USS Liberty incident

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near it are three small vessels ..." At 13:08Z, Hatzor air control indicated concern about the nationality of the ship's crew: "The first matter to clarify is to find out what their nationality is." At 13:10Z, one of the helicopter pilots asked the nearby torpedo boats' Division Commander about the meaning of the ship's hull number: "GTR5 is written on it. Does this mean something?" The response was: "Negative, it doesn't mean anything." At 13:12Z, one of the helicopter pilots was asked by air control: "Did you clearly identify an American flag?" No answer appears in the transcript, but the air controller then says: "We request that you make another pass and check once more if this is really an American flag." Again, no response appears in the transcript. At about 13:14Z, the helicopters were directed to return home.

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Commander Moshe Oren. It consisted of three torpedo boats numbered: T-203, T-204 and T-206. At 12:15, Division 914 received orders to patrol a position 20 miles (32 km) north of Arish. As Commander Oren headed toward Arish, he was informed by Naval Operations of the reported shelling of Arish and told that IAF aircraft would be dispatched to the area after the target had been detected. Chief of Staff Yitzhak Rabin was concerned that the supposed Egyptian shelling was the prelude to an amphibious landing that could outflank Israeli forces. Rabin reiterated the standing order to sink any unidentified ships in the area, but advised caution, as Soviet vessels were reportedly operating nearby. At 13:41, the torpedo boats detected an unknown vessel 20 miles northwest of Arish and 14 miles (23 km) off the coast of

836:, sailing 70 miles west of Gaza". The vessel's location was marked on a CCC control table, using a red marker, indicating an unidentified vessel. At about 06:00, the aerial naval observer, Major Uri Meretz, reported that the ship appeared to be a U.S. Navy supply ship; at about 09:00 the red marker was replaced with a green marker to indicate a neutral vessel. About the same time, an Israeli jet fighter pilot reported that a ship 20 miles (32 km) north of Arish had fired at his aircraft after he tried to identify the vessel. Israeli naval command dispatched two destroyers to investigate, but they were returned to their previous positions at 09:40 after doubts emerged during the pilot's debriefing. After the naval observer's Noratlas landed and he was debriefed, the ship he saw was further identified as the USS 1135: 2314: 1714:

Inquiry and, that by later declaring that they were false, Boston has admitted to "lying under oath". Cristol also notes that Boston's statements about pressure on Kidd were hearsay, and that Kidd was not alive to confirm or deny them and that Boston did not maintain, prior to his affidavit and comments related to it, that Kidd spoke of such instructions to Boston or to others. Cristol also provides a handwritten 1991 letter from Admiral Kidd that, according to Cristol, "suggest that Ward Boston has either a faulty memory or a vivid imagination". According to James Ennes, however, Admiral Kidd urged Ennes and his group to keep pressing for an open congressional probe.

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of return fire, warned Kislev that the target could be Israeli. Kislev told the pilots not to attack if there was any doubt about identification, and the Israeli Navy quickly contacted all of its vessels in the area. The Israeli Navy found that none of its vessels were under fire, and the aircraft were cleared to attack. However, Kislev was still disturbed by a lack of return fire and requested one last attempt to identify the ship. Captain Zuk made an attempt at identification while strafing the ship. He reported seeing no flag, but saw the ship's GTR-5 marking. Kislev immediately ordered the attack stopped. Kislev guessed that the ship was American.

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removed. Battle readiness "modified condition three" was set, which meant that the ship's four .50 caliber machine guns were manned and ammunition was ready for loading and firing. Eight crewmen either were killed immediately or received fatal injuries and died later, and 75 were wounded. Among the wounded was McGonagle, who was hit in the right thigh and arm. During the attack, antennas were severed, gas drums caught fire, and the ship's flag was knocked down. McGonagle sent an urgent request for help to the Sixth Fleet, "Under attack by unidentified jet aircraft, require immediate assistance".

2325:: James Bamford, among others, says one possible motive was to prevent the United States from eavesdropping on Israeli military activities and monitoring the events taking place in nearby Gaza. In a study of the incident concluding that there was insufficient evidence to support either accidental or deliberate attack, Colonel Peyton E. Smith wrote: "The attack was most likely deliberate for reasons far too sensitive to be disclosed by the U.S. (or) Israeli government and that the truth may never be known". Author and former crew member James M. Ennes theorized, in the epilogue of his book 2129:. The first cable, sent five days after the attack, informs Eban that a U.S. informant told Harman there was "clear proof that from a certain stage the pilot discovered the identity of the ship and continued the attack anyway". The second cable, sent three days later, added that the White House is "very angry" because "the Americans probably have findings showing that our pilots indeed knew that the ship was American". Documents of the Israeli General Staff meetings, declassified in October 2008, show no discussion of a planned attack on an American ship. 1782: 240: 273: 1531:, composed of veterans from the ship, states that U.S. congressional investigations and other U.S. investigations were not actually investigations into the attack, but rather reports using evidence only from the U.S. Navy Court of Inquiry, or investigations unrelated to culpability that involved issues such as communications. In their view, the U.S. Navy Court of Inquiry is the only actual investigation on the incident to date. They say it was hastily conducted, in only ten days, even though the court's president, 1057:

pilot house. McGonagle could not see or "get to mount 53 from the starboard wing of the bridge". So, he "sent Mr. Lucas around the port side of the bridge, around to the skylights, to see if he could tell Quintero, whom believed to be the gunner on Machine gun 53, to hold fire". Lucas "reported back in a few minutes in effect that he saw no one at mount 53". Lucas, who had left the command bridge during the air attack and returned to assist McGonagle, believed that the sound of gunfire was likely from ammunition

2032:. Two linguists who were aboard the EC-121 when the recordings were made said separately that at least two additional tapes were made that had been withheld. English language translations of the released tapes indicate that the Israelis spoke of hitting an Egyptian supply ship even after the end of attack. The rescue helicopters relayed urgent requests that the rescuers ask the first survivor pulled out of the water what his nationality is; there was discussion as to whether the survivors would speak Arabic. 2283:, but began to strafe immediately. Israel says several identification passes were made. The Naval Court of Enquiry, based on the Israeli timeline of events, found: "One may infer from the fact that within a period of approximately 15 minutes, the request was transmitted (for aircraft to be dispatched), received, a command decision made, aircraft dispatched, and the attack launched, that no significant time was expended in an effort to identify the ship from the air before the attack was launched." 2146: 5969: 154: 6829: 1157: 907: 884:. The ship's speed was estimated on their radars. The combat information center officer on T-204, Ensign Aharon Yifrah, reported to Oren that the target had been detected at a range of 22 miles (35 km), that her speed had been tracked for a few minutes, after which he had determined that the target was moving westward at a speed of 30 knots (56 km/h; 35 mph). These data were forwarded to the Fleet Operations control center. 5959: 5666: 141: 1490:: "We asked for about two weeks ago and have not received it yet from Secretary Rusk. ... By the time we get to it we will be on some other subject." Secretary McNamara promised fast delivery of the investigation report, "... you will have it in four hours", and concluded his remarks by saying: "I simply want to emphasize that the investigative report does not show any evidence of a conscious intent to attack a U.S. vessel." 5654: 280: 247: 1698:, which Boston said was an "insidious attempt to whitewash the facts", Boston prepared and signed an affidavit in which he said that Admiral Kidd had told him that the government ordered Kidd to falsely report that the attack was a mistake, and that Boston and Kidd both believed the attack was deliberate. Cristol wrote about Boston's professional qualifications and integrity, on page 149 of his book: 2166: 1312: 1897:, his claim that 400 Egyptians were executed has been cast into doubt since reporters present in the town claimed that there had been a large battle and this was the main cause of casualties. Bamford also stated that eyewitness Gabi Bron had claimed he saw 150 people executed by Israeli troops at El-Arish. However, Gabi Bron claimed to have only seen 5 people executed by Israeli troops. 888:

warships. The Chief of Naval Operations asked the torpedo boats to double-check their calculations. Yifrah twice recalculated and confirmed his assessment. A few minutes later, Commander Oren reported that the target, now 17 miles (27 km) from his position, was moving at a speed of 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph) on a different heading. Bamford, however, points out that

868: 933:, attempted to identify the ship. He radioed to one of the torpedo boats his observation that the ship looked like a military ship with one smokestack and one mast. He also communicated, in effect, that the ship appeared to him like a destroyer or another type of small ship. In a post-attack statement, the pilots said they saw no distinguishable markings or flag on the ship. 2541:"briefed the committee on a sensitive DOD project known as FRONTLET 615", which is identified in a handwritten note on the original memorandum as "submarine within U.A.R. waters". Further Freedom of Information Act requests returned no information on any project called "FRONTLET 615". In February 1997, a senior member of the crew of the submarine 1616:

the returning aircraft informing Israeli headquarters of markings on the front of the hull (markings that would not be found on an Egyptian ship). As a common root of these problems, Israel blamed the combination of alarm and fatigue experienced by the Israeli forces at that point of the war when pilots were severely overworked.

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A summary of the NSA-translated tapes indicates that at 12:34Z Hatzor air control began directing two Israeli Air Force helicopters to an Egyptian warship, to rescue its crew: "This ship has now been identified as Egyptian." The helicopters arrived near the ship at about 13:03Z: "I see a big vessel,

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was identified, or at least her nationality determined, by Israeli aircraft approximately one hour before the attack. ... The subsequent attack by the torpedo boats, substantially after the vessel was or should have been identified by Israeli military forces, manifests the same reckless disregard for

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the latter moments of the air attack, it was noted that three high speed boats were approaching the ship from the northeast on a relative bearing of approximately 135 at a distance of about 15 miles. The ship at the time was still on course 283 true, speed unknown, but believed to be in excess of

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After being cleared to attack, the Mirages dove on the ship and attacked with 30-mm cannons and rockets. The attack came a few minutes after the crew completed a chemical attack drill, with Captain McGonagle on the command bridge. The crew was in "stand-down mode", with their helmets and life jackets

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mounted on her decks and thus could not have shelled the coast.) The Head of Operations ordered that the report be verified, and that it be determined whether or not Israeli Navy vessels were off the coast of Arish. At 11:45, another report arrived at Supreme Command saying two ships were approaching

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At 11:24, the Israeli chief of naval operations received a report that Arish was being shelled from the sea. An inquiry into the source of the report was ordered to determine its validity. The report came from an air support officer in Arish. Additionally, at 11:27 the Israeli Supreme Command head of

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monitored for her orders until 15:25 Zulu, several hours after the attack, due to a long series of administrative and message routing problems. The Navy said a large volume of unrelated high-precedence traffic, including intelligence intercepts related to the conflict, were being handled at the time;

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to increase its allowable closest point of approach (CPA) to Egypt's and Israel's coasts from 12.5 and 6.5 nautical miles (14.4 and 7.5 mi; 23.2 and 12.0 km), respectively, to 20 and 15 nautical miles (23 and 17 mi; 37 and 28 km), and then later to 100 nautical miles (120 mi;

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While Egyptian naval ships were known to disguise their identities with Western markings, they usually displayed Arabic letters and numbers only. The fact that the ship had Western markings led Rabin to fear that it was Soviet, and he immediately called off the jets. Two IAF Super Frelon helicopters

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crew members, exhibits of attack damage photographs, and various reports. The court concluded that the testimony record revealed "a shallow investigation, plagued by myriad disagreements between the captain and his crew". According to the Navy Court of Inquiry's record of proceedings, four days were

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s location. The helicopters arrived at about 15:10, about 35 minutes after the torpedo hit the ship. After arriving, one of the helicopter pilots was asked by his ground-based controller to verify that the ship was flying an American flag. The helicopters conducted a brief search for crew members of

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McGonagle observed that machine gun Mount 53 began firing at the center torpedo boat at about the same time gun mount 51 fired, and that its fire was "extremely effective and blanketed the area and the center torpedo boat". Machine gun mount 53 was located on the starboard amidships side, behind the

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helicopters to search for survivors. These radio communications were recorded by Israel. The order was also recorded in the torpedo boat's log, although Commander Oren claimed not to have received it. The order to cease fire was given at 14:20, twenty-four minutes before the torpedo boats arrived at

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The fact that the ship had Latin alphabet markings led Chief of Staff Rabin to fear that the ship was Soviet. Though Egyptian warships were known to disguise their identities with Western markings, they usually displayed Arabic letters and numbers only. Rabin ordered the torpedo boats to remain at a

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was flying her American flag before, during and after the attack; the only exception being a brief period in which one flag had been shot down and was replaced with a larger flag. The helicopters sent to the attack site to provide assistance after the air attack noticed an American flag flying from

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Boston brought two special assets in addition to his skill as a Navy lawyer. He had been a naval aviator in World War II and therefore had insight beyond that of one qualified only in the law. Also, Kidd knew him as a man of integrity. On an earlier matter Boston had been willing to bump heads with

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After conducting his own fact-finding inquiry and reviewing evidence, Judge Yerushalmi's decision was: "I have not discovered any deviation from the standard of reasonable conduct which would justify committal of anyone for trial." In other words, he found no negligence by any IDF member associated

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The CIA Memoranda consists of two documents: one dated June 13, 1967, and the other dated June 21, 1967. The June 13 memorandum is an "account of circumstances of the attack ... compiled from all available sources". The June 21 memorandum is a point-by-point analysis of the Israeli inquiry findings

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side forward of the superstructure, creating a 39 ft (12 m) wide hole in what had been a cargo hold converted to the ship's research spaces and killing 25 servicemen, almost all of them from the intelligence section, and wounding dozens. It has been said the torpedo hit a major hull frame

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As the torpedo boats rapidly approached, McGonagle ordered a sailor to proceed to machine gun Mount 51 and open fire. However, he then noticed that the boats appeared to be flying an Israeli flag, and "realized that there was a possibility of the aircraft having been Israeli and the attack had been

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bombs, and were flown by Captain Yossi Zuk and his wingman, Yaakov Hamermish. The Mysteres released their payloads over the ship and strafed it with their cannons. Much of the ship's superstructure caught fire. The Mysteres were readying to attack again when the Israeli Navy, alerted by the absence

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The data on the ship's speed, together with its direction, gave the impression that it was an Egyptian destroyer fleeing toward port after shelling Arish. The torpedo boats gave chase, but did not expect to overtake their target before it reached Egypt. Commander Oren requested that the Israeli Air

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is a clearly marked United States ship in international waters, not a participant in the conflict and not a reasonable subject for attack by any nation. Request denied." He promised, however, that in the unlikely event of an inadvertent attack, jet fighters from the Sixth Fleet would be overhead in

