Knowledge

Underscore

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1124:. In HTML5, the tag reappeared but its meaning was changed significantly: it now "represents a span of inline text which should be rendered in a way that indicates that it has a non-textual annotation". This facility is intended for example to provide a red wavy line (or wiggly line) underline to flag spelling errors at input time but which are not to be embedded in any stored file (unlike an emphasis mark, which would be). Other styles are also available: doubled, dotted, and dashed. 4321: 225: 199: 1594:
Spacing Overscores and Underscores. U+203E OVERLINE is the above-the-line counterpart to U+005F low line. It is a spacing character, not to be confused with U+0305 COMBINING OVERLINE. As with all overscores and underscores, a sequence of these characters should connect in an unbroken line. The
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implemented and in most cases it usually is (for example, Windows+Firefox, ChromeOS+Chrome). However, it has been observed that the Chrome Browser on at least some releases of Android fails to do so correctly and the line is broken. This is an implementation error.
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A series of underscores (like __________ ) may be used to reserve a blank space in text that is later to be filled in by hand, such as on a paper form. It is also sometimes used to create a horizontal line; other symbols with similar
1417:", used for personal and geographic names). Its meaning is somewhat akin to capitalization in English and should never be used for emphasis even if the influence of English computing makes the latter sometimes occur. A wavy underline ( 1646: 577: 824:
by underlining them (and usually changing their color), but both users and websites can change the settings to make some or all hyperlinks appear differently (or even without distinction from normal text).
584:. Similar to vectors, underscored variable names can indicate a complex-valued variable, especially if the real-valued variable name is reused to indicate the complex variable. For instance, in optics, 728: 677: 368:), is similar to the combining low line but is shorter. The difference between "macron below" and "low line" is that the latter results in an unbroken underline when it is run together: compare 1286:
where emphasis markup is not possible, the desired emphasis is often indicated by surrounding words with underscore characters. For example, "You must use _emulsion_ paint on the ceiling".
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In the case of two or more adjacent proper names, each individual proper name is separately underlined so there should be a slight gap between the underlining of each proper name.
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character-coding system, introduced in 1964, added the underscore, which IBM referred to as the "break character". IBM's report on NPL (the early name of what is now called
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Don't underline. Ever. It's ugly and it makes text harder to read. Underlining is another dreary typewriter habit... a workaround for shortcomings in typewriter technology.
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score) for magic members used for purposes such as operator overloading and reflection, and names starting but not ending with a double underscore to denote private
977:). By convention, members starting with a single underscore are considered private or protected, although this behavior only has inherent effect for modules, where 778: 602: 220:
that was typewritten was to back up the carriage and type underscores beneath the text. Underlining was a workaround for shortcomings in typewriter technology.
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even though those provide keywords to indicate that members are private. It is extensively used to hide variables and functions used for implementations in
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software. The free-standing underscore character is used to indicate word boundaries in situations where spaces are not allowed, such as in computer
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at U+005F, inherited from ASCII, which is a legacy of the typewriter practice of underlining using backspace and overtype. Modern practice uses the
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On Decision Making under Interval Uncertainty: A New Justification of Hurwicz Optimism-Pessimism Approach and its Use in Group Decision Making
4280: 1139:(TEI) provides an extensive selection of related elements for marking editorial activity (insertion, deletion, correction, addition, etc.). 2121: 884:
Underscore predates the existence of lower-case letters in many systems, so often it had to be used to make multi-word identifiers, since
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statements by default import all names that do not start with an underscore, unless an export list is explicitly defined by the module.
1579: 1881: 1437:: shūmínghào; literally, "book title mark") serves a similar function, but marks names of literary works instead of proper names. 2582: 1595:
overscoring characters also must be distinguished from U+0304 COMBINING MACRON, which does not connect horizontally in this way.
684: 1530: 845:) could not produce more than one character at a location, it was not possible to underscore text, so early encodings such as 1573: 635: 1821: 1335:
Depending on local conventions, the following kinds of underlines may be used inline on manuscripts to indicate the special
3350: 923:, all private properties of classes must start with an underscore; this usage is also common in other languages such as 896:
Underscores inserted between letters are very common to make a "multi-word" identifier in languages that cannot handle
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in a manner which prevents them from colliding with members of derived classes unless the classes have the same name (
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triple underline for FULL CAPITAL LETTERS (used among small caps or to change text already typed as lower case).
4355: 1426: 1402: 1330: 1056: 874: 323: 257: 4275: 1418: 1394: 1060: 997: 946: 931:. In fact, the use of a single underscore for this became so common that C compilers had to standardize on a 1233:
a̲̲b̲̲c̲̲d̲̲e̲̲f̲̲g̲̲h̲̲i̲̲j̲̲k̲̲l̲̲m̲̲n̲̲o̲̲p̲̲q̲̲r̲̲s̲̲t̲̲u̲̲v̲̲w̲̲x̲̲y̲̲z̲̲0̲̲1̲̲2̲̲3̲̲4̲̲5̲̲6̲̲7̲̲8̲̲9̲̲
4160: 4122: 3290: 1727: 1708:. ISMVL 2009, 39th International Symposium on Multiple-Valued Logic, 21–23 May 2009. Naha, Okinawa, Japan. 1048: 993: 203: 1992: 4306: 3375: 3013: 2107: 2055: 1001: 920: 629: 20: 3886: 1641:[Writing masculine and feminine forms and using the underline to express "gender non-binary"]. 733: 3532: 2099: 1968: 783: 1859: 1803: 4290: 4107: 3778: 3715: 3420: 3343: 1136: 878: 425: 315: 2046:
Tung, Bobby; Chen, Yijun; Eric, Liu; Hui Jing, Chen; Zhengyu, Qian; Fuqiao, Xue; Richard, Ishida.
