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Union of Uzhhorod

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promise and pledge to him and to them every deserved distinction and obedience – insofar as his or their spiritual and ecclesiastical jurisdiction requires – with our faithfulness and oath mediating, having no one as our ordinary bishop apart from him named or those named as most illustrious or reverend bishop or bishops as long as we abide in his or their diocese. Moreover, we will attempt by no agreement without his or their consent, to undertake any sacred ordination for those dismissed, to change parishes, or to do anything which would contravene his jurisdiction. We pledge that we will have those (bishops) as our superiors, subordinates or8 suffragans, vicars or archdeacons, whom the aforementioned most illustrious and most reverend bishop or his successors will put forward, as our true and legitimate superiors, with our Christian faithfulness intervening. With a view to the greater steadfastness and force of this matter we have written this letter, confirmed by the signature of our hands and by a seal. Ungvar , April 24, 1646.
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obedientiam, quantum iurisdictio Sprualis et Ecclsca ipsius, uel eor requirit, fide etia ac iuramento mediante Promittimus et spondemus. Nullum etia pro Ordinario nro Eppo aliu praeter dictu, uel dictos Illm et Rm Eppm uel Eppos habentes, quam diu in eiusdem uel eorundem Dioecesi permanserimus. A nullo praeterea sine eiusdem, uel eorundem consensu, ratihabitione, dimissiorialibus Ordinem ullum Sacru suscipers Parochias mutars, uel quippiam agers, quod ipsius iurisdictioni contrauéniret atténtabimus. Eos etiam Superiores nostros Subordinatos sine Suffraganeos, Vicarios, siue Archidiaconos, quos id praefatus Illmus et Rms Eppus uel Successores nobis proposuerint, pro ueris et legitimis Superioribus habituros fide nostra Christiana interueniente spondemus. In cuius rei maiorem firmitatem ac robur has manus nrae subscriptione et Sigillo munitas lras dedimus. Vnguarini die 24 Apr. Anno 1646.
1795: 22: 102: 88: 337: 535:, and outside the reach of Habsburg control. Consequently, Bereg, Ugocsa, and Maramorosh counties would go on to practice Orthodox Christianity for almost a century.Some priests in the eastern counties of Bereg and Maramaros remained Orthodox until 1745. Thus, from 1646 until 1721, when the last Orthodox priests in the western counties accepted the Union, the Rusyns had two bishops, a new Greek Catholic bishop and the original Orthodox bishop. 2177: 435: 296:
We, the undersigned, declare in our names and those of our successors, that, recognizing the most illustrious and reverend master , Master George Jakusith etc., Bishop of Eger, and his legitimate successors in the See of Eger, for our true and legitimate bishops – ordinary, prelate, and diocesan –
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Nos infra scripti, nostro et Successoru nostroru nomine fatemur, quod nos Illm et Rm D. D. Georgium Jakusith etc Eppu Agrien etc eiusq Legitimos Successores in Eppatu Agrien, pro ueris et legitimis nostris Eppis, Ordinarijs, Praelatis, et Dioecesanis agnoscentes, ei uel ijs omnem debitum honorem et
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Sometime after its creation at least one copy of the Union entered the Drugeth family private archives located in Humenné, Slovakia, where it was ultimately forgotten. Until it was rediscovered in 2016, academics had debated the actual date of union, whether a document had been signed, and even
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traveled to Munkacs (then within the neighboring Principality of Transylvania) to announce a union with the Catholich Church, though this never formally materialized. A second attempt in Hungary in the 1630s under also failed, though Tarasovych personally accepted union in May, 1642 at
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The document discovered in 2016 is only a single sheet of paper, front and back. The front of the page consists of a half-page of Latin text, detailing the terms of Union, and a half-page of signatures from various priests; the back of the page solely includes further signatures.
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An original copy of the Union was discovered in May 2016, a half page in length followed by a page and a half of signatures of the local priests seeking full communion with the local Catholic Church. The Union is again documented in a petition dated January 16, 1652 in which six
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made on April 24, 1646. Until rediscovery of its founding document in 2016, academics had debated the actual date of union, whether a document had been signed, and even whether the Union of Uzhhorod had even transpired at all.