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In Chapter 15 on "The Six-Day War and Its Consequences", dissects the sequence of events and concurrent attacks on Arab towns and explores the possibility that the attack on this U.S. spy ship was an intentional act to prevent U.S. monitoring of Israeli military actions, and that the intent was to

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Veterans Association filed a "Report of War Crimes Committed Against the U.S. Military, June 8, 1967" with the Department of Defense (DoD). They say Department of Defense Directive 2311.01E requires the Department of Defense to conduct a thorough investigation of the allegations contained in their

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The Israeli government said that three crucial errors were made: the refreshing of the status board (removing the ship's classification as American, so that the later shift did not see it identified), the erroneous identification of the ship as an Egyptian vessel, and the lack of notification from

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in compensation for the families of the 34 men killed in the attack. In March 1969, Israel paid a further $ 3.57 million ($ 29.6 million in 2023) to the men who had been wounded. In December 1980, it agreed to pay $ 6 million ($ 22.2 million in 2023) as the final settlement for

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in his autobiography, in which he accepted the Israeli explanation, minimized the affair and distorted the number of dead and wounded, by lowering them from 34 to 10 and 171 to 100, respectively. Lenczowski further states: "It seems Johnson was more interested in avoiding a possible confrontation

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was flying the American flag and its identification was clearly indicated in large white letters and numerals on its hull. ... Experience demonstrates that both the flag and the identification number of the vessel were readily visible from the air ... Accordingly, there is every reason to believe

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published a special report into the attack, containing numerous previously unreported quotes from former military personnel with first-hand knowledge of the incident. Many of these quotes directly contradict the NSA's position that it never intercepted the communications of the attacking Israeli

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In the grave situation that has been created, the only way to soften the result is for us to be able to announce to the U.S. government already today that we intend to prosecute people for this disaster. We have to publicize that in Israel already tonight. ... it is crucial that our announcement

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correctly. The Court had insufficient information before it to make a judgment on the reasons for the decision by Israeli aircraft and motor torpedo boats to attack ... It was not the responsibility of the Court to rule on the culpability of the attackers, and no evidence was heard from the

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The shelling and ship reports were passed from Supreme Command to Fleet Operations control center. The Chief of Naval Operations took them seriously, and at 12:05 torpedo boat Division 914 was ordered to patrol in the direction of Arish. Division 914, codenamed "Pagoda", was under the command of

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that noise from its propellers rattled the ship's deck plating, and that the pilots and crewmembers waved to each other. It was later reported, based on information from IDF sources, that the over-flights were coincidental, and that the aircraft were hunting for Egyptian submarines that had been

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Cristol said he believes that Boston is not telling the truth about Kidd's views and any pressure from the U.S. government. Cristol, who also served as an officer of the U.S. Navy's Judge Advocate General, suggests that Boston was responsible in part for the original conclusions of the Court of

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archive with the "Top Secret—Eyes Only" security caveat (Document #12C sanitized and released 21DEC88 under review case 86–199). This "Memorandum for the Record" dated 10 April 1967 reported a briefing of the "303 Committee" by General Ralph D. Steakley. According to the memo, General Steakley

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Admiral Shlomo Erell, head of the Israeli Navy in 1967, stated that no successful argument of benefit has been presented for Israel purposely attacking an American warship, especially considering the high cost of predictable complications that would follow an attack on a powerful ally. He also

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McGonagle testified that he "believed that the time of initial sighting of the torpedo boats ... was about 14:20", and that the "boats appeared to be in a wedge type formation with the center boat the lead point of the wedge. Estimated speed of the boats was about 27 to 30 knots ", and that it

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At this point, a recorded exchange took place between a command headquarters weapons systems officer, one of the air controllers, and the chief air controller questioning a possible American presence. Immediately after the exchange, at 13:57, the chief air controller, Lieutenant-Colonel Shmuel

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The speed of the target was significant because it indicated that the target was a combat vessel. Moreover, Israeli forces had standing orders to fire on any unknown vessels sailing in the area at over 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph), a speed which, at the time, could be attained only by

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arrived, Commander Oren could see that the ship could not be the destroyer that had supposedly shelled Arish or any ship capable of 30 knots (56 km/h) speed. According to Michael Limor, an Israeli naval reservist serving on one of the torpedo boats, they attempted to contact the ship by

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In the historical report, it was acknowledged that IDF naval headquarters knew at least three hours before the attack that the ship was "an electromagnetic audio-surveillance ship of the U.S. Navy" but concluded that this information had simply "gotten lost, never passed along to the ground

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s nature and its task to monitor communications from both sides in the war zone. He writes that timely knowledge of their decision to invade Syria and preparatory moves toward it "might have frustrated Israeli designs for the conquest of Syria's Golan Heights" and, in the sense of Ennes's

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Also confusing this issue is an oral history report from the American Embassy in Cairo, now in the LBJ Library, which notes that the Embassy received an urgent message from Washington warning that Cairo was about to be bombed by U.S. forces, presumably in mistaken retaliation for the USS

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At about 16:00, two hours after the attack began, Israel informed the U.S. embassy in Tel Aviv that its military forces had mistakenly attacked a U.S. Navy ship. When the ship was "confirmed to be American" the torpedo boats returned at about 16:40 to offer help; it was refused by the

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to come no closer than 100 nautical miles (120 mi; 190 km) to Israel, Syria, or the Sinai coast (Oren, p. 263). According to the Naval Court of Inquiry and the National Security Agency official history, the order to withdraw was not sent on the radio frequency that

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were sent to look for survivors — Spector had reported seeing men overboard — while the torpedo boat squadron was ordered to hold its fire pending further attempts at identification. Though that order was recorded in the torpedo boat's log, , Oren, claimed he never received it. (

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say that after the torpedo attack and the abandon ship order, motor torpedo boats strafed the ship's topside with automatic gunfire preventing men from escaping from below, and either machine-gunned or confiscated the empty life rafts that had been set afloat. The IDF says that

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broadcast a documentary film containing recent first-hand accounts by several survivors of the incident. The documentary argues that Israel knew the ship was American, and planned to blame its sinking on Egypt in order to draw the United States into the war on the Israeli side.

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describing the incident and saying, among other things, that the attack was deliberate. Ennes and Joe Meadors, also a survivor of the attack, run a website about the incident. Meadors states that the classification of the attack as deliberate is the official policy of the USS

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From the start, the response to Israeli statements of mistaken identity ranged between frank disbelief to unquestioning acceptance within the administration in Washington. A communication to the Israeli ambassador on 10 June, by Secretary Rusk stated, among other things:

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when Israel was engaged in battles with two Arab countries and preparing to attack a third, creating an environment where mistakes and confusion were prevalent. For example, at 11:45, a few hours before the attack, there was a large explosion on the shores of

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and when told the crew believed they were closer replied "They must be mistaken". On 2 July 2003, as a result of a lawsuit using the Freedom of Information Act by Joel Leyden on behalf of the Israel News Agency requesting any evidence that the U.S. submarine

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conducted inquiries and issued reports that concluded the attack was a mistake due to Israeli confusion about the ship's identity. Others, including survivors of the attack, have rejected these conclusions and maintain that the attack was deliberate.

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attack that he "would not be surprised" by an Israeli attack on Syria, and the IDF Intelligence chief told a White House aide then in Israel that "there still remained the Syria problem and perhaps it would be necessary to give Syria a blow".

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area to perform a signals intelligence collection mission in international waters near the north coast of Sinai, Egypt. After the war erupted, due to concerns about its safety as it approached its patrol area, several messages were sent to

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say that Israel's attack on the ship was "deliberate" and with full knowledge that the vessel was American. Israeli investigation and history reports agree that the attack was deliberate—but against what they believed was an Egyptian

1826:. Israel knew that American radio signals were intercepted by the Soviet Union and that the Soviets would certainly inform Egypt of the fact that, by moving troops to the Golan Heights, Israel had left the Egyptian border undefended. 2049:, one of the pilots who participated in the attack. Spector said the ship was assumed to be Egyptian, stating that: "there was positively no flag". The interview also contains the transcripts of the Israeli communications about the 1892:

to prevent the discovery of what he described as war crimes, including the killing of Egyptian prisoners of war by the IDF that he alleges was taking place around the same time in the nearby town of El-Arish. However, according to

1210:, who was an assistant Secretary of Defense for Public Affairs at the time. Soon afterward, the Israelis said that they had mistakenly attacked the ship. The Johnson administration conveyed "strong dismay" to Israeli ambassador 5925: 767:

that vessels of the Sixth Fleet were several hundred miles from the conflict, in response to Egyptian complaints that the United States was supporting Israel in the conflict. When this statement was made, it was in fact true;

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spent hearing testimony: two days for fourteen survivors of the attack and several U.S. Navy expert witnesses, and two partial days for two expert U.S. Navy witnesses. No testimony was heard from Israeli personnel involved.

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notes: "It was significant that, in contrast to his secretary of state, President Johnson fully accepted the Israeli version of the tragic incident." He notes that Johnson himself included only one small paragraph about the

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was only 17.5 kn (20.1 mph; 32.4 km/h), 21 kn (24 mph; 39 km/h). According to the Court of Enquiry findings the ship was steaming at 5 kn (5.8 mph; 9.3 km/h) at the time of the

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precluded an assault by accident or some trigger-happy local commander. Through diplomatic channels we refused to accept their explanations. I didn't believe them then, and I don't believe them to this day. The attack was

709:, that Israel would defend its coast with every means at its disposal, including sinking unidentified ships. He asked the U.S. to keep its ships away from Israel's shore or at least inform Israel of their exact positions. 2343:

Veterans Association says that the attacking Israeli aircraft were not marked, but a crewmember recalls watching a Jewish officer cry on seeing the blue Star of David on their fuselages. The torpedo boats that attacked

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had been jamming Israeli communications. Another CIA document dated 9 November 1967 quoted unidentified agency informants as saying Dayan personally ordered the attack; the CIA said the documents were "unevaluated for

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heliograph and radio, but received no response. At 6,000 meters (20,000 ft), T-204 paused and signalled "AA", which means "identify yourself". Due to damaged equipment, McGonagle could only reply using a handheld

4201: 2354:: During U.S. Naval Court of Inquiry testimony, Wayne L. Smith, Radioman Chief, testified that radio communications were intermittently jammed. Rear Admiral Kidd (a senior member of Naval Court of Inquiry) reported: " 2479:

The failure of the Israeli navy's attacks on Egyptian and Syrian ports early in the war did little to assuage Israel's fears. The U.S. had previously rejected Israel's request for a formal naval liaison. On 31 May,

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According to transcripts of intercepted radio communications, published by the U.S. National Security Agency, at about 14:30, near the beginning of the torpedo boat attack, two IAF helicopters were dispatched to

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followed by black smoke, probably caused by the destruction of an ammunition dump by retreating Egyptian forces. The Israeli army thought the area was being bombarded, and that an unidentified ship offshore was

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along either bow, clearly displaying her hull (or "pennant") number (AGTR-5) to indicate she was a technical research ship. She also had 18-inch (460 mm)-high letters spelling the vessel's name across her

772:, now assigned to the Sixth Fleet, was in the central Mediterranean Sea, passing between Libya and Crete. It would ultimately steam to about 13 nmi (15 mi; 24 km) north of the Sinai Peninsula. 2009:, sent a message to all intercept sites requesting a search of communications that might be connected to the attack or any reaction to it. The only such communication reported was intercepted by a U.S. Navy 1338:, the highest U.S. medal, for his actions. The Medal of Honor is generally presented by the president of the United States in the White House, but this time it was awarded at the Washington Navy Yard by the 1350:

was awarded to crewmember Terry Halbardier, who braved machine-gun and cannon fire to repair a damaged antenna that restored the ship's communication; in his award citation Israel was named as the attacker.

2329:, that the motive was to prevent the ship's crew from monitoring radio traffic that might reveal Israel as the aggressor in its impending invasion of Syria, which the White House opposed. According to the 1904:

states that new recorded and other evidence suggests the attack was a "daring ploy by Israel to fake an Egyptian attack" to give America a reason to enter the war against Egypt. It claimed that President

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The Senate Foreign Relations Committee testimony contains, as an aside during hearings concerning a foreign aid authorization bill, questions and statements from several senators and responses from then

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incident." Further, Barbour stated: "Had Israelis made such an inquiry it would have been forwarded immediately to the chief of naval operations and other high naval commands and repeated to dept ."

5955: 1378: 1038:, based on observing its deckline, midship bridge and smokestack. The captain of boat T-203 reached the same conclusion independently. The boats moved into battle formation, but did not attack. 2263:. Israeli pilots initially said they were primarily concerned with ensuring the ship was not an Israeli warship and that they ended the air attack when they noticed the Latin alphabet markings. 5032: 6560: 1486:: "From what I have read I can't tolerate for one minute that this was an accident." There was concern about obtaining more information on the attack, as expressed by Committee chairman 4604:

LBJ, National Security File, Box 104/107, Middle East Crisis: Jerusalem to the Secretary of State, 8 June 1967; Barbour to Department, 8 June 1967; Joint Embassy Memorandum, 8 June 1967.

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was severely damaged, with a 39 ft wide by 24 ft high (12 m × 7.3 m) hole and a twisted keel, her crew kept her afloat, and she was able to leave the area under her own power.

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accusations, provides "a plausible thesis that Israel deliberately decided to incapacitate the signals-collecting American ship and leave no one alive to tell the story of the attack".

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had been torpedoed by an unknown vessel at 09:50 eastern time. Johnson assumed that the Soviets were involved, and hotlined Moscow with news of the attack and the dispatch of jets from

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launched allegedly nuclear-armed aircraft targeted against Cairo from a U.S. aircraft carrier in the Mediterranean. The aircraft were recalled only just in time, when it was clear the

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constitutes a flagrant act of gross negligence for which the Israeli Government should be held completely responsible, and the Israeli military personnel involved should be punished."

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report. DoD has responded that a new investigation would not be conducted since a Navy Court of Inquiry had already investigated the facts and circumstances surrounding the attack.

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and voice circuits just before and during each aircraft's individual attack." None of the Israeli Defense Forces' investigations or reports confirm or deny radio frequency jamming.