1106: 452: 400:) were therefore conventionally used to indicate that text should be set in special type such as 249: 3735: 3458: 1188: 1025: 861:) leaves the character set undefined, but specifically mentions the break character, and gives 1938: 949:
uses names that both start and end with double underscores (so called "dunder methods", as in
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to text manually bracketed by underscores, either by underlining or by italicizing it (e.g.
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so that underscores could be typed. To produce an underscored word, the word was typed, the
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is often used to indicate an internal implementation that is not considered part of the
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The underscore is also used in modern editions of Spanish vocal sheet music to indicate
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that results in an underline when run together: u̲n̲d̲e̲r̲l̲i̲n̲e̲. Unicode also has
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In mathematical notations, underscores are sometimes used in the following contexts:
881:, developed at Bell Labs in the early 1970s, allowed the underscore in identifiers. 4079: 4032: 3871: 3818: 3679: 3489: 3043: 2964: 2888: 2548: 1709: 1414: 1390: 1064: 1036: 838: 478: 448: 444: 1522: 939:) for actual built-in variables to avoid conflicts with the ones in header files. 4215: 4102: 4097: 4017: 3985: 3876: 3613: 3415: 3274: 3216: 2831: 1828: 1699:
Huynh, Van-Name; Nakamori, Yoshiteru; Hu, Chenyi; Kreinovich, Vladik (May 2009).
1318: 1128: 1017: 958: 440: 303: 295: 1700: 1672: 1568:. Version 11.0.0. Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium. 2018. p. 273. 4220: 4165: 4042: 3845: 3669: 3623: 3557: 3527: 3395: 3078: 2256: 1817: 581: 417: 1262:
A̲̲B̲̲C̲̲D̲̲E̲̲F̲̲G̲̲H̲̲I̲̲J̲̲K̲̲L̲̲M̲̲N̲̲O̲̲P̲̲Q̲̲R̲̲S̲̲T̲̲U̲̲V̲̲W̲̲X̲̲Y̲̲Z̲̲
846: 608:. When the refractive index has a wavelength-dependent extinction coefficient 4339: 4012: 3980: 3970: 3850: 3166: 2786: 2714: 2533: 2510: 1772: 1469: 1459: 1314: 962: 311: 260:. Its use to add emphasis in modern finished documents is generally avoided. 4270: 4150: 4037: 4022: 3992: 3952: 3935: 3689: 3659: 3633: 3542: 3385: 3367: 3251: 2911: 2669: 2468: 1072: 842: 451:, the underscore has recently gained prominence as the punctuation to form 365: 351: 241: 125: 2983: 2729: 1713: 4265: 4260: 4253: 4243: 4057: 4007: 3962: 3902: 3866: 3837: 3825: 3805: 3628: 3580: 3448: 2699: 2635: 2620: 2563: 2131: 1084: 1044: 928: 834: 817: 459: 409: 401: 355: 327: 245: 212: 1217:
a̲b̲c̲d̲e̲f̲g̲h̲i̲j̲k̲l̲m̲n̲o̲p̲q̲r̲s̲t̲u̲v̲w̲x̲y̲z̲0̲1̲2̲3̲4̲5̲6̲7̲8̲9̲
4238: 4052: 3942: 3795: 3788: 3765: 3720: 3684: 3595: 3590: 3585: 3570: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3359: 3139: 2941: 2233: 2135: 1279: 1113: 912: 901: 866: 850: 413: 389: 288: 280: 2129: 1993:"Proofreading Marks Chart -Some of the Most Common Proofreading Marks" 3730: 3725: 3502: 3430: 3279: 3097: 2684: 2354: 2294: 2271: 2199: 1677: 1187:. In addition, there are single line and double line versions of the 1132: 905: 885: 821: 421: 1393:, the underline is a little-used punctuation mark for proper names ( 984:
A variable named with just an underscore often has special meaning.
4203: 4062: 3881: 3754: 3740: 3565: 3517: 3197: 2384: 2369: 2082:"Ngram Viewer: comparison of usage of 'underscore' and 'underline'" 1961: 1464: 1449: 1336: 572:{\displaystyle {\underline {v}}=\mathbf {v} =\left^{\mathbf {T} }.} 307: 4027: 3813: 3664: 3575: 3507: 3443: 3235: 3124: 2309: 1273: 1147: 1029: 919:
and should not be called by code outside that implementation. In
908:, where capital letters are used to show where the words start). 393: 326:, to indicate that text should be underscored or italicised when 42: 3930: 3547: 2445: 2214: 2047: 1909: 1434: 1410: 1283: 1040: 865:
as an example identifier. By 1967 the underscore had spread to
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was moved back to the beginning of the word, and the word was
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double underline of one straight line and one wavy line for
428:(font size). Underlining may still be seen in display work. 202:
Underlining was developed for mechanical machines like this
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Underline (typically red or wavy or both) is often used by
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that was originally used to underline text; this usage was
1009: 1005: 943:"reserves all function names starting with __ as magical." 858: 244:, underscoring is a convention that says "set this text in 1736: 1698: 1117: 940: 723:{\displaystyle {\underline {x}}<x<{\overline {x}},} 1083:
The ASCII underscore character can be inserted with the