378:, as on the Polish side, the Orthodox Church had been the only church for the more than 600 years since Eastern Christians Slavs had first arrived in the Carpathians. However, under the governance of the 722: 557:
The new church was given greater material assistance from the Habsburg monarchy while still being allowed to preserve their Eastern Rite traditions, including married priests. Furthermore, the new "
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with requisite feudal duties. To improve their conditions, some Orthodox priests wished to form a new church under the Catholic church. Simultaneously, "Roman Catholic magnates lead by the
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itself. Though seemingly substantial, the 63 signatories of the Union effectively made up about only ten percent of all priests in the Orthodox
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of Przemyśl brought news of the Union to the region, he subsequently began administration of the first "united" parishes within Royal Hungary.
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authorities "revoked" the Union, creating the Orthodox Eparchy of Mukachiv-Uzhhorod, under the Patriarch of Moscow. But in the late 1980s the
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Initially, the Union only included lands owned or administered by the noble Drugeth family; essentially, most of the modern-day
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As of 2016, it was unknown whether the document of the Union found was the only copy, or if there were originally multiple.
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was able to convene a meeting of 63 (out of a few hundred) priests who would pledge their allegiance to the Pope of Rome.
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throughout Ukraine, Slovakia, Hungary, and Romania through subsequent agreements. The modern result of this union is the
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Monastery with this intent, but a crowd of Orthodox protested and dispersed the group. Later that same year, Bishop
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in the state archive in Prešov. Originally, the document was part of the Drugeth family private archives located in
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himself. The half-page document (and page-and-a-half of signatures) produced that day in the presence of the
1968: 1943: 1595: 1535: 2259: 1926: 1883: 1843: 1819: 1726: 1097: 1036:"Počiatky rekatolizácie na východnom Slovensku (The Beginning of re-Catholicization in Eastern Slovakia)" 1824: 1731: 1716: 1438: 1312: 94:
The front and reverse of the Union of Uzhhorod containing the document text and signatures of priests.
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was finally re-established in Transcarpathia, following the easing of Soviet religious persecution.
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EWTN: Apostolic Letter of Pope John Paul II on The 350th Anniversary of the Union of Uzhhorod
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was at the mercy of the Hungarian lords. As Orthodox clergy, their status became that of
943:"He discovered a 370-year document: It's the "baptismal certificate" of Greek Catholics" 531:: the eastern counties within the Eparchy were subjects of the anti-Catholic, Calvinist 2057: 1878: 1848: 1762: 1655: 1465: 1206: 994: 492: 379: 360:. In fact, several parishes of northeastern Hungary fell under the jurisdiction of the 2229: 2143: 1953: 1419: 1388: 1258: 1246: 1052: 1001: 980: 887: 831: 792: 691: 500: 468:
into the Roman Catholic Church of the clergy present. In any case, the 1646 document
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With Their Backs to the Mountains: A History of Carpathian Rus' and Carpatho-Rusyns
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along with peasants, while Catholic clergy were exempt. Even the Bishop of
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Ludvik Nemec, The Ruthenian Uniate Church in Its Historical Perspective,
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On April 24, 1646, the 63 priests from Drugeth-owned estates convened at
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The terms outlined within the document are similar those of the 1596
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Grados, Juraj (2016). Magocsi, Paul R.; Galadza, Paul (eds.).
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Eastern Orthodox – Roman Catholic ecclesiastical differences
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whether the Union of Uzhhorod had even transpired at all.
