375:
1360:
264:
695:
597:
From the very moment of its creation, the PUNT acquired great social significance. The party membership card was required for everything: academic fees, work contracts, etc. It was also mandatory to wear the official PUNT uniform, with an effigy of
President MacĂas placed at the height of the heart,
566:
The youth wing of the party, called "Youth in March with MacĂas" (formerly known as "Popular
Revolutionary Militia") played an important role, both propagandist and repressive one. The party also had a women's wing, called "Feminine Section", based on the
494:
The PUN was formed in
January 1970, after MacĂas issued a decree suppressing all existing political parties in the country. Previously, in December 1968, MacĂas had already announced that there would soon be a single party to "unify ideas".
392:
526:
36:
510:. The other structures of the PUNT consisted of base, district and provincial committees. In 1977, the Central Committee was disbanded and MacĂas assumed absolute power in the PUNT. The Permanent
877:
602:, and could be requested by the authorities at any time and place. In addition, the party had the power to make decisions in legal matters, such as judging, condemning and absolving.
1323:
1039:
536:(ANRD), it was GarcĂa-Trevijano who suggested MacĂas to add "the Workers" to the name of the party in 1971. Other authors posit that MacĂas was inspired to make this change by
1345:
521:
The PUNT's role as the only legal party was enshrined in the 1973 Constitution. The statutes of the PUNT were elaborated, according to what is said, by an advisor of MacĂas,
606:"I, Guinean Militant of the PUNT, swear by God and on my honor to fight, until death if necessary, for the territorial integrity of Equatorial Guinea, against colonialism,
399:
515:
531:
1517:
506:. The Central Committee consisted of MacĂas as president, his ministers, civil governors of the provinces, government delegates and high-ranking officers of the
1502:
1391:
1522:
1427:
1412:
1338:
1532:
1497:
332:
844:
1353:
1542:
810:
1537:
1417:
1354:
432:
337:
327:
239:
1331:
1507:
734:
628:
556:
362:
1139:
Una singular "educaciĂłn cĂvica" para Guinea
Ecuatorial: las sentencias doctrinales de la dictadura de Francisco MacĂas Nguema (1968â1979)
385:
624:
According to
Article 4 of the Statute of the PUNT, all citizens of Equatorial Guinea became members of the PUNT from the age of seven.
1035:
1133:
848:
632:
518:(simultaneously the Minister of Popular Education, Art and Traditional Culture), until his fall from grace and execution in 1976.
367:
1547:
1204:
1178:
541:
1061:
1527:
1375:
1241:
476:
301:
1009:
1471:
1432:
1422:
1396:
1295:
777:
1512:
1448:
1305:
1268:
1109:
787:
545:
507:
464:
374:
134:
583:, the women's wing had the function of organizing events and activities, and the women who belonged it had to be
560:
1258:
244:
1476:
636:
234:
175:
951:
522:
549:
342:
739:
675:
598:
to show fidelity and love to the dictator. The party membership card was as important as the personal
460:
448:
279:
94:
56:
357:
1233:
Silenced
Resistance: Women, Dictatorships, and Genderwashing in Western Sahara and Equatorial Guinea
352:
591:
35:
1231:
1165:
987:
184:
988:"CronologĂa de Guinea Ecuatorial: 1950 / 1979 De la independencia al juicio contra MacĂas"
8:
426:
1260:
Conflictos etnicos y gobernabilidad / Ethnic conflicts and governance: Guinea
Ecuatorial
580:
568:
1131:
499:
1359:
1301:
1264:
1237:
1105:
930:
885:
783:
599:
587:
for the authorities about the political activity of their families. The
President of
572:
511:
503:
472:
436:
81:
1099:
922:
484:
417:
180:
1466:
926:
576:
440:
192:
165:
910:
607:
537:
347:
263:
188:
1491:
934:
889:
479:). The party was officially founded on 7 July 1970 on the structure of the
444:
51:
611:
196:
148:
1208:
1182:
155:
956:
584:
76:
1137:
563:, and MacĂas was reelected unopposed in the presidential election.
588:
144:
878:"Equatorial Guinea's President Said to Be Retired, Not Ousted"
1297:
Entre Estética Y Compromiso. la Obra de Donato Ndongo-bidyogo
811:"A Tiny Tyranny in Equatorial Guinea Sustained by Oil Riches"
779:
Entre Estética Y Compromiso. la Obra de Donato Ndongo-bidyogo
614:, technological colonialism, separatism, misery and coups..."
594:
sent two advisers to the country to help organize this body.
491:, PUN), existing from January to February of that same year.
468:
224:
210:
16:
Ruling political party of
Equatorial Guinea from 1970 to 1979
217:
1036:"Francisco Macias Nguema, el espejo de Teodoro Obiang"
1010:"Guinea Ecuatorial: Tristes 49 años de Independencia"
1256:
431:'Sole National Workers' Party', PUNT) was a
1413:
Movement for the Self-Determination of Bioko Island
856:Universidad Federal de IntegraciĂłn Latinoamericana
548:, or was potentially inspired by the name of the
1489:
1062:"Guinea Ecuatorial: el olvido español en Ăfrica"
706:
1518:African and Black nationalist parties in Africa
1236:. University of Wisconsin Pres. pp. 194â.