1032:, it indicates an argument whose value will be ignored. 869:, replacing the similarly shaped left-arrow character, 672:{\displaystyle {\underline {n}}=n+\mathrm {i} \kappa .} 1553: 1551: 416:
often used instead, or (especially in headings) using
786: 763: 736: 687: 638: 614: 590: 504: 1321:) to denote misspelled or otherwise incorrect text. 1246:
A̲B̲C̲D̲E̲F̲G̲H̲I̲J̲K̲L̲M̲N̲O̲P̲Q̲R̲S̲T̲U̲V̲W̲X̲Y̲Z̲
483:), which is less convenient to input on a computer. 1667: 1661: 1548: 1191:, a diacritic that applies to single letters only. 799: 772: 749: 722: 671: 620: 596: 571: 455:in gendered nouns and other parts of the speech. 294:In modern usage, underscoring is achieved with a 4337: 1308: 1349:, 'let it stand', proof-reading mark cancelled. 4281:Intellectual property protection of typefaces 3344: 2115: 1766:"The Evolution of Character Codes, 1874-1968" 900:in identifiers. This convention is known as " 3823: 240:is a line drawn under a segment of text. In 1902: 1516: 1514: 1512: 1510: 1344: 911:An underscore as the first character in an 3351: 3337: 2122: 2108: 1933: 1931: 1816: 992:is the previous command or result in many 891: 542: 4307:Punctuation and other typographic symbols 1520: 1289:Some applications will automatically add 1078: 820:, default settings typically distinguish 3268:Version of this table as a sortable list 1507: 1384: 1071:matches any value, but does not perform 223: 197: 1928: 191:PRESENTATION FORM FOR VERTICAL LOW LINE 4338: 2048:"Requirements for Chinese Text Layout" 904:" (the other popular method is called 3332: 2103: 2023:Writers' & Artists' Yearbook 2020 1668: 1533:from the original on 23 November 2020 1127:The elements may also exist in other 811: 3120: ⟨ ⟩  2003:from the original on 6 November 2020 1969:"CSS text-decoration-style property" 1949:from the original on 13 January 2021 1884:from the original on August 30, 2004 1649:from the original on 1 December 2022 1606: 1274:"Simulated" underlines in plain-text 1237:abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789 1221:abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789 396:, various forms of underlining (see 1763: 1488:This text describes how 'low line' 1282:applications, including plain-text 13: 2058:from the original on 19 April 2016 1619:from the original on 21 March 2023 659: 376:(only the latter should look like 16:Typographic symbol (_) (underline) 14: 4367: 2074: 935:leading underscore (for instance 4320: 4319: 2025:. Bloomsbury. 5 September 2019. 1195:Underlining methods and results 750:{\displaystyle {\underline {x}}} 560: 519: 397: 2052:World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) 2039: 2015: 1985: 1917:from the original on 2021-01-12 1896: 1866: 1810: 1746:from the original on 2008-11-20 1585:from the original on 2018-12-21 1294: 1150:has a free-standing underscore 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 978: 974: 970: 966: 888:(see below) was not available. 862: 800:{\displaystyle {\overline {x}}} 404:, part of a procedure known as 331: 319: 291:with the underscore character. 228:Underscored or underlined text. 3358: 1973:W3Schools Online Web Tutorials 1757: 1720: 1692: 1631: 1600: 1482: 1430: 1422: 1406: 1398: 1364:double straight underline for 1352:single straight underline for 1324: 486: 178:DISCONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL 1: 4276:History of Western typography 1997:graphic-design-employment.com 1523:"Underlining: absolutely not" 1500: 1309:As a marker for incorrectness 604:is often used for a medium's 383: 302:or as a standard facility of 279:, originally appeared on the 4123:traditional point-size names 1343:single dashed underline for 1122:{text-decoration: underline} 792: 712: 345: 7: 3376:Canons of page construction 1521:Butterick, Matthew (2013). 1443: 1413:: zhuānmínghào; literally " 1331:List of proofreader's marks 961:of classes which should be 630:complex index of refraction 165:CONTINUOUS UNDERLINE SYMBOL 21:Underscore (disambiguation) 10: 4372: 2583:inverted ! and ? 2045: 1358:single wavy underline for 1328: 1142: 849:and the first versions of 828: 349: 258:instruction to the printer 18: 4315: 4299: 4231: 4184: 4138: 4078: 3961: 3901: 3859: 3836: 3804: 3764: 3753: 3698: 3652: 3604: 3556: 3533:Subscript and superscript 3488: 3479: 3429: 3366: 3263: 3151: 3055: 2999:sound recording copyright 2953: 2858: 2741: 2609: 2522: 2457: 2283: 2143: 1905:"The Clojure Style Guide" 1559:"6.2 General Punctuation" 1266:ABCDEFGHIJKLMOPQRTSUVWXYZ 1250:ABCDEFGHIJKLMOPQRTSUVWXYZ 1203:Using combining diacritic 1185:COMBINING DOUBLE LOW LINE 1116:in HTML4 in favor of the 853:had no underscore. IBM's 833:As early output devices ( 360:The combining diacritic, 248:", traditionally used on 138: 133: 110: 105: 89: 82: 77: 40: 33: 28: 4291:Vox-ATypI classification 3421:Intentionally blank page 1475: 1137:Text Encoding Initiative 1020:variable that holds the 681:minimum bound. Example: 1643:Jezikovna svetovalnica 1527:practicaltypography.com 1079:HTML <u> and CSS 1035:In some languages with 892:Programming conventions 621:{\displaystyle \kappa } 453:gender-neutral suffixes 3824: 3116: { }  3108: ( )  3093: « »  3089: ‹ ›  3074: " "  3070: ' '  3066: “ ”  3062: ‘ ’  1854:Cite journal requires 1798:Cite journal requires 1645:(in Slovenian). 