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The Union of Uzhhorod was not the first union between the
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Eastern Orthodox – Roman Catholic theological differences
830:. Budapest-New York: Central European University Press. 690:(in Slovak) (2). Presov: University of Presov: 229–241. 268:
of Royal Hungary. However, it eventually grew to govern
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Byzantine Rite Rusins in Carpatho-Ruthenia and America
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The Krasny Brod Monastery, site of the 1614 meeting
220: 1027:, Vol. 37, No. 4. (Dec., 1968), pp. 365–388. 1019:. Pittsburgh: Byzantine Seminary Press. ISBN none. 993: 542:While the Union was later approved in 1648 by the 418:, Austria before Emperor Ferdinand II and Bishop 2201: 866: 864: 862: 860: 858: 438:A postcard from 1914 depicting Uzhhorod Castle 1623: 1098: 880:Logos: A Journal of Eastern Christian Studies 816: 814: 812: 810: 808: 806: 673: 671: 669: 667: 665: 663: 716: 714: 712: 661: 659: 657: 655: 653: 651: 649: 647: 645: 643: 308:As of 2016, the document was located in the 855: 589:to confirm Petro Parfenii as the bishop of 405:First, in 1614, 50 priests convened at the 2185: 1630: 1616: 1264:American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Diocese 1105: 1091: 992:Magocsi, Paul Robert and Ivan Pop (2005). 803: 996:Encyclopedia of Rusyn History and Culture 769: 709: 640: 66:Learn how and when to remove this message 1637: 1000:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 433: 335: 100: 86: 29:This article includes a list of general 1050: 911: 820: 2202: 963: 870: 775: 744: 720: 677: 1611: 1086: 554:) did the Union extend to the East. 2196:. New York: Robert Appleton Company. 1033: 352:clergy. It was preceded by the 1595 15: 13: 2235:History of Christianity in Ukraine 2186:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). " 929:The Rusyns - An East Slavic People 926: 618:History of Christianity in Ukraine 35:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 2276: 1112: 1071: 472:the process of union between the 422:. Finally, in April 1646, Bishop 2245:17th-century Eastern Catholicism 2175: 1793: 1531:Twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper 1404:West Ukrainian People's Republic 301:— Union of Uzhhorod, 1646 20: 1949:Christianization of Kievan Rus' 1741:Independent Churches/Communions 1252:Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church 844:from the original on 2020-12-08 613:Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church 608:Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church 570:Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church 482:Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church 279: 274:Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church 122:31.5 centimetres (12.4 in) 2250:17th-century Eastern Orthodoxy 2225:History of Eastern Catholicism 1973:Moscow–Constantinople schisms 935: 920: 905: 575: 262:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 130:19.5 centimetres (7.7 in) 1: 1341:Rákóczi's War of Independence 633: 374:On the Hungarian side of the 331: 310:Drugeth of Humenné Collection 172:Drugeth of Humenné Collection 2123:Essence–energies distinction 1944:Christianization of Bulgaria 1536:Alexander Dukhnovych Theater 1034:Tóth, István György (2002). 1015:Warzeski, Walter C. (1971). 914:Gens fidelissima: The Rusyns 745:Rábara, Pavol (2016-05-10). 721:Rábara, Pavol (2016-05-10). 