of the
1397:Ciudad de los Santos Reyes de Valle de Upar
299:4,977.66 km (1,921.89 sq mi)
3752:
3738:
3239:
3225:
3197:, Bogotá: Casa de la Cultura de Valledupar
3179:, Colombia: Proyecto Editorial Babilonia,
2990:"Viviendas para desplazados de Valledupar"
2983:
2952:valledupar.gov.co Accessed 8 October 2006.
2249:and cuisine have contributed to a growing
599:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta National Park
3945:1550 establishments in the Spanish Empire
2966:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2860:Sistema Estrategico de Transporte Público
1901:2 corregimientos divided into 21 veredas.
1876:2 corregimientos divided into 30 veredas.
1841:4 corregimientos divided into 15 veredas.
1808:2 corregimientos divided into 13 veredas.
1743:10 corregimientos divided into 4 veredas.
1703:5 corregimientos divided into 42 veredas.
614:in tribute to the local Vallenato music.
562:. To the south are the municipalities of
527:'s most modern maximum security prisons.
503:. Valledupar is notable as the cradle of
491:Valledupar is an important agricultural,
3157:Gutierrez Hinojosa, Tomas Dario (2000),
3114:
2800:
2676:
2588:
2570:in London while competing for Colombia.
2501:. Notable international players include
2316:
2308:
2078:
2070:
1811:
1656:
1471:
1440:In 1850, the city became capital of the
1370:
133:Ciudad de los Santos Reyes de Valledupar
1595:. It is most notable as the cradle of
625:that flock the fruit trees year round.
593:Indian Reserve, 399.52 km² to the
535:Valledupar is located southeast of the
3917:
3147:Dangon Ovalle, Jaime (November 1987),
3111:banrep.gov.co Accessed 8 October 2006.
2955:
1692:(25), and subdivisions to this called
135:(City of the Holy Kings of Valledupar)
3733:
3220:
3209:City of Valledupar – official website
3133:eltiempo.com Accessed 8 October 2006.
3092:
3040:
3014:
3011:inpec.gov.co Accessed 8 October 2006.
2672:
2396:Public Library Rafael Carrillo Luquez
2266:Cafe Festival de la Leyenda Vallenata
444:
307:47.53 km (18.35 sq mi)
3940:Populated places established in 1550
3151:, Valledupar: Departamento del Cesar
3048:"Promedios Climatológicos 1971–2000"
3022:"Promedios Climatológicos 1981–2010"
2999:
2432:international retail stores such as
1672:The city of Valledupar is made up 6
3193:Castro Trespalacios, Pedro (1979),
3161:, Bogotá: Editorial Grijalbo LTDA,
2112:Valledupar mainly produces cotton,
1545:" (The bank heist of the century).
13:
3935:Municipalities of Cesar Department
2893:(1775–1835), independence activist
2045:and percussive elements, and the "
604:
165:
94:From above and from left to right:
14:
3956:
3930:Capitals of Colombian departments
3202:
3159:Valledupar Musica de una Historia
3099:Banrep: Bank heist of the century
2899:(born 1982), Colombian footballer
2872:
2796:
2368:The Corpus Christi Dancing Devils
1683:
1539:(Bank of the Republic) was robbed
1500:. Valledupar came to be known as
1383:, Upar, leader of the indigenous
3903:
3248:
3175:Araujonoguera, Consuelo (2002),
2593:Alfonso Lopez Plaza in downtown
2575:Armando Maestre Pavajeau Stadium
617:The city's symbolic bird is the
539:. Its average temperature is 28
164:
157:
141:
115:
105:
81:
74:
63:
56:
45:
3379:Superior Tribunal of Valledupar
2644:
2577:(set to be remodeled), and the
2495:Colombia national football team
2400:Consuelo Araújo Noguera Library
2359:music was believed to be born.
1924:
356: • Urban density
3066:
2916:
2867:Alfonso López Pumarejo Airport
2637:mountain and the wished peace.
