133:
24:
426:. Having tracked the can of ether as it was moved between various residences and commercial storage lockers, the federal investigators determined the location of the can and obtained an arrest warrant. Respondent Karo and his accomplices were arrested for possession of cocaine with intent to distribute.
447:
The
Supreme Court held that the use of the beeper to conduct surveillance on Karo and his accomplices constituted an unlawful search and seizure in violation of the Fourth Amendment. However, they determined that since the affidavit which led to the issuance of the arrest warrant contained a
451:
The majority stated that the installation of the beeper in the can of ether did not constitute "search" or "seizure" by definition. Rather, the Fourth
Amendment was not implicated until the beeper was turned on and used to track the ether shipment on private property.
421:
agents installed an electronic beeper in a can of ether with the consent of the owner, a government informant. The marked can was sold along with a shipment of 50 gallons of ether to the respondents, who intended to use the ether for the extraction and production of
448:
significant amount of evidence not obtained through use of the beeper (such as the smell of ether emanating from the storage locker and visual tracking of the cans of ether in automobiles), the arrest warrant was valid. Thus, Karo's conviction was upheld.
1423:
439:, the Court held that the monitoring of a beeper did not violate the Fourth Amendment when it revealed no information that could not have been obtained through visual surveillance.
2983:
2249:
2834:
1383:
546:
518:
493:
461:
234:
218:
174:
2993:
641:
387:
369:
45:
38:
1317:
996:
2973:
2155:
2147:
752:
2096:
2978:
2195:
472:– Supreme Court ruling that the Government's acquisition of a weeks worth location from cell-site records is a Fourth Amendment search.
1544:
88:
2602:
632:
60:
2988:
2968:
2292:
402:
constituted an unlawful search. However, the Court upheld the conviction of Karo and his accomplices, stating that the warrant
2163:
2067:
67:
1828:
251:
The use of an electronic beeper device to monitor a can of ether without a warrant constituted unlawful search and seizure.
2808:
2759:
383:
137:
74:
2335:
880:
760:
107:
2051:
2035:
56:
2075:
1229:
418:
2463:
2179:
2104:
2059:
917:
2660:
2343:
1180:
792:
406:
contained enough information not derived from the unlawful use of the beeper to provide sufficient basis for
2257:
768:
625:
593:
206:
2187:
1845:
980:
680:
2490:
1960:
933:
704:
466:
2719:
1893:
1869:
1861:
1837:
1699:
1646:
1571:
1498:
1479:
1124:
1108:
688:
557:
2652:
2014:
1744:
1654:
1140:
1028:
81:
575:
2902:
2679:
2311:
2203:
2026:
1928:
1735:
1678:
1415:
1341:
1333:
1309:
1261:
1004:
956:
845:
837:
744:
720:
618:
513:
435:
34:
584:
2594:
2409:
2131:
2043:
1723:
1595:
1285:
1269:
1148:
1036:
909:
776:
728:
318:
274:
2778:
2644:
2482:
2139:
1968:
1792:
1768:
1662:
1444:
1071:
1020:
872:
853:
712:
696:
672:
550:
522:
497:
238:
222:
166:
566:
2894:
2691:
2635:
2428:
2222:
1853:
1776:
1715:
1638:
1407:
1201:
900:
828:
784:
610:
8:
2614:
2535:
2511:
2502:
2447:
2393:
2112:
1944:
1909:
1816:
1800:
1760:
1752:
1690:
1670:
1619:
1293:
1164:
1156:
800:
298:
2746:
2327:
2319:
2171:
2006:
1877:
1587:
1579:
1519:
1510:
1435:
1399:
1391:
1325:
1253:
1237:
1012:
525:
500:
391:
335:
