1938:
56:
1879:
207:
2276:(EIS) were prepared for each reactor to extend the operational period from 40 to 60 years. One study examined the EISs and found significant flaws, included failure to consider significant issues of concern. It also found that the NRC management had significantly underestimated the risk and consequences posed by a severe reactor accident such as a full-scale nuclear meltdown. NRC management asserted, without scientific evidence, that the risk of such accidents were so "Small" that the impacts could be dismissed and therefore no analysis of human and environmental was even performed. Such a conclusion is scientifically indefensible given the experience of the
38:
832:
1871:
47:
1846:
1806:
1036:
1826:
1766:
2070:. INPO refers to NANT as "our National Academy for Nuclear Training" on its website. NANT integrates and standardizes the training programs of INPO and US nuclear energy companies, offers training scholarships and interacts with the 'National Nuclear Accrediting Board'. This Board is closely related to the National Academy for Nuclear Training, not a government body, and referred to as independent by INPO, the Nuclear Energy Institute, and nuclear utilities. but not by the NRC, all of whom are represented on the board.
1786:
1706:
962:
2263:. In the late 1980s, the NRC 'created a policy' of non-enforcement by asserting its discretion not to enforce license conditions; between September 1989 and 1994, the 'NRC has either waived or chosen not to enforce regulations at nuclear power reactors over 340 times'. Finally, critics charge that the NRC has ceded important aspects of regulatory authority to the industry's own Institute for Nuclear Power Operations (INPO), an organization formed by utilities in response to the Three Mile Island Accident.
2048:
2246:
within 28 days, the NRC mailed the license to the West
Virginia postal box. Upon receipt of the license, GAO officials were able to easily modify its stipulations and remove a limit on the amount of radioactive material they could buy. A spokesman for the NRC said that the agency considered the radioactive devices a "lower-level threat"; a bomb built with the materials could have contaminated an area about the length of a city block but would not have presented an immediate health hazard.
1746:
985:
883:
1586:
1626:
1566:
2542:
1008:
934:
2111:. However, the case for widespread nuclear plant construction was eroded due to abundant natural gas supplies. Many license applications for proposed new reactors were suspended or cancelled. These will not be the cheapest energy options available, therefore not an attractive investment. In 2013, four reactors were permanently closed: San Onofre 2 and 3 in California, Crystal River 3 in Florida, and Kewaunee in Wisconsin.
628:
2203:
1726:
1606:
911:
2651:
the NRC and the lead author of the leaked report, filed a complaint with the agency's
Inspector General, asserting that NRC staff had improperly redacted information from the public version of his report "to prevent the disclosure of this safety information to the public because it will embarrass the agency." Perkins wrote. "Concurrently, the NRC concealed the information from the public."
2693:
seven of the 12 safety recommendations put forward by a federal task force in July 2011. The recommendations include "new standards aimed at strengthening operators' ability to deal with a complete loss of power, ensuring plants can withstand floods and earthquakes and improving emergency response capabilities". The new safety standards will take up to five years to fully implement.
2397:, saying "I cannot support issuing this license as if Fukushima never happened". In July 2011, Mark Cooper said that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission is "on the defensive to prove it is doing its job of ensuring safety". In October 2011, Jaczko described "a tension between wanting to move in a timely manner on regulatory questions, and not wanting to go too fast".
2689:(EIS). Yet this conflicts with NRC's internal analyses which concluded that flooding presented a serious human and environmental risk. Critics charge that if these relicensing EISs failed to evaluate the risks of flooding, then how can the public be confident that NRC did not mislead stakeholders concerning other risks such as the potential for a nuclear meltdown.
2389:. For example, he supported the requirement that new plants be able to withstand an aircraft crash. On February 9, 2012, Jaczko cast the lone dissenting vote on plans to build the first new nuclear power plant in more than 30 years when the NRC voted 4–1 to allow Atlanta-based Southern Co to build and operate two new nuclear power reactors at its existing
1891:
Licensing Board Panel, as well as eight commission staff offices (Office of
Commission Appellate Adjudication, Office of Congressional Affairs, Office of the General Counsel, Office of International Programs, Office of Public Affairs, Office of the Secretary, Office of the Chief Financial Officer, Office of the Executive Director for Operations).
2035:
licensees. It has been upgraded in
October 2010 and is now webbased. Of documents from 1980 to 1999 only some have abstracts and/or full text, most are citations. Documents from before 1980 are available in paper or microfiche formats. Copies of these older documents or classified documents can be applied for with a
1905:, specifically the Allegations Program, Office of Investigations, Office of Nuclear Security and Incident Response, Region I, Region II, Region III, Region IV, Office of the Chief Information Officer, Office of Administration, Office of the Chief Human Capital Officer, and Office of Small Business and Civil Rights.