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the ship's hull with their cannons and machine guns. According to some crewmen, the torpedo boats fired at damage control parties and sailors preparing life rafts for launch. (See

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s deck log establish that throughout the morning of the attack, 8 June, the ship was overflown, at various times and locations, by IAF aircraft. The primary aircraft type was the

6625: 2519:

Translation: "We express deep sorrow for the thirty-four friends who died by our hands in combat they should not have been involved in. May their memory be blessed. Veterans of

1451:

of fact. It concludes: "The attack was not made in malice toward the U.S. and was by mistake, but the failure of the IDF Headquarters and the attacking aircraft to identify the

724:

in Tel Aviv, Israel, Rusk asked for "urgent confirmation" of Israel's statement. Barbour responded: "No request for info on U.S. ships operating off Sinai was made until after

1346:

sailors received decorations for their actions during and after the attack, but most of the award citations omitted mention of Israel as the perpetrator. In 2009, however, a

6321: 4189: 4949: 1963:, found Israel to be culpable and suggested several theories for Israel's possible motives, including the desire to blame Egypt and so bring the U.S. into the Six-Day War. 5947: 419: 6461: 6154: 6004: 1683:

s personnel received firm orders not to say anything to anybody about the attack, and the naval inquiry was conducted in such a way as to earn it the name of "coverup".

1369: 2297:(35 mph; 56 km/h). Israeli naval doctrine at the time required that a ship traveling at that speed must be presumed to be a warship. A second boat calculated 6615: 6494: 6014: 4107: 4032: 1894: 1676:

Veterans Association, to which survivors and other former crew members belong. Other survivors run several additional websites. Citing Ennes's book, Lenczowski notes:

4723: 2580:". James Ennes believes that if the submarine photography exists, it should show that the ship's flag was clearly visible to the attacking fighters and torpedo boats. 1982:

was attacked because the Israelis knew that the ship's mission was to monitor radio signals from Israeli troops and pass troop movement information to the Egyptians.

1034:, and was convinced that he was facing an enemy ship. He consulted an Israeli identification guide to Arab fleets and concluded the ship was the Egyptian supply ship 6535: 2378:

on 19 September 1977 indicated CIA documents obtained by the American Palestine Committee suggested Israeli defense minister Moshe Dayan ordered the attack, because

2149:

The "Second Ensign" flown during the attack. Israel Defense Forces' investigative reports say their pilots and torpedo boat commander saw no flags during the attack.

2228:

stated that it was "ridiculous" to suggest that it would not be identified as such. Israel states in its inquiry and history reports that the identification as the

2110:

pilots, saying that not only did transcripts of those communications exist, but also that it showed the Israelis knew they were attacking an American naval vessel.

6755: 2536:

crew members testified that they had briefly seen a periscope during the attack. In 1988, the Lyndon Johnson Library declassified and released a document from the

1053:

conducted in error". McGonagle ordered the man at gun mount 51 to hold fire, but a short burst was fired at the torpedo boats before the man understood the order.

414: 4921: 2610: 2548:

told James Ennes that he had watched the attack through the periscope and took pictures. According to the official ship's history from the Department of Defense,

6897: 6341: 6179: 2719: 6670: 6009: 4485: 3444: 1925:

was involved in a nuclear weapons loading drill at the very time the ship learned of the attack on the Liberty and that this drill is one factor that delayed

1917:

It is clear that I was mistaken about the aircraft involved, as F4s do not carry nuclear weapons. Others tell me that the aircraft that were launched carried

6411: 3783:"Report of the Armed Services Investigating Subcommittee of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, Ninety-Second Congress, First Session" 636:

missions. It began its first deployment in 1965, in waters off the west coast of Africa. It carried out several further operations during the next two years.

424: 2087:

documents. Numerous requests under both declassification directives and the Freedom of Information Act are pending with various agencies including the NSA,

1717:

The following arguments, found in official reports or other sources, were published to support the hypothesis that the attack was due to mistaken identity:

6800: 1814:, which would violate a cease-fire to which Israel's government had agreed. However, Syria did not accept the cease fire until 9 June, after the attack on 381: 1041: 999:

dispatched eight aircraft. The carrier had been in the middle of strategic exercises. Vice-Admiral William I. Martin recalled the aircraft minutes later.

6720: 6201: 3924: 3637: 5999: 5989: 5702: 6710: 6545: 6144: 6139: 6019: 4501: 322: 5072: 1913:

had not been sunk and that Israel had carried out the attack. An information source for the aircraft being nuclear-armed, James Ennes later stated:

1118:. After the ship's identity was confirmed, the General Staff was notified and an apology was sent to naval attaché Castle. The aircraft approaching 6620: 6129: 5940: 5343: 4897: 4873: 4849: 2017:); it had collected voice conversations between two Israeli helicopter pilots and the control tower at Hatzor Airfield following the attack on the 5042: 6887: 5363: 4147: 3151: 2576:

had gathered by means of its periscope, the National Security Agency stated that there had been "no radio intercepts made by the U.S. submarine

2184:

The official Israeli reports say that the reconnaissance and fighter aircraft pilots, and the torpedo boat captains did not see any flag on the

6775: 6540: 3480: 3318: 2555:

s mission between 23 April and 24 July was reconnaissance within U.A.R. waters. When contacted, four crewmen stated that they were so close to

2024:

On 2 July 2003, the NSA released copies of these recordings and their translations and summaries. These revelations were elicited as part of a

5102: 1829:

Lenczowski notes that while the Israeli decision to "attack and destroy" the ship "may appear puzzling", the explanation seems to be found in

6072: 5190: 4076: 1649: 903:

Force dispatch aircraft to intercept. At 13:48, the Chief of Naval Operations requested dispatch of fighter aircraft to the ship's location.

4003: 6872: 6715: 6221: 5658: 4685: 3590: 2153: 1581:

was confused with an Egyptian vessel and because of failures in communications between Israel and the U.S. The three Israeli reports were:

1553: 683:

190 km) for both countries. Due to ineffective message handling and routing, these messages were not received until after the attack.

42: 6947: 6832: 6366: 5933: 2273:

book published in 2001 said that secret NSA intercepts indicate that Israeli pilots had full knowledge they were attacking a U.S. vessel.

1955:

and a critic of the official United States Government version of events, chaired a non-governmental investigation into the attack on the

1703:

Kidd when Boston felt it was more important to do the right thing than to curry favor with the senior who would write his fitness report.

851:

operations received a report stating that a ship had been shelling Arish, but the shells had fallen short. (The investigative journalist

4351: 2095:. "On 8 June 2007, the National Security Agency released hundreds of additional declassified documents on the Israeli attack on the USS 899:

was following her signal-intercept mission course along the northern Sinai coast, at about 5 knots (9.3 km/h; 5.8 mph) speed.

6194: 6184: 4983: 2978: 2488:

that if war breaks out, "we would have no telephone number to call, no code for plane recognition, and no way to get in touch with the

2433:" The Israel Defense Forces's History Report and the Ram Ron report both say that help was offered at 16:40 and the offer was rejected. 2025: 3562: 84: 6922: 6917: 4945: 4330: 1769:. Ensign Lucas, testified that he gave permission for the firing of the 03 level machine gun after the torpedo boats began firing at 1103:, and Oren spotted the designation GTR-5, but saw no flag. It took until 15:30 to establish the ship's identity. Shortly before the 6857: 6807: 6575: 6189: 5171: 5149: 4197: 1316: 4571: 6902: 6770: 6675: 6570: 5994: 3806: 2429:

s Deck Log, signed by the captain, has an entry at 15:03 stating: "One MTB returned to the ship and signaled, 'Do you need help.'

564: 4748: 1179:

the ship who might have fallen overboard during the air attack. No one was found. The helicopters left the ship at about 15:20.

6907: 6530: 5695: 4427: 3971: 2072:

was flying an American flag—and, further, the weather conditions were ideal to ensure its easy observance and identification."

1573:

about prosecuting those who are to blame be publicized before – I repeat, before – the publication of the American report here.

1520:

was flying an American flag—and, further, the weather conditions were ideal to ensure its easy observance and identification."

5002: 6520: 5465: 5426: 5327: 5279: 5268: 4788: 4538: 4383: 4237: 3732: 2679: 1952: 1286: 315: 5670: 4720: 4099: 2753: 2064:

s survivors contradict Spector. According to subsequently declassified NSA documents: "Every official interview of numerous

239: 6745: 6555: 6384: 6374: 6326: 2402:

was not fired upon after the torpedo attack and that a rescue raft was fished from the water while searching for survivors.

1646: 1099:.) A life raft which floated from the ship was picked up by T-203 and found to bear U.S. Navy markings. T-204 then circled 4468: 2911: 272: 6892: 6882: 6814: 6451: 6356: 6289: 5984: 5486: 1497:

investigation report, "Review of Department of Defense Worldwide Communications" was not an investigation focused on the

1339: 695: 4642: 963: 6550: 5963: 4928: 4804: 4045: 3412: 2606: 1773:. Later, when the gun was unmanned, heat from a nearby fire apparently caused machine gun rounds at the gun to explode. 1765:

opened fire on them. McGonagle said that he felt sure the torpedo boat captains believed they were under fire from the

1471: 1435:

and closed to the general public. The U.S. government and Israel jointly stated: "That the Israeli attack upon the USS

5910: 1512:(NSA) history report on the event included declassified documents which stated: "Every official interview of numerous 847:

marker was removed from CCC's Control Table at 11:00, due to its positional information being considered out of date.

828:

At about 05:45 Sinai time, a ship-sighting report was received at Israeli Central Coastal Command (CCC) in respect of

6937: 6877: 6862: 6705: 6640: 6630: 6525: 6351: 5688: 5634: 5615: 5600: 5578: 5554: 5535: 5510: 5131: 3965: 2729: 751:

and serve as its armed escort and as an auxiliary communications center. The following day, Admiral Martin replied: "

255: 5352: 4704: 6932: 6580: 6309: 3455: 308: 5573:, by James Bamford, devotes a detailed chapter to the incident, and concludes it was deliberate. Doubleday, 2001 ( 3533:

crew were killed and a hundred were wounded. This heartbreaking episode grieved the Israelis deeply, as it did us.

1413:

Senate Foreign Relations Committee Testimony during hearings of the 1967 Foreign Aid Authorization bill, July 1967

981:

hoisted a large American flag. During the early part of the air attack and before the torpedo boats were sighted,

776: 6760: 6164: 6062: 5563:, by James Bamford, Penguin Books, 1982, has a detailed description of the Israeli attack on the SIGINT ship USS 2236:

was enveloped in smoke and was based on "The Red Book", a guide to Arab fleets that did not include U.S. vessels.

764: 4305: 1560:

augmented Washington's already detailed picture of events on the Golan front and of Israel's intentions there."

1187:. Later, Israel provided a helicopter to fly U.S. naval attaché Commander Castle to the ship. (pp. 32, 34) 532:. The combined air and sea attack killed 34 crew members (naval officers, seamen, two marines, and one civilian 6655: 6650: 6406: 6379: 6279: 6094: 6024: 5870: 5213: 3875: 1494: 1244:

guided missile destroyer (DDG 626/4), which offered help. Subsequently it was met by the destroyers sent to it

2313: 6927: 6852: 6605: 6050: 5723: 5247: 4770: 4619: 4423: 3916: 3630: 1967: 1447:

incident, said that he, "cannot accept the claim by the Israelis that this was a case of mistaken identity".

3613: 6635: 6610: 740: 353: 4512: 2671:

The Liberty Incident Revealed: The Definitive Account of the 1967 Israeli Attack on the U.S. Navy Spy Ship

1577:

Two subsequent Israeli inquiry reports and a historical report concluded the attack was conducted because

5064: 4831: 2122: 2092: 2088: 1134: 376: 4904: 4880: 4856: 6780: 6730: 6685: 6489: 6346: 6055: 5680: 5389: 2014: 5377: 4140: 3560:

Navy Medal of Honor: Vietnam War (era) 1964–1975, citation for Captain William L. McGonagle, U.S. Navy

3148: 1455:

and the subsequent attack by torpedo boats were both incongruous and indicative of gross negligence."

6912: 6725: 6565: 6479: 6389: 5812: 3529:

We learned that the ship had been attacked in error by Israeli gunboats and aircraft. Ten men of the

2489: 2333:"the argument that Israel knowingly attacked an American ship has always lacked a convincing motive". 1865: 1745:

after mistaking it for an Egyptian warship, at a time when Britain and Israel were fighting together.

1393:

American inquiries, memoranda, records of testimony, and various reports involving or mentioning the

1084:

that absorbed much of the energy; crew members reported that if the torpedo had missed the frame the

744: 699: 409: 400: 5094: 3472: 1932:

response to our call for help. It is also possible that those were the weapons seen by our sources.

1729:

incident where Israeli aircraft had bombed an Israeli armored column south of the West Bank town of

950: 6680: 1881: 1509: 629: 533: 5187: 4272: 4072: 2289:: According to Israeli accounts, the torpedo boat made erroneous measurements that indicated that 6867: 6499: 6436: 6206: 3996: 3758: 2247: 1259: 1143: 712:

American sources said that no inquiry about ships in the area was made until after the attack on

536:

employee), wounded 171 crew members, and severely damaged the ship. At the time, the ship was in

495: 209: 5401: 4682: 3954:

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967

3782: 3583: 2193:

the ship almost immediately upon their arrival at the attack site and informed their controller.

2057:, later confirmed that "the Israeli Air Force tapes he listened to contained blank spaces". The 1501:

attack, although it contains a section describing the flow of communications connected with the

1482:

attack. For the most part, the senators were dismayed about the attack, as expressed by Senator

1223: 871:

Israeli Motor Torpedo Boats (MTBs) in formation, c. 1967. These were the MTBs that attacked USS

6793: 6786: 6585: 6431: 6109: 6104: 5754: 5238: 5220: 4531:

Resolutions and statements of the United Nations Security Council (1946–1989): a thematic guide

4414: 2542: 2330: 1995: 1944:

The video also reports hearsay of a covert alliance of U.S. and Israeli intelligence agencies.

1636:

I was never satisfied with the Israeli explanation. Their sustained attack to disable and sink

1483: 1241: 5457:

The Attack on the Liberty: The Untold Story of Israel's Deadly 1967 Assault on a U.S. Spy Ship

4778: 3759:"Hearings Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, Ninetieth Congress" 2669: 2455:

The Attack on the Liberty: The Untold Story of Israel's Deadly 1967 Assault on a U.S. Spy Ship

1877:, which filmed the entire episode through its periscope but was unable to provide assistance. 1612:

controllers who directed the air attack nor to the crews of the three Israeli torpedo boats".

