599:(NYC Parks) announced an $ 80 million rehabilitation of the park. The renovation had been planned since the early 1980s but had been deferred due to a lack of funding. By this time, the city was shutting off the Unisphere's fountains during festivals to prevent people from wading into them. The restoration called for new mechanical systems, lighting, retaining walls, benches, paving, and trees to be installed in Unisphere Plaza at a cost of between $ 5.7 and $ 5.9 million. A second phase would landscape the surrounding grounds for $ 40 million. In 1989, a NYC Parks official observed that landmasses of countries like India and Vietnam would be lifted from their mountings on particularly windy days.
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longitude. Clarke asked another architect working under his office, William S. Boice, to sketch the structure. Since the method of the sculpture's revolution had not yet been determined, Boice drew fountains to conceal the base. The
Unisphere was conceptually designed in aluminum with metallic mesh continents. The globe would be tilted 23.5 degrees and would measure 160 feet (49 m) across. Capital cities would be represented on the globe by three sizes of lights, with larger lights for capitals deemed more important. Clarke showed the plan to Moses, who approved of it.
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such, a stress transfer pattern was developed, and the meridians and parallels were varied in dimension, thereby making the
Unisphere structurally stable as well as accurate in design. U.S. Steel's administrative vice president Austin J. Paddock said that some 670 mathematical equations needed to be solved simultaneously to determine the exact layout of the Unisphere. The shape of the steel sheets was devised using a computer. The surface area of the landmasses totals over 13,000 square feet (1,200 m), effectively acting as a large sail.
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renovation, there were 48 single fountainheads. Two pumps in the pool recycle the water that is used in the fountainheads. The effect is meant to obscure the tripod supporting the
Unisphere, making the globe appear as if it is floating in space. From the perimeter of the reflecting pool, the Unisphere is meant to depict the Earth as seen from 4,000 miles (6,400 km) away.
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maintain. The restoration of the
Unisphere, which began in 1993, included numerous structural repairs and removal of grime accumulation on the steel. The fountains were replaced and new floodlighting was installed. Furthermore, two of the surrounding lawns were planted with rose gardens. As part of the park-wide renovation, the entrance of the
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presence of fountainheads around the globe's base, which cooled down fair visitors on hot days. During the fair, dramatic lighting at night gave the effect of sunrise moving over the surface of the globe. Additionally, the capitals of nations were marked by lights. One of these lights is placed at the location of the
619:(LPC) to designate the Unisphere as an official city landmark. Although the structure was only thirty years old, one speaker said "its symbolism precedes its age". At the time, there were relatively few city landmarks in Queens compared to the total number of landmarks citywide, but other structures such as the
371:, from March to August 1963. Over 51 million people visited the Unisphere during the World's Fair, after which it became a permanent attraction of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park. In the 1970s, the Unisphere was not maintained and became visibly dirty; it was restored in the early 1990s. The Unisphere was made a
352:, the Unisphere was conceived and constructed as the theme symbol of the World's Fair. The theme of the World's Fair was "Peace Through Understanding", and the Unisphere represented the theme of global interdependence, being dedicated to "Man's Achievements on a Shrinking Globe in an Expanding Universe".
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The
Unisphere is the world's largest globe. It measures 120 feet (37 m) in diameter, rises 140 feet (43 m), and weighs 700,000 pounds (317,515 kg). Including its 100-short-ton (91 t) inverted tripod base, which is made of sturdy low-alloy steel, the Unisphere weighs 900,000 pounds
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magazine, "The
Unisphere became the space age logo of the fair, a steel Earth at the Ptolemaic hub of a Googie-style Jetsons universe", despite the overall limited success of the 1964 World's Fair. The Unisphere became an unofficial symbol of Queens after the World's Fair. In 1990, the office of the
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said that the
Unisphere was perceived as a symbol of the "banal, corporate atmosphere" of the 1964 World's Fair. Despite the largely negative criticism of the Unisphere from architectural critics, it was positively received by the visitors. After the fair, the Unisphere remained a tourist attraction
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satellites had no orbit path. As a result, a symbolic number of three was chosen for aesthetic reasons. The three rings were connected with aircraft cable to the rest of the structure. Another proposal entailed having lights revolve around the satellite rings, but this idea was also decided against.
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After the 1964 fair was announced, Moses wished to make a symbol that represented the fair's theme of "Peace
Through Understanding", which would also have some "significance or meaning for the average person". The symbol would also celebrate the beginning of the space age. Moses first asked designer
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The
Unisphere is centered in a 310-foot-diameter (94 m) circular reflecting pool, with a floor of poured concrete surrounded by a bulkhead of granite and concrete. Forty-eight pairs of fountainheads, on the outer edge of the pool, are designed to obscure its tripod pedestal. Prior to the 1990s
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was blown off the
Unisphere. The piece was reinstalled the following year. After the fountains were turned back on, visitors often played within the pool and fountains, especially after a neighboring set of fountains to the east broke down. This was despite the fact that people were technically not
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In March 1966, after the conclusion of the fair, U.S. Steel donated $ 100,000 to make the Unisphere a permanent attraction at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park. These funds were allocated toward a lighting system for the globe, as well as a water-recirculation system for the pools. The park was reopened
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to make a "Theme Center". Teague designed the center as a 170-foot-tall (52 m) inverted cone surrounded by a spiral, rising from a reflecting pool. Moses declined the proposal, calling it a "cross between a part of a brake engine and a bed spring, or should I say between a Malayan Tapir and a
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The landmasses of the Unisphere are made of metal sheets that are laid in contours. The shapes had to be placed at regular intervals while also accurately representing the globe, and could not be cross-braced or overly thick; furthermore, wind was trapped by the shapes' concave inner surfaces. As
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The grounds around the Unisphere were landscaped in 1992, but the renovation of the Unisphere itself was delayed due to a lack of money. Preservationists objected when some of the trees around the Unisphere, dating to the 1964 World's Fair, were removed and replaced with trees that were easier to
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The globe became the icon of the 1964 World's Fair. A special commemorative stamp issue was issued starting in April 1964, depicting fair attractions such as the Unisphere. The globe was also depicted on media and souvenirs promoting the fair. The Unisphere's popularity was also increased by the
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had been left out of the original design, and the lights representing capital cities were criticized on the grounds that the process of selecting "important" capitals was subjective. U.S. Steel rejected the idea of a spinning globe due to high costs, though it did retain Martecchini's idea of a
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to Flushing Meadows–Corona Park. Parts of the park were repaired or expanded for the tournament, including the fountains of the Unisphere, which were reactivated in 1978 for the first time in ten years. In 1983, officials celebrated the 300th anniversary of Queens' founding at the base of the
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The idea for the Unisphere occurred in September 1960 as Clarke was doodling on an airplane from Ohio to New York. Clarke had sketched a metal armillary on the rear of an envelope. By the time he got to his office, Clarke had refined his plan into a revolving globe with rings of latitude and
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had expressed opposition to such proposals. Local media reported in 2009 that grass had begun to grow within the steel mass representing Antarctica. NYC Parks officials suspected that bird feces and an accumulation of leaves had contributed to an environment in which seeds could germinate.
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which was dismantled after the Fair, Moses commented that he "never understood" the Perisphere and its Trylon. According to Moses, the Unisphere "illustrates, symbolizes and embodies man's achievements on a shrinking globe in an expanding universe". The structure was to be constructed by
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Construction on the Unisphere started on March 6, 1963. The globe was built within 110 days, and the last landmass was installed on August 13, 1963. When the Unisphere was being built, Blough took credit for the structure. He did give an award to M. Legrain-Eiffel, whose grandfather
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wrote that, while "nothing can compensate for the loss of context around this metallic centerpiece", the globe had started to gleam "with something like its former high spirits". That year, the Annual Building Awards in Queens gave the Unisphere an award for best rehabilitation.