2684:
This raised a second and potentially larger issue. NRC recently completed its license renewal program which extended the operating licenses of the nation's fleet of nuclear reactors for an additional 20 years. NRC stated that the probability of a severe accident is so incredible that the consequences
2254:
Twelve years into NRC operations, a 1987 congressional report entitled "NRC Coziness with
Industry" concluded, that the NRC "has not maintained an arms length regulatory posture with the commercial nuclear power industry ... has, in some critical areas, abdicated its role as a regulator altogether".
265:
in 2011, the NRC developed a guidance strategy known as "Diverse and
Flexible Coping Strategies (FLEX)" which requires licensee nuclear power plants to account for beyond-design-basis external events (seismic, flooding, high-winds, etc.) that are most impactful to reactor safety through loss of power
2650:
This criticism is collaborated by two NRC whistleblowers who accused their management of deliberately covering up information concerning the vulnerability of flooding, and of failing to take corrective actions despite being aware of these risks for years. Richard
Perkins, a second risk engineer with
2245:
set up a false company and obtained a license from the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission that would have allowed them to buy the radioactive materials needed for a dirty bomb. According to the GAO report, NRC officials did not visit the company or attempt to personally interview its executives. Instead,
2171:
Nuclear power regulation is a textbook example of the problem of "regulatory capture" — in which an industry gains control of an agency meant to regulate it. Regulatory capture can be countered only by vigorous public scrutiny and
Congressional oversight, but in the 32 years since Three Mile Island,
2085:
In 1999, NRC issued a final rule on operator initial licensing examination, that allows companies to prepare, proctor, and grade their own operator initial licensing examinations. Facilities can "upon written request" continue to have the examinations prepared and administered by NRC staff, but if a
2081:
In 1993, NRC endorsed the industry's approach to training that had been used for nearly a decade through its 'Training Rule'. In
February 1994, NRC passed the 'Operator Requalification Rule' 59 FR 5938, Feb. 9, 1994, allowing each nuclear power plant company to conduct the operator licensing renewal
2034:
NRC has a library, which also contains online document collections. In 1984 it started an electronic repository called ADAMS, the Agencywide Documents Access and Management System. for its public inspection reports, correspondence, and other technical documents written by NRC staff, contractors, and
781:
2709:
Oregon's NuScale Power signed an agreement with the Polish mining and processing firm KGHM to deploy NuScale's innovative small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs) in Poland by 2029. At the U.N.'s Glasgow Climate Change Conference in November, NuScale contracted with a Romanian energy company to deploy
2676:
NRC's 2011 leaked report notes that "dam failure incidents are common". NRC estimated the odds that dams constructed like Jocassee will fail is about 1 in 3,600 failures per year. Oconee is licensed to operate for another 20 years. The odds of the Jocassee Dam failing over that period are 1 in 180.
2638:
Following the Fukushima disaster, the NRC prepared a report in 2011 to examine the risk that dam failures posed on the nation's fleet of nuclear reactors. A redacted version of NRC's report on dam failures was posted on the NRC website on March 6. The original, un-redacted version was leaked to the
2077:
directed NRC in Section 306 to issue regulations or "other appropriate regulatory guidance" on training of nuclear plant personnel. Since the nuclear industry already had developed training and accreditation, NRC issued a policy statement in 1985, endorsing the INPO program. NRC has a memorandum of
332:
The NRC's mission is to regulate the nation's civilian use of byproduct, source, and special nuclear materials to ensure adequate protection of public health and safety, to promote the common defense and security, and to protect the environment. The NRC's regulatory mission covers three main areas:
2692:
NRC officials stated in June 2011 that US nuclear safety rules do not adequately weigh the risk of a single event that would knock out electricity from the grid and from emergency generators, as a quake and tsunami did in Japan. In October 2011, and NRC instructed agency staff to move forward with
1890:
The NRC consists of the commission on the one hand and offices of the executive director for Operations on the other. The commission is divided into two committees (Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards and Advisory Committee on the Medical Uses of Isotopes) and one Board, the Atomic Safety and
2292:
be assessed (40 Code of Federal Regulations §1508.7). By disregarding this basic requirement, NRC effectively misrepresented the risk posed to the nation by approximately two orders of magnitude (i.e., the true risk is about 100 greater than NRC represented). These findings were corroborated in a
2135:
Byrne and Hoffman wrote in 1996, that since the 1980s the NRC has generally favored the interests of nuclear industry, and been unduly responsive to industry concerns, while failing to pursue tough regulation. The NRC has often sought to hamper or deny public access to the regulatory process, and
2646:
The leaked version of the report concluded that one-third of the U.S. nuclear fleet (34 plants) may face flooding hazards greater than they were designed to withstand. It also shows that NRC management was aware of some aspects of this risk for 15 years and yet it had done nothing to effectively
2680:
NRC identified 34 reactors that lie downstream from a total of more than 50 dams. More than half of these dams are roughly the size of the Jocassee dam. Assuming the NRC's failure rate applies to all of these dams, the chance that one will fail over the next 40 years is about one in four or 25
2192:
in Connecticut kept warning management, that the spent fuel rods were being put too quickly into the spent storage pool and that the number of rods in the pool exceeded specifications. Management ignored him, so he went directly to the NRC, which eventually admitted that it knew of both of the
4671:
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission: Policy and Governance Challenges: Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power and the Subcommittee on Environment and the Economy of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session,
3414:
In accordance with its memorandum of agreement with the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO), the NRC monitors INPO accreditation activities as part of its assessment of the effectiveness of the industry's training programs. (The NRC also monitors the selected performance areas of its
730:
2700:
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has also been criticized for its reluctance to allow for innovation and experimentation, even controlled for and purportedly safe methods of deploying nuclear power that countries such as Poland are approving before the United States. As reported by
860:
679:
758:
656:
707:
809:
2642:
The un-redacted version which was leaked to the public highlights the threat that flooding poses to nuclear power plants located near large dams and substantiates claims that NRC management has intentionally misled the public for years about the severity of the flooding.
