156:, a self-regulatory ratings code that was initially adopted by nearly all comic publishers and continued to be used by some comics until 2011. In the immediate aftermath of the hearings, several publishers were forced to revamp their schedules and drastically censor or even cancel many popular long-standing comic series.
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Gaines: "Yes sir, I do — for the cover of a horror comic. A cover in bad taste, for example, might be defined as holding her head a little higher so that blood could be seen dripping from it and moving the body a little further over so that the neck of the body could be seen to be bloody."
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Juvenile
Delinquency (Obscene and Pornographic Materials): hearings before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee To Investigate Juvenile Delinquency Pursuant to Senate Resolution 62, Investigation of Juvenile Delinquency in the United
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Juvenile
Delinquency (Comic Books) hearings before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, Subcommittee To Investigate Juvenile Delinquency in the U.S., Eighty-Third Congress, second session, on Apr. 21, 22, June 4,
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Sen. Kefauver: "Here is your May issue. This seems to be a man with a bloody ax holding a woman's head up which has been severed from her body. Do you think that's in good taste?"
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Chief
Counsel Herbert Beaser asked: "Then you think a child cannot in any way, shape, or manner, be hurt by anything that the child reads or sees?"
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The public hearings took place on April 21, 22, and June 4, 1954, in New York. They focused on particularly graphic "crime and horror"
109:#22 ), which showed a dismembered woman's head on its cover. The exchange between Gaines and Kefauver led to a front-page story in
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149:'s first draft included those very elements that Gaines had said were in "bad taste" and had him clean it up before publication.
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Comic Books and
Juvenile Delinquency Interim Report of the Committee on the judiciary pursuant to S. Res. 89 and S. Res. 190
55:. Its initial budget was $ 44,000. The first members of the subcommittee consisted of Senator Hendrickson, and Senators
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contended that he sold only comic books of good taste, Kefauver entered into evidence one of Gaines' comics (
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Because of the unfavorable press coverage resulting from the hearings, the comic book industry adopted the
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What none of the senators knew was that Gaines had already cleaned up the cover of this issue. Artist
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1955 hearings transcripts: U.S. Congress, Senate, Subcommittee on
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Beaser: "There would be no limit, actually, to what you'd put in the magazines?"
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of the day, and their potential impact on juvenile delinquency. When publisher
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Seal of
Approval: The Origins and History of the Comics Code, Volume 1
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Kefauver (doubtful): "You've got blood coming out of her mouth."
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U.S. Senate subcommittee to investigate juvenile delinquency
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236:. University Press of Mississippi. pp. 61–63.
359:Defunct subcommittees of the United States Senate
122:William Gaines responded: "I do not believe so."
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289:Seal of Approval: The History of the Comics Code
274:Fredric Wertham and the Critique of Mass Culture
128:Gaines: "Only within the bounds of good taste."
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41:United States Senate Judiciary Committee
341:, May 24, 26, 31, June 9 and 18, 1955,
213:"No Harm in Horror, Comics Issuer Says"
43:and was created by a motion of Senator
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27:in 1953 to investigate the problem of
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325:1954 Senate Subcommittee Transcripts
192:"Senators to Hold Teen Age Hearings"
291:, University Press of Mississippi,
276:. University Press of Mississippi,
39:The subcommittee was a unit of the
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200:. Sep 19, 1953. p. 16.
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287:Nyberg, Ami Kiste (1998).
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167:Seduction of the Innocent
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91:1954 comic book hearings
69:Thomas C. Hennings, Jr.
23:was established by the
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154:Comics Code Authority
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272:Beaty, Bart (2005).
29:juvenile delinquency
25:United States Senate
141:Gaines: "A little."
115:the following day.
106:Crime SuspenStories
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197:The New York Times
112:The New York Times
45:Robert Hendrickson
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249:9 November
53:New Jersey
49:Republican
35:Background
65:Tennessee
353:Category
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160:See also
85:Kefauver
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61:Democrat
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178:Notes
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