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allowed to enter the pool and fountains. To prevent people from being hurt by the powerful fountainheads, NYC Parks added barricades, opened fire hydrants, and hired patrol officers to deter people from going into the pool area. Even so, some people still entered the pool area.
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piles of 95 to 100 feet (29 to 30 m) in length. Before construction of the Unisphere, three piles were tested for structural integrity and all were found to be sound throughout their entire length. Six hundred additional piles were built specifically for the Unisphere.
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were receiving landmark protection. The LPC designated the Unisphere as a landmark that May. Though the landmark status ensured the Unisphere's preservation, other relics of the 1939 and 1964 World's Fairs had become dilapidated or were being demolished at the same time.
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had prohibited water from being used for ornamental purposes. By 2008, city officials planned to fix the pipes under the Unisphere. At the time, the fountains leaked excessively; to save money, NYC Parks only operated the fountains throughout the entire day whenever the
1175:, to the north, had been oriented along the same axis as the Unisphere. Additionally, a pair of promenades extend east of the Unisphere, with the Fountains of the Fairs between the paths. The entrance to the Queens Museum is directly west of the Unisphere, while the
443:. This plan called for a saucer measuring 300 feet (91 m) in diameter and tilted 18 degrees from the ground, with a restaurant, exhibits, educational and recreational facilities, and "planetary viewing stations". Moses also rejected Rudolph's proposal.
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The Unisphere's fountains were rededicated on August 12, 2010, after a $ 2 million restoration of the pumps, valves, and paintwork. The refurbished fountains operated daily during the summer for the first time in more than two decades. In the September
703:. The horizontal beams on the frame are meant to represent longitude lines. Over five hundred pieces of steel were used in the construction of the globe. The Unisphere is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees, which is Earth's normal tilt.
722:. The early design was to have a ring for each of a dozen satellites in place at the time of the World's Fair. This proved impractical, not only in the number of satellites but also in the height of their orbits and the fact that
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was being held. Due to concerns by city officials that people would wade into the pools, some officials had proposed several years prior that the Unisphere be surrounded by a fence or bushes, but former parks commissioner
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The fountains at the Unisphere's base were shut off in 2001 due to citywide water restrictions; they were not reactivated until early 2003, seventeen months later. The pool around the globe was also drained because Mayor
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La Guardia International Airport and John F. Kennedy International Airport, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey Airport Access Program, Automated Guideway Transit System (NY, NJ): Environmental Impact
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759:. The marshy soil of Flushing Meadows needed special consideration during the original 1937 Perisphere construction. The Perisphere, and subsequently the Unisphere, employed a foundation of 528 pressure-
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Pathways radiate axially from the Unisphere to the north, northeast, southeast, and south. There are plaques facing the four major paths that extend from the Unisphere. The courts of the former
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the same month, attended by four hundred people. U.S. Steel constructed the Unisphere for free; as compensation, the company's name was placed on marketing materials throughout the fair.
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483:, who said the globe would only be as high as a ten-story brick building outside his office. The final design was similar to the original, but the fountains were arranged differently.
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1378:. At least two climbers have died after slipping from the Unisphere: a 23-year-old who fell from the side of the structure in 1976, and a man who fell into the globe in 1990.
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and Michael Rapuano, designers of the original World's Fair layout, were retained to tailor the original 1939 park layout for the new fair. New York City parks commissioner
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607:, to the west, was relocated so it faced the Unisphere directly, rather than in the opposite direction. The restoration was completed in May 1994. Architectural critic
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also depicted the globe. By the mid-1990s, it was being shown in numerous commercials and as a part of several montages of New York City. One person interviewed by
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student Paul Hornstein, who had wanted "to prove that we can do a full-scale, high-quality movie production on our own". A member of the climate activist group
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Several people have climbed the Unisphere throughout its history. In 1976, George Willig and Jerry Hewitt scaled the structure for a short documentary made by
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called it "one of the outstanding achievements in structural sculpture of this decade." Remarking on the initial negative reception of the Unisphere in 2010,
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Arne Abramowitz became administrator of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park in 1986 and soon began planning a renovation of the park. The following year, the
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three-pointed pedestal. In addition, the globe was reduced from 150 to 120 feet (46 to 37 m) after Clarke talked with U.S. Steel's board chairman
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the next year following a major renovation, and the Unisphere was permanently retained as a park feature. At first, the park was lightly used, and a
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ironworkers requested to be placed there to honor their labor. Over the course of the fair, many of its 51 million visitors passed by the Unisphere.
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that the Unisphere was a "bit of roadside inspirational decoration, a trite cartoon in iron" that portended badly for the 1964 World's Fair, while
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Three large orbit rings of stainless steel encircle the Unisphere at various angles. These orbit rings are believed to represent the tracks of
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orbiting Earth. Around the Unisphere is a reflecting pool measuring 310 feet (94 m) in diameter, surrounded by 48 pairs of fountainheads.
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The Unisphere measures 140 feet (43 m) high and 120 feet (37 m) in diameter. It sits atop a 20-foot-tall (6.1 m)
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was president of the World's Fair Corporation, which leased the park from the city until 1967, after the fair's completion.
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base with over 500 steel pieces representing the countries, as well as three steel rings representing the first artificial
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described it as "like the set for the 'spectacular' finale of a 1930s Warner Brothers musical". Walter McQuade wrote for
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Campanella, Thomas J. (September 11, 2010). "Leisure & Arts – Architecture: Icon of a Fair, a Borough, the World".
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The Unisphere has been used as a setting or backdrop for several films and TV episodes, notably the American sitcom
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409:. At the conclusion of the fair, it was used as a park. The Flushing Meadows site was selected in 1959 for the
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2816:"Moses Gives City Fair Site as Park; Flushing Meadows in Queens Becomes the 2d Biggest Recreation Area Here"
1608:"Moses Gives City Fair Site as Park; Flushing Meadows in Queens Becomes the 2d Biggest Recreation Area Here"
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Moses announced plans for the Unisphere in February 1961. The Unisphere would be erected at the site of the
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article in 1969 reported that the fountains at the Unisphere had been turned off. The globe was covered in
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Clarke's idea underwent a further refined industrial design in stainless steel by industrial designers at
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Robbins, William (August 16, 1964). "Doodle Grew Into the Unisphere, With Help From a Rubber Ball".
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quoted people who called it "probably one of the most uninspired designs we have ever seen", while
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The Unisphere is built on a concrete foundation, which includes the piling ring that supported the
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530:. The Unisphere was dedicated in early March 1964, and the base of the Unisphere hosted a dance
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that Moses's defense of the Unisphere was motivated by animosity toward the older structure.
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New York 1960: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Second World War and the Bicentennial
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1346:. The Unisphere has been shown frequently in music videos, in particular those from the
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4525:"Deconstructing the Unisphere: Hip-Hop on a Shrinking Globe in an Expanding Universe"
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2775:"Park on Fair Site Due in December; Last 23 Doomed Buildings to Be Torn Down by July"
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470:. Some of the original design details were controversial. Several landmasses such as
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New York 2000: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Bicentennial and the Millennium
4083:"World's Fair fountains in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park to get $ 5 million makeover"
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A crane eases the last segment of the Unisphere into place to complete the structure
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in 1995 and, after another period of disrepair, it was restored in the early 2010s.
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by the 1970s, while the pools were shut off and tagged with graffiti. In 1978, the
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American Wood Preservers Institute; American Wood-Preservers' Association (1965).