1418:National Democratic Union of Equatorial Guinea
849:"FRANCISCO MACĂAS: NUEVO ESTADO, NUEVO RITUAL"
1339:
1289:
1287:
775:
443:in the country from 1970 to 1979, during the
393:
1229:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1033:
1012:(in Spanish). Radio Macuto. 27 December 2017
527:National Alliance for Democratic Restoration
1503:1979 disestablishments in Equatorial Guinea
1523:Pan-Africanist political parties in Africa
1346:
1332:
1284:
985:
839:
837:
835:
833:
831:
422:Partido Ănico Nacional de los Trabajadores
400:
386:
27:Partido Ănico Nacional de los Trabajadores
1223:
1166:Guinea Ecuatorial: de colonia a sultanato
1154:
1134:National University of Distance Education
911:"Politics and power in Equatorial Guinea"
647:
1533:Political parties disestablished in 1979
1498:1970 establishments in Equatorial Guinea
1257:Muakuku Rondo Igambo, Fernanado (2006).
1250:
981:
979:
977:
975:
946:
944:
502:of the PUNT, whose highest body was the
467:(IPGE) and, since the independence from
1293:
1097:
908:
828:
769:
559:, the PUNT won all of the seats in the
1543:Political parties in Equatorial Guinea
1490:
1355:Political parties in Equatorial Guinea
1093:
1091:
1089:
1087:
1085:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1538:Political parties established in 1970
1376:Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea
1327:
972:
941:
875:
843:
1171:
1125:
1042:from the original on 14 October 2016
1029:
1027:
642:
1508:African socialist political parties
1433:Progress Party of Equatorial Guinea
1423:Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea
1076:
353:"There is no other God than MacĂas"
348:Africanization of Equatorial Guinea
13:
1397:Popular Union of Equatorial Guinea
14:
1559:
1449:Popular Idea of Equatorial Guinea
1179:"Millones y corrupciĂłn a "go-go""
1024:
465:Popular Idea of Equatorial Guinea
135:Popular Idea of Equatorial Guinea
1392:Convergence for Social Democracy
1358:
952:"SĂłlo es legal el partido Ășnico"
693:
459:The PUNT was created and led by
373:
262:
34:
1428:Progressive Democratic Alliance
1294:Otabela, Joseph-Désiré (2009).
1263:. Editorial Cumio. p. 80.
1197:
1054:
1034:Vicente Orts (4 October 2014).
1548:Socialism in Equatorial Guinea
1454:United National Workers' Party
1300:(in Spanish). Editorial UNED.
1064:(in Spanish). 16 November 2013
1002:
902:
869:
803:
546:People's Republic of the Congo
414:United National Workers' Party
333:1973 constitutional referendum
328:1968 constitutional referendum
309:President of Equatorial Guinea
24:United National Workers' Party
1:
1477:Politics of Equatorial Guinea
960:(in Spanish). 20 October 1976
763:
707:Chamber of Deputies elections
637:Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo
235:Politics of Equatorial Guinea
26:
1528:Parties of one-party systems
1168:, Paula GarcĂa Ascanio, 2010
1104:. Lulu Press, Incorporated.
627:The party was banned by the
7:
1205:"Guinea: TirĂłn de la manta"
557:1973 parliamentary election
498:MacĂas assumed the post of
338:1973 parliamentary election
10:
1564:
1132:NegrĂn-Fajardo, Olegario;
454:
160:Youth in March with MacĂas
68:Buenaventura Ochaga Ngomo
1472:List of political parties
1462:
1441:
1405:
1384:
1368:
1101:Macias, Verdugo O Victima
876:Burns, Tom (1979-08-07).
516:Buenaventura Ochaga Ngomo
230:
203:
174:
164:
154:
140:
130:
119:August 25, 1979
115:
100:
90:
75:
62:
50:
42:
33:
21:
1513:Banned socialist parties
629:Supreme Military Council
523:Antonio GarcĂa-Trevijano
271:This article is part of
909:Baynham, Simon (1986).
740:Francisco MacĂas Nguema
676:Francisco MacĂas Nguema
619:Party card of the PUNT.
550:Workers' Party of Korea
463:, former leader of the
461:Francisco MacĂas Nguema
449:Francisco MacĂas Nguema
281:Francisco MacĂas Nguema
95:Francisco MacĂas Nguema
57:Francisco MacĂas Nguema
776:Joseph-Désiré (2009).
648:Presidential elections
622:
489:Partido Ănico Nacional
488:
421:
104:July 7, 1970
1230:Joanna Allan (2019).
927:10520/AJA02562804_761
604:
481:United National Party
477:1968 general election
1136:(20 February 2017).