198: 6484: 6331: 6304: 6149: 5319:

Assault on the Liberty: The True Story of the Israeli Attack on an American Intelligence Ship

4344: 1604: 1440: 1278: 1195: 525: 63: 5455: 5416: 5317: 4987: 4227: 3660: 3522: 2975: 1359:

The Court produced evidence that the Israeli armed forces had ample opportunity to identify

6942: 6252: 6134: 6099: 4454: 4002:(Report). Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate. 12 June 1967. p. 268. 3559: 2126: 1948: 1921:, which might easily be mistaken for nuclear bombs. And we learned much later that the USS 1810:

was attacked in order to prevent the U.S. from knowing about the forthcoming attack in the

1589: 1487: 1439:

had been the result of error, and nothing more." Admiral Thomas H. Moorer, a member of the

986: 910: 633: 537: 180: 8: 6740: 6690: 6416: 6336: 6119: 5841: 5803: 2374: 2054: 2010: 1853: 1657: 993: 922: 813: 193: 5168: 3952: 3708: 949:

The Mirages left after expending their ammunition, and were replaced by a flight of two

6600: 6124: 6045: 5861: 5794: 5774: 5735: 5521: 5502: 5337: 5146: 5037: 4568: 3684: 2520: 2359: 2133: 2041: 1871: 1536: 1245: 1016: 702: 623: 521: 492: 386: 203: 5496: 3814: 2279:: The American crew says the attacking aircraft did not make identification runs over 2214:

would have been immediately recognizable as a different vessel from the Egyptian ship

779:

or 03:10 local time, the Pentagon issued an order to Sixth Fleet headquarters to tell

6665: 6645: 6504: 6257: 6242: 5642:

kill all U.S. personnel on board before any kind of communications could be sent out.

5630: 5623: 5611: 5596: 5574: 5550: 5531: 5506: 5461: 5422: 5412: 5323: 5127: 4784: 4744: 4534: 4409: 4233: 4041: 3961: 3646: 3588:'s Heroic Captain Receives New Honor, Coverup of Israeli Attack on His Ship Continues 3518: 2675: 2448: 2422:

s crewmen and the Israelis stated that help was offered, but at different times. The

2304:

s speed to be 28 kn (32 mph; 52 km/h). The maximum sustained speed of

1906: 1791: 1568:

According to an Israel Foreign Ministry letter to the Israeli Embassy in Washington:

1532: 1322: 1191: 1064:

After coming under fire, the torpedo boats returned fire with their cannons, killing

732: 691: 674: 560: 510: 391: 74: 2013:

aircraft that flew near the attacks from 14:30 to 15:27, Sinai time (12:30 to 13:27

1552:(a former Israeli ambassador to the United States) contends that "the United States 6421: 6267: 6169: 6067: 5890: 5445: 5010: 4100:"'But Sir, It's an American Ship.' 'Never Mind, Hit Her!' When Israel Attacked USS 2754:"'But sir, it's an American ship.' 'Never mind, hit her!' When Israel attacked USS 2485: 1990:

The NSA reported that there had been no radio intercepts of the attack made by the

1781: 1777:

pointed out that Israel notified the American embassy immediately after the attack.

1207: 895:

s top speed was far below 28 knots. His sources say that at the time of the attack

721: 514: 5544: 5277: 5266: 4376: 3744: 6595: 6426: 6299: 6174: 5356: 5283: 5272: 5217: 5194: 5175: 5153: 4780:

The Secret War Against the Jews: How Western Espionage Betrayed The Jewish People

4727: 4708: 4689: 4646: 4623: 4575: 4449: 3641: 3617: 3594: 3566: 3254: 3155: 2982: 2724: 2224: 2105: 2006: 1722: 1546:

s crew had contributed to the injuries and deaths that resulted from the attack.

1475: 1026: 760: 666: 541: 460: 369: 78: 6314: 5440: 4964: 4190:"Navy Captain, Other Officials Call For Investigation Of Israel's Attack On USS 1273:, where she was given interim repairs. After these were completed in July 1967, 1229:. Within 48 hours, Israel offered to compensate the victims and their families. 622:

that supplied the Allies with cargo during World War II. It was acquired by the

6695: 6294: 6284: 6087: 2918: 2481: 2260: 2170: 2114: 2046: 1960: 1918: 1861: 1795: 1691: 1653: 1459: 1377: 1335: 1211: 930: 559:

had been attacked in error after being mistaken for an Egyptian ship. Both the

172: 2145: 1959:

in 2003. The committee, which included former U.S. ambassador to Saudi Arabia

1737:. Also given as an example was a similar incident that took place during the 812:; there were also two unidentified delta-wing jets at about 09:00 Sinai time ( 6846: 6396: 6274: 6082: 5968: 5492: 4569:

Hot summer of 1967: The Israeli attack on America and the 'Soviet destroyer.'

2270: 2256: 2222:

was the most identifiable ship in the U.S. Navy and in an interview with the

1811: 1726: 1277:

returned to the U.S. She was decommissioned in June 1968 and struck from the

1226: 1012:"appeared that they were approaching the ship in a torpedo launch attitude". 881: 852: 809: 687: 610:

was originally the 7,725-long-ton (7,849 t) light civilian cargo vessel

545: 159: 99: 86: 4811: 3419: 1994:

herself, nor had there been any radio intercepts made by the U.S. submarine

1741:

in 1956, when Israeli aircraft attacked and damaged the British frigate HMS

6765: 6237: 6216: 6077: 5584: 5436: 3249: 2382:

was jamming Israeli communications. A CIA document dated 23 June 1967 said

1549: 619: 615: 518: 4639: 985:

sent a distress message that was received by Sixth Fleet aircraft carrier

6750: 6590: 6441: 6114: 6040: 4774: 4701: 3324: 2484:, Israel's ambassador to Washington, had warned Under Secretary of State 2294: 2029: 1971: 1749: 1738: 1687: 1347: 1215: 1058: 1031: 1021: 860: 686:

According to Israeli sources, at the start of the war on 5 June, General

654: 604: 596: 529: 503: 332: 34: 5710: 3685:"Report of the JCS Fact Finding Team, USS Liberty Incident, 8 June 1967" 3473:"Diplomatic Note From Secretary of State Rusk to the Israeli Ambassador" 1535:, said that it would take six months to conduct properly. The inquiry's 1206:. He chose not to make any public statements and delegated this task to 6401: 6211: 1840:

The U.S. ambassador to Israel, Barbour, had reported on the day of the

1628:

Some intelligence and military officials dispute Israel's explanation.

1432: 1252: 1156: 775:

On the night of 7 June Washington time, early morning on 8 June, 01:10

4721:"New evidence for American cover-up of Israeli attack on U.S. warship" 2053:. However, the journalist who transcribed the tapes for that article, 5349: 4297: 4223: 2443: 2177:

Various details regarding the attack are the subject of controversy:

2118: 1788: 1785: 1629: 1593: 1386: 1219: 1080: 833: 717: 467: 6561:

American Healthcare Professionals and Friends for Medicine in Israel

5206: 3864: 1585:

Fact Finding Inquiry by Colonel Ram Ron ("Ram Ron Report"—June 1967)

906: 6700: 5546:

Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East

4745:"Ex-Navy Official: 1967 Israeli Attack on U.S. Ship Was Deliberate" 4333:. Washington Report on Middle East Affairs. March 2004. p. 10. 3255:

Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East

2563:

itself was under depth charge attack. August Hubal, Captain of the

1754: 1139: 1088:

would have split in two. The other four torpedoes missed the ship.

820:

crewmembers say that one of the Noratlas aircraft flew so close to

793:

contributed to the delayed transmission of the withdrawal message.

790: 706: 499: 5665: 5625:

How Israel Was Won: A Concise History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict

4616: 4491:

Interview with Former Head Israeli Navy 1967, Admiral Shlomo Erell

1431:

The official U.S. records of the Liberty incident were designated

6446: 3610: 2763: 2567:, insists that the vessel was 100 mi (160 km) from the 548:(47.2 km; 29.3 mi) northwest from the Egyptian city of 6160:

United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel

5188:

Assault on the USS Liberty: Deliberate Action or Tragic Accident

3543: 3541: 2836: 1592:("Yerushalmi Report"—July 1967) (Adjudication of IDF negligence 1556:

contain no evidence to suggest that information obtained by the

1214:. Meanwhile, apologies were soon sent by Israeli Prime Minister 1114:

launched eight aircraft armed with conventional weapons towards

1071:

helmsman. The torpedo boats then launched five torpedoes at the

6735: 6626:

Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations

5958: 5653: 5395:(Report). Israel Defence Forces, History Department. June 1982. 4579: 2083:

As of 2006, the NSA had yet to declassify "boxes and boxes" of

1940:

attack. That strange message was never explained or cancelled.

1623: 1092: 954: 658: 146: 5295: 5293: 4835: 3960:. Washington (D.C.): Government printing Office. p. 469. 2317:

Commander W.L. McGonagle in his damaged cabin after the attack

2165: 2028:

lawsuit by Florida bankruptcy judge and retired naval aviator

1632:, U.S. Secretary of State at the time of the incident, wrote: 1002:

McGonagle testified at the naval court of inquiry that during

626:

and converted to an auxiliary technical research ship (AGTR),

300: 6660: 6457:

United States support for Israel in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war

6262: 4946:"Satellite News and latest stories | the Jerusalem Post" 4586: 4528: 3538: 2252: 1730: 1423:

The U.S. Naval Court of Inquiry record contains testimony by

1270: 662: 549: 4984:"DoD Directive 2311.01E, 'DoD Law of War Program', 5/9/2006" 4805:"Possible Reflections of Israeli Attack Against USS Liberty" 4331:"Declaration of Ward Boston, Jr., Captain, JAGC, USN (Ret.)" 3524:

The Vantage Point: Perspectives of the Presidency, 1963-1969

1539:

were limited to whether any shortcomings on the part of the

1311: 759:

Meanwhile, at the United Nations on 6 June, U.S. Ambassador

6462:

2023 exchange of Israeli hostages for Palestinian prisoners

6155:

United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel

6005:

Consulate General of Israel to the Pacific Northwest Region

5527:

Incident: The 1967 Israeli Attack on the U.S. Navy Spy Ship

5290: 4469:"The Lie that Won't Die: The U.S.S. Liberty Attack Slander" 3112: 3110: 1667:

s bridge at the time of the attack, authored a book titled

6616:

Committee for Accuracy in Middle East Reporting in America

6015:

Tel Aviv Branch Office of the Embassy of the United States

5407:(Report). Israel Defense Forces Inquiry Commission Report. 867: 832:, identified by an aerial naval observer as "apparently a 6536:

Opposition in the United States to the Israeli occupation

5156: 4731: 4488: 4292: 4290: 3997:

S.1872 A Bill to Amend the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961

2559:

when it came under attack that some of the crew believed

2369: 2125:, have been declassified by Israel and obtained from the 2099:, a communications interception vessel, on 8 June 1967." 4927:. National Security Agency. 27 June 1967. Archived from 3107: 1985: 1331:

with the Soviet Union, ... than in restraining Israel."

5147:

Israel's 1967 attack on U.S. ship deliberate, book says

4903:. National Security Agency. 8 June 1967. Archived from 4879:. National Security Agency. 8 June 1967. Archived from 4855:. National Security Agency. 8 June 1967. Archived from 4834:. National Security Agency. 8 June 1967. Archived from 4810:. National Security Agency. 8 June 1967. Archived from 4747:. Fox News Channel. Associated Press. 23 October 2003. 4264: 2625: 1721:

Accidents and mistakes do occur in wartime. Journalist

1397:

attack include, but are not limited to, the following:

584:

material damage to the ship plus 13 years of interest.

6671:

Institute for Advanced Strategic and Political Studies

6495:

United States–Israel Strategic Partnership Act of 2014

4649:

from James Bamford regarding criticism of his charges.

4287: 1372:

concerning the Naval Court of Inquiry into the attack.

1030:, an Egyptian destroyer captured by Israel during the 1024:. Oren recalled receiving a similar response from the 917:. The Egyptian Navy had Hunt-class destroyers in 1967. 555:

Israel apologized for the attack, saying that the USS

6412:

Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II Israeli procurement

3826: 3824: 2853: 2851: 1370:

U.S. Defense Department's June 28, 1967, News Release

1289:(MARAD) in December 1970 and sold for scrap in 1973. 953:

codenamed Royal flight. The Mysteres were armed with

925:

fighter jets codenamed Kursa flight which arrived at

6801:

A Clean Break: A New Strategy for Securing the Realm

6756:

United States – Israel Binational Science Foundation

6342:

Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information

5711:

Attacks on United States Navy ships during peacetime

5567:, and the events leading up to it, on pages 279–293. 5481:

Scott, James M. "The Spy Ship Left Out in the Cold"

5142: 5140: 3923:. jewishvirtuallibrary.org. Jewish virtual library. 1563: 1416:

House Armed Services Committee Investigation of 1971

789:

and that this combined with a shortage of qualified

6721:

Louis D. Brandeis Center for Human Rights Under Law

6202:

Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements

6180:

Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement

5374:

NSA History Report, U.S. Cryptologic History series

3337: 3335: 669:status. Several days before the war began, the USS 5622: 5399: 5388: 5376:(Report). National Security Agency. Archived from 5362:Gerhard, William D.; Millington, Henry W. (1981). 5299: 4377:"Letter to Cristol from Admiral Isaac C. Kidd, Jr" 4176: 4128: 3836: 3821: 3399: 3384: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3362: 3353: 3207: 3201: 3184: 3167: 3136: 3101: 3070: 3053: 3041: 3022: 2848: 2842: 2752: 2358:reported apparent discriminate jamming on certain 6711:Jewish Institute for National Security of America 6546:American Association for Palestinian Equal Rights 6020:Consulate General of the United States, Jerusalem 5361: 5137: 4970: 4030: 3477:U.S. Department of State: Office of the Historian 3372: 3293: 3266: 2898: 2881: 2830: 2813: 2801: 2789: 2777: 2694: 2655: 2643: 2631: 2246:bore an eight-foot-high "5" and a four-foot-high 2005:had been torpedoed, the director of the NSA, LTG 1588:Preliminary Inquiry (Hearing) by Examining Judge 1516:crewmen gave consistent evidence that indeed the 1353: 716:. In a message sent from U.S. Secretary of State 6844: 6621:Committee for Justice and Peace in the Holy Land 4073:"New revelations in attack on American spy ship" 3527:. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. pp. 300–301. 3332: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2720:"New revelations in attack on American spy ship" 1462:report concluded: "The unprovoked attack on the 5549:, by Michael B. Oren, Oxford University Press ( 5519: 4826: 4824: 4529:Wellens, Karen; T.M.C. Asser Instituut (1990). 3359: 3289: 3287: 2957: 2955: 2953: 2951: 2949: 2947: 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2894: 2892: 2890: 2826: 2824: 2822: 2674:. Naval Institute Press. pp. 61, 113–114. 2637: 1900:The press release for the BBC documentary film 1822:, states Israel was justified in attacking the 1075:. At 12:35Z (14:35 local time) one torpedo hit 648: 6898:Aerial operations and battles involving Israel 6776:Walworth Barbour American International School 6010:Consuls general of Israel to the United States 5620: 5589:Operation Cyanide: Why the Bombing of the USS 3411: 2998: 2992: 1818:. Russian author Joseph Daichman, in his book 929:at about 14:00. The formation leader, Captain 747:headquarters to send a destroyer to accompany 16:1967 Israeli attack on United States Navy ship 5941: 5696: 4737: 962:safe distance from the ship, and sent in two 316: 6716:Joint Action Committee for Political Affairs 6130:U.S.–Israel Joint Economic Development Group 5608:Conspiracy of Silence: The Attack on the USS 5342:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 4821: 4769: 3328:. Owosso, Michigan. 6 July 1967. p. 12. 3284: 2936: 2887: 2875: 2819: 2391:Israeli ships' actions after the torpedo hit 1624:Ongoing controversy and unresolved questions 279: 246: 121: 6541:Robert F. Kennedy's 1948 visit to Palestine 3395: 3393: 3197: 3195: 3193: 2989:attack, Record of Proceedings, 18 June 1967 2807: 2795: 2783: 2771: 2688: 2649: 2601: 2599: 2597: 2208:Distinctiveness of USS Liberty's appearance 6000:Ambassadors of the United States to Israel 5990:Ambassadors of Israel to the United States 5948: 5934: 5703: 5689: 5411: 4673:article by Serge Schmemann, 21 August 1995 4612: 4610: 4592: 3547: 3501: 3405: 3180: 3178: 3176: 3132: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3124: 3122: 3097: 3095: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3085: 3083: 3081: 3079: 2068:crewmen gave consistent evidence that the 1404:Joint Chief of Staff's Report of June 1967 1129: 840:, based on its "GTR-5" hull markings. USS 323: 309: 6145:2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 6140:2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks 6073:Israel–United States Free Trade Agreement 4994: 4350:. The Liberty Incident. 22 October 2003. 3579: 3577: 3575: 3066: 3064: 3062: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 2267:Ship's identification known during attack 2188:. Official American reports say that the 1407:CIA Intelligence Memorandums of June 1967 571:In May 1968, the Israeli government paid 6808:The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy 6576:American Israel Public Affairs Committee 6222:Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute 4556:Mossad: istoria luchshei v mire razvedki 4553: 4547: 4325: 4323: 4198:Washington Report on Middle East Affairs 4070: 3599:Washington Report on Middle East Affairs 3390: 3190: 2717: 2594: 2312: 2232:was made by the torpedo boats while the 2164: 2152: 2144: 2117:, Israel's ambassador in Washington, to 1780: 1401:U.S. Naval Court of Inquiry of June 1967 1376: 1310: 1265:. Medical personnel were transferred to 1155: 1133: 1040: 905: 866: 665:nations, the United States maintained a 640: 6833:Category:Israel–United States relations 6771:Jerusalem American International School 6676:Institute for Middle East Understanding 6571:American Palestine Public Affairs Forum 5995:Embassy of the United States, Jerusalem 5491: 5418:American presidents and the Middle East 4922:"SIGINT Reflection of LIBERTY Incident" 4607: 4382:. The Liberty Incident. 3 August 1991. 4188:Hanley, Delinda C. (July–August 2003). 4122: 4075:. chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. 3517: 3173: 3161: 3119: 3076: 2667: 1096: 937:Kislev, cleared the Mirages to attack. 6888:United States Navy in the 20th century 6845: 6531:Anti-Israel lobby in the United States 6195:Israel–Morocco normalization agreement 6185:Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement 5364:Attack on a SIGINT Collector, the USS 4187: 4097: 4031:Harriette, A.; Ennes Jr, J.M. (1979). 3951:Schwar, Harriet Dashiell, ed. (2004). 3950: 3874:. USS Liberty Memorial. 10 June 1967. 3572: 3059: 3028: 2713: 2711: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2703: 2001:. Within an hour of learning that the 1802:Several books and the BBC documentary 940: 673:was ordered to proceed to the eastern 5929: 5684: 5629:. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books. 5453: 5315: 5260: 5197:Colonel Peyton E. Smith 30 March 2007 5126:, by James Bamford, Doubleday, 2001 ( 4407: 4320: 4275:from the original on 26 November 2011 4252: 4204:from the original on 7 September 2017 4172: 4170: 4168: 4066: 4064: 4026: 4024: 4009:from the original on 19 December 2006 3946: 3944: 3942: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3859: 3857: 3855: 3853: 3851: 3842: 3830: 3505: 3305: 3278: 3237: 3225: 3213: 3010: 2869: 2857: 2613:from the original on 14 December 2006 2218:. Admiral Tom Moorer stated that the 2140: 1986:NSA tapes and subsequent developments 1953:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 1287:United States Maritime Administration 1091:The torpedo boats then closed in and 618:, the follow-on series to the famous 304: 6746:Queers Undermining Israeli Terrorism 6327:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot 6322:United States diplomatic cables leak 6190:Israel–Sudan normalization agreement 5435: 5390:The Attack on the 'Liberty' Incident 5105:from the original on 4 November 2011 5000: 4952:from the original on 16 October 2007 4308:from the original on 6 December 2011 4222: 4153:from the original on 19 October 2012 3977:from the original on 29 January 2019 3917:"The USS Liberty Incident: 'The USS 3611:Congressional Medal of Honor Society 3341: 2750: 2507: 2493: 2197:U.S. crewmen's perceptions of intent 1888:, that Israel deliberately attacked 1708:A. Jay Cristol, The Liberty Incident 1315:Commemorative plaque in the Israeli 1048:turns to evade Israeli torpedo boats 977:During the interval, crewmen aboard 51:on 9 June 1967, one day after attack 6873:20th century in the Sinai Peninsula 6815:The Occupation of the American Mind 6452:Terminal High Altitude Area Defense 6357:World Central Kitchen drone strikes 6290:Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal 5985:Embassy of Israel, Washington, D.C. 4783:. St. Martin's Press. p. 281. 3914: 3813:. 24 September 2009. Archived from 3709:"Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967" 3483:from the original on 1 January 2016 2700: 1748:The incident took place during the 1342:in an unpublicized ceremony. Other 1297:At the time of the attack, the USS 921:The IAF dispatched a flight of two 614:, a mass-produced, standard-design 13: 6551:America-Israel Cultural Foundation 5475: 5385:partially declassified 1999, 2003. 4751:from the original on 15 April 2008 4357:from the original on 16 April 2005 4165: 4110:from the original on 17 April 2019 4079:from the original on 16 April 2019 4061: 4021: 3939: 3927:from the original on 16 April 2019 3893: 3881:from the original on 26 March 2010 3865:"U.S. Naval Court of Inquiry; USS 3848: 2255:. These markings were not cursive 2161:one day after attack (9 June 1967) 1410:Clark Clifford Report of July 1967 731:With the outbreak of war, Captain 14: 6959: 6706:Jewish Council for Public Affairs 6641:Council for the National Interest 6631:Coordinating Council on Jerusalem 6526:Israel lobby in the United States 6521:Palestine–United States relations 6352:Self-immolation of Aaron Bushnell 5646: 5075:from the original on 19 June 2006 5033:"The Day Israel Attacked America" 4986:. 31 January 2007. Archived from 4430:from the original on 7 March 2016 4389:from the original on 7 March 2012 4071:Crewdson, John (2 October 2007). 3319:"Israeli Seaman Describes Attack" 2718:Crewdson, John (2 October 2007). 2113:Two diplomatic cables written by 1761:As the torpedo boats approached, 1733:the day before the attack on the 1564:Israeli government investigations 801:Official testimony combined with 796: 6923:International maritime incidents 6918:Espionage scandals and incidents 6828: 6827: 6581:American Task Force on Palestine 6556:America–Israel Friendship League 6385:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 6375:2012 US–Israel military exercise 6310:Gaza journey of MV Rachel Corrie 5967: 5957: 5664: 5652: 5441:"The 'USS Liberty': Case Closed" 5400:Colonel Ram Ron (16 June 1967). 5254: 5225: 5200: 5181: 5162: 5117: 5087: 5057: 5041:. 3 October 2014. Archived from 5025: 4976: 4938: 4914: 4890: 4866: 4842: 4797: 4763: 4714: 4695: 4676: 4664: 4652: 4633: 3737:Incident: Clark Clifford Report" 1884:producer, says in his 2001 book 1607:History Department report (1982) 964:Aérospatiale SA 321 Super Frelon 705:, the American naval attaché in 278: 271: 245: 238: 152: 139: 41: 6858:1967 in international relations 6761:Zionist Organization of America 6165:February 2019 Warsaw Conference 6063:Strategic Cooperation Agreement 5530:. Dulles, Virginia: Brassey's. 5309: 4598: 4562: 4522: 4494: 4479: 4461: 4452:, "The Attack on the Liberty," 4442: 4401: 4369: 4337: 4257: 4246: 4216: 4181: 4133: 4091: 3989: 3799: 3775: 3751: 3725: 3701: 3677: 3653: 3623: 3604: 3553: 3511: 3495: 3465: 3437: 3378: 3347: 3311: 3299: 3272: 3260: 3243: 3231: 3219: 3142: 3047: 3016: 3004: 2904: 2863: 2526: 2513: 2499: 2473: 2199:: Surviving crewmembers of the 1976:The Secret War Against the Jews 765:United Nations Security Council 632:(NSA) "spy ships" carrying out 330: 176:Lieutenant Commander Moshe Oren 6948:Israel–United States relations 6903:Naval battles involving Israel 6656:Emergency Committee for Israel 6651:Democratic Majority for Israel 6407:Joint Political Military Group 6280:2004 Tashkent suicide bombings 6025:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs 5964:Israel–United States relations 5001:Oren, Amir (30 October 2008). 4973:, pp. 41, 49, footnote 4. 4711:, online statement, June 2007. 4232:. Penguin Books. p. 388. 4040:. Рипол Классик. p. 270. 2744: 2661: 1804:USS Liberty: Dead in the Water 1495:House Armed Services Committee 1419:The NSA History Report of 1981 1354:U.S. government investigations 1110:s identity was confirmed, the 587: 1: 6908:Aerial operations and battles 6606:Center for Middle East Policy 5316:Ennes, James, N. Jr. (1987). 5248:United States Naval Institute 5169:Salans Memo pdf Salans Report 4971:Gerhard & Millington 1981 4898:"Audio Recording Labeled 105" 4874:"Audio Recording Labeled 130" 4850:"Audio Recording Labeled 104" 4424:United States Naval Institute 4408:Walsh, David C. (June 2003). 4098:Aderet, Ofer (11 July 2017). 3373:Gerhard & Millington 1981 3294:Gerhard & Millington 1981 3267:Gerhard & Millington 1981 2899:Gerhard & Millington 1981 2882:Gerhard & Millington 1981 2831:Gerhard & Millington 1981 2814:Gerhard & Millington 1981 2802:Gerhard & Millington 1981 2790:Gerhard & Millington 1981 2778:Gerhard & Millington 1981 2751:Ofer, Aderet (11 July 2017). 2695:Gerhard & Millington 1981 2656:Gerhard & Millington 1981 2644:Gerhard & Millington 1981 2632:Gerhard & Millington 1981 2461: 2210:: It is disputed whether the 6636:Creative Community for Peace 6611:Christians United for Israel 5101:. Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. 2634:, pp. 1–2, 5, 25–26, 28 2587: 2182:Visibility of American flag: 649:Events leading to the attack 287:USS Liberty incident (Egypt) 7: 5659:USS Liberty incident (1967) 5595:, Vision Paperbacks. 