3424:"New/Old Entry for the Queens Museum; Once Again, Face to Face With the Unisphere"
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699:. The continents on the globe are fabricated with a special texture-pattern by
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3354:"Summer's Last Hurrah: The Final Fling Before the Fall; Recircling the Globe"
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also climbed the Unisphere in September 2019 to hang a banner protesting the
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magazine criticized the design as "a heavy, literal version of the ancient
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3887:"Global warning? Grass grows on South Pole of Flushing Meadows' Unisphere"
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Only one positive criticism emerged when the globe was announced when the
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4116:"Then and Now: NYC rebuilds iconic Fountain of the Fairs as a fog garden"
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Clarke devised plans for the Unisphere while aboard an airplane in 1960.
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1934:"What the Unisphere Tells Us About America at the Dawn of the Space Age"
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4575:"Man Climbs World's Fair Unisphere To Draw Attention To Climate Change"
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Attractions and geographical features of Flushing Meadows–Corona Park:
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4047:"World's Fair fountains in Queens will transform into 'mist gardens'"
3645:"Neighborhood Report: Flushing Meadows – Corona Park; Safe at Last".
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This article is about the structure. For the networking company, see
2247:"Carnegie Museum to Open a Survey of the Designer Peter Muller-Munk"
3682:"Neighborhood Report: Flushing; Preserving The Relics Of the Fairs"
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Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation
1430:"Ready to Turn Fair Into Park; Moses Tells Mayor His Plans Are Set"
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opined that the globe was "deathly dull" and "looks like an ad for
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3003:"At 300th Birthday Celebration, Queens Feels It's One of a Kind"
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The then-newly-built Unisphere during the 1964–1965 World's Fair
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3231:"World's Fair-est Park? Flushing Meadows soon to have new face"
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depicted the Unisphere in its insignia, and advertisements for
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When it was proposed, the Unisphere received negative reviews.
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Internet Archive: The Unisphere: Biggest World on Earth (1964)
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Stern, Robert A. M.; Mellins, Thomas; Fishman, David (1995).
4105:
2012:"A 120-Foot Steel 'Unisphere' Will Be Symbol of the '64 Fair"
615:
In February 1995, several Queens residents petitioned to the
475:
329:
4016:"When a Tornado in Queens Becomes an International Incident"
2525:"The World of Stamps; View of Mall Marks Issue for the Fair"
2203:"Mass-Market Masterpieces: The Designs of Peter Muller-Munk"
1557:"Flushing Meadows-Corona Park: Historic Preservation Studio"
537:
4931:
4667:
Stern, Robert A. M.; Fishman, David; Tilove, Jacob (2006).
568:
3723:"Throw a Coin and Hear a Splash: City Fills Its Fountains"
2450:"400 Attend Unisphere Ball In Salute to Fair at Arts Club"
340:, New York City, United States. The globe was designed by
2709:"U.S. Steel Donates A Fund to Maintain Unisphere at Fair"
2669:"Around the Unisphere at the World's Fair, Lives Changed"
4640:
Tyre, Peg (June 4, 1990). "Man Dies in Unisphere Fall".
4181:
Unisphere: Symbol of the 1964–1965 New York World's Fair
4424:"Famous Movie And Television Locations Around The U.S."
2856:"Skeleton of Fair Just Hints at What Was: On The Scene"
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
1740:
1738:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1248:
called it a "silly idea" and petitioned U.S. President
5773:
New York City Designated Landmarks in Queens, New York
2162:"Unisphere at 1964 World's Fair to Be 12 Stories High"
4772:
4405:
Caplan, Ralph (March 1961). "Fair is (So Far) Foul".
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
4418:
4416:
2112:
2093:. Vol. 42, no. 3. March 1961. p. 64.
1723:
1393:
List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Queens
4705:
4379:. Vol. 32, no. 6. March 1961. p. 1.
2147:
2135:
1744:
4707:
4668:
4666:
4600:
4455:"THING;A Global Image That Says New York And More"
4288:
4222:. American Wood Preservers Institute. p. 16.
3461:
2960:
2889:
2814:
2773:
2707:
2595:"Fair's Fountains Prove Handy as Air-Conditioners"
2593:
2523:
2448:
2371:
2201:
2160:
2010:
1678:
1606:
4413:
3767:"Water, Water Nowhere, So the Fountains Stay Dry"
3480:"Queens Beauty Contest: Basic Brick Is Beautiful"
3043:"New Park Chief Building a Career in Open Spaces"
435:window shutter". Another proposal was devised by
348:. Commissioned to celebrate the beginning of the
5729:
5351:
4311:New York City Department of Parks and Recreation
3343:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3075:"Park in Queens to Get $ 80 Million Restoration"
2342:"Unisphere, 1960 – Photos – New York: The 1960s"
1705:New York City Department of Parks and Recreation
597:New York City Department of Parks and Recreation
486:
357:New York City Department of Parks and Recreation
190:New York City Department of Parks and Recreation
4878:
4753:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
3880:
3878:
3805:
3803:
3801:
3113:
3111:
3109:
1252:to prevent the Unisphere from being installed.
695:(408,233 kg). The globe is constructed of
617:New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
42:The Unisphere with its fountains and spectators
3844:"Circling the Unisphere, a Borough's Backyard"
3812:"Unisphere work to restore its misty mystique"
2661:
2659:
2005:
2003:
2001:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
5337:
4947:
4822:
4174:
4172:
4076:
4074:
4072:
3918:"Neglected Unisphere Sprouts Grass in Queens"
3334:
3293:
3291:
2962:"In Corona, They Look for a Lift From Tennis"
2745:
2743:
2506:
2504:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2407:
2313:
2311:
2078:
2076:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1827:
1825:
996:
502:The Unisphere under construction in the 1960s
5753:Buildings and structures in Queens, New York
5392:USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center
5160:USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center
5036:Protestant Reformed Dutch Church of Flushing
3947:
3945:
3943:
3875:
3798:
3520:"Finding history, new & old, at 3 sites"
3224:
3222:
3106:
3072:Anderson, Susan Heller (November 19, 1987).
2564:"Fair's Unisphere Will Get a Lot of Mileage"
2502:
2500:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2486:
2484:
1041:Flushing Meadows Corona Park Aquatics Center
4147:"Focus on Fabrication> Rigidized Metals"
2656:
1998:
1970:"Architecture at the New York World's Fair"
1918:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1531:New York State Department of Transportation
743:The Unisphere and surrounding areas in 1964
5793:World's fair architecture in New York City
5635:Hong Kong Dragon Boat Festival in New York
5344:
5330:
4954:
4940:
4829:
4815:
4769:, film about the creation of the Unisphere
4529:Meet Me at the Fair: A World's Fair Reader
4169:
4069:
3288:
3118:Neugebauer, William (September 20, 1987).
3117:
2740:
2404:
2308:
2199:
2073:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1893:
1868:
1822:
1523:United States Department of Transportation
1003:
989:
4924:: †No longer extant or on public display
4013:
3940:
3840:
3219:
2481:
1519:Port Authority of New York and New Jersey
1388:History of fountains in the United States
777:Attractions and geographical features of
714:, the first American to orbit Earth; and
4836:
4251:"A Queens Park's Past Shapes Its Future"
3810:Hirshon, Nicholas (September 16, 2008).
3719:
3347:
3120:"It may be the jewel in city park crown"
3071:
2812:
1967:
1803:. Vol. 43, no. 7. p. 12.
1639:
1604:
1579:
738:
685:
635:
586:
536:
5249:Robert F. Kennedy Community High School
4581:from the original on September 10, 2019
4541:
4522:
3985:"Finally: Unisphere Fountain Restored!"
3982:
3951:
3915:
3884:
3809:
3613:
3579:
3517:
3473:
2853:
2665:
1956:
1843:
1794:"Rudolph Designs for the New York Fair"
1767:. Vol. 42. July 1961. p. 45.
