679:
667:
655:
31:
83:
345:
58:
521:
577:
In extremely arid conditions, it may occur as a small, wiry bush. In more favorable conditions, it grows up to 21 m (70 ft) in height. The tree carries leaves that grow to approx. 2.5 cm (1 in) in length with between 4 and 10 pair of
666:
678:
718:, "Allah's Good Pleasure was on the Believers when they swore Fealty to thee under the Tree: He knew what was in their hearts, and He sent down Tranquillity to them; and He rewarded them with a speedy Victory;"
644:
The
Umbrella thorn is also an important species for rehabilitation of degraded arid land; it tolerates drought, wind, salinity and a wide range of soil types, and has the additional benefit of
974:
597:, high temperatures, sandy and stony soils, strongly sloped rooting surfaces and sandblasting. Also, plants older than two years have been observed to be somewhat frost resistant.
1512:
1202:
507:. It tends to grow in areas where temperatures vary from 0 to 50 °C (32 to 122 °F) and rainfall is anywhere from about 100–1,000 mm (3.9–39.4 in) per year.
641:. Parts of the tree including roots, shoots, and pods are also often used by natives for a vast number of purposes including decorations, weapons, tools, and medicines.
1766:
654:
1674:
1447:
1137:
1741:
1499:
1635:
1395:
1059:
672:
It has a combination of paired straight and paired hooked thorns, from which the
Afrikaans name derives, meaning "hook and prick".
1756:
1648:
1460:
1408:
1111:
1072:
887:
1465:
1116:
564:
546:
1142:
586:, and occur in tight clusters. Seeds are produced in pods which are flat and coiled into a springlike structure.
1661:
1434:
1098:
1220:
746:
1751:
531:
1692:
1530:
1377:
1288:
1312:
1622:
1653:
1413:
1077:
1687:
1525:
1215:
968:
899:
844:
82:
1761:
1504:
1338:
719:
542:
384:
39:
1478:
1181:
1679:
1452:
1372:
1004:
703:
1129:
648:, an essential plant nutrient, in the soil via its interaction with symbiotic root bacteria.
222:
1553:
1168:
538:
1346:
8:
1563:
1473:
1194:
1176:
985:
622:
47:
605:
Timber from the tree is used for furniture, wagon wheels, fence posts, cages, and pens.
1746:
1713:
1571:
1241:
699:
360:
77:
1320:
1163:
1046:
730:
was holding the latter's hand (when he was sitting) under the tree (called) Samura."
645:
630:
1491:
956:
864:
1718:
1576:
1246:
1051:
824:
805:
795:
457:
176:
1627:
1325:
1299:
1038:
1614:
1603:
1150:
1027:
120:
30:
1486:
1273:
1189:
980:
344:
107:
1735:
1124:
755:
67:
62:
835:
XVIII International
Botanical Congress, 23–30 July 2011, Melbourne Australia
1705:
1543:
1233:
1207:
723:
711:
582:
each with up to 15 pairs of leaflets. Flowers are small and white, highly
373:
1517:
1155:
770:
Kyalangalilwa B, Boatwright JS, Daru BH, Maurin O, van der Bank M (2013).
629:
for desert grazing animals. The bark is often used as a string medium in
1421:
1282:
1085:
625:. The pods and foliage, which grow prolifically on the tree, are used as
465:
189:
1387:
688:, here seen in flower, is smaller and often without a spreading crown.
1640:
1400:
1064:
638:
618:
610:
590:
1426:
1090:
810:
800:
771:
1359:
606:
579:
424:
199:
1103:
998:
549:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
1700:
1597:
1538:
1267:
1228:
1021:
707:
504:
500:
496:
166:
133:
1666:
1439:
1364:
942:
1333:
969:
Purdue
University's detailed article on the Umbrella Thorn Acacia
776:(Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in
769:
594:
484:
480:
445:
156:
1351:
1307:
634:
626:
614:
492:
488:
453:
441:
146:
715:
583:
461:
449:
94:
727:
922:
479:
is widespread in Africa, being found in countries like
471:
772:"Phylogenetic position and revised classification of
440:, a medium to large canopied tree native to most of
637:. Gum from the tree is edible and can be used as
933:the Arabian name used at that time for this tree.
1733:
698:It is also the tree under which the historic
763:
621:and the tabernacle furniture, including the
1767:Plants used in traditional African medicine
343:
56:
29:
809:
799:
693:
565:Learn how and when to remove this message
321:(Hochst. ex. A.Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
303:(Hochst. ex. A.Rich.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
865:"handbook on seeds of dry-zone acacias"
38:Specimen of the nominate subspecies in
1734:
609:wood was also used exclusively by the
1003:
1002:
995:Israel wildflowers and native plants
981:West African plants – A Photo Guide.