2601:
2579:Coliseo Cubierto de Valledupar
2021:Reserve (pop. 12,000) and the
2000:
1970:Overall Educational Statistics
1959:The largest university is the
1:
3140:
2339:has helped preserve stories,
1607:) and a scraping instrument (
597:, and 425.60 km² to the
595:Kogui and Wiwa Indian Reserve
276:Ernesto Miguel Orozco Durán"
2865:Valledupar is served by the
2844:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
2635:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
2198:, industrial manufacturing,
1929:
1641:Political System of Colombia
1599:music, which is played with
537:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
530:
474:Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta
359:9,100/km (24,000/sq mi)
7:
3450:Water supply and sanitation
2805:Bus terminal of Valledupar.
2167:. Other mafia-style groups
2017:Reserve (pop. 18,500); the
1961:Popular University of Cesar
1952:, Colegio San Fernando and
1620:
1164:Average precipitation days
950:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
810:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
10:
3961:
2996:, Accessed 8 October 2006.
2992:, Presidencia de Colombia
2762:Cable TV and Satellite TV:
2584:
2573:Sports venues include the
2497:, most notably goalkeeper
2275:
2066:
1950:Colegio Gimnasio del Norte
1933:
1624:
1515:the Patriotic Union (U.P.)
1458:Federal State of Magdalena
1450:Federal State of Magdalena
1364:
1360:
1349:
690:
658:
3901:
3768:
3589:
3516:
3463:
3420:
3392:
3352:
3324:
3276:
3264:
2891:María Concepción Loperena
2779:Internet providers :
2472:
2258:Vallenato Legend Festival
2239:Vallenato Legend Festival
2163:, mostly financed by the
2089:Vallenato Legend Festival
2030:Spanish colonial period.
1946:Colegio Nacional Loperena
1615:Vallenato Legend Festival
1462:United States of Colombia
1428:María Concepción Loperena
1302:
1255:
1207:
1163:
1089:
1019:
949:
879:
809:
739:
734:
731:
728:
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722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
707:
704:
701:
698:
695:
511:Vallenato Legend Festival
422:
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344:
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221:
186:
152:
140:
129:
101:
38:
28:
21:
2980:Accessed 8 October 2006.
2909:
2566:in taekwondo during the
2511:Spanish Primera División
2049:" from the Amerindians.
1646:Administrative divisions
1537:El Banco de la Republica
518:Colombian Armed Conflict
499:, formerly known as the
315:168 m (551 ft)
178:Location within Colombia
3149:El Cesar, Hijo del Amor
2621:
2503:Humberto Osorio Botello
2456:and a Hotel called the
2372:Barranquilla's Carnival
1498:Colombian Liberal Party
1494:Alfonso López Michelsen
1437:'s revolutionary army.
640:, colloquially called "
582:, in the department of
545:variety of environments
453:. It is the capital of
3760:Municipalities in the
3367:Department Secretaries
2885:Guzmán Quintero Torres
2806:
2722:(5)) Olímpica Stereo,
2686:
2598:
2332:
2314:
2084:
2076:
1980:Middle School = 24,561
1817:
1662:
1627:Politics of Valledupar
1481:
1376:
523:Valledupar has one of
480:to the borders of the
468:who ruled the valley;
442:Spanish pronunciation:
340:98/km (250/sq mi)
3344:History of Valledupar
2924:"INFORMACIÓN CAPITAL"
2814:in the department of
2804:
2680:
2592:
2460:that opened in 2009.