2003, 5593:Nearly Caused World War III 3445:"Public Affairs in the USS 2976:U.S. Naval Court of Inquiry 2437: 2123:minister of foreign affairs 2093:Defense Intelligence Agency 2089:Central Intelligence Agency 1194:had received word from the 1166:Arlington National Cemetery 10: 6964: 6893:20th-century naval battles 6883:Maritime incidents in 1967 6781:9/11 Living Memorial Plaza 6731:Milstein Family Foundation 6686:Israel on Campus Coalition 6380:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 6347:2022 Erbil missile attacks 6095:Israel–Jordan peace treaty 6056:Palestinian autonomy talks 5322:. New York: Random House. 4345:"Boston, Ward – Affidavit" 4304:. Usslibertyveterans.org. 3741:www.thelibertyincident.com 2415:s captain, several of the 2026:Freedom of Information Act 1269:, and she was escorted to 594: 6824: 6726:Media Watch International 6566:American Jewish Committee 6513: 6472: 6365: 6230: 6051:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 6033: 5977: 5903: 5883: 5854: 5825: 5787: 5767: 5747: 5716: 5421:. Duke University Press. 4726:11 September 2004 at the 4271:. Gtr5.com. 8 June 1967. 3620:. Retrieved June 20, 2007 3508:, p. 285, appendix S 3149:Yerushalmi Inquiry Report 2985:Court of Inquiry for USS 2337:Israeli aircraft markings 2277:Effort for identification 1862:Polaris ballistic missile 1385:'s research compartment ( 1190:In Washington, President 745:United States Sixth Fleet 743:William I. Martin at the 340: 232: 215: 186: 165: 132: 55: 40: 32: 23: 6938:National Security Agency 6878:June 1967 events in Asia 6863:1967 in military history 6681:Israeli-American Council 5520:Cristol, A. Jay (2002). 5485:(June 2017) 31#3 pp 28+ 5460:. Simon & Schuster. 5216:14 November 2008 at the 5193:19 December 2008 at the 5174:19 December 2008 at the 5003:"War from the bottom up" 4702:Addendum to 2007 Edition 4554:Daichman, Josef (2001). 4106:. haaretz.com. Haaretz. 3601:, March 1998, pp. 26, 88 3569:. Retrieved May 15, 2006 3116:Bamford, Body of Secrets 2981:19 December 2006 at the 2466: 2293:was steaming at 30 2075:On 8 June 2005, the USS 1880:James Bamford, a former 1510:National Security Agency 1317:Clandestine Naval Museum 1240:was first met by Soviet 861:.50 caliber machine guns 825:spotted near the coast. 630:National Security Agency 6933:History of cryptography 6500:Israel Anti-Boycott Act 6437:Operation Tipped Kettle 6207:Indo-Abrahamic Alliance 5621:Thomas, Baylis (1999). 5300:IDF History Report 1982 4622:1 February 2009 at the 4574:17 October 2007 at the 4473:blogs.timesofisrael.com 4177:IDF History Report 1982 4129:IDF Ram Ron Report 1967 3400:IDF Ram Ron Report 1967 3385:IDF History Report 1982 3354:IDF History Report 1982 3202:IDF Ram Ron Report 1967 3185:IDF History Report 1982 3168:IDF History Report 1982 3137:IDF History Report 1982 3102:IDF History Report 1982 3071:IDF History Report 1982 3054:IDF History Report 1982 3042:IDF History Report 1982 3023:IDF History Report 1982 2843:IDF History Report 1982 2668:Cristol, A.Jay (2013). 2240:Identification markings 1860:was accompanied by the 1599:Historical Report "The 1533:Rear Admiral Isaac Kidd 1334:McGonagle received the 1285:was transferred to the 1130:Aftermath of the attack 951:Dassault Super Mystères 496:technical research ship 210:Technical research ship 122:Aftermath of the attack 6794:They Dare to Speak Out 6787:The Armageddon Network 6586:Anti-Defamation League 6490:Kyl–Bingaman Amendment 6432:Operation Nickel Grass 6110:The Clinton Parameters 6105:2000 Camp David Summit 5483:Naval History Magazine 5221:Anti Defamation League 5152:3 January 2007 at the 5069:attack tapes released" 4533:. Brill. p. 447. 3519:Johnson, Lyndon Baines 2912:"Chronology of Events" 2406:Israeli offers of help 2393:: Officers and men of 2348:flew the Israeli flag. 2331:Anti Defamation League 2327:Assault on the Liberty 2318: 2174: 2162: 2150: 2045:ran an interview with 1942: 1799: 1711: 1669:Assault on the Liberty 1643: 1575: 1484:Bourke B. Hickenlooper 1390: 1375: 1319: 1309: 1167: 1153: 1097:disputed details below 1049: 1009: 918: 876: 433:Mediterranean Campaign 228:1 ship heavily damaged 166:Commanders and leaders 6485:Jerusalem Embassy Act 6480:Lodge–Fish Resolution 6390:Arab–Israeli alliance 6332:Zivotofsky v. Clinton 6305:Gaza Freedom Flotilla 6150:John Kerry Parameters 5454:Scott, James (2009). 5282:27 March 2009 at the 5271:27 March 2009 at the 5250:: 108. December 1977. 4688:26 April 2014 at the 4683:Bamford Bashes Israel 4302:Veterans Association" 3817:on 24 September 2009. 3631:Deadly attack on USS 3565:18 April 2006 at the 3504:, p. 111 citing 2316: 2168: 2156: 2148: 1915: 1820:History of the Mossad 1784: 1725:gave an example of a 1700: 1634: 1570: 1441:Joint Chiefs of Staff 1380: 1357: 1340:Secretary of the Navy 1314: 1295: 1279:Naval Vessel Register 1196:Joint Chiefs of Staff 1159: 1137: 1122:were recalled to the 1044: 1004: 909: 870: 577:US$ 29.1 million 573:US$ 3.32 million 259:Location within Sinai 216:Casualties and losses 6928:Signals intelligence 6853:USS Liberty incident 6253:Lod Airport massacre 6248:USS Liberty incident 6135:Annapolis Conference 6100:Wye River Memorandum 5661:at Wikimedia Commons 5355:9 March 2022 at the 5071:. CNN. 9 July 2003. 4645:3 March 2016 at the 4455:The Atlantic Monthly 3747:on 23 February 2020. 3640:12 June 2009 at the 3616:23 June 2007 at the 3413:"NSA History Report" 2646:, pp. 28–29, 52 2372:report published by 2173:of the Egyptian Navy 2132:On 30 October 2014, 2127:Israel State Archive 2039:On 10 October 2003, 1696:The Liberty Incident 1647:Lieutenant Commander 1590:Yeshayahu Yerushalmi 1529:Veterans Association 1488:J. William Fulbright 1472:Secretary of Defense 911:Hunt-class destroyer 733:William L. McGonagle 634:signals intelligence 538:international waters 256:class=notpageimage| 181:William L. McGonagle 6741:Project Interchange 6691:Israel Policy Forum 6417:Major non-NATO ally 6337:Zivotofsky v. Kerry 6120:Negroponte doctrine 5671:Sources on the USS 5498:A History of Israel 5383:on 30 October 2012. 4990:on 31 January 2007. 4934:on 10 October 2012. 4910:on 10 October 2012. 4886:on 10 October 2012. 4862:on 10 October 2012. 4707:8 June 2010 at the 4595:, pp. 105–115. 4558:. Smolensk: Rusich. 4200:. pp. 42, 53. 4141:"Yerushalmi Report" 3593:18 May 2006 at the 3550:, pp. 110–112. 3154:30 May 2008 at the 2607:"Wikimapia.org Tag" 2375:The Washington Star 2366:Jamming as a motive 2287:Speed of the vessel 2102:On 2 October 2007, 1854:Russell Warren Howe 1658:Officer of the Deck 1443:at the time of the 1218:, Foreign Minister 992:. Aircraft carrier 941:Air and sea attacks 720:to U.S. Ambassador 522:motor torpedo boats 491:was an attack on a 204:motor torpedo boats 96: / 6601:Bust of Golda Meir 6367:Military relations 6125:Road map for peace 6046:Camp David Accords 5503:Palgrave Macmillan 5413:Lenczowski, George 5232:"New Light on the 5045:on 31 October 2014 5038:Al Jazeera English 5013:on 27 October 2008 4838:on 21 August 2007. 4448:Hirsh Goodman and 4410:"Friendless Fire?" 3915:B. Oren, Michael. 3661:"Court of Inquiry" 3635:gets new attention 2999:NSA History Report 2732:on 11 October 2007 2319: 2175: 2163: 2151: 2141:Details in dispute 2042:The Jerusalem Post 2007:Marshall S. Carter 1800: 1537:terms of reference 1391: 1381:Torpedo damage to 1320: 1258:, and the cruiser 1168: 1154: 1050: 919: 877: 739:immediately asked 703:Ernest Carl Castle 624:United States Navy 493:United States Navy 401:Jordanian Campaign 6840: 6839: 6666:If Americans Knew 6646:The David Project 6505:Combating BDS Act 6258:Sami Esmail trial 6243:The Apollo Affair 5923: 5922: 5873:Samuel B. Roberts 5669:Works related to 5657:Media related to 5606:Anthony Pearson, 5561:The Puzzle Palace 5467:978-1-4165-5482-0 5428:978-0-8223-0963-5 5329:978-5-87232-402-7 5263:, pp. 95–96 5178:21 September 1967 4790:978-0-312-15648-0 4630:by James Bamford. 4583:14 September 2002 4540:978-0-7923-0796-9 4518:on 27 March 2009. 4509:daccessdds.un.org 4486:Dead in the Water 4239:978-0-14-015391-0 3647:The Seattle Times 3479:. US Government. 2681:978-1-61251-387-4 2449:Ras Sedr massacre 1907:Lyndon B. Johnson 1902:Dead in the Water 1686:In 2002, Captain 1620:with the attack. 1554:National Archives 1364:attacking nation. 1323:George Lenczowski 1224:chargé d'affaires 1192:Lyndon B. Johnson 864:the Arish coast. 692:Israeli Air Force 628:a cover name for 511:Israeli Air Force 480: 479: 475: 474: 299: 298: 290:Show map of Egypt 262:Show map of Sinai 128: 127: 75:Mediterranean Sea 6955: 6913:Combat incidents 6831: 6830: 6422:Operation Joshua 6268:Jonathan Pollard 6170:Trump peace plan 6068:May 17 Agreement 5978:Diplomatic posts 5972: 5971: 5962: 5961: 5950: 5943: 5936: 5927: 5926: 5705: 5698: 5691: 5682: 5681: 5668: 5656: 5640: 5628: 5541: 5516: 5471: 5450: 5437:Oren, Michael B. 5432: 5408: 5406: 5396: 5394: 5384: 5382: 5371: 5347: 5341: 5333: 5303: 5297: 5288: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5229: 5223: 5204: 5198: 5185: 5179: 5166: 5160: 5144: 5135: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5091: 5085: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5061: 5055: 5054: 5052: 5050: 5029: 5023: 5022: 5020: 5018: 5009:. 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Archived from 3729: 3723: 3722: 3720: 3718: 3713: 3705: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3694: 3689: 3681: 3675: 3674: 3672: 3670: 3665: 3657: 3651: 3627: 3621: 3608: 3602: 3581: 3570: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3536: 3535: 3515: 3509: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3461:on 13 July 2013. 3460: 3454:. Archived from 3453: 3441: 3435: 3434: 3432: 3430: 3425:on 13 March 2004 3424: 3418:. Archived from 3417: 3409: 3403: 3397: 3388: 3382: 3376: 3370: 3357: 3351: 3345: 3339: 3330: 3329: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3291: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3269:, pp. 25–26 3264: 3258: 3250:Oren, Michael B. 3247: 3241: 3240:, pp. 44–46 3235: 3229: 3223: 3217: 3211: 3205: 3199: 3188: 3182: 3171: 3165: 3159: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3117: 3114: 3105: 3099: 3074: 3068: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3026: 3020: 3014: 3008: 3002: 3001:, pp. 21–23 2996: 2990: 2973: 2934: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2923: 2917:. Archived from 2916: 2908: 2902: 2896: 2885: 2879: 2873: 2872:, pp. 38–39 2867: 2861: 2855: 2846: 2840: 2834: 2828: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2768: 2760: 2748: 2742: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2728:. Archived from 2715: 2698: 2692: 2686: 2685: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2647: 2641: 2635: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2620: 2618: 2603: 2581: 2554: 2530: 2524: 2517: 2511: 2503: 2497: 2490:U.S. Sixth Fleet 2486:Eugene V. Rostow 2477: 2432: 2428: 2421: 2414: 2303: 2063: 2055:Arieh O'Sullivan 1949:Thomas H. Moorer 1931: 1919:Bullpup missiles 1869:-class submarine 1835: 1709: 1682: 1666: 1545: 1373: 1208:Phil G. Goulding 1177: 1109: 1070: 973: 894: 855:points out that 846: 807: 722:Walworth Barbour 637: 582: 579:in 2023) to the 578: 574: 565:U.S. governments 515:fighter aircraft 420:Augusta-Victoria 343: 342: 335: 325: 318: 311: 302: 301: 291: 282: 281: 275: 263: 249: 248: 242: 158: 156: 155: 145: 143: 142: 111: 110: 108: 107: 106: 101: 97: 94: 93: 92: 89: 57: 56: 45: 21: 20: 6963: 6962: 6958: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6953: 6952: 6843: 6842: 6841: 6836: 6820: 6596:BIRD Foundation 6509: 6468: 6427:Operation Moses 6361: 6300:Stewart Nozette 6226: 6175:Abraham Accords 6029: 5973: 5966: 5956: 5954: 5924: 5919: 5899: 5879: 5850: 5821: 5783: 5763: 5743: 5712: 5709: 5649: 5637: 5571:Body of Secrets 5538: 5513: 5478: 5476:Further reading 5468: 5439:(Spring 2000). 5429: 5404: 5392: 5380: 5369: 5357:Wayback Machine 5335: 5334: 5330: 5312: 5307: 5306: 5298: 5291: 5284:Wayback Machine 5273:Wayback Machine 5259: 5255: 5231: 5230: 5226: 5218:Wayback Machine 5205: 5201: 5195:Wayback Machine 5186: 5182: 5176:Wayback Machine 5167: 5163: 5159:, 23 April 2001 5154:Wayback Machine 5145: 5138: 5124:Body of Secrets 5122: 5118: 5108: 5106: 5093: 5092: 5088: 5078: 5076: 5063: 5062: 5058: 5048: 5046: 5031: 5030: 5026: 5016: 5014: 4999: 4995: 4982: 4981: 4977: 4969: 4965: 4955: 4953: 4944: 4943: 4939: 4931: 4924: 4920: 4919: 4915: 4907: 4900: 4896: 4895: 4891: 4883: 4876: 4872: 4871: 4867: 4859: 4852: 4848: 4847: 4843: 4830: 4829: 4822: 4817:on 4 July 2007. 4814: 4807: 4803: 4802: 4798: 4791: 4768: 4764: 4754: 4752: 4743: 4742: 4738: 4728:Wayback Machine 4719: 4715: 4709:Wayback Machine 4700: 4696: 4690:Wayback Machine 4681: 4677: 4669: 4665: 4657: 4653: 4647:Wayback Machine 4638: 4634: 4628:Body of Secrets 4624:Wayback Machine 4615: 4608: 4603: 4599: 4593:Lenczowski 1990 4591: 4587: 4576:Wayback Machine 4567: 4563: 4552: 4548: 4541: 4527: 4523: 4515: 4504: 4502:"Ods Home Page" 4500: 4499: 4495: 4484: 4480: 4467: 4466: 4462: 4447: 4443: 4433: 4431: 4406: 4402: 4392: 4390: 4386: 4379: 4375: 4374: 4370: 4360: 4358: 4354: 4347: 4343: 4342: 4338: 4329: 4328: 4321: 4311: 4309: 4296: 4295: 4288: 4278: 4276: 4263: 4262: 4258: 4251: 4247: 4240: 4221: 4217: 4207: 4205: 4186: 4182: 4175: 4166: 4156: 4154: 4150: 4143: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4127: 4123: 4113: 4111: 4096: 4092: 4082: 4080: 4069: 4062: 4052: 4050: 4048: 4034:Assault on the 4029: 4022: 4012: 4010: 4006: 3999: 3995: 3994: 3990: 3980: 3978: 3974: 3968: 3957: 3949: 3940: 3930: 3928: 3921:: Case Closed'" 3913: 3894: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3871: 3863: 3862: 3849: 3841: 3837: 3829: 3822: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3790: 3788: 3785: 3781: 3780: 3776: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3757: 3756: 3752: 3731: 3730: 3726: 3716: 3714: 3711: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3692: 3690: 3687: 3683: 3682: 3678: 3668: 3666: 3663: 3659: 3658: 3654: 3650:, June 9, 2009. 