589:The plant is known to tolerate high
514:
1742:IUCN Red List least concern species
854:, Purdue University, December 1997.
756:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
739:
472:Distribution and growing conditions
13:
1221:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77087190-1
510:
402:(Forssk.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.
14:
1778:
950:
1693:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:508802-1
1531:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:471662-1
677:
665:
653:
519:
422:but now attributed to the genus
81:
936:
927:
1757:Flora of the Arabian Peninsula
916:
892:
881:
857:
838:
829:
818:
1:
733:
600:
464:), but also occurring in the
335:(Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi
280:(A.Chev.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
238:(Forssk.) Galasso & Banfi
312:(Chiov.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
259:(Burch.) Kyal. & Boatwr.
7:
545:the claims made and adding
10:
1783:
825:ILDIS Legumes of the World
289:(Savi) Kyal. & Boatwr.
271:(Savi) Kyal. & Boatwr.
1587:
1257:
1011:
888:World Agroforestry Centre
366:
359:
351:
342:
248:
244:Subspecies and varieties
243:
228:
221:
78:Scientific classification
76:
54:
45:
37:
28:
23:
684:The southern subspecies
617:in the building of the
40:Serengeti National Park
694:Religious connotations
633:, and is a source for
24:Umbrella thorn acacia
1752:Flora of Western Asia
430:umbrella thorn acacia
700:pledge of allegiance
660:The pods are curled.
904:www.hort.purdue.edu
623:Ark of the Covenant
444:, primarily to the
48:Conservation status
1479:Vachellia tortilis
1289:Vachellia tortilis
1208:vachellia-tortilis
1182:Vachellia tortilis
1013:Vachellia tortilis
987:Vachellia tortilis
958:Vachellia tortilis
846:Vachellia tortilis
749:Vachellia tortilis
530:possibly contains
477:Vachellia tortilis
416:, widely known as
413:Vachellia tortilis
399:Vachellia tortilis
354:Vachellia tortilis
328:Vachellia tortilis
296:Vachellia tortilis
264:Vachellia tortilis
252:Vachellia tortilis
232:Vachellia tortilis
1729:
1728:
1518:acacia-tortilis-0
1164:Open Tree of Life
1005:Taxon identifiers
943:Sahih Muslim 1856
900:"Acacia tortilis"
801:10.1111/boj.12047
575:
574:
567:
532:original research
432:, also known as
409:
408:
403:
395:
387:
376:
336:
322:
313:
304:
290:
281:
272:
260:
71:
1774:
1722:
1721:
1709:
1708:
1696:
1695:
1683:
1682:
1670:
1669:
1657:
1656:
1644:
1643:
1631:
1630:
1618:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1580:
1579:
1567:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1547:
1546:
1534:
1533:
1521:
1520:
1508:
1507:
1495:
1494:
1482:
1481:
1469:
1468:
1456:
1455:
1443:
1442:
1430:
1429:
1417:
1416:
1404:
1403:
1391:
1390:
1381:
1380:
1368:
1367:
1355:
1354:
1342:
1341:
1329:
1328:
1316:
1315:
1303:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1291:
1278:
1277:
1276:
1250:
1249:
1237:
1236:
1224:
1223:
1211:
1210:
1198:
1197:
1185:
1184:
1172:
1171:
1159:
1158:
1146:
1145:
1133:
1132:
1120:
1119:
1107:
1106:
1094:
1093:
1081:
1080:
1068:
1067:
1055:
1054:
1042:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1000:
999:
945:
940:
934:
931:
925:
920:
914:
913:
911:
910:
896:
890:
885:
879:
878:
876:
875:
861:
855:
842:
836:
833:
827:
822:
816:
815:
813:
803:
767:
761:
760:
743:
681:
669:
657:
570:
563:
559:
556:
550:
547:inline citations
523:
522:
515:
458:Somali peninsula
456:(especially the
401:
393:
382:
372:
347:
334:
320:
311:
302:
288:
279:
270:
258:
234:
214:V. tortilis
177:Caesalpinioideae
86:
85:
65:
60:
59:
33:
21:
20:
16:Species of plant
1782:
1781:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1762:Trees of Africa
1732:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1717:
1712:
1704:
1699:
1691:
1686:
1678:
1673:
1665:
1660:
1652:
1647:
1639:
1634:
1626:
1621:
1613:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1589:Mimosa tortilis
1583:
1575:
1570:
1562:
1560:
1552:
1550:
1542:
1537:
1529:
1524:
1516:
1511:
1503:
1498:
1490:
1485:
1477:
1472:
1464:
1459:
1451:
1446:
1438:
1433:
1425:
1420:
1412:
1407:
1399:
1394:
1386:
1384:
1376:
1371:
1363:
1358:
1350:
1345:
1337:
1332:
1324:
1319:
1313:acacia-tortilis
1311:
1306:
1298:
1296:
1287:
1286:
1281:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1259:Acacia tortilis
1253:
1245:
1240:
1232:
1227:
1219:
1214:
1206:
1201:
1193:
1188:
1180:
1175:
1167:
1162:
1154:
1151:Observation.org
1149:
1141:
1136:
1128:
1123:
1115:
1110:
1102:
1097:
1089:
1084:
1076:
1071:
1063:
1058:
1050:
1045:
1037:
1035:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1007:
991:Acacia tortilis
976:Acacia tortilis
964:) (www.fao.org)
962:Acacia tortilis
953:
948:
941:
937:
932:
928:
921:
917:
908:
906:
898:
897:
893:
886:
882:
873:
871:
863:
862:
858:
852:(Forsk.) Hayne)
850:Acacia tortilis
843:
839:
834:
830:
823:
819:
768:
764:
745:
744:
740:
736:
696:
689:
682:
673:
670:
661:
658:
646:fixing nitrogen
603:
571:
560:
554:
551:
536:
524:
520:
513:
511:Characteristics
474:
419:Acacia tortilis
391:Mimosa tortilis
380:Acacia tortilis
370:Acacia raddiana
239:
236:
230:
217:
80:
72:
61:
57:
50:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1780:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1727:
1726:
1724:
1723:
1719:wfo-0000196027
1710:
1697:
1684:
1671:
1658:
1645:
1632:
1619:
1609:
1593:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1582:
1581:
1577:wfo-0000211235
1568:
1558:
1548:
1535:
1522:
1509:
1496:
1483:
1470:
1457:
1444:
1431:
1418:
1405:
1392:
1382:
1369:
1356:
1343:
1330:
1317:
1304:
1294:
1279:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1247:wfo-0001285358
1238:
1225:
1212:
1199:
1186:
1173:
1160:
1147:
1134:
1121:
1108:
1095:
1082:
1069:
1056:
1043:
1033:
1017:
1015:
1009:
1008:
997:
996:
983:
972:
966:
952:
951:External links
949:
947:
946:
935:
926:
923:Al-Quran 48:18
915:
891:
880:
856:
837:
828:
817:
794:(4): 500–523.
788:Bot J Linn Soc
762:
737:
735:
732:
695:
692:
691:
690:
683:
676:
674:
671:
664:
662:
659:
652:
602:
599:
573:
572:
527:
525:
518:
512:
509:
473:
470:
438:Israeli babool
434:umbrella thorn
407:
406:
405:
404:
396:
388:
377:
364:
363:
357:
356:
349:
348:
340:
339:
338:
337:
325:
324:
323:
314:
293:
292:
291:
282:
261:
246:
245:
241:
240:
237:
226:
225:
219:
218:
211:
209:
205:
204:
197:
193:
192:
190:Mimosoid clade
187:
180:
179:
174:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
154:
150:
149:
144:
137:
136:
131:
124:
123:
118:
111:
110:
105:
98:
97:
92:
88:
87:
74:
73:
55:
52:
51:
46:
43:
42:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1779:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1720:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1605:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1578:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1415:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1314:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1295:
1290:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1256:
1248:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
994:
992:
988:
984:
982:
978:
977:
973:
970:
967:
965:
963:
959:
955:
954:
944:
939:
930:
924:
919:
905:
901:
895:
889:
884:
870:
866:
860:
853:
851:
847:
841:
832:
826:
821:
812:
807:
802:
797:
793:
789:
785:
783:
779:
775:
766:
758:
757:
752:
750:
742:
738:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
710:was held, as
709:
705:
701:
687:
680:
675:
668:
663:
656:
651:
650:
649:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
598:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
569:
566:
558:
548:
544:
540:
534:
533:
528:This section
526:
517:
516:
508:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:
421:
420:
415:
414:
400:
397:
392:
389:
386:
381:
378:
375:
371:
368:
367:
365:
362:
358:
355:
350:
346:
341:
333:
329:
326:
319:
315:
310:
306:
305:
301:
297:
294:
287:
283:
278:
274:
273:
269:
265:
262:
257:
253:
250:
249:
247:
242:
235:
233:
227:
224:
223:Binomial name
220:
216:
215:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:
198:
195:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
181:
178:
175:
172:
171:
168:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
148:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:Tracheophytes
106:
103:
100:
99:
96:
93:
90:
89:
84:
79:
75:
69:
64:
63:Least Concern
53:
49:
44:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1588:
1513:PlantZAfrica
1258:
1203:PlantZAfrica
1195:tro-50327453
1012:
990:
986:
975:
961:
957:
938:
929:
918:
907:. Retrieved
903:
894:
883:
872:. Retrieved
868:
859:
849:
845:
840:
831:
820:
791:
787:
781:
777:
773:
765:
754:
748:
741:
724:Sahih Muslim
714:says in the
697:
686:heteracantha
685:
643:
604:
588:
576:
561:
552:
529:
476:
475:
437:
433:
429:
423:
418:
417:
412:
411:
410:
398:
390:
379:
369:
353:
331:
327:
317:
308:
299:
295:
285:
276:
267:
263:
256:heteracantha
255:
251:
231:
229:
213:
212:
200:
183:
140:
127:
114:
101:
18:
1422:iNaturalist
1283:Wikispecies
1086:iNaturalist
869:www.fao.org
774:Acacia s.l.
