835:
165:
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25:
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is double-ended: the inner end is encased in a thin rubber coating that prevents blood from leaking out if the
Vacutainer tubes are changed during a multi-draw, and the outer end which is inserted into the vein. When the needle is screwed into the translucent plastic needle holder, the coated end is
144:
with a colored rubber stopper creating a vacuum seal inside of the tube, facilitating the drawing of a predetermined volume of liquid. Vacutainer tubes may contain additives designed to stabilize and preserve the specimen prior to analytical testing. Tubes are available with a safety-engineered
188:
When a tube is inserted into the holder, its rubber cap is punctured by this inner needle and the vacuum in the tube pulls blood through the needle and into the tube. The filled tube is then removed and another can be inserted and filled the same way. The amount of air evacuated from the tube
276:
refers to the sequence in which tubes should be filled. The needle which pierces the tubes can carry additives from one tube into the next, so the sequence is standardized so that any cross-contamination of additives will not affect laboratory results.
865:. In developing countries, it is still common to draw blood using a syringe or syringes. Many brands have now started manufacturing Vaccutainer such as Vacu-8, Hemo Tube and Hemo Vac Plus. These tubes are now also available in pre-barcoded forms.
853:
The plastic tube version, known as
Vacutainer PLUS, was developed at B-D in the early 1990s by E. Vogler, D. Montgomery and G. Harper amongst others of the Surface Science Group as US patents 5344611, 5326535, 5320812, 5257633 and 5246666.
192:
Each tube is topped with a color-coded plastic or rubber cap. Tubes often include additives that mix with the blood when collected, and the color of each tube's plastic cap indicates which additives it contains.
122:
172:
using a vacutainer. The clear plastic sheath around the top of the tube holds the needle. The orange guard will shield the needle after it is withdrawn from the patient to protect from
1142:
861:
in developed countries due to safety and ease of use. Vacutainers have the advantage of being prepared with additives, allowing easy multi-tube draws, and having a lower chance of
219:. Using the wrong tube may make the blood sample unusable for the intended purpose. These additives are typically thin film coatings applied using an
1187:
258:
accumulating at the top. Tubes containing gel can be easily handled and transported after centrifugation without the blood cells and serum mixing.
250:. Additionally, some tubes contain additives that preserve certain components of or substances within the blood, such as glucose. When a tube is
196:
Blood collection tubes expire because over time the vacuum is lost and blood will not be drawn into the tube when the needle punctures the cap.
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1035:
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89:
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stopper, with a variety of labeling options and draw volumes. The color of the top indicates the additives in the vial.
61:
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344:
Usually drawn first for minimal risk of contamination. Two bottles are typically collected in one blood draw; one for
108:
68:
533:
838:
Blood collection tubes are among the basic medical supplies taken by disaster relief programs to affected areas.
298:
796:
558:
46:
254:, the materials within are separated by density, with the blood cells sinking to the bottom and the plasma or
75:
137:
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1. Grey (nil) tube 2. Green (TB1 antigen) tube 3. Yellow (TB2 antigen) tube 4. Purple (mitogen) tube
386:
42:
1408:
57:
763:
410:
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489:
439:(SST): Tube inversions promote clotting. Most chemistry, endocrine and serology tests, including
173:
35:
1163:
952:
834:
1246:
1216:"Effects of standard anticoagulants and storage procedures on plasma glucose values in seals"
1116:
1089:
726:
467:
435:
882:
842:
Vacutainer technology was developed in 1947 by Joseph
Kleiner, and is currently marketed by
846:(B-D). The Vacutainer was preceded by other vacuum-based phlebotomy technology such as the
554:
215:
Vacutainer tubes may contain additional substances that preserve blood for processing in a
8:
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1039:
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169:
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82:
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349:
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1248:
Accurate
Results in the Clinical Laboratory: A Guide to Error Detection and Correction
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predetermines how much blood will fill the tube before blood stops flowing.
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The meanings of the various colors are standardized across manufacturers.
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1115:"Chapter 3.4.1: Blood cultures; general detection and interpretation".