2017. 1345: 1189:combining macron below 1107:presentational element 801: 774: 757:is the lower bound of 751: 724: 673: 622: 598: 573: 392:(or typescript) to be 229: 221: 127:COMBINING MACRON BELOW 4356:Typographical symbols 1714:10.1109/ISMVL.2009.65 1385:Underlines in Chinese 1297:may render as either 1206:Using html span style 802: 775: 752: 725: 674: 632:is sometimes notated 623: 599: 574: 480:COMBINING BREVE BELOW 334:is to be rendered as 322:. It is also used as 227: 201: 4161:Typographic features 3313:Japanese punctuation 3014:registered trademark 2899: |  2757:plus and minus signs 2150:    1822:"C Reference Manual" 1739:. 1964. p. 23. 1729:NPL Technical Report 1566:The Unicode Standard 784: 761: 734: 685: 636: 612: 588: 502: 324:a proofreader's mark 265:underscore character 204:underwood typewriter 19:For other uses, see 4286:Technical lettering 4185:Typography in other 3926:Hanging punctuation 3303:Chinese punctuation 3029:service mark symbol 2772:multiplication sign 2290: &  1880:. August 28, 2004. 1427:traditional Chinese 1403:traditional Chinese 1209:Using macron below 1196: 1156:combining diacritic 996:, such as those of 973:will be mangled to 807:is the upper bound. 606:index of refraction 298:, with the Unicode 285:typewriter carriage 263:The (freestanding) 4249:Handwriting script 4176:Desktop publishing 4146:Character encoding 4139:Digital typography 3653:Horizontal aspects 3606:Visual distinction 3464:Widows and orphans 3318:Korean punctuation 3308:Hebrew punctuation 1670:Weisstein, Eric W. 1609:"Underlining Text" 1419:simplified Chinese 1395:simplified Chinese 1194: 1170:COMBINING LOW LINE 994:interactive shells 812:Usage in computing 797: 773:{\displaystyle x,} 770: 747: 745: 720: 696: 669: 647: 618: 594: 569: 513: 314:, and in Internet 300:combining low line 230: 222: 216:. The only way to 100:FULLWIDTH LOW LINE 78:Graphical variants 72:COMBINING LOW LINE 4333: 4332: 4080:Typographic units 3998:For position only 3897: 3896: 3749: 3748: 3326: 3325: 2655:ordinal indicator 2598:irony punctuation 1945:. 1 August 2020. 1903:Bozhidar Batsov. 1607:Strizver, Ilene. 1575:978-1-936213-19-1 1271: 1270: 795: 738: 715: 689: 640: 597:{\displaystyle n} 506: 462:, instead of the 196: 195: 4363: 4323: 4322: 4300:Related template 4232:Related articles 4033:Phototypesetting 3887:reverse-contrast 3872:Display typeface 3829: 3806:Blackletter type 3762: 3761: 3699:Vertical aspects 3680:Sentence spacing 3490:Typeface anatomy 3486: 3485: 3353: 3346: 3339: 3330: 3329: 3275:Currency symbols 3255: 3254: 3248: 3240: 3239: 3238:(paragraph mark) 3232: 3228: 3220: 3219: 3213: 3209: 3201: 3200: 3194: 3186: 3185: 3178: 3170: 3169: 3163: 3159: 3143: 3142: 3136: 3128: 3127: 3121: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3101: 3100: 3094: 3090: 3082: 3081: 3075: 3071: 3067: 3063: 3047: 3046: 3044:trademark symbol 3040: 3032: 3031: 3025: 3017: 3016: 3010: 3002: 3001: 2995: 2987: 2986: 2980: 2978: 2968: 2967: 2965:copyright symbol 2961: 2945: 2944: 2938: 2930: 2929: 2923: 2915: 2914: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2892: 2891: 2885: 2883: 2873: 2872: 2866: 2850: 2849: 2843: 2835: 2834: 2828: 2820: 2819: 2813: 2805: 2804: 2798: 2790: 2789: 2783: 2775: 2774: 2768: 2760: 2759: 2753: 2749: 2733: 2732: 2726: 2718: 2717: 2711: 2703: 2702: 2696: 2688: 2687: 2681: 2673: 2672: 2666: 2658: 2657: 2651: 2647: 2639: 2638: 2632: 2624: 2623: 2617: 2601: 2600: 2594: 2586: 2585: 2579: 2575: 2567: 2566: 2560: 2552: 2551: 2549:exclamation mark 2545: 2537: 2536: 2530: 2514: 2513: 2507: 2503: 2495: 2494: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2472: 2471: 2465: 2449: 2448: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2434: 2430: 2427: 2423: 2420: 2416: 2413: 2403: 2402: 2396: 2388: 2387: 2381: 2373: 2372: 2366: 2358: 2357: 2351: 2343: 2342: 2336: 2328: 2327: 2321: 2313: 2312: 2306: 2298: 2297: 2291: 2275: 2274: 2268: 2260: 2259: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2237: 2236: 2230: 2226: 2218: 2217: 2211: 2203: 2202: 2196: 2188: 2187: 2181: 2173: 2172: 2166: 2158: 2157: 2151: 2124: 2117: 2110: 2101: 2100: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2086:books.google.com 2068: 2067: 2065: 2063: 2043: 2037: 2036: 2019: 2013: 2012: 2010: 2008: 1989: 1983: 1982: 1980: 1979: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1935: 1926: 1925: 1923: 1922: 1900: 1894: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1870: 1864: 1863: 1857: 1852: 1850: 1842: 1840: 1839: 1833: 1827:. Archived from 1826: 1814: 1808: 1807: 1801: 1796: 1794: 1786: 1784: 1783: 1777: 1771:. Archived from 1770: 1761: 1755: 1754: 