2320:
2312:
2082:
2074:
1936:Education in Colombia
1934:Further information:
1815:
1660:
1475:
1446:Valledupar Department
1374:
1367:History of Valledupar
558:in the department of
497:La Guajira Department
3316:Environmental issues
2568:2012 Summer Olympics
2324:Tecoma chrysostricha
2251:hospitality industry
1983:High School = 17,026
1676:subdivided into 138
740:Record high °C (°F)
446:[baʝeðuˈpaɾ]
337: • Density
3838:La Jagua de Ibirico
3664:La Jagua de Ibirico
3402:Political movements
3384:Military and police
3374:Department Assembly
3339:Province of Padilla
2716:Radio broadcasters:
2608:Himno de Valledupar
2491:Categoría Primera A
2256:In 2006 during the
2138:La Jagua de Ibirico
1986:University = 11,910
1589:Department of Cesar
1487:Department of Cesar
1454:Valledupar Province
1442:Valledupar Province
1407:visited the infant
1393:Hernando de Santana
1020:Record low °C (°F)
880:Daily mean °C (°F)
572:department of Cesar
478:Serranía del Perijá
280:partido Conservador
202: /
3445:Illegal drug trade
3412:Political scandals
3177:Trilogia Vallenata
3126:2007-02-25 at the
3104:2007-06-09 at the
2812:San Juan del Cesar
2807:
2710:Vanguardia Liberal
2687:
2673:Media and services
2612:Miguel Meza Valera
2599:
2558:Valledupar native
2333:
2315:
2165:illegal drug trade
2085:
2083:Young Brahman calf
2077:
1899:Northwestern Zone:
1874:Southwestern Zone:
1818:
1806:Southeastern Zone:
1741:Northwestern Zone:
1663:
1562:Rodrigo Tovar Pupo
1535:the national bank
1482:
1424:San Juan del Cesar
1377:
630:gallineta africana
556:San Juan del Cesar
304: • Urban
3912:
3911:
3843:Los Robles La Paz
3727:
3726:
3694:Los Robles La Paz
3493:Energy and mining
3080:on 15 August 2016
3054:on 15 August 2016
3028:on 15 August 2016
2505:, who played for
2479:football (soccer)
2477:Valledupar has a
2335:Traditional oral
2290:Castilian Spanish
2232:domestic services
2183:around the area.
2136:in the region of
1832:Valencia de Jesús
1784:El Alto la Vuelta
1543:El Robo del Siglo
1389:Ambrosius Ehinger
1357:
1356:
1210:relative humidity
568:Los Robles La Paz
435:
434:
384:Eastern Time Zone
206:10.483°N 73.250°W
3952:
3907:
3762:Cesar Department
3754:
3747:
3740:
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3730:
3253:
3252:
3251:
3241:
3234:
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3096:
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3089:
3087:
3085:
3074:"Tiempo y Clima"
3070:
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2935:
2934:
2928:
2920:
2745:TV Broadcasters:
2724:Maravilla Stereo
2446:Juan Valdez Café
2243:tourist industry
2005:Three groups of
1989:Post Grade = 938
1954:Colegio Santa Fe
1905:Corregimientos:
1880:Corregimientos:
1845:Corregimientos:
1820:Corregimientos:
1747:Corregimientos:
1707:Corregimientos:
1603:, a small drum (
1573:drug trafficking
688:
687:
612:Stelis vallenata
501:Padilla Province
455:Cesar Department
448:
443:
431:
427:Official website
217:
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3899:
3778:Agustín Codazzi
3764:
3758:
3728:
3723:
3604:Agustín Codazzi
3585:
3512:
3459:
3416:
3388:
3348:
3320:
3311:Protected areas
3272:
3260:
3249:
3247:
3245:
3211:
3205:
3187:
3169:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3130:
3128:Wayback Machine
3119:
3115:
3108:
3106:Wayback Machine
3097:
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2921:
2917:
2912:
2875:
2799:
2740:Radio Guatapuri
2675:
2647:
2624:
2604:
2587:
2507:Real Valladolid
2499:Jose Maria Pazo
2475:
2424:Shopping Center
2278:
2069:
2003:
1938:
1932:
1927:
1686:
1680:and Districts.