1350:scene, such as A Tribe Called Quest's "
1177:Billie Jean King National Tennis Center
5730:
4451:
4404:
4244:
4204:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1995
3760:
3675:
3518:Avashti, Surabhi (February 15, 1995).
3329:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1995
3263:
3152:
3040:
2999:
2958:
2688:from the original on February 11, 2021
2511:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1995
2240:
2200:Kracklauer, Beth (November 19, 2015).
1931:
1758:"Moon-viewing Platform Shows Concrete"
1593:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1995
1417:Landmarks Preservation Commission 1995
1275:
526:'s company had designed and built the
254:Location of Unisphere in New York City
5325:
4935:
4810:
4226:from the original on January 23, 2023
4178:
4144:
4080:
4044:
3952:Hirshon, Nicholas (August 13, 2010).
3885:Hirshon, Nicholas (August 21, 2009).
3626:from the original on January 23, 2023
3548:
3373:from the original on October 19, 2020
3310:from the original on January 23, 2023
3297:
3228:
2352:from the original on October 25, 2020
2222:from the original on October 18, 2020
1711:from the original on December 1, 2021
1537:from the original on January 23, 2023
1488:from the original on January 23, 2023
575:tennis tournament was moved from the
5738:1964 establishments in New York City
4639:
4573:Kim, Elizabeth (September 9, 2019).
4544:"Climbing Their Way to Film Careers"
4542:Herbert, Robert (October 19, 1976).
4386:from the original on August 21, 2021
4145:Brake, Alan G. (February 26, 2014).
4014:Kilgannon, Corey (August 21, 2011).
3841:Kilgannon, Corey (August 25, 2011).
3189:"Overdue facelift for park in works"
3041:Rivera, Elaine (December 30, 1986).
2891:"U.S. Open Site Goes Public for '78"
2640:. September 24, 2015. Archived from
2429:from the original on January 1, 2023
5778:Outdoor sculptures in New York City
5417:Louis Armstrong Stadium (1978–2016)
5254:World Journalism Preparatory School
4572:
4504:from the original on April 17, 2021
3393:"Unisphere Shaping Up for New Look"
3266:"Felled park trees trigger outrage"
1944:from the original on April 13, 2021
631:
452:Perisphere of the 1939 World's Fair
16:Steel structure in Queens, New York
13:
5229:Flushing International High School
5072:Old Town of Flushing Burial Ground
4621:from the original on July 26, 2021
4554:from the original on July 26, 2021
4516:
4474:from the original on July 26, 2021
4433:from the original on June 19, 2021
4350:from the original on July 26, 2021
4320:from the original on July 26, 2021
4270:from the original on July 26, 2021
4126:from the original on July 26, 2021
4093:from the original on July 26, 2021
4081:Honan, Katie (February 12, 2018).
4057:from the original on July 26, 2021
4026:from the original on March 9, 2021
3995:from the original on July 27, 2020
3964:from the original on July 26, 2021
3928:from the original on July 26, 2021
3897:from the original on July 26, 2021
3863:from the original on July 26, 2021
3822:from the original on July 26, 2021
3786:from the original on July 26, 2021
3742:from the original on July 26, 2021
3720:Cardwell, Diane (April 17, 2003).
3701:from the original on July 26, 2021
3561:from the original on July 26, 2021
3530:from the original on July 26, 2021
3499:from the original on March 8, 2021
3443:from the original on July 26, 2021
3403:from the original on July 26, 2021
3276:from the original on July 26, 2021
3264:Serant, Claire (August 22, 1991).
3245:from the original on July 26, 2021
3207:from the original on July 26, 2021
3169:from the original on July 26, 2021
3134:from the original on July 26, 2021
3094:from the original on July 26, 2021
3053:from the original on July 26, 2021
3022:from the original on July 26, 2021
2981:from the original on July 26, 2021
2959:Shaman, Diana (December 3, 1978).
2940:from the original on July 26, 2021
2930:"A Renewal: Fountains Spout Again"
2910:from the original on July 26, 2021
2870:from the original on July 26, 2021
2835:from the original on April 7, 2021
2794:from the original on July 26, 2021
2728:from the original on March 8, 2021
2614:from the original on July 26, 2021
2574:from the original on July 26, 2021
2544:from the original on July 26, 2021
2469:from the original on July 26, 2021
2392:from the original on March 8, 2021
2296:from the original on March 8, 2021
2266:from the original on July 27, 2020
2181:from the original on March 8, 2021
2100:from the original on July 26, 2021
2061:from the original on July 26, 2021
2031:from the original on March 8, 2021
1986:from the original on July 27, 2020
1968:Schmertz, Mildred F. (July 1964).
1810:from the original on June 19, 2021
1774:from the original on June 19, 2021
1666:from the original on July 26, 2021
1627:from the original on April 7, 2021
1567:from the original on April 1, 2017
1448:from the original on July 29, 2019
1331:Captain America: The First Avenger
14:
5804:
5783:Steel sculptures in New York City
4760:
3616:"Unisphere nears landmark status"
3614:Avashti, Surabhi (May 15, 1995).
3586:The Encyclopedia of New York City
3549:Bazzi, Mohamad (March 26, 1995).
2813:Schumach, Murray (June 4, 1967).
2419:"Moses' Orb holds Sway Over Fair"
2148:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995
2136:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995
1745:Stern, Mellins & Fishman 1995
1605:Schumach, Murray (June 4, 1967).
557:
550:First Nations reserve, which the
373:New York City designated landmark
302:
274:
246:
4794:
4782:
4289:Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006
4183:(1st ed.). Arethusa Press.
4045:Plitt, Amy (February 13, 2018).
3983:Carlson, Jen (August 14, 2010).
3916:Carlson, Jen (August 21, 2009).
3462:Stern, Fishman & Tilove 2006
3399:. October 10, 1991. p. 35.
3155:"Flushing Meadows Stuck in Park"
3153:Polsky, Carol (August 9, 1988).
2936:. September 7, 1978. p. 2.
2750:"Funds provided for Unisphere".
2286:"Unisphere (under construction)"
2057:. February 14, 1961. p. 4.
1376:2019 Amazon rainforest wildfires
1246:L'Architettura cronache e storia
971:
959:
947:
935:
918:
906:
894:
882:
870:
858:
846:
834:
817:
798:
791:
784:
507:
495:
301:
294:
273:
266:
245:
238:
36:
4633:
4593:
4566:
4535:
4486:
4445:
4398:
4362:
4332:
4294:
4282:
4238:
4209:
4197:
4138:
4038:
4007:
3976:
3909:
3834:
3754:
3713:
3669:
3638:
3607:
3573:
3542:
3511:
3467:
3455:
3415:
3385:
3322:
3257:
3229:Smith, Ray (October 27, 1991).
3181:
3146:
3065:
3034:
3000:Shenon, Philip (June 5, 1983).
2993:
2952:
2922:
2882:
2847:
2806:
2766:
2700:
2666:Robbins, Liz (April 18, 2014).
2626:
2586:
2556:
2516:
2441:
2364:
2334:
2278:
2234:
2193:
2153:
2141:
2043:
1786:
1750:
1656:"Queens History: the Unisphere"
1527:Federal Aviation Administration
1441:. August 15, 1940. p. 14.
770:
407:1939/1940 New York World's Fair
328:is a spherical stainless steel
4531:. ETC Press. pp. 155–163.
3649:. May 14, 1995. p. 13.8.
3298:Huang, Vivian (June 1, 1994).
3195:. May 17, 1992. pp. 207,
2854:Behrens, Dave (May 26, 1969).
2754:. March 22, 1966. p. 16.