White, joined by Burger, Blackmun, Powell, Rehnquist, O'Connor (parts Parts I, II, IV)
2929:
2623:
2578:
2351:
2241:
2087:
1784:
1611:
1172:
1132:
1063:
925:
430:
310:
306:
286:
2937:
2886:
2543:
2519:
2401:
2284:
1987:
1952:
1808:
1707:
1603:
1563:
1460:
1349:
1301:
1277:
1116:
1044:
988:
888:
808:
266:
169:
2816:
2770:
2727:
2700:
2527:
2455:
2276:
1901:
1885:
816:
343:
White, joined by Burger, Brennan, Marshall, Blackmun, Powell, Stevens (Part III)
2840:
1936:
1452:
1245:
1096:
964:
407:
294:
2962:
1370:
1221:
1200:
972:
399:
395:
2910:
602:
282:
1205:
214:
185:
394:. It held that use of an electronic beeper device to monitor a can of
429:
Karo's attorneys petitioned to have various portions of the evidence
403:
210:
23:
1209:
433:
because they were the "tainted fruit" of an unlawful search. In
423:
181:
132:
640:
203:
351:
O'Connor (in part and in judgment), joined by
Rehnquist
2984:
United States
Supreme Court cases of the Burger Court
1543:
462:
List of United States
Supreme Court cases, volume 468
1318:Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial District Court of Nevada
654:
2960:
2868:
2156:National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab
626:
2097:Michigan Department of State Police v. Sitz
2994:Drug Enforcement Administration litigation
2196:Safford Unified School District v. Redding
633:
619:
2148:Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives Ass'n
753:Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives Ass'n
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
2603:Silverthorne Lumber Co. v. United States
2974:United States Fourth Amendment case law
2293:Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders
1369:
442:
2961:
2586:
44:Please improve this article by adding
2867:
2566:
2374:
2215:Property of probationers and parolees
2164:Vernonia School District 47J v. Acton
2068:United States v. Montoya De Hernandez
1542:
1368:
1199:
1094:
653:
614:
120:1984 United States Supreme Court case
2421:Seizure of premises awaiting warrant
359:Stevens, joined by Brennan, Marshall
17:
13:
2809:Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents
1491:Warrants directed at third parties
1095:
553:705 (1984). is available from:
138:Supreme Court of the United States
14:
3005:
2979:United States Supreme Court cases
2336:County of Riverside v. McLaughlin
2124:Students, employees, and patients
1921:Breathalyzers, blood samples, DNA
1545:Exceptions to warrant requirement
881:Dow Chemical Co. v. United States
761:United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez
535:
2386:Distinguishing stops and arrests
2052:United States v. Martinez-Fuerte
2036:Almeida-Sanchez v. United States
131:
22:
2879:Unreasonable search and seizure
2076:United States v. Flores-Montano
1472:Neutral and detached magistrate
1230:United States v. Brignoni-Ponce
419:Drug Enforcement Administration
2989:1984 in United States case law
2969:United States privacy case law
2180:Ferguson v. City of Charleston
2105:City of Indianapolis v. Edmond
1424:Los Angeles County v. Rettelle
642:United States Fourth Amendment
506:
483:
1:
2475:Detention during vehicle stop
2344:Atwater v. City of Lago Vista
2269:Searches in jails and prisons
1181:District of Columbia v. Wesby
655:Scope of the Fourth Amendment
476:
413:
390:protection from unreasonable
382:, 468 U.S. 705 (1984), was a
156:United States v. Karo, et al.