1648:
1629:
1623:
1502:sorpresa caribe
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638:Yellow Tabebuia
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605:Fauna and flora
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259:January 6, 1550
211:10.483; -73.250
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3591:Municipalities
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3488:Communications
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3203:External links
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2097:cattle raising
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2065:
2041:, the African
2009:, part of the
2002:
1999:
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1997:
1992:
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1984:
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1978:
1977:Kinder = 6,300
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1690:Corregimientos
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1684:Corregimientos
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1669:
1667:
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1625:Main article:
1622:
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1527:Simón Trinidad
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1403:, the day the
1365:Main article:
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721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
693:
692:
686:
660:
657:
606:
603:
532:
529:
493:cattle raising
433:
432:
424:
420:
419:
414:
408:
407:
404:
398:
397:
394:
392:
388:
387:
377:
371:
370:
367:
361:
360:
357:
353:
352:
349:
342:
341:
338:
334:
333:
330:
322:
321:
317:
316:
313:
309:
308:
305:
301:
300:
297:
289:
288:
284:
283:
273:
266:
265:
261:
260:
257:
253:
252:
247:
241:
240:
235:
229:
228:
223:
219:
218:
184:
183:
177:
171:
170:
163:
162:
156:
155:
154:
153:
150:
149:
146:
138:
137:
131:
127:
126:
120:
114:
110:
104:
103:
102:
99:
98:
92:
80:
73:
72:
71:
62:
55:
54:
53:
44:
43:
42:
41:
40:
39:
36:
35:
29:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3957:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3922:
3920:
3906:
3896:
3895:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3767:
3763:
3755:
3750:
3748:
3743:
3741:
3736:
3735:
3732:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3462:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3397:
3395:
3391:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3323:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3242:
3237:
3235:
3230:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3196:
3191:
3188:
3186:958-33-3360-3
3182:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3168:958-639-175-2
3164:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3145:
3144:
3129:
3125:
3122:
3117:
3107:
3103:
3100:
3095:
3079:
3075:
3069:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3027:
3023:
3017:
3007:
3002:
2991:
2986:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2959:
2948:
2943:
2925:
2919:
2915:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2897:Jaider Romero
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2879:Diomedes Díaz
2877:
2876:
2870:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2803:
2792:
2788:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2732:Caracol Radio
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2698:El Espectador
2695:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2650:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2596:
2591:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2487:Copa Colombia
2484:
2483:Valledupar FC
2480:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2464:Mayales Plaza
2461:
2459:
2458:Sonesta Hotel
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2416:
2413:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2401:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2331:colloquially.
2330:
2326:
2325:
2319:
2311:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2273:
2269:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2254:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2229:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2173:illicit drugs
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2149:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2115:
2110:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2081:
2073:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1912:Sabana Crespo
1910:
1909:
1908:
1907:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1846:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1827:Aguas Blancas
1825:
1824:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1814:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1769:Los Corazones
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1750:
1749:
1748:
1742:
1739:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1724:Chemesquemena
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1691:
1681:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1643:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1538:
1531:
1529:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1488:
1479:
1474:
1470:
1468:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1435:Simón Bolívar
1433:
1432:El Libertador
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1373:
1368:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1261:
1259:
1256:Mean monthly
1254:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1196:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1092:precipitation
1088:
1082:
1077:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1018:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
957:
952:
948:
942:
937:
932:
927:
922:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
878:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
808:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
738:
694:
689:
685:
683:
678:
675:
671:
667:
656:
654:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
626:
624:
620:
615:
613:
602:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
528:
526:
521:
519:
514:
512:
508:
507:
502:
498:
494:
489:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
464:
460:
459:Valle de Upar
456:
452:
447:
439:
428:
425:
421:
418:
415:
413:
409:
405:
403:
399:
395:200001-200005
393:
389:
385:
381:
378:
376:
372:
368:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
348:
345: •
343:
339:
335:
331:
328:
325: •
323:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
295:
292: •
290:
285:
281:
278:(2024–2028) (
277:
274:
272:
269: •
267:
262:
258:
254:
251:
248:
246:
242:
239:
236:
234:
230:
227:
224:
220:
215:
187:Coordinates:
185:
160:
151:
144:
139:
134:
128:
118:
108:
100:
95:
84:
77:
66:
59:
48:
37:
32:
27:
20:
3893:
3892:
3863:Pueblo Bello
3718:
3684:Pueblo Bello
3536:Architecture
3440:Human rights
3268:
3267:
3212:(in Spanish)
3194:
3176:
3158:
3148:
3131:(in Spanish)
3116:
3109:(in Spanish)
3094:
3082:. Retrieved
3078:the original
3068:
3056:. Retrieved
3052:the original
3042:
3030:. Retrieved
3026:the original
3016:
3009:(in Spanish)
3001:
2994:(in Spanish)
2985:
2978:(in Spanish)
2974:
2950:(in Spanish)
2942:
2931:. Retrieved
2918:
2887:, journalist
2864:
2859:
2848:
2836:Barranquilla
2808:
2778:
2761:
2744:
2715:
2690:
2683:Cacique Upar
2682:
2648:
2645:Coat of arms
2625:
2607:
2605:
2594:
2572:
2564:bronze medal
2557:
2517:Martial arts
2515:
2481:team called
2476:
2468:
2462:
2430:
2422:
2406:
2399:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2378:
2361:
2348:
2337:storytelling
2334:
2328:
2322:
2321:A flowering
2297:
2294:
2279:
2270:
2265:
2255:
2236:
2196:construction
2185:
2150:
2111:
2106:
2086:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2032:
2004:
1994:
1969:
1968:
1965:
1958:
1943:
1939:
1925:Demographics
1917:Azúcar Buena
1904:
1898:
1879:
1873:
1844:
1838:
1819:
1805:
1746:
1740:
1706:
1700:
1687:
1671:
1649:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1608:
1604:
1586:
1582:
1570:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1532:
1525:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1501:
1491:
1483:
1477:
1439:
1431:
1417:
1413:
1396:
1378:
1094:mm (inches)
679:
664:affected by
662:
650:
645:
641:
627:
616:
608:
588:
549:
534:
522:
515:
504:
490:
470:Cacique Upar
469:
458:
457:. Its name,
437:
436:
430:(in Spanish)
327:Municipality
294:Municipality
132:
93:
31:Municipality
3888:Tamalameque
3873:San Alberto
3798:Chimichagua
3714:Tamalameque
3699:San Alberto
3624:Chimichagua
3473:Agriculture
3435:Health care
2832:Santa Marta
2691:Newspapers:
2616:Santa Marta
2602:City anthem
2560:Oscar Muñoz
2220:real estate
2200:electricity
2159:and former
2134:coal mining
2093:Agriculture
2007:Amerindians
2001:Ethnicities
1862:Los Venados
1734:Los Haticos
1548:To counter
1460:during the
1405:three kings
1303:Mean daily
391:Postal code
209: /
3925:Valledupar
3919:Categories
3894:Valledupar
3883:San Martín
3868:Rio de Oro
3803:Chiriguaná
3719:Valledupar
3709:San Martín
3689:Rio de Oro
3629:Chiriguaná
3556:Literature
3422:Demography
3354:Government
3269:Valledupar
3258:Department
3141:References
2933:2024-01-14
2824:La Guajira
2816:La Guajira
2757:Telecaribe
2749:Caracol TV
2702:El Heraldo
2595:Valledupar
2549:volleyball
2541:basketball
2391:Libraries:
2247:ecotourism
2228:healthcare
2216:government
2214:industry,
2107:marimberos
2047:guacharaca
1887:Mariangola
1779:Las Raices
1759:Guacochito
1639:See more:
1610:guacharaca
1593:La Guajira
1478:Valledupar
674:hailstorms
653:Corpocesar
576:La Guajira
560:La Guajira
463:Amerindian
438:Valledupar
320:Population
264:Government
256:Foundation
245:Department
172:Valledupar
23:Valledupar
3878:San Diego
3833:La Gloria
3773:Aguachica
3704:San Diego
3659:La Gloria
3599:Aguachica
3581:Mythology
3551:Languages
3503:Companies
3455:Education
3430:Migration
3291:Mountains
3278:Geography
3266:Capital:
3084:23 August
3058:23 August
3032:23 August
2905:, la coma
2903:Alba Rosa
2840:Cartagena
2736:RCN Radio
2694:El Tiempo
2553:athletics
2521:taekwondo
2450:Carrefour
2364:Vallenato
2357:Vallenato
2353:minstrels
2329:Cañaguate
2327:known as
2282:vallenato
2224:education
2181:marihuana
2039:accordion
2035:Vallenato
1930:Education
1852:Guaimaral
1719:Guatapurí
1601:accordion
1597:vallenato
1507:Vallenato
1476:Downtown
642:Cañaguate
584:Magdalena
580:Aracataca
531:Geography
506:vallenato
482:Guatapurí
402:Area code
375:Time zone
369:Vallenato
312:Elevation
238:Caribbean
3853:Pailitas
3828:González
3813:El Copey
3808:Curumaní
3793:Bosconia
3788:Becerril
3674:Pailitas
3654:González
3639:El Copey
3634:Curumaní
3619:Bosconia
3614:Becerril
3483:Taxation
3407:Election
3394:Politics
3362:Governor
3334:Timeline
3124:Archived
3102:Archived
2881:, singer
2828:Colombia
2783:Movistar
2774:Movistar
2706:El Pilón
2545:softball
2454:Cinemark
2398:and its
2349:juglares
2208:commerce
2118:oil palm
2102:Colombia
2019:Kankuamo
1867:El Perro
1857:Caracoli
1799:Rio Seco
1794:Patillal
1754:Guacoche
1714:Atanquez
1621:Politics
1566:Jorge 40
1401:Epiphany
1350:Source:
1298:2,543.2
1208:Average
1159:(51.00)
1090:Average
805:(114.8)
800:(103.6)
795:(100.4)
790:(100.8)
785:(102.2)
780:(104.4)
775:(114.8)
770:(105.4)
765:(102.9)
760:(103.6)
755:(107.6)
750:(103.6)
745:(103.1)
677:volume.