3642:Wayback Machine 3629:Bernton, Hal, " 3628: 3624: 3618:Wayback Machine 3609: 3605: 3595:Wayback Machine 3582: 3573: 3567:Wayback Machine 3558: 3554: 3548:Lenczowski 1990 3546: 3539: 3516: 3512: 3502:Lenczowski 1990 3500: 3496: 3486: 3484: 3471: 3470: 3466: 3458: 3451: 3443: 3442: 3438: 3428: 3426: 3422: 3415: 3410: 3406: 3398: 3391: 3383: 3379: 3371: 3360: 3352: 3348: 3340: 3333: 3317: 3316: 3312: 3304: 3300: 3292: 3285: 3277: 3273: 3265: 3261: 3248: 3244: 3236: 3232: 3224: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3200: 3191: 3183: 3174: 3166: 3162: 3156:Wayback Machine 3147: 3143: 3135: 3120: 3115: 3108: 3100: 3077: 3069: 3060: 3052: 3048: 3040: 3029: 3021: 3017: 3009: 3005: 2997: 2993: 2983:Wayback Machine 2974: 2937: 2927: 2925: 2924:on 28 June 2007 2921: 2914: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2897: 2888: 2880: 2876: 2868: 2864: 2856: 2849: 2841: 2837: 2829: 2820: 2812: 2808: 2800: 2796: 2788: 2784: 2776: 2772: 2749: 2745: 2735: 2733: 2725:Chicago Tribune 2716: 2701: 2693: 2689: 2682: 2666: 2662: 2654: 2650: 2642: 2638: 2630: 2626: 2616: 2614: 2605: 2604: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2584: 2552: 2531: 2527: 2518: 2514: 2504: 2500: 2478: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2440: 2430: 2426: 2419: 2412: 2301: 2225:Washington Post 2143: 2106:Chicago Tribune 2061: 1988: 1974:in their book, 1929: 1886:Body of Secrets 1833: 1710: 1707: 1680: 1664: 1656:(and off-going 1626: 1566: 1543: 1476:Robert McNamara 1374: 1368: 1356: 1175: 1165: 1132: 1107: 1068: 1027:Ibrahim el Awal 971: 943: 892: 844: 805: 799: 761:Arthur Goldberg 667:neutral country 651: 646: 627: 612:Simmons Victory 602: 593: 581:U.S. government 580: 576: 575:(equivalent to 572: 542:Sinai Peninsula 481: 476: 453:Syrian Campaign 410:Ammunition Hill 336: 331: 329: 295: 294: 293: 292: 289: 288: 285: 284: 283: 266: 265: 264: 261: 260: 258: 252: 251: 250: 227: 225: 201: 196: 175: 153: 151: 140: 138: 104: 102: 100:31.39°N 33.38°E 98: 95: 90: 87: 85: 83: 82: 81: 79:Sinai Peninsula 46: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6961: 6951: 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6868:1967 in Israel 6865: 6860: 6855: 6838: 6837: 6825: 6822: 6821: 6819: 6818: 6811: 6804: 6797: 6790: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6743: 6738: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6708: 6703: 6698: 6696:Israel Project 6693: 6688: 6683: 6678: 6673: 6668: 6663: 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6623: 6618: 6613: 6608: 6603: 6598: 6593: 6588: 6583: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6548: 6543: 6538: 6533: 6528: 6523: 6517: 6515: 6511: 6510: 6508: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6476: 6474: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6466: 6465: 6464: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6409: 6404: 6399: 6394: 6393: 6392: 6382: 6377: 6371: 6369: 6363: 6362: 6360: 6359: 6354: 6349: 6344: 6339: 6334: 6329: 6324: 6319: 6318: 6317: 6312: 6302: 6297: 6295:Ben-Ami Kadish 6292: 6287: 6285:Steve J. Rosen 6282: 6277: 6272: 6271: 6270: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6234: 6232: 6228: 6227: 6225: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6198: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6172: 6167: 6162: 6157: 6152: 6147: 6142: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6112: 6107: 6102: 6097: 6092: 6091: 6090: 6088:Oslo II Accord 6085: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6059: 6058: 6053: 6043: 6037: 6035: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6027: 6022: 6017: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5981: 5979: 5975: 5974: 5953: 5952: 5945: 5938: 5930: 5921: 5920: 5918: 5917: 5907: 5905: 5901: 5900: 5898: 5897: 5887: 5885: 5881: 5880: 5878: 5877: 5868: 5858: 5856: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5848: 5839: 5829: 5827: 5823: 5822: 5820: 5819: 5810: 5801: 5791: 5789: 5785: 5784: 5782: 5781: 5771: 5769: 5765: 5764: 5762: 5761: 5751: 5749: 5745: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5733: 5720: 5718: 5714: 5713: 5708: 5707: 5700: 5693: 5685: 5679: 5678: 5662: 5648: 5647:External links 5645: 5644: 5643: 5635: 5618: 5610:Liberty, 1979 5604: 5582: 5568: 5558: 5542: 5536: 5517: 5511: 5493:Bregman, Ahron 5489: 5477: 5474: 5473: 5472: 5466: 5451: 5433: 5427: 5409: 5402:Ram Ron Report 5397: 5386: 5359: 5350:ussliberty.org 5328: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5304: 5289: 5287: 5286: 5275: 5253: 5224: 5199: 5180: 5161: 5136: 5116: 5086: 5056: 5024: 4993: 4975: 4963: 4937: 4913: 4889: 4865: 4841: 4820: 4796: 4789: 4762: 4736: 4713: 4694: 4675: 4671:New York Times 4663: 4659:New York Times 4651: 4632: 4606: 4597: 4585: 4561: 4546: 4539: 4521: 4493: 4478: 4460: 4441: 4400: 4368: 4336: 4319: 4286: 4256: 4245: 4238: 4215: 4180: 4164: 4132: 4121: 4090: 4060: 4047:978-5872324027 4046: 4020: 3988: 3966: 3938: 3892: 3847: 3835: 3820: 3798: 3774: 3750: 3724: 3700: 3676: 3652: 3622: 3603: 3571: 3552: 3537: 3510: 3494: 3464: 3436: 3404: 3389: 3377: 3358: 3346: 3331: 3310: 3298: 3283: 3271: 3259: 3242: 3230: 3218: 3206: 3189: 3172: 3160: 3141: 3118: 3106: 3075: 3058: 3056:, pp. 7–8 3046: 3027: 3025:, pp. 6–7 3015: 3003: 2991: 2935: 2903: 2886: 2874: 2862: 2847: 2835: 2818: 2806: 2794: 2782: 2770: 2743: 2699: 2687: 2680: 2660: 2648: 2636: 2624: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2525: 2512: 2498: 2482:Avraham Harman 2471: 2470: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2459: 2458: 2451: 2446: 2439: 2436: 2435: 2434: 2403: 2388: 2363: 2349: 2334: 2311: 2310: 2284: 2274: 2264: 2261:Latin alphabet 2237: 2205: 2194: 2171:auxiliary ship 2142: 2139: 2115:Avraham Harman 2047:Yiftah Spector 1987: 1984: 1961:James E. Akins 1874:Andrew Jackson 1848:The 1981 book 1796:superstructure 1779: 1778: 1774: 1759: 1746: 1705: 1692:A. Jay Cristol 1654:junior officer 1645:Retired naval 1625: 1622: 1609: 1608: 1597: 1586: 1565: 1562: 1460:Clark Clifford 1421: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1366: 1355: 1352: 1336:Medal of Honor 1212:Avraham Harman 1138:The 6th Fleet 1131: 1128: 942: 939: 931:Iftach Spector 859:had only four 798: 797:Visual contact 795: 696:chief of staff 650: 647: 645: 641:Attack on the 639: 595:Main article: 592: 586: 546:nautical miles 478: 477: 473: 472: 471: 470: 465: 455: 454: 450: 449: 448: 447: 435: 434: 430: 429: 428: 427: 422: 417: 412: 404: 403: 397: 396: 395: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 364: 363: 362:Sinai Campaign 359: 358: 357: 356: 354:Waiting period 348: 347: 341: 338: 337: 328: 327: 320: 313: 305: 297: 296: 286: 277: 276: 270: 269: 268: 267: 254: 253: 244: 243: 237: 236: 235: 234: 233: 230: 229: 222: 218: 217: 213: 212: 206: 189: 188: 184: 183: 177: 173:Iftach Spector 168: 167: 163: 162: 149: 135: 134: 130: 129: 126: 125: 117: 113: 112: 73: 71: 67: 66: 61: 53: 52: 38: 37: 30: 29: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6960: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6850: 6848: 6835: 6834: 6823: 6817: 6816: 6812: 6810: 6809: 6805: 6803: 6802: 6798: 6796: 6795: 6791: 6789: 6788: 6784: 6782: 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6717: 6714: 6712: 6709: 6707: 6704: 6702: 6699: 6697: 6694: 6692: 6689: 6687: 6684: 6682: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6629: 6627: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6607: 6604: 6602: 6599: 6597: 6594: 6592: 6589: 6587: 6584: 6582: 6579: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6552: 6549: 6547: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6534: 6532: 6529: 6527: 6524: 6522: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6512: 6506: 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6477: 6475: 6471: 6463: 6460: 6459: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6408: 6405: 6403: 6400: 6398: 6397:Have Doughnut 6395: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6386: 6383: 6381: 6378: 6376: 6373: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6364: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6343: 6340: 6338: 6335: 6333: 6330: 6328: 6325: 6323: 6320: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6307: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6275:Rachel Corrie 6273: 6269: 6266: 6265: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6229: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6177: 6176: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6166: 6163: 6161: 6158: 6156: 6153: 6151: 6148: 6146: 6143: 6141: 6138: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6111: 6108: 6106: 6103: 6101: 6098: 6096: 6093: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6083:Oslo I Accord 6081: 6080: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6048: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6032: 6026: 6023: 6021: 6018: 6016: 6013: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5982: 5980: 5976: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5951: 5946: 5944: 5939: 5937: 5932: 5931: 5928: 5916: 5914: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5902: 5896: 5894: 5889: 5888: 5886: 5882: 5876: 5874: 5869: 5867: 5865: 5860: 5859: 5857: 5853: 5847: 5845: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5831: 5830: 5828: 5824: 5818: 5816: 5811: 5809: 5807: 5802: 5800: 5798: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5786: 5780: 5778: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5760: 5758: 5753: 5752: 5750: 5746: 5740: 5738: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5706: 5701: 5699: 5694: 5692: 5687: 5686: 5683: 5677:at Wikisource 5676: 5674: 5667: 5663: 5660: 5655: 5651: 5650: 5638: 5636:0-7391-0064-5 5632: 5627: 5626: 5619: 5617: 5616:0-7043-2164-5 5613: 5609: 5605: 5602: 5601:1-904132-19-7 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5583: 5580: 5579:0-09-942774-5 5576: 5572: 5569: 5566: 5562: 5559: 5556: 5555:0-19-515174-7 5552: 5548: 5547: 5543: 5539: 5537:1-57488-414-X 5533: 5529: 5528: 5524: 5518: 5514: 5512:0-333-67631-9 5508: 5504: 5500: 5499: 5494: 5490: 5488: 5484: 5480: 5479: 5469: 5463: 5459: 5458: 5452: 5449:. No. 9. 5448: 5447: 5442: 5438: 5434: 5430: 5424: 5420: 5419: 5414: 5410: 5403: 5398: 5391: 5387: 5379: 5375: 5368: 5367: 5360: 5358: 5354: 5351: 5345: 5339: 5331: 5325: 5321: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5301: 5296: 5294: 5285: 5281: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5270: 5267: 5265: 5264: 5262: 5257: 5249: 5245: 5241: 5240: 5235: 5228: 5222: 5219: 5215: 5212: 5210: 5203: 5196: 5192: 5189: 5184: 5177: 5173: 5170: 5165: 5158: 5155: 5151: 5148: 5143: 5141: 5133: 5132:0-09-942774-5 5129: 5125: 5120: 5104: 5100: 5098: 5090: 5074: 5070: 5068: 5060: 5044: 5040: 5039: 5034: 5028: 5012: 5008: 5004: 4997: 4989: 4985: 4979: 4972: 4967: 4951: 4947: 4941: 4930: 4923: 4917: 4906: 4899: 4893: 4882: 4875: 4869: 4858: 4851: 4845: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4825: 4813: 4806: 4800: 4792: 4786: 4782: 4781: 4776: 4772: 4766: 4750: 4746: 4740: 4733: 4729: 4725: 4722: 4717: 4710: 4706: 4703: 4698: 4691: 4687: 4684: 4679: 4672: 4667: 4661:, 8 June 1967 4660: 4655: 4648: 4644: 4641: 4636: 4629: 4625: 4621: 4618: 4613: 4611: 4601: 4594: 4589: 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3578: 3576: 3568: 3564: 3561: 3556: 3549: 3544: 3542: 3534: 3532: 3526: 3525: 3520: 3514: 3507: 3503: 3498: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3468: 3457: 3450: 3448: 3440: 3421: 3414: 3408: 3401: 3396: 3394: 3386: 3381: 3374: 3369: 3367: 3365: 3363: 3355: 3350: 3343: 3338: 3336: 3327: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3307: 3302: 3295: 3290: 3288: 3280: 3275: 3268: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3239: 3234: 3227: 3222: 3216:, p. 215 3215: 3210: 3203: 3198: 3196: 3194: 3186: 3181: 3179: 3177: 3169: 3164: 3157: 3153: 3150: 3145: 3138: 3133: 3131: 3129: 3127: 3125: 3123: 3113: 3111: 3103: 3098: 3096: 3094: 3092: 3090: 3088: 3086: 3084: 3082: 3080: 3072: 3067: 3065: 3063: 3055: 3050: 3043: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3024: 3019: 3012: 3007: 3000: 2995: 2988: 2984: 2980: 2977: 2972: 2970: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2956: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2920: 2913: 2907: 2900: 2895: 2893: 2891: 2883: 2878: 2871: 2866: 2860:, p. 197 2859: 2854: 2852: 2845:, p. 22. 