1752: 1751: 1745: 1734: 1724: 1718: 1717: 1707: 1696: 1690: 1689: 1688: 1686: 1685: 1665: 1659: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1635: 1629: 1628: 1626: 1624: 1604: 1598: 1597: 1591: 1590: 1584: 1563: 1555: 1546: 1545: 1540: 1538: 1518: 1494: 1486: 1432: 1424: 1415:proper name mark 1408: 1400: 1369: 1368: 1348: 1319:grammar checkers 1300: 1296: 1267: 1259:double underline 1251: 1243:single underline 1238: 1230:double underline 1222: 1214:single underline 1197: 1193: 1186: 1183: 1182: 1178: 1176: 1171: 1168: 1167: 1163: 1161: 1153: 1129:markup languages 1123: 1111: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1070: 1065:Wolfram Language 1037:pattern matching 1015: 991: 987: 980: 976: 972: 968: 959:member variables 938: 872: 864: 806: 804: 803: 798: 796: 788: 779: 777: 776: 771: 756: 754: 753: 748: 746: 729: 727: 726: 721: 716: 708: 697: 678: 676: 675: 670: 662: 648: 627: 625: 624: 619: 603: 601: 600: 595: 578: 576: 575: 570: 565: 564: 563: 557: 553: 552: 551: 541: 540: 522: 514: 481: 477: 476: 472: 470: 449:Slavic languages 379: 375: 371: 363: 337: 333: 321: 271:, also called a 270: 192: 189: 186: 184: 179: 176: 173: 171: 166: 163: 160: 158: 153: 150: 147: 145: 128: 124: 123: 119: 117: 101: 98: 95: 93: 85: 73: 70: 69: 65: 63: 58: 55: 52: 50: 26: 25: 4371: 4370: 4366: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4361: 4360: 4336: 4335: 4334: 4329: 4311: 4295: 4227: 4187:writing systems 4186: 4180: 4134: 4074: 4018:Microtypography 3957: 3893: 3855: 3832: 3800: 3757:classifications 3756: 3745: 3694: 3648: 3614:Blackboard bold 3600: 3552: 3475: 3425: 3416:Recto and verso 3362: 3357: 3327: 3322: 3259: 3250: 3247: §  3246: 3244: 3234: 3231: ⸿  3230: 3227: ¶  3226: 3224: 3215: 3212: ⌑  3211: 3208: ◊  3207: 3205: 3196: 3193: ☞  3192: 3190: 3184:(hedera, aldus) 3180: 3177: ❧  3176: 3174: 3165: 3162: ‡  3161: 3158: †  3157: 3155: 3147: 3138: 3135: ”  3134: 3132: 3123: 3119: 3115: 3111: 3107: 3105: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3086: 3077: 3073: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3059: 3051: 3042: 3038: 3036: 3027: 3023: 3021: 3012: 3009: ®  3008: 3006: 2997: 2994: ℗  2993: 2991: 2982: 2976: 2974: 2972: 2963: 2960: ©  2959: 2957: 2949: 2940: 2937: ·  2936: 2934: 2925: 2922: •  2921: 2919: 2910: 2907: ‖  2906: 2903: ¦  2902: 2898: 2896: 2887: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2868: 2865: _  2864: 2862: 2854: 2845: 2842: ^  2841: 2839: 2832:minus-plus sign 2830: 2827: ∓  2826: 2824: 2817:plus–minus sign 2815: 2812: ±  2811: 2809: 2800: 2797: ~  2796: 2794: 2785: 2782: ÷  2781: 2779: 2770: 2767: ×  2766: 2764: 2755: 2752: −  2751: 2748: +  2747: 2745: 2737: 2728: 2725: ⌀  2724: 2722: 2713: 2710: °  2709: 2707: 2698: 2695: ‱  2694: 2692: 2683: 2680: ‰  2679: 2677: 2668: 2665: %  2664: 2662: 2653: 2650: ª  2649: 2646: º  2645: 2643: 2634: 2631: №  2630: 2628: 2619: 2616: #  2615: 2613: 2605: 2596: 2593: ⸮  2592: 2590: 2581: 2578: ¿  2577: 2574: ¡  2573: 2571: 2562: 2559: ‽  2558: 2556: 2547: 2544: !  2543: 2541: 2532: 2529: ?  2528: 2526: 2518: 2509: 2506: ⸗  2505: 2502: ⹀  2501: 2499: 2490: 2487: —  2486: 2483: –  2482: 2479: ‒  2478: 2476: 2467: 2464: -  2463: 2461: 2453: 2444: 2438: 2435: 2432: 2428: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2407: 2398: 2395: ⁂  2394: 2392: 2383: 2380: *  2379: 2377: 2368: 2365: …  2364: 2362: 2353: 2350: \  2349: 2347: 2338: 2335: /  2334: 2332: 2323: 2320: ^  2319: 2317: 2308: 2305: @  2304: 2302: 2293: 2289: 2287: 2279: 2270: 2267: .  2266: 2264: 2255: 2252: ‴  2251: 2248: ″  2247: 2244: ′  2243: 2241: 2232: 2229: '  2228: 2225: ’  2224: 2222: 2213: 2210: ‐  2209: 2207: 2198: 2195: ;  2194: 2192: 2183: 2180: :  2179: 2177: 2168: 2165: ,  2164: 2162: 2153: 2149: 2147: 2139: 2128: 2090: 2088: 2080: 2077: 2072: 2071: 2061: 2059: 2044: 2040: 2033: 2021: 2020: 2016: 2006: 2004: 1991: 1990: 1986: 1977: 1975: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1952: 1950: 1937: 1936: 1929: 1920: 1918: 1901: 1897: 1887: 1885: 1874:"Magic Methods" 1872: 1871: 1867: 1855: 1853: 1844: 1843: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1824: 1818:Ritchie, Dennis 1815: 1811: 1799: 1797: 1788: 1787: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1768: 1764:Fischer, Eric. 1762: 1758: 1749: 1747: 1743: 1732: 1726: 1725: 1721: 1705: 1697: 1693: 1683: 1681: 1666: 1662: 1652: 1650: 1637: 1636: 1632: 1622: 1620: 1605: 1601: 1588: 1586: 1582: 1576: 1561: 1557: 1556: 1549: 1536: 1534: 1519: 1508: 1503: 1498: 1497: 1487: 1483: 1478: 1455:Space Character 1446: 1387: 1366: 1365: 1333: 1327: 1311: 1298: 1276: 1265: 1249: 1236: 1220: 1184: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1158: 1151: 1145: 1121: 1109: 1081: 1068: 1013: 989: 985: 936: 894: 870: 831: 814: 787: 785: 782: 781: 762: 759: 758: 737: 735: 732: 731: 707: 688: 686: 683: 682: 658: 639: 637: 634: 633: 628:, the combined 613: 610: 609: 589: 586: 