46:secondary or tertiary sources
2869:Incorporation against States
2567:
2440:Detention incident to search
2375:
2258:City of Los Angeles v. Patel
7:
2188:Board of Education v. Earls
1846:United States v. Rabinowitz
1829:Searches incident to arrest
981:United States v. Mendenhall
468:Carpenter v. United States,
455:
384:United States Supreme Court
10:
3010:
2491:Rodriguez v. United States
2234:Administrative inspections
1961:Birchfield v. North Dakota
934:Carpenter v. United States
705:Silverman v. United States
603:Oyez (oral argument audio)
2921:
2878:
2874:
2863:
2827:
2800:
2793:
2757:
2738:
2720:Wong Sun v. United States
2711:
2690:
2671:
2634:
2613:
2577:
2573:
2562:
2501:
2474:
2439:
2420:
2385:
2381:
2370:
2303:
2268:
2250:Camara v. Municipal Court
2233:
2214:
2123:
2086:
2025:
1998:
1979:
1920:
1894:Thornton v. United States
1870:United States v. Chadwick
1862:United States v. Robinson
1838:Trupiano v. United States
1827:
1734:
1700:Coolidge v. New Hampshire
1689:
1647:Schneckloth v. Bustamonte
1630:
1572:United States v. Chadwick
1555:
1551:
1538:
1509:
1499:Zurcher v. Stanford Daily
1490:
1480:Coolidge v. New Hampshire
1471:
1434:
1378:
1364:
1216:
1195:
1125:Spinelli v. United States
1109:Brinegar v. United States
1103:
1090:
1056:Fourth Amendment standing
1055:
948:
899:
864:
827:
689:Olmstead v. United States
664:
660:
649:
368:
363:
355:
347:
339:
331:
326:
260:
255:
250:
245:
229:
198:
193:
161:
151:
144:
130:
125:
2653:Herring v. United States
2015:South Dakota v. Opperman
1745:Carroll v. United States
1655:United States v. Matlock
1384:Johnson v. United States
1206:Investigative detentions
1141:Ornelas v. United States
1029:United States v. Drayton
386:decision related to the
2903:Elkins v. United States
2680:Murray v. United States
2464:Bailey v. United States
2312:United States v. Watson
2204:City of Ontario v. Quon
2060:United States v. Ramsey
1929:Schmerber v. California
1679:Fernandez v. California
1416:United States v. Grubbs
1342:Heien v. North Carolina
1334:Navarette v. California
1310:United States v. Arvizu
1262:United States v. Cortez
1005:California v. Hodari D.
957:Counselman v. Hitchcock
918:United States v. Miller
846:Oliver v. United States
838:Hester v. United States
745:California v. Greenwood
721:United States v. Knotts
514:United States v. Knotts
436:United States v. Knotts
57:"United States v. Karo"
2661:Davis v. United States
2595:Weeks v. United States
2410:United States v. Place
2132:New Jersey v. T. L. O.
2044:United States v. Ortiz
1724:Minnesota v. Dickerson
1596:Brigham City v. Stuart
1286:Minnesota v. Dickerson
1270:United States v. Place
1149:Whren v. United States
1037:Brendlin v. California
910:United States v. White
793:United States v. Jones
777:Kyllo v. United States
729:United States v. Place
275:William J. Brennan Jr.
33:relies excessively on
2779:Kimmelman v. Morrison
2645:United States v. Leon
2615:Impeachment exception
2483:Pennsylvania v. Mimms
1969:Mitchell v. Wisconsin
1793:California v. Acevedo
1769:United States v. Ross
1663:Illinois v. Rodriguez
1556:Exigent circumstances
1445:Boyd v. United States
1072:Byrd v. United States
1021:Soldal v. Cook County
949:Definition of seizure
873:California v. Ciraolo
854:United States v. Dunn
769:Bond v. United States
737:United States v. Karo
713:Katz v. United States
697:Abel v. United States
673:Boyd v. United States
543:United States v. Karo
490:United States v. Karo
379:United States v. Karo
370:U.S. Const. amend. IV
188:148; 52 U.S.L.W. 5102
145:Argued April 25, 1984
126:United States v. Karo
2922:Warrant requirements
2895:Rochin v. California
2692:Inevitable discovery
2636:Good-faith exception
2429:Illinois v. McArthur
2223:Samson v. California
1854:Chimel v. California
1777:California v. Carney
1716:Horton v. California
1639:Stoner v. California
1408:Maryland v. Garrison
1202:Reasonable suspicion
901:Third-party doctrine
829:Open-fields doctrine
785:Illinois v. Caballes
681:United States v. Lee
665:Definition of search
470:585 U.S. ____ (2018)
443:Opinion of the Court
180:104 S. Ct. 3296; 82
147:Decided July 3, 1984
2536:Plumhoff v. Rickard
2512:Tennessee v. Garner
2448:Michigan v. Summers
2394:Dunaway v. New York
2304:Warrantless arrests
2113:Illinois v. Lidster
1945:Missouri v. McNeely
1910:Riley v. California
1817:Collins v. Virginia
1801:Wyoming v. Houghton
1761:Arkansas v. Sanders
1753:Chambers v. Maroney
1671:Georgia v. Randolph
1620:Lange v. California
1294:Illinois v. Wardlow
1165:Devenpeck v. Alford
1157:Maryland v. Pringle
865:Aerial surveillance
801:Florida v. Jardines
594:Library of Congress
319:Sandra Day O'Connor
299:Lewis F. Powell Jr.