2051:"'Unisphere' Is Fair's Symbol"
1979:. Vol. 136. p. 150.
1598:
1549:
1504:
1464:
1422:
1410:
666:2010 Brooklyn–Queens tornadoes
640:Fountains around the Unisphere
1:
4714:. New York: Monacelli Press.
4675:. New York: Monacelli Press.
4452:Sexton, Adam (May 12, 1996).
2752:The Christian Science Monitor
2570:. July 25, 1962. p. 30.
2425:. March 14, 1963. p. 7.
2320:The Christian Science Monitor
1932:Rogers, Adam (May 23, 2017).
1398:
487:Construction and World's Fair
313:Show map of the United States
310:Unisphere (the United States)
5758:Flushing Meadows–Corona Park
5353:Flushing Meadows–Corona Park
5119:Flushing Meadows–Corona Park
4961:
4494:"Movies Filmed at Unisphere"
4346:. May 24, 1961. p. 49.
3300:"Let us spray for Unisphere"
2373:"Section Added to Unisphere"
2322:. March 7, 1963. p. 2.
1662:. May 16, 1995. p. 10.
1481:. July 13, 1949. p. 4.
1403:
1191:
779:Flushing Meadows–Corona Park
701:Rigidized Metals Corporation
668:, the landmass representing
468:Peter Muller-Munk Associates
395:Flushing Meadows–Corona Park
334:Flushing Meadows–Corona Park
169:Peter Muller-Munk Associates
60:Flushing Meadows–Corona Park
7:
4562:– via newspapers.com.
4358:– via newspapers.com.
3972:– via newspapers.com.
3830:– via newspapers.com.
3634:– via newspapers.com.
3589:(2nd ed.). New Haven:
3569:– via newspapers.com.
3538:– via newspapers.com.
3411:– via newspapers.com.
3318:– via newspapers.com.
3284:– via newspapers.com.
3253:– via newspapers.com.
3215:– via newspapers.com.
3177:– via newspapers.com.
3142:– via newspapers.com.
3061:– via newspapers.com.
2948:– via newspapers.com.
2878:– via newspapers.com.
2582:– via newspapers.com.
2069:– via newspapers.com.
1674:– via newspapers.com.
1563:. May 3, 2015. p. 16.
1533:. June 1994. p. 1.11.
1381:
625:Vander Ende–Onderdonk House
441:Portland Cement Association
424:
397:, a former ash dump in the
330:representation of the Earth
121:; 60 years ago
10:
5809:
5743:1964 New York World's Fair
5551:Westinghouse Time Capsules
5516:Ice rink and swimming pool
4660:
4523:Gaskins, Nettrice (2014).
4409:. Vol. 8. p. 27.
1226:". Ralph Caplan wrote for
710:, the first man in space;
411:1964 New York World's Fair
389:
346:1964 New York World's Fair
146:1964 New York World's Fair
18:
5709:
5648:
5614:Pavilions and attractions
5596:
5561:
5498:
5447:
5379:
5372:
5359:
5307:
5262:
5216:
5190:
5147:
5101:
5094:
5064:
5051:United States Post Office
4989:
4982:
4969:
4919:
4903:
4870:Vietnam Veterans Memorial
4844:
4151:The Architect's Newspaper
2318:"Unisphere Takes Shape".
1361:
1320:Marvel Cinematic Universe
1186:
1028:Flushing Meadows Carousel
697:Type 304L stainless steel
676:
257:Show map of New York City
232:
228:
224:
216:
208:
199:
195:
185:
175:
159:
151:
141:
133:
115:
107:
70:
55:
47:
35:
30:
5788:Symbols of New York City
5455:New York Hall of Science
5437:New York City FC stadium
5313:Queens Community Board 7
5177:New York City FC stadium
5139:Rachel Carson Playground
5031:Old Quaker Meeting House
4120:Civil Engineering Source
2437:– via Google News.
2290:NYPL Digital Collections
2091:Progressive Architecture
1765:Progressive Architecture
1479:Long Island Star-Journal
1232:Progressive Architecture
1179:is to the north and the
1097:New York Hall of Science
1050:Flushing River and Creek
720:communications satellite
681:
5665:Adjacent neighborhoods
5460:New York State Pavilion
5402:Louis Armstrong Stadium
5170:Louis Armstrong Stadium
5129:Queens Botanical Garden
4911:Socrates Sculpture Park
4340:"Moses and His Critics"
2208:The Wall Street Journal
1896:The Wall Street Journal
1266:into the 21st century.
1262:The Wall Street Journal
1181:New York State Pavilion
1173:Louis Armstrong Stadium
1119:Queens Botanical Garden
1106:New York State Pavilion
734:
457:American Bridge Company
365:American Bridge Company
180:American Bridge Company
5535:Sculptures and relics
5483:Underground World Home
5478:United States Pavilion
5244:John Bowne High School
5234:Holy Cross High School
5026:Lewis H. Latimer House
4179:Short, Daniel (2016).
3551:"Overlooked Treasures"
1337:Spider-Man: Homecoming
1312:; the television show
1086:United States Pavilion
1081:National Tennis Center
744:
691:
641:
621:Lewis H. Latimer House
592:
542:
202:New York City Landmark
171:(industrial designers)
4602:"Metropolitan Briefs"
4122:. February 11, 2021.
3591:Yale University Press
3431:. December 11, 1994.
3351:(September 2, 1994).
2644:on September 24, 2015
2150:, pp. 1032–1033.
2019:. February 15, 1961.
1244:for Italian magazine
1222:, with decoration by
742:
689:
639:
590:
577:West Side Tennis Club
540:
399:New York City borough
166:(landscape architect)
92:40.74639°N 73.84500°W
5224:Flushing High School
5095:Parks and recreation
5006:Flushing High School
4983:Designated landmarks
4886:Christopher Columbus
4838:Public art in Queens
4370:"The Big Steel Ball"
4309:. Vol. Part 1.
4303:Conceptual Framework
4219:Wood Preserving News
4157:on February 26, 2014
3477:(October 11, 1995).
1977:Architectural Record
1938:Smithsonian Magazine
1801:Architectural Record
1372:Extinction Rebellion
1354:" and Craig Mack's "
1293:Continental Airlines
1165:station (demolished)
1065:Mets–Willets Point (
432:Walter Dorwin Teague
415:Gilmore David Clarke
285:Show map of New York
282:Unisphere (New York)
164:Gilmore David Clarke
111:140 feet (43 m)
5640:Queens Night Market
5499:Outdoor attractions
5470:Terrace on the Park
5397:Arthur Ashe Stadium
5165:Arthur Ashe Stadium
5082:Voelker Orth Museum
5046:St. George's Church
5041:RKO Keith's Theater
5021:Kingsland Homestead
4548:New York Daily News
4429:. October 8, 2013.
4248:(August 26, 2001).
3958:New York Daily News
3954:"Fountain's Return"
3891:New York Daily News
3816:New York Daily News
3620:New York Daily News
3581:Jackson, Kenneth T.
3524:New York Daily News
3304:New York Daily News
3270:New York Daily News
3124:New York Daily News
2568:New York Daily News
2380:. August 13, 1963.
2346:New York Daily News
1368:New York University
1276:Symbolism and media
1137:Terrace on the Park
718:, the first active
405:, was used for the
97:40.74639; -73.84500
88: /
5579:Mets–Willets Point
5569:Mets–Willets Point
5488:Wisconsin Pavilion
5474:Former structures
5208:Flushing Koreatown
5203:Flushing Chinatown
5011:Flushing Town Hall
4607:The New York Times
4460:The New York Times
4313:. pp. 16–19.
4256:The New York Times
3849:The New York Times
3772:The New York Times
3764:(April 21, 2002).