585: 582:complex numbers 559: 558: 547: 543: 536: 532: 531: 527: 526: 518: 505: 503: 500: 499: 489: 479: 474: 473: 468: 467: 447:and some other 386: 377: 373: 369: 361: 358: 348: 335: 330:, for instance 312:email addresses 304:word processing 296:markup language 268: 190: 187: 182: 181: 180: 177: 174: 169: 168: 167: 164: 161: 156: 155: 154: 152:DOUBLE LOW LINE 151: 148: 143: 142: 126: 121: 120: 115: 114: 99: 96: 91: 90: 83: 71: 67: 66: 61: 60: 59: 56: 53: 48: 47: 36: 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4369: 4359: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4331: 4330: 4328: 4327: 4316: 4313: 4312: 4310: 4309: 4303: 4301: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4257: 4256: 4251: 4246: 4235: 4233: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4225: 4224: 4223: 4221:National Fonts 4213: 4208: 4207: 4206: 4196: 4190: 4188: 4182: 4181: 4179: 4178: 4173: 4168: 4166:Web typography 4163: 4158: 4153: 4148: 4142: 4140: 4136: 4135: 4133: 4132: 4127: 4126: 4125: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4095: 4090: 4084: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4072: 4071: 4070: 4060: 4055: 4050: 4045: 4043:Reversing type 4040: 4035: 4030: 4025: 4020: 4015: 4010: 4005: 4000: 3995: 3990: 3989: 3988: 3983: 3973: 3967: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3939: 3938: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3912: 3910: 3899: 3898: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3891: 3890: 3889: 3884: 3879: 3869: 3863: 3861: 3857: 3856: 3854: 3853: 3848: 3842: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3830: 3821: 3816: 3810: 3808: 3802: 3801: 3799: 3798: 3793: 3792: 3791: 3786: 3781: 3770: 3768: 3759: 3751: 3750: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3728: 3723: 3718: 3713: 3708: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3695: 3693: 3692: 3687: 3682: 3677: 3672: 3670:Letter-spacing 3667: 3662: 3656: 3654: 3650: 3649: 3647: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3631: 3626: 3624:Color printing 3621: 3616: 3610: 3608: 3602: 3601: 3599: 3598: 3593: 3588: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3562: 3560: 3558:Capitalization 3554: 3553: 3551: 3550: 3545: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3525: 3520: 3515: 3510: 3505: 3500: 3494: 3492: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3474: 3473: 3472: 3471: 3461: 3456: 3451: 3446: 3441: 3435: 3433: 3427: 3426: 3424: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3396:Page numbering 3393: 3388: 3383: 3378: 3372: 3370: 3364: 3363: 3356: 3355: 3348: 3341: 3333: 3324: 3323: 3321: 3320: 3315: 3310: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3283: 3277: 3271: 3270: 3264: 3261: 3260: 3258: 3257: 3242: 3222: 3203: 3188: 3172: 3152: 3149: 3148: 3146: 3145: 3130: 3112:   3103: 3084: 3079:quotation mark 3056: 3053: 3052: 3050: 3049: 3039:   3034: 3024:   3019: 3004: 2989: 2970: 2954: 2951: 2950: 2948: 2947: 2932: 2917: 2894: 2875: 2859: 2856: 2855: 2853: 2852: 2837: 2822: 2807: 2792: 2777: 2762: 2742: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2735: 2720: 2705: 2690: 2675: 2660: 2641: 2626: 2610: 2607: 2606: 2604: 2603: 2588: 2569: 2554: 2539: 2523: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2516: 2497: 2474: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2452: 2451: 2405: 2390: 2375: 2360: 2345: 2330: 2315: 2300: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2278: 2277: 2262: 2239: 2220: 2205: 2190: 2175: 2160: 2144: 2141: 2140: 2127: 2126: 2119: 2112: 2104: 2098: 2097: 2076: 2075:External links 2073: 2070: 2069: 2038: 2031: 2014: 1984: 1960: 1927: 1895: 1865: 1856:|journal= 1809: 1800:|journal= 1756: 1719: 1691: 1660: 1630: 1599: 1574: 1547: 1505: 1504: 1502: 1499: 1496: 1495: 1480: 1479: 1477: 1474: 1473: 1472: 1467: 1462: 1457: 1452: 1445: 1442: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1381: 1378: 1370: 1362: 1356: 1350: 1329:Main article: 1326: 1323: 1315:spell checkers 1310: 1307: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1260: 1256: 1255: 1252: 1247: 1244: 1240: 1239: 1234: 1231: 1227: 1226: 1223: 1218: 1215: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1144: 1141: 1092:&UnderBar; 1080: 1077: 1067:, the pattern 893: 890: 830: 827: 813: 810: 809: 808: 794: 791: 769: 766: 744: 741: 719: 714: 711: 706: 703: 700: 695: 692: 679: 668: 665: 661: 657: 654: 651: 646: 643: 617: 593: 579: 568: 562: 556: 550: 546: 539: 535: 530: 525: 521: 517: 512: 509: 488: 485: 418:capitalization 385: 382: 347: 344: 318:, for example 218:emphasize text 194: 193: 140: 136: 135: 131: 130: 112: 111:Different from 108: 107: 106:Different from 103: 102: 87: 86: 80: 79: 75: 74: 45: 38: 37: 34: 31: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4368: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4343: 4341: 4326: 4318: 4317: 4314: 4308: 4305: 4304: 4302: 