533:Principality of Transylvania 238:Principality of Transylvania 221: 7: 1927:Antiochian Greek Christians 1825:Christianization of Georgia 1820:Christianization of Armenia 1727:Assyrian Church of the East 1303:Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia 1060:Eastern Theological Journal 753:(in Slovak). Archived from 596: 10: 2281: 1977:15th–16th centuries schism 1901:Oriental Orthodox Churches 1732:Ancient Church of the East 1717:Oriental Orthodox Churches 1313:Saints Cyril and Methodius 957: 429: 236:(then divided between the 213: 2255:Conversion to Catholicism 2136: 2040: 1999: 1810: 1791: 1771: 1740: 1722:Eastern Catholic Churches 1702: 1691: 1645: 1590: 1549: 1516: 1495: 1446: 1437: 1412: 1364:Thalerhof internment camp 1349: 1321: 1283: 1274: 1237: 1179: 1130: 1121: 446:on invitation from Count 192: 184: 166: 150: 142: 134: 126: 118: 110: 99: 85: 80: 1503:World Congress of Rusyns 912:Benedek, Andras (2001). 460:came to be known as the 225:), was a decision by 63 2220:17th century in Ukraine 2215:Ruthenian Uniate Church 1959:Eastern Orthodox Church 1913:Saint Thomas Christians 1712:Eastern Orthodox Church 1051:Véghseő, Tamás (2015). 973:Acta Poloniae Historica 964:Litwin, Henryk (1987). 785:Acta Poloniae Historica 776:Litwin, Henryk (1987). 175:State Archive of Prešov 50:more precise citations. 1758:True Orthodox churches 1753:Spiritual Christianity 1508:Carpatho-Rusyn Society 678:Grados, Juraj (2016). 439: 341: 105: 91: 2193:Catholic Encyclopedia 1781:Eastern Protestantism 1654:that developed since 474:Roman Catholic Church 437: 346:Roman Catholic Church 339: 324:in 1952, and finally 104: 90: 2240:1646 in Christianity 1906:Council of Chalcedon 1652:Christian traditions 1639:Eastern Christianity 1557:Alexander Dukhnovych 1483:Carpathian Mountains 1369:Galician Russophilia 1359:Alexander Dukhnovych 376:Carpathian Mountains 234:Eparchy of Mukachevo 114:"contemporary paper" 1682:, and parts of the 1567:Paul Robert Magocsi 591:Munkács (Mukachevo) 369:Athanasius Krupecki 367:and so when Bishop 365:Eparchy of Przemyśl 2260:Kingdom of Hungary 1879:Church of the East 1849:Ecumenical council 1800:Christ Pantocrator 1656:Early Christianity 1596:WikiProject Rusyns 1466:Zakarpattia Oblast 1207:Ruthenian language 1040:Historický časopis 529:Eparchy of Munkács 523:, and the city of 493:Zakarpattia Oblast 478:Eparchy of Munkács 440: 380:Kingdom of Hungary 342: 106: 92: 2172: 2171: 2144:Sign of the cross 1954:Turkic Christians 1789: 1788: 1605: 1604: 1582:Gregory Žatkovich 1491: 1490: 1478:Vojvodina, Serbia 1433: 1432: 1420:Operation Vistula 1389:Komancza Republic 1336:Union of Uzhhorod 1259:Eastern Orthodoxy 1247:Greek Catholicism 1175: 1174: 462:Union of Uzhhorod 384:Habsburg monarchy 358:Kingdom of Poland 270:Eastern Catholics 246:Habsburg monarchy 222:Uzhhorodska uniia 219: 206:Union of Uzhhorod 202: 201: 81:Union of Uzhhorod 76: 75: 68: 2272: 2197: 2179: 2178: 1964:East–West Schism 1917:Malankara Church 1834:Byzantine Empire 1802:(circa 1261) in 1797: 1700: 1699: 1632: 1625: 1618: 1609: 1608: 1562:Adolf Dobriansky 1471:Maramureș County 1444: 1443: 1384:Carpatho-Ukraine 1308:East–West Schism 1281: 1280: 1155:Pannonian Rusyns 1128: 1127: 1107: 1100: 1093: 1084: 1083: 1067: 1057: 1047: 1020: 1011: 999: 988: 970: 951: 950: 939: 933: 932: 927:Udvari, Istvan. 