3728:The New York Times
3687:The New York Times
3679:(March 17, 1996).
3647:The New York Times
3485:The New York Times
3429:The New York Times
3359:The New York Times
3080:The New York Times
3008:The New York Times
2967:The New York Times
2896:The New York Times
2821:The New York Times
2780:The New York Times
2716:. March 21, 1966.
2714:The New York Times
2674:The New York Times
2600:The New York Times
2532:. March 15, 1964.
2530:The New York Times
2455:The New York Times
2378:The New York Times
2252:The New York Times
2169:. April 24, 1962.
2167:The New York Times
2017:The New York Times
1846:The New York Times
1613:The New York Times
1309:The King of Queens
1301:The New York Times
1269:The New York Times
1257:National Arts Club
745:
692:
642:
593:
591:Close-up of Africa
543:
217:Reference no.
21:Unisphere Networks
5725:
5724:
5689:Kew Gardens Hills
5592:
5591:
5506:Botanical Gardens
5433:Proposed stadium
5319:
5318:
5198:Broadway–Flushing
5186:
5185:
5090:
5089:
4929:
4928:
4899:
4898:
4682:978-1-58093-177-9
4407:Industrial Design
4190:978-0-692-50867-1
3600:978-0-300-11465-2
3349:Muschamp, Herbert
2782:. April 4, 1966.
2457:. March 7, 1964.
2423:The Village Voice
1498:fultonhistory.com
1472:"Flushing Meadow"
1458:fultonhistory.com
1289:borough president
1228:Industrial Design
1199:The Village Voice
1183:is to the south.
757:1939 World's Fair
647:Michael Bloomberg
439:on behalf of the
342:Gilmore D. Clarke
322:
321:
5800:
5763:Flushing, Queens
5717:Column of Jerash
5413:Former stadiums
5377:
5376:
5346:
5339:
5332:
5323:
5322:
5099:
5098:
5016:John Bowne House
4987:
4986:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4933:
4932:
4879:Portrait statues
4876:
4875:
4831:
4824:
4817:
4808:
4807:
4799:
4798:
4797:
4787:
4786:
4778:
4756:
4750:
4741:
4713:
4702:
4674:
4654:
4653:
4637:
4631:
4630:
4628:
4626:
4609:. June 6, 1976.
4604:
4597:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4570:
4564:
4563:
4561:
4559:
4539:
4533:
4532:
4520:
4514:
4513:
4511:
4509:
4490:
4484:
4483:
4481:
4479:
4457:
4449:
4443:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4420:
4411:
4410:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4393:
4391:
4385:
4374:
4366:
4360:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4319:
4308:
4298:
4292:
4286:
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4253:
4246:Dunlap, David W.
4242:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4231:
4213:
4207:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4176:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4153:. Archived from
4142:
4136:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4112:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4078:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4011:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4000:
3980:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3949:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3933:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3902:
3882:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3868:
3846:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3807:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3769:
3758:
3752:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3725:
3717:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3684:
3673:
3667:
3666:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3566:
3546:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3535:
3526:. p. 1265.
3515:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3482:
3471:
3465:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3448:
3426:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3356:
3345:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3295:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3237:. pp. 202,
3226:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3185:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3150:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3126:. pp. 318,
3115:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3077:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3005:
2997:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2964:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
2945:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2898:. May 28, 1977.
2893:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2875:
2851:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2818:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2777:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2747:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2711:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2671:
2663:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2630:
2624:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2602:. May 24, 1964.
2597:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2527:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2479:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2452:
2445:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2434:
2415:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2397:
2375:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2357:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2315:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2282:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2249:
2244:(July 9, 2015).
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2205:
2197:
2191:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2164:
2157:
2151:
2145:
2139:
2133:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2099:
2088:
2084:"Plus Ça Change"
2080:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2066:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2014:
2007:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1985:
1974:
1965:
1954:
1953:
1951:
1949:
1929:
1916:
1915:
1898:. p. W.13.
1891:
1866:
1865:
1841:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1809:
1798:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1773:
1762:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1697:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1652:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1610:
1602:
1596:
1590:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1495:
1493:
1487:
1476:
1468:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1447:
1434:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1348:New York hip-hop
1340:; and the movie
1220:armillary sphere
1159:
1152:
1143:
1134:
1125:
1116:
1103:
1094:
1078:
1063:
1056:
1047:
1038:
1025:
1016:
1005:
998:
991:
981:
975:
968:
963:
956:
951:
944:
939:
932:
927:
922:
915:
910:
903:
898:
891:
886:
879:
874:
867:
862:
855:
850:
843:
838:
831:
826:
821:
814:
809:
802:
801:
795:
788:
632:2000s to present
609:Herbert Muschamp
511:
499:
459:, a division of
367:, a division of
314:
305:
304:
298:
286:
277:
276:
270:
258:
249:
248:
242:
129:
127:
122:
103:
102:
100:
99:
98:
93:
89:
86:
85:
84:
81:
66:, New York, U.S.
40:
28:
27:
5808:
5807:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5798:
5797:
5748:1964 sculptures
5728:
5727:
5726:
5721:
5705:
5694:Queensboro Hill
5644:
5588:
5557:
5494:
5443:
5368:
5355:
5350:
5320:
5315:
5303:
5258:
5212:
5182:
5143:
5114:Flushing Fields
5086:
5060:
5001:Flushing Armory
4993:
4991:
4990:Heritage Trail,
4978:
4965:
4960:
4930:
4925:
4915:
4895:
4874:
4840:
4835:
4805:
4795:
4793:
4781:
4773:
4763:
4755:. May 16, 1995.
4748:
4722:
4683:
4663:
4658:
4657:
4638:
4634:
4624:
4622:
4599:
4598:
4594:
4584:
4582:
4571:
4567:
4557:
4555:
4550:. p. 353.
4540:
4536:
4521:
4517:
4507:
4505:
4492:
4491:
4487:
4477:
4475:
4450:
4446:
4436:
4434:
4422:
4421:
4414:
4403:
4399:
4389:
4387:
4383:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4353:
4351:
4338:
4337:
4333:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4306:
4300:
4299:
4295:
4291:, p. 1309.
4287:
4283:
4273:
4271:
4243:
4239:
4229:
4227:
4214:
4210:
4202:
4198:
4191:
4177:
4170:
4160:
4158:
4143:
4139:
4129:
4127:
4114:
4113:
4106:
4096:
4094:
4079:
4070:
4060:
4058:
4043:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4012:
4008:
3998:
3996:
3981:
3977:
3967:
3965:
3950:
3941:
3931:
3929:
3914:
3910:
3900:
3898:
3883:
3876:
3866:
3864:
3839:
3835:
3825:
3823:
3808:
3799:
3789:
3787:
3759:
3755:
3745:
3743:
3718:
3714:
3704:
3702:
3677:Leduff, Charlie
3674:
3670:
3644:
3643:
3639:
3629:
3627:
3622:. p. 292.
3612:
3608:
3601:
3578:
3574:
3564:
3562:
3547:
3543:
3533:
3531:
3516:
3512:
3502:
3500:
3472:
3468:
3464:, p. 1312.
3460:
3456:
3446:
3444:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3376:
3374:
3346:
3335:
3327:
3323:
3313:
3311:
3306:. p. 293.
3296:
3289:
3279:
3277:
3272:. p. 383.