4298: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4255: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4230: 4222: 4219: 4218: 4217: 4214: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4202: 4201: 4200: 4197: 4195: 4192: 4191: 4189: 4183: 4177: 4174: 4172: 4171:Bézier curves 4169: 4167: 4164: 4162: 4159: 4157: 4156:Rasterization 4154: 4152: 4149: 4147: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4137: 4131: 4128: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4119: 4116: 4114: 4111: 4109: 4106: 4104: 4101: 4099: 4096: 4094: 4091: 4089: 4086: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4077: 4069: 4066: 4065: 4064: 4061: 4059: 4056: 4054: 4051: 4049: 4046: 4044: 4041: 4039: 4036: 4034: 4031: 4029: 4026: 4024: 4021: 4019: 4016: 4014: 4013:Microprinting 4011: 4009: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3991: 3987: 3984: 3982: 3979: 3978: 3977: 3974: 3972: 3971:Etaoin shrdlu 3969: 3968: 3966: 3964: 3960: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3937: 3934: 3933: 3932: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3913: 3911: 3908: 3904: 3900: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3880: 3878: 3875: 3874: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3865: 3864: 3862: 3858: 3852: 3849: 3847: 3844: 3843: 3841: 3839: 3835: 3828: 3827: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3803: 3797: 3794: 3790: 3787: 3785: 3782: 3780: 3777: 3776: 3775: 3772: 3771: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3760: 3758: 3752: 3742: 3739: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3729: 3727: 3724: 3722: 3719: 3717: 3714: 3712: 3709: 3707: 3704: 3703: 3701: 3697: 3691: 3688: 3686: 3683: 3681: 3678: 3676: 3673: 3671: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3661: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3651: 3645: 3642: 3640: 3637: 3635: 3632: 3630: 3627: 3625: 3622: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3612: 3611: 3609: 3607: 3603: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3563: 3561: 3559: 3555: 3549: 3546: 3544: 3541: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3524: 3521: 3519: 3516: 3514: 3511: 3509: 3506: 3504: 3501: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3478: 3470: 3467: 3466: 3465: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3450: 3447: 3445: 3442: 3440: 3437: 3436: 3434: 3432: 3428: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3387: 3384: 3382: 3379: 3377: 3374: 3373: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3361: 3354: 3349: 3347: 3342: 3340: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3319: 3316: 3314: 3311: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3286:Logic symbols 3284: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3262: 3253: 3249:   3243: 3237: 3233:   3223: 3218: 3214:   3204: 3199: 3195:   3189: 3183: 3179:   3173: 3168: 3164:   3154: 3153: 3150: 3141: 3137:   3131: 3126: 3122:   3104: 3099: 3095:   3085: 3080: 3076:   3058: 3057: 3054: 3045: 3041:   3035: 3030: 3026:   3020: 3015: 3011:   3005: 3000: 2996:   2990: 2985: 2981:   2971: 2966: 2962:   2956: 2955: 2952: 2943: 2939:   2933: 2928: 2924:   2918: 2913: 2909:   2895: 2890: 2886:   2876: 2871: 2867:   2861: 2860: 2857: 2848: 2844:   2838: 2833: 2829:   2823: 2818: 2814:   2808: 2803: 2799:   2793: 2788: 2787:division sign 2784:   2778: 2773: 2769:   2763: 2758: 2754:   2744: 2743: 2740: 2731: 2730:diameter sign 2727:   2721: 2716: 2715:degree symbol 2712:   2706: 2701: 2697:   2691: 2686: 2682:   2676: 2671: 2667:   2661: 2656: 2652:   2642: 2637: 2633:   2627: 2622: 2618:   2612: 2611: 2608: 2599: 2595:   2589: 2584: 2580:   2570: 2565: 2561:   2555: 2550: 2546:   2540: 2535: 2534:question mark 2531:   2525: 2524: 2521: 2512: 2511:double hyphen 2508:   2498: 2493: 2489:   2475: 2470: 2466:   2460: 2459: 2456: 2447: 2443:   2406: 2401: 2397:   2391: 2386: 2382:   2376: 2371: 2367:   2361: 2356: 2352:   2346: 2341: 2337:   2331: 2326: 2322:   2316: 2311: 2307:   2301: 2296: 2292:   2286: 2285: 2282: 2273: 2269:   2263: 2258: 2254:   2240: 2235: 2231:   2221: 2216: 2212:   2206: 2201: 2197:   2191: 2186: 2182:   2176: 2171: 2167:   2161: 2156: 2152:   2146: 2145: 2142: 2137: 2136:typographical 2133: 2125: 2120: 2118: 2113: 2111: 2106: 2105: 2102: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2078: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2042: 2034: 2032:9781472947512 2028: 2024: 2018: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1988: 1974: 1970: 1964: 1948: 1944: 1940: 1934: 1932: 1916: 1912: 1911: 1906: 1899: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1869: 1861: 1848: 1834:on 2015-02-11 1830: 1823: 1819: 1813: 1805: 1792: 1778:on 2017-03-18 1774: 1767: 1760: 1742: 1738: 1731: 1730: 1723: 1715: 1711: 1704: 1703: 1695: 1680: 1679: 1674: 1671: 1664: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1634: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1603: 