924: 918: 917: 909: 903: 902: 900: 898: 877: 868: 853: 852: 850: 849: 822:Magocsi, Paul R. 818: 801: 800: 782: 773: 767: 766: 764: 762: 742: 740: 738: 718: 707: 706: 704: 702: 685: 675: 411:Vasyl Tarasovych 350:Eastern Orthodox 224: 218:romanized:  217: 215: 214:Ужгородьска унія 78: 77: 71: 64: 60: 57: 51: 46:this article by 37:inline citations 24: 23: 16: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2274: 2273: 2271: 2270: 2269: 2200: 2199: 2176: 2173: 2168: 2132: 2063:Filioque clause 2036: 1995: 1922:Arab Christians 1844:Proto-orthodoxy 1806: 1798: 1785: 1767: 1736: 1694: 1687: 1641: 1636: 1606: 1601: 1600: 1586: 1550:Notable figures 1545: 1512: 1487: 1451:Carpathian Rus' 1429: 1408: 1345: 1317: 1270: 1233: 1217:Old East Slavic 1212:Church Slavonic 1199:Cyrillic script 1194:Pannonian Rusyn 1171: 1165:Rusyn Americans 1117: 1111: 1074: 1055: 1008: 968: 960: 955: 954: 941: 940: 936: 925: 921: 910: 906: 896: 894: 875: 869: 856: 847: 845: 838: 819: 804: 780: 774: 770: 760: 758: 743: 736: 734: 719: 710: 700: 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Budapest. 576:Rediscovery 519:, parts of 515:, northern 497:Abov County 407:Krasny Brod 48:introducing 2204:Categories 2188:Ruthenians 2164:Omophorion 2159:Asceticism 2113:Hypostasis 2098:Philokalia 2027:Septuagint 2000:Scriptures 1937:Ghassanids 1872:Bogomilism 1862:Iconoclasm 1763:Tolstoyans 1704:Communions 1676:Asia Minor 947:Medium.com 848:2019-03-22 634:References 521:Ung County 332:Background 167:Discovered 31:references 2108:Theotokos 2048:Hesychasm 1853:Heresies 1695:divisions 1456:Lemkovyna 1439:Geography 1223:Literary 1140:Dolinyans 1029:JStor.org 985:0001-6829 979:: 57–83. 892:0024-5895 797:0001-6829 791:: 57–83. 696:1335-5570 688:Theologos 585:petition 583:archdeans 564:In 1949, 552:Mukachevo 470:initiated 416:Laxenburg 392:Mukachevo 328:in 1957. 260:from the 227:Ruthenian 197:Ruthenian 56:June 2011 2230:Uzhhorod 2093:Phronema 2041:Theology 2032:Peshitta 1684:Far East 1239:Religion 1227:Iazychie 1181:Language 1160:Diaspora 897:17 March 842:Archived 824:(2015). 761:16 March 737:16 March 701:17 March 597:See also 525:Uzhhorod 476:and the 388:enserfed 362:historic 318:Slovakia 231:Orthodox 179:Slovakia 157:Uzhhorod 111:Material 2184::  2137:Worship 2088:Theoria 2083:Theosis 1932:Melkite 1894:Mongols 1812:History 1658:in the 1541:Pysanky 1517:Culture 1276:History 1145:Hutsuls 1123:Peoples 958:Sources 587:Vatican 430:History 396:vassals 356:in the 314:Humenné 244:of the 193:Culture 151:Created 143:Symbols 135:Writing 44:improve 2103:Praxis 1969:Raskol 1150:Lemkos 1135:Boykos 1116:topics 1114:Rusyns 1004:  983:  890:  834:  795:  727:Medium 694:  566:Soviet 559:Uniate 548:Tyrnov 326:Prešov 322:Levoča 119:Height 33:, but 2118:Ousia 2007:Canon 1889:India 1884:China 1839:Copts 1693:Main 1668:North 1056:(PDF) 969:(PDF) 876:(PDF) 781:(PDF) 684:(PDF) 544:Synod 210:Rusyn 146:Latin 138:Latin 127:Width 2053:Icon 1670:and 1002:ISBN 981:ISSN 899:2022 888:ISSN 832:ISBN 793:ISSN 763:2022 739:2022 703:2022 692:ISSN 348:and 240:and 204:The 170:2016 2190:". 1650:of 546:in 2206:: 1678:, 1674:, 1666:, 1662:, 1062:. 1058:. 1044:50 1042:. 1038:. 977:55 975:. 971:. 945:. 884:57 882:. 878:. 857:^ 840:. 805:^ 789:55 787:. 783:. 749:. 711:^ 686:. 642:^ 593:. 511:, 507:, 503:, 499:, 495:: 484:. 316:, 276:. 216:, 212:: 177:, 159:, 1915:/ 1832:/ 1686:. 1631:e 1624:t 1617:v 1106:e 1099:t 1092:v 1064:1 1010:. 987:. 901:. 851:. 799:. 765:. 741:. 705:. 208:( 69:) 63:( 58:) 54:( 40:.

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The front of the Union of Uzhhorod containing the document text and signatures of priests.
The reverse side of the Union containing only signatures.
Uzhhorod
Royal Hungary
State Archive of Prešov
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Ruthenian
Rusyn
Ruthenian
Orthodox
Eparchy of Mukachevo
Principality of Transylvania
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