3262:
3258:
3248:
3246:
3227:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3187:
3186:
3182:
3172:
3170:
3151:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3116:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3070:
3066:
3056:
3054:
3039:
3035:
3025:
3023:
2998:
2994:
2984:
2982:
2957:
2953:
2943:
2941:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2873:
2871:
2862:. pp. 10,
2852:
2848:
2838:
2836:
2811:
2807:
2797:
2795:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2749:
2748:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2691:
2689:
2664:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2632:
2631:
2627:
2617:
2615:
2592:
2591:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2547:
2545:
2522:
2521:
2517:
2509:
2482:
2472:
2470:
2447:
2446:
2442:
2432:
2430:
2417:
2416:
2405:
2395:
2393:
2370:
2369:
2365:
2355:
2353:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2317:
2316:
2309:
2299:
2297:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2269:
2267:
2239:
2235:
2225:
2223:
2198:
2194:
2184:
2182:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2146:
2142:
2138:, p. 1033.
2134:
2113:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2074:
2064:
2062:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2034:
2032:
2009:
2008:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1972:
1966:
1957:
1947:
1945:
1930:
1919:
1892:
1869:
1842:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1747:, p. 1032.
1743:
1724:
1714:
1712:
1699:
1698:
1679:
1669:
1667:
1654:
1653:
1640:
1630:
1628:
1603:
1599:
1591:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1555:
1554:
1550:
1540:
1538:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1474:
1470:
1469:
1465:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1384:
1364:
1356:Flava in Ya Ear
1278:
1250:John F. Kennedy
1194:
1189:
1169:
1168:
1167:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1010:
1009:
983:
982:
978:
976:
969:
966:
964:
957:
954:
952:
945:
942:
940:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
916:
913:
911:
904:
901:
899:
892:
889:
887:
880:
877:
875:
868:
865:
863:
856:
853:
851:
844:
841:
839:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
803:
799:
796:
789:
781:
773:
737:
684:
679:
634:
560:
519:
518:
517:
516:
515:
512:
504:
503:
500:
489:
427:
392:
318:
317:
316:
315:
312:
311:
308:
307:
306:
289:
288:
287:
284:
283:
280:
279:
278:
261:
260:
259:
256:
255:
252:
251:
250:
204:
167:
125:
123:
120:
119:March 1964
96:
94:
90:
87:
82:
79:
77:
75:
74:
62:
51:Steel structure
43:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5806:
5796:
5795:
5790:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5740:
5723:
5722:
5720:
5719:
5713:
5711:
5707:
5706:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5663:
5661:Flushing River
5658:
5652:
5650:
5646:
5645:
5643:
5642:
5637:
5632:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5618:
5617:
5616:
5600:
5598:
5594:
5593:
5590:
5589:
5587:
5586:
5576:
5565:
5563:
5559:
5558:
5556:
5555:
5554:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5540:Rocket Thrower
5533:
5528:
5526:Queens Theatre
5523:
5518:
5513:
5508:
5502:
5500:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5492:
5491:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5472:
5467:
5462:
5457:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5440:
5439:
5431:
5430:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5411:
5410:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5389:
5383:
5381:
5374:
5370:
5369:
5360:
5357:
5356:
5349:
5348:
5341:
5334:
5326:
5317:
5316:
5308:
5305:
5304:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5289:
5279:
5278:
5277:
5266:
5264:
5263:Transportation
5260:
5259:
5257:
5256:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5226:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5194:
5192:
5188:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5172:
5167:
5157:
5151:
5149:
5145:
5144:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5105:
5103:
5096:
5092:
5091:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5061:
5059:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4997:
4995:
4984:
4980:
4979:
4970:
4967:
4966:
4959:
4958:
4951:
4944:
4936:
4927:
4926:
4920:
4917:
4916:
4914:
4913:
4907:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4896:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4882:
4880:
4873:
4872:
4867:
4865:Rocket Thrower
4862:
4857:
4848:
4846:
4842:
4841:
4834:
4833:
4826:
4819:
4811:
4804:
4803:
4791:
4771:
4770:
4762:
4761:External links
4759:
4758:
4757:
4742:
4720:
4703:
4681:
4662:
4659:
4656:
4655:
4644:. p. 21.
4632:
4592:
4565:
4534:
4515:
4485:
4444:
4412:
4397:
4361:
4331:
4293:
4281:
4237:
4208:
4196:
4189:
4168:
4137:
4104:
4068:
4037:
4006:
3975:
3939:
3908:
3874:
3833:
3818:. p. 65.
3797:
3753:
3712:
3668:
3637:
3606:
3599:
3583:, ed. (2010).
3572:
3557:. p. 54.
3541:
3510:
3466:
3454:
3414:
3384:
3333:
3321:
3287:
3256:
3218:
3180:
3161:. pp. 9,
3145:
3105:
3064:
3049:. p. 21.
3033:
2992:
2951:
2921:
2881:
2846:
2805:
2765:
2739:
2699:
2655:
2625:
2585:
2555:
2515:
2480:
2440:
2403:
2363:
2333:
2307:
2277:
2233:
2192:
2152:
2140:
2111:
2072:
2042:
1997:
1955:
1917:
1867:
1848:. p. R1.
1821:
1785:
1749:
1722:
1677:
1638:
1597:
1578:
1548:
1503:
1463:
1421:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1390:
1383:
1380:
1363:
1360:
1297:Bloomingdale's
1277:
1274:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1156:
1149:
1140:
1131:
1122:
1113:
1110:Queens Theatre
1100:
1091:
1075:
1060:
1053:
1044:
1035:
1022:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1000:
993:
985:
984:
977:
970:
965:
958:
953:
946:
941:
934:
929:
924:
917:
912:
905:
900:
893:
888:
881:
876:
869:
864:
857:
852:
845:
840:
833:
828:
823:
816:
811:
804:
797:
790:
783:
782:
776:
775:
774:
772:
769:
736:
733:
683:
680:
678:
675:
633:
630:
559:
558:1960s to 1990s
556:
524:Gustave Eiffel
513:
506:
505:
501:
494:
493:
492:
491:
490:
488:
485:
426:
423:
391:
388:
320:
319:
309:
300:
299:
293:
292:
291:
290:
281:
272:
271:
265:
264:
263:
262:
253:
244:
243:
237:
236:
235:
234:
233:
230:
229:
226:
225:
222:
221:
218:
214:
213:
210:
206:
205:
200:
197:
196:
193:
192:
187:
186:Governing body
183:
182:
177:
173:
172:
161:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
138:
135:
131:
130:
117:
113:
112:
109:
105:
104:
72:
68:
67:
57:
53:
52:
49:
45:
44:
41:
33:
32:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5805:
5794:
5791:
5789:
5786:
5784:
5781:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5736:
5735:
5733:
5718:
5715:
5714:
5712:
5708:
5700:
5699:Willets Point
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5666:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5647:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5633:
5627:
5624:
5623:
5622:
5619:
5615:
5612:
5611:
5610:
5607:
5606:
5605:
5604:World's fairs
5602:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5584:
5580:
5577:
5574:
5570:
5567:
5566:
5564:
5560:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5541:
5537:
5536:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5503:
5501:
5497:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5466:
5465:Queens Museum
5463:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5438:
5435:
5434:
5432:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5414:
5412:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5394:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5367:
5366:New York City
5363:
5358:
5354:
5347:
5342:
5340:
5335:
5333:
5328:
5327:
5324:
5314:
5311:
5306:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5288:
5285:
5284:
5283:
5280:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5215:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5189:
5178:
5175:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5162:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5152:
5150:
5146:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5110:
5107:
5106:
5104:
5100:
5097:
5093:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5069:
5067:
5063:
5057:
5056:Weeping Beech
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4977:
4976:New York City
4973:
4968:
4964:
4957:
4952:
4950:
4945:
4943:
4938:
4937:
4934:
4923:
4918:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4906:
4902:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4855:
4854:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4839:
4832:
4827:
4825:
4820:
4818:
4813:
4812:
4809:
4802:
4801:New York City
4792:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4779:
4776:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4754:
4747:
4746:The Unisphere
4743:
4739:
4735:
4731:
4727:
4723:
4721:1-885254-02-4
4717:
4712:
4711:
4704:
4700:
4696:
4692:
4688:
4684:
4678:
4673:
4672:
4665:
4664:
4651:
4647:
4643:
4636:
4620:
4616:
4612:
4608:
4603:
4596:
4580:
4577:. Gothamist.