2844: 2839: 2832: 2827: 2825: 2823: 2815: 2810: 2803: 2798: 2791: 2786: 2779: 2774: 2766: 2765: 2759: 2757: 2747: 2731: 2727: 2726: 2721: 2714: 2712: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2704: 2696: 2691: 2683: 2677: 2673: 2672: 2664: 2657: 2652: 2645: 2640: 2633: 2628: 2612: 2608: 2602: 2600: 2598: 2593: 2579: 2575: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2558: 2551: 2547: 2546: 2539: 2535: 2529: 2522: 2516: 2509: 2502: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2476: 2472: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2425: 2418: 2411: 2407: 2404: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2389: 2385: 2381: 2377: 2376: 2371: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2357: 2353: 2350: 2347: 2342: 2338: 2335: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2321: 2320: 2315: 2307: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2271:James Bamford 2268: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2257:Arabic script 2254: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2238: 2235: 2231: 2227: 2226: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2178: 2172: 2167: 2160: 2155: 2147: 2138: 2135: 2130: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2111: 2108: 2107: 2100: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2081: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2043: 2037: 2033: 2031: 2027: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1999: 1993: 1983: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1966:According to 1964: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1945: 1941: 1939: 1933: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1903: 1898: 1896: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1876: 1875: 1870: 1868: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1846: 1843: 1838: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1812:Golan Heights 1809: 1805: 1798:attack damage 1797: 1793: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1775: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1751: 1747: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1727:friendly fire 1724: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1704: 1699: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1684: 1679: 1675: 1670: 1663: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1648: 1642: 1639: 1633: 1631: 1621: 1617: 1613: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1595: 1591: 1587: 1584: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1574: 1569: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1528: 1521: 1519: 1515: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1491: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1456: 1454: 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756:ten minutes. 754: 750: 746: 742: 738: 734: 729: 727: 723: 719: 715: 710: 708: 704: 701: 697: 693: 689: 688:Yitzhak Rabin 684: 681: 676: 675:Mediterranean 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 644: 638: 635: 631: 625: 621: 620:Liberty ships 617: 613: 609: 608: 601: 600: 591: 585: 569: 566: 562: 558: 553: 551: 547: 544:, about 25.5 543: 540:north of the 539: 535: 531: 528:, during the 527: 523: 520: 516: 512: 508: 507: 501: 497: 494: 490: 488: 469: 466: 464: 463: 459: 458: 457: 456: 452: 451: 446: 444: 439: 438: 437: 436: 432: 431: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 407: 406: 405: 402: 399: 398: 393: 390: 388: 385: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 372: 368: 367: 366: 365: 361: 360: 355: 352: 351: 350: 349: 345: 344: 339: 334: 326: 321: 319: 314: 312: 307: 306: 303: 274: 257: 241: 231: 223: 220: 219: 214: 211: 207: 205: 200: 195: 191: 190: 185: 182: 178: 174: 170: 169: 164: 161: 160:United States 150: 148: 137: 136: 131: 124: 123: 118: 115: 114: 109: 80: 76: 72: 69: 68: 65: 62: 59: 58: 54: 50: 44: 39: 36: 31: 27: 22: 19: 6826: 6813: 6806: 6799: 6792: 6785: 6766:Paul Findley 6315:Furkan Doğan 6247: 6238:Jack Parsons 6217:Negev Summit 6078:Oslo Accords 5912: 5892: 5872: 5863: 5843: 5834: 5832: 5815:Reuben James 5814: 5805: 5796: 5776: 5756: 5736: 5728: 5724: 5672: 5624: 5607: 5592: 5588: 5585:Peter Hounam 5570: 5564: 5560: 5545: 5526: 5522: 5497: 5482: 5456: 5444: 5417: 5378:the original 5373: 5365: 5318: 5310:Bibliography 5302:, p. 19 5256: 5243: 5237: 5233: 5227: 5208: 5202: 5183: 5164: 5123: 5119: 5107:. Retrieved 5096: 5089: 5077:. Retrieved 5066: 5059: 5047:. Retrieved 5043:the original 5036: 5027: 5015:. Retrieved 5011:the original 5006: 4996: 4988:the original 4978: 4966: 4954:. Retrieved 4940: 4929:the original 4916: 4905:the original 4892: 4881:the original 4868: 4857:the original 4844: 4836:the original 4812:the original 4799: 4779: 4775:Aarons, Mark 4771:Loftus, John 4765: 4753:. Retrieved 4739: 4716: 4697: 4678: 4670: 4666: 4658: 4654: 4635: 4627: 4600: 4588: 4578: 4564: 4555: 4549: 4530: 4524: 4513:the original 4508: 4496: 4481: 4472: 4463: 4453: 4450:Ze'ev Schiff 4444: 4432:. Retrieved 4422:(6/1, 204). 4419: 4413: 4403: 4391:. Retrieved 4371: 4359:. Retrieved 4339: 4310:. Retrieved 4299: 4277:. Retrieved 4266: 4259: 4248: 4228: 4218: 4206:. Retrieved 4191: 4183: 4157:30 September 4155:. Retrieved 4135: 4124: 4112:. Retrieved 4101: 4093: 4081:. Retrieved 4051:. Retrieved 4037: 4033: 4011:. Retrieved 3991: 3979:. Retrieved 3953: 3929:. Retrieved 3918: 3883:. 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Retrieved 2577: 2573: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2556: 2549: 2544: 2537: 2533: 2528: 2515: 2501: 2475: 2453: 2423: 2416: 2409: 2405: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2383: 2379: 2373: 2365: 2355: 2351: 2345: 2340: 2336: 2326: 2322: 2305: 2298: 2290: 2286: 2280: 2276: 2266: 2243: 2239: 2233: 2229: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2211: 2207: 2200: 2196: 2189: 2185: 2181: 2176: 2158: 2157:Damaged USS 2131: 2112: 2103: 2101: 2096: 2084: 2082: 2076: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2058: 2050: 2040: 2038: 2034: 2023: 2018: 2002: 1997: 1991: 1989: 1979: 1975: 1965: 1956: 1946: 1943: 1937: 1934: 1926: 1922: 1916: 1910: 1901: 1899: 1889: 1885: 1879: 1873: 1866: 1857: 1849: 1847: 1841: 1839: 1830: 1828: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1807: 1806:argued that 1803: 1801: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758:responsible. 1742: 1734: 1723:Ze'ev Schiff 1716: 1712: 1701: 1695: 1685: 1677: 1673: 1668: 1661: 1644: 1637: 1635: 1627: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1600: 1578: 1576: 1571: 1567: 1557: 1550:Michael Oren 1548: 1540: 1526: 1522: 1517: 1513: 1507: 1502: 1498: 1492: 1479: 1478:, about the 1468: 1463: 1457: 1452: 1449: 1444: 1436: 1430: 1424: 1422: 1394: 1392: 1382: 1360: 1358: 1343: 1333: 1327: 1321: 1303: 1298: 1296: 1291: 1282: 1274: 1266: 1261: 1254: 1247: 1242:Kildin class 1237: 1233: 1231: 1203: 1199: 1189: 1184: 1181: 1172: 1169: 1161: 1150: 1149:standing by 1145: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1104: 1100: 1090: 1085: 1076: 1072: 1065: 1063: 1055: 1051: 1045: 1035: 1025: 1014: 1010: 1005: 1001: 995: 988: 982: 978: 976: 974:s position. 968: 960: 948: 944: 935: 926: 920: 914: 901: 896: 889: 886: 878: 872: 856: 849: 841: 837: 829: 827: 821: 817: 802: 800: 785: 780: 774: 769: 758: 752: 748: 741:Vice Admiral 736: 730: 725: 713: 711: 685: 679: 670: 661:and several 652: 642: 616:Victory ship 611: 606: 603: 598: 589: 570: 556: 554: 519:Israeli Navy 505: 486: 484: 482: 461: 442: 440: 370: 133:Participants 120: 105:31.39; 33.38 64:8 June 1967 48: 47:Damaged USS 33:Part of the 25: 18: 6943:Six-Day War 6751:StandWithUs 6591:BlueStar PR 6473:Legislation 6442:Safari Club 6115:Taba Summit 6041:Rogers Plan 5757:Water Witch 5737:Little Belt 5239:Proceedings 5109:26 November 5017:29 November 4755:16 November 4415:Proceedings 4393:26 November 4312:26 November 4279:26 November 4229:As I Saw it 3981:26 December 3402:, p. 9 3325:Argus-Press 3204:, p. 5 3073:, p. 8 3044:, p. 7 2816:, p. 5 2804:, p. 1 2792:, p. 2 2259:but in the 2121:, Israel's 2030:Jay Cristol 1972:Mark Aarons 1968:John Loftus 1750:Six-Day War 1739:Suez Crisis 1688:Ward Boston 1650:James Ennes 1641:outrageous. 1348:Silver Star 1307:human life. 1262:Little Rock 1216:Levi Eshkol 1146:Little Rock 1059:cooking off 1032:Suez Crisis 1007:five knots. 655:Six-Day War 653:During the 530:Six-Day War 526:8 June 1967 333:Six-Day War 226:171 wounded 199:Mystère IVs 194:Mirage IIIs 103: / 35:Six-Day War 6847:Categories 6402:HAVE DRILL 6212:I2U2 Group 5725:Chesapeake 5501:. London: 5261:Ennes 1987 5049:8 November 4253:Ennes 1987 4224:Rusk, Dean 3843:Scott 2009 3831:Scott 2009 3811:– NSA/CSS" 3506:Ennes 1987 3487:9 November 3306:Scott 2009 3279:Scott 2009 3238:Scott 2009 3226:Scott 2009 3214:Scott 2009 3011:Ennes 1987 2870:Ennes 1987 2858:Scott 2009 2462:References 2387:accuracy". 2339:: The USS 2134:Al Jazeera 1856:says that 1603:Incident"— 1594:complaints 1505:incident. 1433:top-secret 1022:Aldis lamp 923:Mirage III 377:Abu-Ageila 179:Commander 6231:Incidents 6034:Diplomacy 5855:1987–1988 5826:1967–1968 5717:1807–1811 5338:cite book 5095:"The USS 4269:Memorial" 3449:Incident" 3342:Oren 2000 2736:4 October 2588:Citations 2578:Amberjack 2574:Amberjack 2565:Amberjack 2561:Amberjack 2550:Amberjack 2545:Amberjack 2543:USS 2523:squadron" 2508:Oren 2000 2494:Oren 2000 2444:6 Day War 2230:El Quseir 2216:El Quseir 2119:Abba Eban 1998:Amberjack 1996:USS 1951:, former 1872:USS 1867:Lafayette 1789:starboard 1786:Amidships 1630:Dean Rusk 1387:Starboard 1260:USS 1253:USS 1246:USS 1220:Abba Eban 1144:USS 1081:starboard 1036:El Quseir 1015:When the 994:USS 987:USS 834:destroyer 763:told the 718:Dean Rusk 700:Commander 698:informed 605:USS 504:USS 468:Tel Faher 425:Bethlehem 392:massacres 224:34 killed 77:near the 6701:J Street 5875:incident 5866:incident 5846:incident 5837:incident 5817:incident 5808:incident 5799:incident 5779:incident 5759:incident 5675:incident 5495:(2002). 5415:(1990). 5353:Archived 5280:Archived 5269:Archived 5214:Archived 5207:The USS 5191:Archived 5172:Archived 5150:Archived 5103:Archived 5073:Archived 4956:24 April 4950:Archived 4777:(1994). 4749:Archived 4724:Archived 4705:Archived 4686:Archived 4643:Archived 4620:Archived 4572:Archived 4428:Archived 4384:Archived 4352:Archived 4306:Archived 4273:Archived 4226:(1991). 4202:Archived 4148:Archived 4114:17 April 4108:Archived 4083:16 April 4077:Archived 4053:16 April 4004:Archived 3972:Archived 3931:16 April 3925:Archived 3876:Archived 3807:"U.S.S. 3638:Archived 3614:Archived 3591:Archived 3563:Archived 3521:(1971). 3481:Archived 3152:Archived 2979:Archived 2611:Archived 2532:Several 2438:See also 1947:Admiral 1882:ABC News 1755:El-Arish 1706:— 1694:'s book 1367:— 1204:Saratoga 1164:Memorial 1140:flagship 1124:Saratoga 1112:Saratoga 989:Saratoga 882:Bardawil 791:radiomen 707:Tel Aviv 657:between 500:spy ship 489:incident 445:incident 415:Old City 387:El Arish 382:Um Katef 187:Strength 171:Captain 70:Location 28:incident 6514:Related 6447:Stuxnet 5915:attacks 5895:bombing 5835:Liberty 5729:Leopard 5673:Liberty 5591:Liberty 5565:Liberty 5525:Liberty 5366:Liberty 5234:Liberty 5209:Liberty 5097:Liberty 5067:Liberty 5007:Haaretz 4617:Excerpt 4434:22 June 4361:8 April 4300:Liberty 4267:Liberty 4208:22 June 4192:Liberty 4102:Liberty 4036:Liberty 3919:Liberty 3867:Liberty 3809:Liberty 3791:30 June 3767:30 June 3735:Liberty 3717:30 June 3693:30 June 3669:30 June 3633:Liberty 3586:Liberty 3531:Liberty 3447:Liberty 3323:Owosso 2987:Liberty 2928:17 June 2764:Haaretz 2756:Liberty 2617:17 June 2569:Liberty 2557:Liberty 2538:Liberty 2534:Liberty 2431: 2424:Liberty 2417:Liberty 2410:Liberty 2400:Liberty 2395:Liberty 2384:Liberty 2380:Liberty 2356:Liberty 2352:Jamming 2346:Liberty 2341:Liberty 2309:attack. 2306:Liberty 2299:Liberty 2291:Liberty 2281:Liberty 2244:Liberty 2234:Liberty 2220:Liberty 2212:Liberty 2204:vessel. 2201:Liberty 2190:Liberty 2186:Liberty 2159:Liberty 2097:Liberty 2085:Liberty 2077:Liberty 2070:Liberty 2066:Liberty 2059:Liberty 2051:Liberty 2019:Liberty 2003:Liberty 1992:Liberty 1980:Liberty 1957:Liberty 1938:Liberty 1927:America 1923:America 1911:Liberty 1890:Liberty 1864:-armed 1858:Liberty 1850:Weapons 1842:Liberty 1831:Liberty 1824:Liberty 1816:Liberty 1808:Liberty 1771:Liberty 1767:Liberty 1763:Liberty 1735:Liberty 1678:Liberty 1674:Liberty 1662:Liberty 1638:Liberty 1601:Liberty 1579:Liberty 1558:Liberty 1541:Liberty 1527:Liberty 1518:Liberty 1514:Liberty 1503:Liberty 1499:Liberty 1480:Liberty 1464:Liberty 1453:Liberty 1445:Liberty 1437:Liberty 1425:Liberty 1395:Liberty 1383:Liberty 1361:LIBERTY 1344:Liberty 1328:Liberty 1304:Liberty 1299:Liberty 1283:Liberty 1275:Liberty 1267:Liberty 1238:Liberty 1234:Liberty 1232:Though 1200:Liberty 1185:Liberty 1173:Liberty 1162:LIBERTY 1151:Liberty 1120:Liberty 1116:Liberty 1105:Liberty 1101:Liberty 1093:strafed 1086:Liberty 1079:on the 1077:Liberty 1073:Liberty 1066:Liberty 1046:Liberty 996:America 983:Liberty 979:Liberty 969:Liberty 927:Liberty 897:Liberty 890:Liberty 873:Liberty 857:Liberty 842:Liberty 838:Liberty 830:Liberty 822:Liberty 818:Liberty 803:Liberty 786:Liberty 781:Liberty 770:Liberty 753:Liberty 749:Liberty 737:Liberty 726:Liberty 714:Liberty 680:Liberty 671:Liberty 643:Liberty 607:Liberty 599:Liberty 590:Liberty 561:Israeli 557:Liberty 506:Liberty 487:Liberty 443:Liberty 91:33°23′E 88:31°23′N 49:Liberty 26:Liberty 6736:NORPAC 5844:Pueblo 5806:Kearny 5739:affair 5731:affair 5633: 5614: 5599: 5577: 5553: 5534: 5509: 5487:online 5464: 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