937:– via Sabinet.
639:, nephew of MacĂas.
441:only political party
185:Anti-intellectualism
525:. According to the
368:1979 coup and death
1406:Illegal opposition
782:. Editorial UNED.
500:president for life
475:(confirmed by the
1485:
1484:
1243:978-0-299-31840-6
1211:. 30 October 1976
1185:. 30 October 1976
761:
760:
757:Sole legal party
704:
703:
643:Electoral history
600:identity document
592:Ahmed Sékou Touré
573:FET y de las JONS
512:Secretary-General
504:Central Committee
473:Equatorial Guinea
437:Equatorial Guinea
430:
410:
409:
318:
289:
288:
253:
252:
240:Political parties
82:Central Committee
64:Secretary-General
1555:
1385:Legal opposition
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1348:
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1098:AgustĂn (2006).
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986:Xavier Lacosta.
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658:Party candidate
652:
651:
633:1979 coup d'Ă©tat
620:
581:Marina Alene MbĂĄ
569:SecciĂłn Femenina
535:
514:of the PUNT was
425:
402:
395:
388:
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363:Dachau of Africa
312:
285:
284:
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181:Anti-colonialism
170:Feminine Section
131:Preceded by
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71:
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19:
18:
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1467:Portal:Politics
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882:Washington Post
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577:Francoist Spain
529:
471:, President of
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433:political party
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193:Totalitarianism
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29:
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25:
17:
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1207:(in Spanish).
1196:
1181:(in Spanish).
1170:
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1110:
1075:
1053:
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1001:
971:
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915:Africa Insight
901:
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631:following the
616:
608:neocolonialism
538:Marien Ngouabi
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273:a series about
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189:Pan-Africanism
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1307:9788436258257
1303:
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1270:9788496357389
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1111:9781411683242
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905:
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857:
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845:NerĂn, Gustav
840:
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832:
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789:9788436258257
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719:
717:Party leader
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439:. It was the
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343:Bubi Genocide
341:
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302:1968 election
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49:
45:
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37:
32:
20:
1453:
1369:Ruling party
1311:. Retrieved
1296:
1274:. Retrieved
1259:
1252:
1232:
1225:
1213:. Retrieved
1199:
1187:. Retrieved
1173:
1144:. Retrieved
1142:(in Spanish)
1138:
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1100:
1066:. Retrieved
1056:
1044:. Retrieved
1014:. Retrieved
1004:
992:. Retrieved
990:(in Spanish)
962:. Retrieved
955:
921:(1): 28â32.
918:
914:
904:
893:. Retrieved
881:
871:
859:. Retrieved
855:
819:. Retrieved
817:. 2019-06-13
814:
805:
793:. Retrieved
778:
771:
690:
685:
680:
626:
623:
605:
596:
579:. Set up by
565:
554:
520:
508:Armed Forces
497:
493:
480:
458:
445:dictatorship
413:
411:
321:
320:
314:
308:
307:
296:
166:Women's wing
141:Headquarters
43:Abbreviation
861:22 February
612:imperialism
561:legislature
530: [
149:Bioko Norte
85:(1970â1977)
70:(1970â1976)
1492:Categories
1313:4 November
1276:4 November
1215:4 November
1209:Diario ABC
1189:4 November
1183:Diario ABC
1146:4 November
1068:4 November
1046:4 November
1016:4 November
994:4 November
964:4 November
895:2023-06-08
821:2023-06-08
764:References
585:informants
322:Government
156:Youth wing
123:1979-08-25
108:1970-07-07
935:0256-2804
890:0190-8286
815:Bloomberg
726:Position
714:Election
655:Election
635:, led by
542:President
315:1968â1979
245:Elections
199:interests
77:Presidium
1040:Archived
847:(2016).
795:23 March
617:â
176:Ideology
1442:Defunct
1117:25 July
957:El PaĂs
746:60 / 60
729:Result
691:Elected
686:Unknown
681:Unknown
667:Result
571:of the
555:In the
544:of the
540:, then-
485:Spanish
455:History
429:
418:Spanish
121: (
106: (
101:Founded
91:Founder
1304:
1267:
1240:
1108:
933:
888:
786:
720:Seats
661:Votes
589:Guinea
358:ekwele
222:
215:
208:
204:Colors
145:Malabo
116:Banned
52:Leader
852:(PDF)
672:1973
534:]
469:Spain
225:Ochre
211:Green
1315:2018
1302:ISBN
1278:2018
1265:ISBN
1238:ISBN
1217:2018
1191:2018
1148:2018
1119:2017
1106:ISBN
1070:2018
1048:2018
1018:2018
996:2018
966:2018
931:ISSN
886:ISSN
863:2017
797:2017
784:ISBN
754:New
751:New
735:1973
723:+/â
427:lit.
412:The
297:PUNT
220:and
218:Gray
197:Fang
46:PUNT
923:hdl
575:in
447:of
435:in
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