4576:
4569:
4553:
4549:
4545:
4538:
4530:
4526:
4519:
4503:
4499:
4495:
4489:
4473:
4469:
4465:
4461:
4456:
4448:
4432:
4428:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4408:
4401:
4382:
4378:
4371:
4365:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4335:
4316:
4312:
4305:
4304:
4297:
4290:
4285:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4241:
4225:
4221:
4220:
4212:
4205:
4200:
4192:
4186:
4182:
4175:
4173:
4156:
4152:
4148:
4141:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4092:
4088:
4084:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4041:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4010:
3994:
3990:
3986:
3979:
3963:
3959:
3955:
3948:
3946:
3944:
3927:
3923:
3919:
3912:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3881:
3879:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3837:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3806:
3804:
3802:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3762:Barron, James
3757:
3741:
3737:
3733:
3729:
3724:
3716:
3700:
3696:
3692:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3672:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3641:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3610:
3602:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3576:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3545:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3514:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3463:
3458:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3418:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3388:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3330:
3325:
3309:
3305:
3301:
3294:
3292:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3260:
3244:
3240:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3223:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3156:
3149:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3121:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3081:
3076:
3068:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3037:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3004:
2996:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2955:
2939:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2892:
2885:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2850:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2809:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2776:
2769:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2746:
2744:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2710:
2703:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2670:
2662:
2660:
2643:
2639:
2638:Place Matters
2635:
2629:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2596:
2589:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2559:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2507:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2485:
2468:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2451:
2444:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2374:
2367:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2312:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2242:Gopnik, Blake
2237:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2196:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2156:
2149:
2144:
2137:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2079:
2077:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2013:
2006:
2004:
2002:
1982:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1872:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1847:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1826:
1806:
1802:
1795:
1789:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1753:
1746:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1609:
1601:
1594:
1589:
1587:
1585:
1583:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1552:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1507:
1499:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1467:
1459:
1444:
1440:
1439:
1431:
1425:
1418:
1413:
1409:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1359:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1284:
1280:According to
1273:
1271:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1211:
1210:Western Union
1207:
1206:
1201:
1200:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1166:
1164:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1128:Queens Museum
1120:
1111:
1107:
1098:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1072:
1068:
1051:
1042:
1033:
1029:
1020:
1006:
1001:
999:
994:
992:
987:
986:
980:
974:
962:
950:
938:
921:
909:
897:
885:
873:
861:
849:
837:
820:
794:
787:
780:
768:
765:
762:
758:
754:
749:
741:
732:
728:
725:
724:geostationary
721:
717:
713:
709:
704:
702:
698:
688:
674:
671:
667:
661:
658:
653:
648:
638:
629:
626:
622:
618:
613:
610:
606:
605:Queens Museum
600:
598:
589:
585:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
555:
553:
549:
539:
535:
533:
529:
525:
510:
498:
484:
482:
477:
473:
469:
464:
462:
458:
453:
448:
444:
442:
438:
433:
422:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
387:
385:
381:
376:
374:
370:
366:
362:
359:commissioner
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
297:
269:
241:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
198:
194:
191:
188:
184:
181:
178:
174:
170:
165:
162:
158:
155:1993–94, 2010
154:
150:
147:
144:
140:
136:
132:
118:
114:
110:
106:
101:
73:
69:
65:
61:
58:
54:
50:
46:
39:
34:
29:
26:
22:
5679:Forest Hills
5656:Flushing Bay
5545:
5538:
5422:Shea Stadium
5309:
5124:Kissena Park
5102:Public parks
5076:
4921:
4859:
4853:Civic Virtue
4851:
4709:
4670:
4641:
4635:
4623:. Retrieved
4606:
4595:
4583:. Retrieved
4568:
4556:. Retrieved
4547:
4537:
4528:
4518:
4506:. Retrieved
4497:
4488:
4476:. Retrieved
4459:
4447:
4435:. Retrieved
4427:CBS New York
4426:
4406:
4400:
4388:. Retrieved
4376:
4364:
4352:. Retrieved
4343:
4334:
4324:November 12,
4322:. Retrieved
4302:
4296:
4284:
4272:. Retrieved
4255:
4240:
4228:. Retrieved
4218:
4211:
4206:, p. 6.
4199:
4180:
4159:. Retrieved
4155:the original
4150:
4140:
4128:. Retrieved
4119:
4095:. Retrieved
4086:
4059:. Retrieved
4050:
4040:
4028:. Retrieved
4019:
4009:
3997:. Retrieved
3988:
3978:
3966:. Retrieved
3957:
3930:. Retrieved
3921:
3911:
3899:. Retrieved
3890:
3865:. Retrieved
3848:
3836:
3824:. Retrieved
3815:
3788:. Retrieved
3771:
3756:
3744:. Retrieved
3727:
3715:
3703:. Retrieved
3686:
3671:
3646:
3640:
3628:. Retrieved
3619:
3609:
3584:
3575:
3563:. Retrieved
3554:
3544:
3532:. Retrieved
3523:
3513:
3501:. Retrieved
3484:
3475:Belluck, Pam
3469:
3457:
3445:. Retrieved
3428:
3417:
3405:. Retrieved
3396:
3387:
3375:. Retrieved
3358:
3331:, p. 5.
3324:
3312:. Retrieved
3303:
3278:. Retrieved
3269:
3259:
3247:. Retrieved
3234:
3209:. Retrieved
3192:
3183:
3171:. Retrieved
3158:
3148:
3136:. Retrieved
3123:
3096:. Retrieved
3079:
3067:
3055:. Retrieved
3046:
3036:
3024:. Retrieved
3007:
2995:
2983:. Retrieved
2966:
2954:
2942:. Retrieved
2933:
2924:
2912:. Retrieved
2895:
2884:
2872:. Retrieved
2859:
2849:
2837:. Retrieved
2820:
2808:
2796:. Retrieved
2779:
2768:
2751:
2730:. Retrieved
2713:
2702:
2690:. Retrieved
2673:
2646:. Retrieved
2642:the original
2637:
2628:
2616:. Retrieved
2599:
2588:
2576:. Retrieved
2567:
2558:
2546:. Retrieved
2529:
2518:
2513:, p. 4.
2471:. Retrieved
2454:
2443:
2431:. Retrieved
2422:
2394:. Retrieved
2377:
2366:
2356:November 13,
2354:. Retrieved
2345:
2336:
2319:
2300:November 13,
2298:. Retrieved
2289:
2280:
2268:. Retrieved
2251:
2236:
2224:. Retrieved
2207:
2195:
2183:. Retrieved
2166:
2155:
2143:
2102:. Retrieved
2090:
2063:. Retrieved
2054:
2045:
2033:. Retrieved
2016:
1988:. Retrieved
1976:
1946:. Retrieved
1937:
1895:
1845:
1812:. Retrieved
1800:
1788:
1776:. Retrieved
1764:
1752:
1713:. Retrieved
1668:. Retrieved
1659:
1629:. Retrieved
1612:
1600:
1595:, p. 3.
1569:. Retrieved
1551:
1539:. Retrieved
1512:
1506:
1496:– via
1490:. Retrieved
1478:
1466:
1456:– via
1450:. Retrieved
1436:
1424:
1419:, p. 1.
1412:
1365:
1343:Men in Black
1342:
1335:
1329:
1323:
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