555:August 2024
466:Middle East
173:Subfamily:
121:Angiosperms
1736:Categories
1487:Plant List
1190:Plant List
1104:77087190-1
909:2017-08-03
874:2017-08-03
811:10566/3454
734:References
720:Abu Zubayr
639:gum arabic
619:tabernacle
611:Israelites
601:Importance
591:alkalinity
539:improve it
383:(Forssk.)
318:spirocarpa
300:spirocarpa
1747:Vachellia
1604:Q14933879
1378:250063356
1028:Q14933877
782:Senegalia
778:Vachellia
704:Hudaybiya
607:Vachellia
543:verifying
428:, is the
425:Vachellia
352:Range of
277:pubescens
208:Species:
201:Vachellia
91:Kingdom:
1706:13036832
1701:Tropicos
1680:10695655
1667:508802-1
1598:Wikidata
1544:13024626
1539:Tropicos
1453:10174511
1440:471662-1
1274:Q1337058
1268:Wikidata
1234:50327453
1229:Tropicos
1130:19375415
1022:Wikidata
722:said in
708:Muhammad
631:Tanzania
584:aromatic
505:Botswana
501:Djibouti
497:Zimbabwe
361:Synonyms
332:tortilis
286:raddiana
268:raddiana
167:Fabaceae
163:Family:
134:Eudicots
68:IUCN 3.1
1641:2979908
1492:ild-632
1401:2979907
1334:Ecocrop
1065:3974700
726:that, "
613:in the
595:drought
537:Please
485:Morocco
481:Tunisia
446:savanna
394:Forssk.
330:subsp.
309:crinita
298:subsp.
266:subsp.
254:subsp.
196:Genus:
157:Fabales
153:Order:
95:Plantae
66: (
1654:313819
1628:192861
1612:APDB:
1554:477142
1551:uBio:
1500:PLANTS
1466:506369
1427:122111
1414:312504
1388:acator
1385:FoIO:
1352:691093
1308:ARKive
1300:145547
1297:APDB:
1169:581630
1156:779546
1143:138046
1117:819955
1091:489563
1078:465247
1039:226013
1036:APDB:
635:tannin
627:fodder
580:pinnae
503:, and
493:Angola
489:Uganda
454:Africa
442:Africa
147:Rosids
1675:IRMNG
1615:80672
1561:WoI:
1505:ACTO6
1448:IRMNG
1365:ACATO
1052:7F995
716:Quran
615:bible
462:Sudan
450:Sahel
385:Hayne
316:var.
307:var.
284:var.
275:var.
184:Clade
141:Clade
128:Clade
115:Clade
102:Clade
1688:POWO
1662:IPNI
1649:GRIN
1636:GBIF
1623:APNI
1526:POWO
1474:PfaF
1461:ITIS
1435:IPNI
1409:GRIN
1396:GBIF
1360:EPPO
1339:2712
1326:8Q75
1216:POWO
1177:PfaF
1138:NCBI
1125:IUCN
1112:ITIS
1099:IPNI
1073:GRIN
1060:GBIF
989:(as
960:(as
848:(as
780:and
728:Umar
460:and
448:and
436:and
374:Savi
1714:WFO
1572:WFO
1564:196
1373:FNA
1347:EoL
1321:CoL
1242:WFO
1047:CoL
979:in
806:hdl
796:doi
792:172
712:God
706:of
702:of
541:by
452:of
1738::
1716::
1703::
1690::
1677::
1664::
1651::
1638::
1625::
1600::
1574::
1541::
1528::
1515::
1502::
1489::
1476::
1463::
1450::
1437::
1424::
1411::
1398::
1375::
1362::
1349::
1336::
1323::
1310::
1285::
1270::
1244::
1231::
1218::
1205::
1192::
1179::
1166::
1153::
1140::
1127::
1114::
1101::
1088::
1075::
1062::
1049::
1024::
902:.
867:.
804:.
790:.
786:.
753:.
593:,
499:,
495:,
491:,
487:,
483:,
468:.
186::
143::
130::
117::
104::
993:)
971:.
912:.
877:.
814:.
808::
798::
784:"
759:.
751:"
747:"
568:)
562:(
557:)
553:(
535:.
70:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
_tortilis.jpg)