591:Arhuacos
552:Riohacha
525:Colombia
488:rivers.
476:and the
451:Colombia
329:and city
296:and city
226:Colombia
33:and city
3848:Manaure
3823:Gamarra
3818:El Paso
3669:Manaure
3649:Gamarra
3644:El Paso
3576:Symbols
3571:Tourism
3546:Cuisine
3518:Culture
3508:Poverty
3478:Banking
3465:Economy
3326:History
3286:Climate
2770:DirecTV
2585:Symbols
2533:cycling
2509:in the
2345:legends
2276:Culture
2188:fishing
2177:poppies
2169:BACRIMs
2142:El Paso
2122:tobacco
2067:Economy
2015:Arhuaco
2011:Tairona
1789:Badillo
1774:El Jabo
1729:La Mina
1694:Veredas
1678:barrios
1674:comunas
1564:a.k.a.
1448:of the
1420:Cabildo
1385:Chimila
1381:cacique
1361:History
1157:1,295.3
1154:(1.57)
1149:(5.86)
1144:(6.68)
1139:(6.09)
1134:(5.54)
1129:(4.50)
1124:(4.69)
1119:(7.14)
1114:(4.96)
1109:(3.07)
1104:(1.12)
1099:(0.27)
1085:(62.2)
1080:(63.0)
1075:(65.1)
1070:(65.8)
1065:(63.0)
1060:(64.4)
1055:(63.0)
1050:(68.7)
1045:(64.4)
1040:(64.8)
1035:(69.1)
1030:(67.6)
1025:(62.2)
1015:(75.0)
1010:(74.3)
1005:(74.5)
1000:(74.5)
995:(74.7)
990:(75.2)
985:(75.6)
980:(75.6)
975:(75.6)
970:(75.6)
965:(75.7)
960:(75.7)
955:(74.8)
945:(85.6)
940:(85.5)
935:(84.2)
930:(83.8)
925:(84.7)
920:(85.6)
915:(85.8)
910:(85.6)
905:(85.5)
900:(86.4)
895:(86.5)
890:(86.9)
885:(86.7)
875:(95.5)
870:(95.2)
865:(93.4)
860:(92.8)
855:(94.3)
850:(95.9)
845:(96.3)
840:(95.7)
835:(95.9)
830:(97.7)
825:(97.9)
820:(97.7)
815:(97.5)
670:La Niña
666:El Niño
659:Climate
623:parrots
619:Turpial
570:in the
564:El Paso
466:cacique
423:Website
412:Climate
365:Demonym
351:431,794
332:490,075
222:Country
197:73°15′W
194:10°29′N
3858:Pelaya
3783:Astrea
3679:Pelaya
3609:Astrea
3566:Sports
3531:Dances
3296:Rivers
3183:
3165:
2820:La Paz
2787:Edatel
2753:RCN TV
2562:won a
2551:, and
2529:karate
2473:Sports
2448:and a
2444:, the
2442:Subway
2286:cumbia
2260:, the
2146:cattle
2126:coffee
2057:Turcos
1467:Bogotá
1295:244.9
1292:201.0
1289:179.8
1286:180.0
1283:210.8
1280:207.7
1277:186.0
1274:189.1
1271:201.0
1268:238.7
1265:234.5
1262:269.7
696:Month
644:" and
406:57 + 5
380:UTC-05
233:Region
3561:Media
3526:Music
3306:Flora
3301:Fauna
3255:Cesar
2927:(PDF)
2910:Notes
2852:taxis
2791:Claro
2766:Claro
2730:(4))
2438:Levis
2341:myths
2212:hotel
2130:cocoa
2061:Turks
1666:Urban
1409:Jesus
1147:148.9
1142:169.7
1137:154.8
1132:140.7
1127:114.4
1122:119.1
1117:181.3
1112:125.9
735:Year
682:IDEAM
634:mango
486:Cesar
347:Urban
271:Mayor
250:Cesar
3181:ISBN
3163:ISBN
3086:2016
3060:2016
3034:2016
2838:and
2781:(3)
2772:and
2764:(4)
2755:and
2747:(3)
2728:A.M.