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208:
A tiger top tube after centrifugation to separate blood cells from
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509:
493:
481:
239:
957:
1346:"An Appraisal of the "Vacutainer" System for Blood Collection"
1064:"Blood collection: routine venipuncture and specimen handling"
204:
1168:
Pathology & Laboratory
Medicine, UCI School of Medicine
670:
231:
1312:
148:
Vacutainer tubes were invented by Joseph
Kleiner in 1949.
1213:
1091:
Mosby's
Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference - E-Book
738:
616:
444:
1273:"What types of samples will the Toxicology Lab analyze?"
1088:
Pagana, KD; Pagana, TJ; Pagana, TN (19 September 2014).
16:
Type of blood collection equipment for medical testing
1245:
Amitava
Dasgupta; Jorge L. Sepulveda (20 July 2019).
1238:
1297:"BD Vacutainer Venous Blood Collection – Tube Guide"
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1087:
1400:
906:
904:
644:Trace elements, heavy metals, most drug levels,
156:, which manufactures and sells the tubes today.
1214:Castellini MA, Castellini JM, Kirby VL (1992).
913:"A golden age of clinical chemistry: 1948–1960"
901:
1011:"Specimen Collection Tubes & Containers"
883:"Vacutainer and Their Use in Blood Sampling"
125:A range of Vacutainer tubes containing blood
1343:
1207:
910:
1094:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. xiii.
421:Gold (sometimes red and grey "tiger top")
1361:
1118:Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook
928:
242:) or a gel with density between those of
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1289:
833:
260:
203:
163:
120:
1320:"US Patent Office Patent number search"
306:Tube cap color or type in order of draw
1401:
1277:Oklahoma State Bureau of Investigation
1058:
1056:
1003:
875:
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1389:Blood Collection Tube Coating Video
1143:"Test Tube Guide and Order of Draw"
1053:
524:. Tube inversions prevent clotting
13:
1164:"Specimen requirements/containers"
1028:
14:
1430:
1382:
1251:. Elsevier Science. p. 131.
199:
1344:Ames, A.C.; Bamford, E. (1975).
953:"VACUTAINER - Trademark Details"
393:(TT). Tube must be filled 100%.
23:
1350:Annals of Clinical Biochemistry
1337:
1265:
1180:
1156:
1135:
961:. Justia Corporate Center. 2020
857:Vacutainers are widely used in
34:needs additional citations for
1108:
1081:
973:
945:
1:
868:
159:
152:is a registered trademark of
805:Grey, Green, Yellow, Purple
326:Sodium polyanethol sulfonate
7:
1150:Guthrie Laboratory Services
930:10.1093/clinchem/46.10.1705
387:partial thromboplastin time
10:
1435:
1363:10.1177/000456327501200136
829:
226:The additives may include
411:Total complement activity
1121:. Wiley. 6 August 2020.
174:accidental needle sticks
1036:"Quick Collection List"
565:, platelet antibodies,
370:(weak calcium chelator/
168:Drawing blood from the
1188:"Proper Order of Draw"
839:
746:Pearlescent ("white")
266:
265:Vacutainer blood tubes
212:
177:
126:
1195:Memorial Lab Services
837:
727:Acid-citrate-dextrose
515:Plasma separator gel
468:serum-separating tube
436:Serum-separating tube
264:
207:
167:
124:
911:Rosenfeld L (2000).
529:Lavender ("purple")
488:Chromosome testing,
43:improve this article
350:anaerobic organisms
312:Usage and comments
302:
185:inside the holder.
170:median cubital vein
1394:Pre barcoded tubes
1220:J Am Vet Med Assoc
840:
569:, blood levels of
280:
267:
217:medical laboratory
213:
178:
127:
1409:Medical equipment
1258:978-0-12-813777-2
1128:978-1-55581-881-4
1101:978-0-323-22592-2
889:. 5 February 2018
827:
826:
702:Potassium oxalate
379:Coagulation tests
346:aerobic organisms
221:ultrasonic nozzle
140:glass or plastic
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1038:. Archived from
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1013:. Archived from
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989:Becton Dickinson
981:"BD Vacutainer®"
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908:
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844:Becton Dickinson
683:Fluoride Oxalate
513:(anticoagulant)
460:serum separating
429:serum separating
383:prothrombin time
303:
301:
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154:Becton Dickinson
134:blood collection
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923:(10): 1705–14.