2747:Hudson v. Michigan
2672:Independent source
2328:Welsh v. Wisconsin
2320:Payton v. New York
2172:Chandler v. Miller
2140:O'Connor v. Ortega
2007:Cady v. Dombrowski
1999:Inventory searches
1878:New York v. Belton
1588:Welsh v. Wisconsin
1580:Payton v. New York
1520:Wilson v. Arkansas
1511:Knock-and-announce
1436:Mere evidence rule
1400:Ybarra v. Illinois
1392:Franks v. Delaware
1326:Arizona v. Johnson
1254:Ybarra v. Illinois
1238:Delaware v. Prouse
1013:Florida v. Bostick
392:search and seizure
271:Associate Justices
233:Rehearing denied,
2956:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2947:
2930:Ker v. California
2859:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2789:
2788:
2739:No-knock searches
2624:James v. Illinois
2579:Exclusionary rule
2558:
2557:
2554:
2553:
2366:
2365:
2362:
2361:
2352:Virginia v. Moore
2242:Frank v. Maryland
1980:Protective sweeps
1785:Florida v. Jimeno
1612:Caniglia v. Strom
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1360:
1359:
1191:
1190:
1173:Florida v. Harris
1133:Illinois v. Gates
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1064:Rakas v. Illinois
944:
943:
926:Smith v. Maryland
375:
374:
307:William Rehnquist
287:Thurgood Marshall
118:
117:
110:
92:
3001:
2938:Aguilar v. Texas
2887:Wolf v. Colorado
2876:
2875:
2865:
2864:
2835:42 U.S.C. § 1983
2798:
2797:
2584:
2583:
2575:
2574:
2564:
2563:
2544:Mullenix v. Luna
2520:Graham v. Connor
2402:Florida v. Royer
2383:
2382:
2372:
2371:
2285:Hudson v. Palmer
1988:Maryland v. Buie
1953:Maryland v. King
1809:Florida v. White
1736:Vehicle searches
1708:Arizona v. Hicks
1631:Consent searches
1604:Kentucky v. King
1564:Warden v. Hayden
1553:
1552:
1540:
1539:
1461:Warden v. Hayden
1432:
1431:
1366:
1365:
1350:Kansas v. Glover
1302:Florida v. J. L.
1278:Michigan v. Long
1197:
1196:
1117:Aguilar v. Texas
1092:
1091:
1045:Torres v. Madrid
989:Florida v. Royer
889:Florida v. Riley
825:
824:
809:Klayman v. Obama
662:
661:
651:
650:
635:
628:
621:
612:
611:
607:
601:
598:
592:
589:
583:
580:
574:
571:
565:
562:
556:
529:
510:
504:
487:
388:Fourth Amendment
267:Warren E. Burger
256:Court membership
225:1068 (1984).
135:
134:
123:
122:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3003:
3002:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2944:
2917:
2870:
2847:
2823:
2817:Egbert v. Boule
2785:
2771:Stone v. Powell
2753:
2734:
2728:Utah v. Strieff
2707:
2701:Nix v. Williams
2686:
2667:
2630:
2609:
2569:
2550:
2528:Scott v. Harris
2503:Excessive force
2497:
2470:
2456:Muehler v. Mena
2435:
2416:
2377:
2358:
2299:
2277:Bell v. Wolfish
2264:
2229:
2210:
2119:
2082:
2027:Border searches
2021:
1994:
1975:
1916:
1902:Arizona v. Gant
1886:Knowles v. Iowa
1823:
1730:
1685:
1626:
1547:
1526:
1505:
1486:
1467:
1430:
1374:
1356:
1212:
1187:
1099:
1078:
1051:
940:
895:
860:
823:
817:ACLU v. Clapper
656:
645:
639:
605:
599:
596:
590:
587:
581:
578:
572:
569:
563:
560:
554:
538:
533:
532:
511:
507:
488:
484:
479:
458:
445:
416:
311:John P. Stevens
309:
297:
285:
241:1250 (1984)
189:
146:
140:
121:
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
43:
39:primary sources
27:
12:
11:
5:
3007:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2954:
2953:
2950:
2949:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2934:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2891:
2882:
2880:
2872:
2871:
2861:
2860:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2841:Monroe v. Pape
2837:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2813:
2804:
2802:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2775:
2766:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2742:
2740:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2724:
2715:
2713:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2657:
2649:
2640:
2638:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2619:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2599:
2590:
2588:
2581:
2571:
2570:
2560:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2516:
2507:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2487:
2478:
2476:
2472:
2471:
2469:
2468:
2460:
2452:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2414:
2406:
2398:
2389:
2387:
2379:
2378:
2368:
2367:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2356:
2348:
2340:
2332:
2324:
2316:
2307:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2289:
2281:
2272:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2200:
2192:
2184:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2144:
2136:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2109:
2101:
2092:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2072:
2064:
2056:
2048:
2040:
2031:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2011:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1965:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1937:Cupp v. Murphy
1933:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1906:
1898:
1890:
1882:
1874:
1866:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1833:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1821:
1813:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1773:
1765:
1757:
1749:
1740:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1729:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1695:
1693:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1675:
1667:
1659:
1651:
1643:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1616:
1608:
1600:
1592:
1584:
1576:
1568:
1559:
1557:
1549:
1548:
1536:
1535:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1525:
1524:
1515:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1494:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1484:
1475:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1457:
1453:Hale v. Henkel
1449:
1440:
1438:
1429:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1404:
1396:
1388:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1362:
1361:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1346:
1338:
1330:
1322:
1314:
1306:
1298:
1290:
1282:
1274:
1266:
1258:
1250:
1246:Brown v. Texas
1242:
1234:
1226:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1177:
1169:
1161:
1153:
1145:
1137:
1129:
1121:
1113:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1097:Probable cause
1088:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1077:
1076:
1068:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1041:
1033:
1025:
1017:
1009:
1001:
997:INS v. Delgado
993:
985:
977:
969:
965:Hale v. Henkel
961:
952:
950:
946:
945:
942:
941:
939:
938:
930:
922:
914:
905:
903:
897:
896:
894:
893:
885:
877:
868:
866:
862:
861:
859:
858:
850:
842:
833:
831:
822:
821:
813:
805:
797:
789:
781:
773:
765:
757:
749:
741:
733:
725:
717:
709:
701:
693:
685:
677:
668:
666:
658:
657:
647:
646:
638:
637:
630:
623:
615:
609:
608:
576:Google Scholar
537:
536:External links
534:
531:
530:
505:
481:
480:
478:
475:
474:
473:
464:
457:
454:
444:
441:
415:
412:
408:probable cause
373:
372:
366:
365:
361:
360:
357:
356:Concur/dissent
353:
352:
349:
345:
344:
341:
337:
336:
333:
329:
328:
324:
323:
322:
321:
295:Harry Blackmun
272:
269:
264:
258:
257:
253:
252:
248:
247:
243:
242:
231:
227:
226:
200:
196:
195:
191:
190:
179:
163:
159:
158:
153:
152:Full case name
149:
148:
142:
141:
136:
128:
127:
119:
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3006:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2920:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2866:
2862:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2836:
2833:
2832:
2830:
2826:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2796:
2792:
2781:
2780:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2760:Habeas corpus
2756:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2565:
2561:
2546:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2508:
2506:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2466:
2465:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2419:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2404:
2403:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2369:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2317:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2225:
2224:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2158:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2085:
2078:
2077:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2004:
2003:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1668:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1522:
1521:
1517:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1508:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1493:
1489:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1470:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1433:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1335:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1251:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1222:Terry v. Ohio
1219:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1194:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1089:
1074:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1007:
1006:
1002:
999:
998:
994:
991:
990:
986:
983:
982:
978:
975:
974:
973:Terry v. Ohio
970:
967:
966:
962:
959:
958:
954:
953:
951:
947:
936:
935:
931:
928:
927:
923:
920:
919:
915:
912:
911:
907:
906:
904:
902:
898:
891:
890:
886:
883:
882:
878:
875:
874:
870:
869:
867:
863:
856:
855:
851:
848:
847:
843:
840:
839:
835:
834:
832:
830:
826:
820:(D.D.C. 2013)
819:
818:
814:
812:(D.D.C. 2013)
811:
810:
806:
803:
802:
798:
795:
794:
790:
787:
786:
782:
779:
778:
774:
771:
770:
766:
763:
762:
758:
755:
754:
750:
747:
746:
742:
739:
738:
734:
731:
730:
726:
723:
722:
718:
715:
714:
710:
707:
706:
702:
699:
698:
694:
691:
690:
686:
683:
682:
678:
675:
674:
670:
669:
667:
663:
659:
652:
648:
643:
636:
631:
629:
624:
622:
617:
616:
613:
604:
595:
586:
577:
568:
559:
558:CourtListener
552:
548:
544:
540:
539:
527:
524:
520:
516:
515:
509:
502:
499:
495:
491:
486:
482:
471:
469:
465:
463:
460:
459:
453:
449:
440:
438:
437:
432:
427:
425:
420:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
380:
371:
367:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
327:Case opinions
325:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:Chief Justice
262:
261:
259:
254:
249:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
205:
201:
197:
192:
187:
184:2d 530; 1984
183:
177:
176:
171:
168:
164:
160:
157:
154:
150:
143:
139:
129:
124:
112:
109:
101:
98:December 2019
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
66:
62:
59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
41:
40:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
2936:
2928:
2911:Mapp v. Ohio
2909:
2901:
2893:
2885:
2839:
2815:
2807:
2777:
2769:
2758:
2745:
2726:
2718:
2699:
2678:
2659:
2651:
2643:
2622:
2601:
2593:
2542:
2534:
2526:
2518:
2510:
2489:
2481:
2462:
2454:
2446:
2427:
2408:
2400:
2392:
2350:
2342:
2334:
2326:
2318:
2310:
2291:
2283:
2275:
2256:
2248:
2240:
2221:
2202:
2194:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2138:
2130:
2111:
2103:
2095:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2042:
2034:
2013:
2005:
1986:
1967:
1959:
1951:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1908:
1900:
1892:
1884:
1876:
1868:
1860:
1852:
1844:
1836:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1751:
1743:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1677:
1669:
1661:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1618:
1610:
1602:
1594:
1586:
1578:
1570:
1562:
1518:
1497:
1478:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1382:
1348:
1340:
1332:
1324:
1316:
1308:
1300:
1292:
1284:
1276:
1268:
1260:
1252:
1244:
1236:
1228:
1220:
1179:
1171:
1163:
1155:
1147:
1139:
1131:
1123:
1115:
1107:
1070:
1062:
1043:
1035:
1027:
1019:
1011:
1003:
995:
987:
979:
971:
963:
955:
932:
924:
916:
908:
887:
879:
871:
852:
844:
836:
815:
807:
799:
791:
783:
775:
767:
759:
751:
743:
736:
735:
727:
719:
711:
703:
695:
687:
679:
671:
542:
528: (1983).
512:
508:
503: (1984).
489:
485:
467:
450:
446:
434:
428:
417:
378:
377:
376:
364:Laws applied
314:
302:
290:
278:
194:Case history
173:
155:
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
32:
15:
2712:Attenuation
2088:Checkpoints
1373:requirement
348:Concurrence
283:Byron White
217:. granted,
2963:Categories
2794:Civil suit
1691:Plain view
477:References
431:suppressed
414:Background
398:without a
230:Subsequent
186:U.S. LEXIS
68:newspapers
35:references
404:affidavit
211:10th Cir.