2720:F.M.
2681:The
2622:Flag
2527:and
2525:judo
2434:Nike
2343:and
2284:and
2237:The
2230:and
2202:and
2179:and
2153:FARC
2140:and
2114:rice
2095:and
2043:drum
2033:The
2027:Wiwa
2023:Kogi
1605:caja
1552:and
1550:FARC
1522:FARC
1345:7.0
1342:7.9
1339:6.7
1336:5.8
1333:6.0
1330:6.8
1327:6.7
1324:6.2
1321:6.1
1318:6.7
1315:7.7
1312:8.3
1309:8.7
1212:(%)
1152:40.0
1107:78.1
1102:28.5
1083:16.8
1078:17.2
1073:18.4
1068:18.8
1063:17.2
1058:18.0
1053:17.2
1048:20.4
1043:18.0
1038:18.2
1033:20.6
1028:19.8
1023:16.8
1013:23.9
1008:23.5
1003:23.6
998:23.6
993:23.7
988:24.0
983:24.2
978:24.2
973:24.2
968:24.2
963:24.3
958:24.3
953:23.8
943:29.8
938:29.7
933:29.0
928:28.8
923:29.3
918:29.8
913:29.9
908:29.8
903:29.7
898:30.2
893:30.3
888:30.5
883:30.4
873:35.3
868:35.1
863:34.1
858:33.8
853:34.6
848:35.5
843:35.7
838:35.4
833:35.5
828:36.5
823:36.6
818:36.5
813:36.4
803:46.0
798:39.8
793:38.0
788:38.2
783:39.0
778:40.2
773:46.0
768:40.8
763:39.4
758:39.8
753:42.0
748:39.8
743:39.5
732:Dec
729:Nov
726:Oct
723:Sep
720:Aug
717:Jul
714:Jun
711:May
708:Apr
705:Mar
702:Feb
699:Jan
668:and
566:and
554:and
484:and
287:Area
121:Seal
111:Flag
3541:Art
2531:),
2204:gas
2161:AUC
2157:ELN
1652:(1)
1578:AUC
1558:AUC
1554:ELN
1251:66
1248:65
1245:69
1242:70
1239:68
1236:66
1233:65
1230:65
1227:66
1224:63
1221:63
1218:62
1215:63
1203:94
1194:12
1191:12
1188:12
1179:11
1097:6.8
646:Puy
3921::
2973:,
2957:^
2846:.
2834:,
2789:,
2785:,
2768:,
2751:,
2738:,
2734:,
2708:,
2704:,
2700:,
2696:,
2581:.
2547:,
2543:,
2539:,
2535:,
2523:,
2513:.
2436:,
2302:.
2292:.
2253:.
2234:.
2226:,
2222:,
2218:,
2210:,
2206:,
2194:,
2190:,
2155:,
2148:.
2128:,
2124:,
2120:,
2116:,
1956:.
1654:.
1617:.
1568:.
1530:.
1469:.
1200:3
1197:9
1185:9
1182:9
1176:9
1173:5
1170:2
1167:1
684:.
601:.
586:.
541:°C
513:.
417:Aw
3753:e
3746:t
3739:v
3240:e
3233:t
3226:v
3153:.
3088:.
3062:.
3036:.
2936:.
2718:(
2712:.
2519:(
2426::
2381::
2351:(
2059:(
2025:-
440:(
386:)
382:(
282:)
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