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887:medcaretips.com
881:
880:
876:
871:
832:
755:
737:, DNA studies,
731:(anticoagulant)
704:(anticoagulant)
588:
485:(anticoagulant)
359:("light blue")
202:
180:The Vacutainer
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456:Clot activator
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236:sodium citrate
228:anticoagulants
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200:Types of tubes
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60: –
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55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1353:
1349:
1339:
1328:. Retrieved
1324:the original
1314:
1303:. Retrieved
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1280:. Retrieved
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1226:(1): 145–8.
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1198:. Retrieved
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1171:. Retrieved
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1152:. June 2019.
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1072:. Retrieved
1068:the original
1044:. Retrieved
1040:the original
1030:
1019:. Retrieved
1015:the original
1005:
993:. Retrieved
984:
975:
963:. Retrieved
956:
947:
920:
916:
891:. Retrieved
886:
877:
856:
852:
841:
821:Tuberculosis
819:
814:
809:
804:
803:QuantiFERON
786:
762:
757:
749:
725:
709:
690:
682:
681:
669:
655:
630:
625:
604:Blood typing
602:
584:
548:
532:
519:
514:
508:
504:Light green
480:
466:
459:
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434:
428:
424:
406:
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358:
348:and one for
335:growth media
333:
325:
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290:venipuncture
281:
273:
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248:blood plasma
225:
214:
195:
191:
187:
179:
149:
147:
130:
128:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
58:"Vacutainer"
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
995:February 9,
965:February 9,
811:QuantiFERON
714:, lactate,
656:Sodium EDTA
624:Royal blue
619:viral load
613:Coombs test
575:cyclosporin
563:Coombs test
550:Whole blood
476:Dark green
402:No additive
286:sample tube
252:centrifuged
244:blood cells
1419:Containers
1403:Categories
1330:2009-09-24
1305:2007-05-30
1282:2024-01-24
1200:2023-06-15
1173:2020-09-10
1074:2006-02-01
1046:2006-02-01
1021:2006-02-01
869:References
859:phlebotomy
794:Paediatric
773:toxoplasma
769:adenovirus
716:toxicology
698:inhibitor)
696:glycolysis
646:toxicology
571:tacrolimus
398:Plain red
389:(PTT) and
294:phlebotomy
288:types for
282:Vacutainer
160:Principles
150:Vacutainer
136:tube is a
131:vacutainer
69:newspapers
917:Clin Chem
863:hemolysis
741:cultures
626:("navy")
611:, direct
441:hepatitis
385:(PT) and
272:The term
142:test tube
99:July 2015
1372:15637911
939:11017957
691:fluoride
660:chelator
635:chelator
593:chelator
539:chelator
507:Lithium
492:typing,
381:such as
309:Additive
1232:1644639
830:History
722:Yellow
711:Glucose
689:Sodium
510:heparin
498:lactate
494:ammonia
482:heparin
479:Sodium
471:(RST).
452:Orange
366:citrate
364:Sodium
296:
240:heparin
138:sterile
83:scholar
1370:
1255:
1230:
1125:
1098:
991:. 2020
958:Justia
937:
893:27 May
783:Black
752:and (K
521:Plasma
465:Rapid
332:) and
322:bottle
182:needle
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1414:Blood
1300:(PDF)
1191:(PDF)
1146:(PDF)
777:HHV-6
678:Gray
581:Pink
407:Serum
357:Blue
256:serum
210:serum
90:JSTOR
76:books
1368:PMID
1253:ISBN
1228:PMID
1123:ISBN
1096:ISBN
997:2020
967:2020
935:PMID
895:2020
775:and
767:for
758:EDTA
671:Lead
652:Tan
631:EDTA
607:and
589:EDTA
573:and
534:EDTA
458:and
443:and
427:and
338:for
299:edit
246:and
232:EDTA
62:news
1358:doi
1224:201
925:doi
797:ESR
764:PCR
739:HIV
617:HIV
559:ESR
555:CBC
490:HLA
462:gel
445:HIV
431:gel
374:)
45:by
1405::
1366:.
1354:12
1352:.
1348:.
1275:.
1222:.
1218:.
1193:.
1166:.
1148:.
1055:^
987:.
985:BD
983:.
955:.
933:.
921:46
919:.
915:.
903:^
885:.
850:.
771:,
662:/
637:/
615:,
595:/
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