1596: 1581: 1577: 1571: 1567: 1560: 1554: 1552: 1544: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1506: 1491: 1485: 1481: 1471: 1470:Visible space 1468: 1466: 1463: 1461: 1460:Strikethrough 1458: 1456: 1453: 1451: 1448: 1447: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1428: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1404: 1396: 1392: 1379: 1377: 1376: 1371: 1363: 1361: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1338: 1332: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1306: 1304: 1292: 1287: 1285: 1281: 1264: 1261: 1258: 1257: 1253: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1192: 1190: 1157: 1149: 1140: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1125: 1119: 1115: 1108: 1103: 1086: 1076: 1074: 1066: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1038: 1033: 1031: 1027: 1023: 1019: 1016:is a special 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 982: 964: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 942: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 914: 909: 907: 903: 899: 889: 887: 882: 880: 876: 868: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 843:line printers 840: 836: 826: 823: 819: 789: 767: 764: 742: 739: 717: 709: 704: 701: 698: 693: 690: 680: 666: 663: 655: 652: 649: 644: 641: 631: 615: 607: 591: 583: 580: 566: 554: 548: 544: 537: 533: 528: 523: 515: 510: 507: 497: 494: 493: 492: 484: 482: 465: 461: 456: 454: 450: 446: 442: 437: 435: 429: 427: 423: 419: 415: 411: 407: 403: 399: 395: 391: 381: 367: 357: 353: 343: 341: 329: 325: 320:Mr_John_Smith 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 292: 290: 286: 282: 278: 274: 266: 261: 259: 255: 251: 247: 243: 239: 235: 226: 219: 215: 214: 209: 206:which had no 205: 200: 141: 137: 132: 129: 113: 109: 104: 88: 81: 76: 46: 44: 39: 32: 27: 22: 4271:Type foundry 4108:Metric units 4038:Punchcutting 4023:Movable type 3993:Font catalog 3953:Vertical bar 3690:Word spacing 3660:Figure space 3638: 3543:Text figures 3386:Even working 3291:Math symbols 3252:section mark 2912:vertical bar 2869: 2670:percent sign 2469:hyphen-minus 2089:. Retrieved 2085: 2060:. Retrieved 2051: 2041: 2022: 2017: 2005:. Retrieved 1996: 1987: 1976:. Retrieved 1972: 1963: 1951:. Retrieved 1942: 1919:. Retrieved 1908: 1898: 1886:. Retrieved 1877: 1868: 1847:cite journal 1836:. Retrieved 1829:the original 1812: 1791:cite journal 1780:. Retrieved 1773:the original 1759: 1748:. Retrieved 1728: 1722: 1701: 1694: 1682:. Retrieved 1676: 1673:"Underscore" 1663: 1651:. Retrieved 1642: 1633: 1621:. Retrieved 1612: 1602: 1593: 1587:. Retrieved 1565: 1542: 1535:. Retrieved 1526: 1489: 1484: 1439: 1388: 1374: 1373: 1359: 1353: 1339:to be used: 1334: 1312: 1302: 1288: 1277: 1254:A̱ḆC̱ḎE̱ 1146: 1126: 1104: 1088:&lowbar; 1082: 1034: 983: 954: 950: 945: 932: 929:header files 910: 895: 883: 835:Teleprinters 832: 818:web browsers 815: 490: 457: 438: 430: 387: 366:macron below 359: 352:Macron below 339: 293: 276: 272: 264: 262: 242:proofreading 237: 233: 231: 211: 207: 4346:Punctuation 4266:Type design 4261:Style guide 4254:Calligraphy 4244:Handwriting 4058:Type design 4008:Lorem ipsum 4003:Letterpress 3963:Typesetting 3903:Punctuation 3867:Record type 3838:Gaelic type 3826:Schwabacher 3716:Body height 3581:Letter case 3449:Line length 2700:basis point 2636:numero sign 2621:number sign 2564:interrobang 2132:punctuation 1943:mozilla.org 1888:February 3, 1820:(c. 1975). 1375:bold italic 1354:italic type 1325:Manuscripts 1105:HTML has a 1045:Standard ML 873:(see also: 863:RATE_OF_PAY 487:Mathematics 426:body height 424:or greater 356:Numero sign 246:italic type 213:italic type 4351:Typography 4340:Categories 4239:Penmanship 4211:East Asian 4053:Type color 3986:monospaced 3943:Interpunct 3936:minus sign 3860:Specialist 3796:Sans-serif 3789:slab serif 3766:Roman type 3721:Cap height 3685:Thin space 3644:Whitespace 3596:Title case 3591:Snake case 3586:Small caps 3571:Camel case 3503:Diacritics 3411:Pull quote 3406:Pagination 3401:Paper size 3360:Typography 3296:Whitespace 3280:Diacritics 3140:ditto mark 2942:interpunct 2870:underscore 2234:apostrophe 2134:and other 1978:2023-07-08 1921:2019-09-05 1838:2011-06-09 1782:2016-11-16 1750:2011-06-09 1684:2023-08-08 1653:27 January 1589:2018-12-12 1501:References 1367:SMALL CAPS 1280:plain-text 1131:, such as 1114:deprecated 1100:&#x5F; 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Index

Underscore (disambiguation)
Unicode
COMBINING MACRON BELOW

underwood typewriter
italic type
emphasize text

proofreading
italic type
manuscript
typescript
instruction to the printer
typewriter
typewriter carriage
overtyped
markup language
combining low line
word processing
filenames
email addresses
URLs
a proofreader's mark
typeset
Macron below
Numero sign
macron below
manuscript
typeset
below

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