162:Citations
2568:Remedies
2376:Seizures
644:case law
541:Text of
456:See also
340:Majority
332:Majority
2801:Federal
2587:Origins
1371:Warrant
567:Findlaw
424:cocaine
400:warrant
246:Holding
213:1983);
82:scholar
2941:(1964)
2933:(1963)
2914:(1961)
2906:(1960)
2898:(1952)
2890:(1949)
2844:(1961)
2820:(2022)
2812:(1971)
2782:(1986)
2774:(1976)
2763:review
2750:(2006)
2731:(2016)
2723:(1963)
2704:(1984)
2683:(1988)
2664:(2011)
2656:(2009)
2648:(1984)
2627:(1990)
2606:(1920)
2598:(1914)
2547:(2015)
2539:(2014)
2531:(2007)
2523:(1989)
2515:(1985)
2494:(2015)
2486:(1977)
2467:(2013)
2459:(2005)
2451:(1981)
2432:(2001)
2413:(1983)
2405:(1983)
2397:(1979)
2355:(2008)
2347:(2001)
2339:(1991)
2331:(1983)
2323:(1980)
2315:(1976)
2296:(2012)
2288:(1984)
2280:(1979)
2261:(2015)
2253:(1967)
2245:(1959)
2226:(2006)
2207:(2010)
2199:(2009)
2191:(2002)
2183:(2001)
2175:(1997)
2167:(1995)
2159:(1989)
2151:(1989)
2143:(1987)
2135:(1985)
2116:(2004)
2108:(2000)
2100:(1990)
2079:(2004)
2071:(1985)
2063:(1977)
2055:(1976)
2047:(1975)
2039:(1973)
2018:(1976)
2010:(1973)
1991:(1990)
1972:(2019)
1964:(2016)
1956:(2013)
1948:(2013)
1940:(1973)
1932:(1966)
1913:(2014)
1905:(2009)
1897:(2004)
1889:(1998)
1881:(1981)
1873:(1977)
1865:(1973)
1857:(1969)
1849:(1950)
1841:(1948)
1820:(2018)
1812:(1999)
1804:(1999)
1796:(1991)
1788:(1991)
1780:(1985)
1772:(1982)
1764:(1979)
1756:(1970)
1748:(1925)
1727:(1993)
1719:(1990)
1711:(1987)
1703:(1971)
1682:(2014)
1674:(2006)
1666:(1990)
1658:(1974)
1650:(1973)
1642:(1968)
1623:(2021)
1615:(2021)
1607:(2011)
1599:(2006)
1591:(1986)
1583:(1980)
1575:(1977)
1567:(1967)
1523:(1995)
1502:(1978)
1483:(1971)
1464:(1967)
1456:(1906)
1448:(1886)
1427:(2006)
1419:(2006)
1411:(1987)
1403:(1979)
1395:(1978)
1387:(1948)
1353:(2020)
1345:(2014)
1337:(2014)
1329:(2009)
1321:(2004)
1313:(2002)
1305:(2000)
1297:(2000)
1289:(1996)
1281:(1983)
1273:(1983)
1265:(1981)
1257:(1979)
1249:(1979)
1241:(1979)
1233:(1975)
1225:(1968)
1210:frisks
1184:(2018)
1176:(2013)
1168:(2004)
1160:(2003)
1152:(1996)
1144:(1996)
1136:(1983)
1128:(1969)
1120:(1964)
1112:(1949)
1075:(2018)
1067:(1978)
1048:(2021)
1040:(2007)
1032:(2002)
1024:(1992)
1016:(1991)
1008:(1991)
1000:(1984)
992:(1983)
984:(1980)
976:(1968)
968:(1906)
960:(1892)
937:(2018)
929:(1979)
921:(1976)
913:(1971)
892:(1989)
884:(1986)
876:(1986)
857:(1987)
849:(1984)
841:(1924)
804:(2013)
796:(2012)
788:(2005)
780:(2001)
772:(2000)
764:(1990)
756:(1989)
748:(1988)
740:(1984)
732:(1983)
724:(1983)
716:(1967)
708:(1961)
700:(1960)
692:(1928)
684:(1927)
676:(1886)
606:
600:
597:
591:
588:
585:Justia
582:
579:
573:
570:
564:
561:
555:
545:,
517:,
492:,
317:
315:·
313:
305:
303:·
301:
293:
291:·
289:
281:
279:·
277:
182:L. Ed.
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
2828:State
549:
521:
496:
396:ether
237:
221:
199:Prior
89:JSTOR
75:books
1208:and
551:U.S.
523:U.S.
498:U.S.
239:U.S.
223:U.S.
215:cert
207:1433
204:F.2d
202:710
175:more
167:U.S.
165:468
61:news
547:468
526:276
519:460
501:705
494:468
235:468
219:464
170:705
37:to
2965::
1204::
410:.
48:.
634:e
627:t
620:v
209:(
178:)
172:(
111:)
105:(
100:)
96:(
86:·
79:·
72:·
65:·
42:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