364:
for five-year terms. One of them is designated by the president to be the chairman and official spokesperson of the commission. The chairman is the principal executive officer of the NRC, who exercise all of the executive and administrative functions of the commission.
2696:
In November 2011, Jaczko warned power companies against complacency and said the agency must "push ahead with new rules prompted by the nuclear crisis in Japan, while also resolving long-running issues involving fire protection and a new analysis of earthquake risks".
3303:
2336:
released a study critical of the NRC's 2010 performance as a regulator. The UCS said that over the years, it had found the NRC's enforcement of safety rules has not been "timely, consistent, or effective" and it cited 14 "near-misses" at U.S. plants in 2010 alone.
4529:
2654:
Larry Criscione, a second NRC risk engineer also raised concerns about the NRC withholding information concerning the risk of flooding. He stated that assertions by NRC's management that plants are "currently able to mitigate flooding events," was false.
3383:
The independent National Nuclear Accrediting Board evaluates operator and technical training programs for nuclear plants throughout the industry, ensuring that accredited training programs meet the highest standards for excellence and incorporate best
4387:
296:
2713:
This kind of advanced energy technology will likely be powering homes and businesses in Europe before the first reactor is completed in the United States. That's because the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is in no hurry to help.
2677:
NRC requires risks to be investigated if they have a frequency of more than 1 in 10,000 years. For a reactor operating over a period of 40 years, these risks must be evaluated if they have a chance greater than a 1 in 250 of occurring.
2126:
units 3 and 4, the first time NRC had extended licenses to 80 years total lifetime. Similar extensions for about 20 reactors are planned or intended, with more expected in the future. This will reduce demand for replacement new builds.
1486:
2415:
In 2011, a total of 45 groups and individuals from across the nation formally asked the NRC to suspend all licensing and other activities at 21 proposed nuclear reactor projects in 15 states until the NRC completed a thorough
1911:
NRC's proposed FY 2015 budget is $ 1,059.5 million, with 3,895.9 full-time equivalents (FTE), 90 percent of which is recovered by fees. This is an increase of $ 3.6 million, including 65.1 FTE, compared to FY 2014.
218:
was in charge of matters regarding radionuclides. The AEC was dissolved, because it was perceived as unduly favoring the industry it was charged with regulating. The NRC was formed as an independent commission to oversee
4983:
2340:
In April 2011, Reuters reported that diplomatic cables showed NRC sometimes being used as a sales tool to help push American technology to foreign governments, when "lobbying for the purchase of equipment made by
2066:(INPO) within 9 months to establish personnel training and qualification. The industry through INPO created the 'National Academy for Nuclear Training Program' either as early as 1980 or in September 1985 per the
4537:
1250:
3228:
3366:
320:
4455:
4703:
4507:
4197:
1506:
1446:
1426:
1686:
1666:
1526:
1386:
1328:
1268:
1646:
1348:
1190:
1150:
1368:
1230:
1546:
1466:
1130:
1110:
2293:
final report prepared by a special Washington State Legislature Nuclear Power Task Force, titled, "Doesn't NRC Address Consequences of Severe Accidents in EISs for re-licensing?"
1288:
1170:
1308:
1090:
3723:
1210:
4676:
3229:
US Congress. House Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Research and Production, US President's Commission on the Accident at Three Mile Island (1980).
1406:
2710:
its SMR technology in that country by 2028. NuScale has signed similar memoranda of understanding with electric power companies in Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, and Ukraine.
5357:
4445:
NRC's July 2011 report on dam failures say that the 2009 letter is not publicly available; this quote here is taken from the unredacted version of the NRC's July 2011 report
4850:
5285:
2512:
The petitioners asked the NRC to supplement its own investigation by establishing an independent commission comparable to that set up in the wake of the less severe 1979
3664:
3415:
licensees as part of its assessment.) The NRC monitors INPO activities by observing accreditation team visits and the monthly National Nuclear Accrediting Board meetings.
2288:
accidents. Another finding was that NRC had concealed the risk posed to the public at large by disregarding one of the most important EIS requirements, mandating that
3780:
4790:
1691:
1671:
1531:
1511:
552:
4111:
4042:
1937:
1235:
2259:
A 1986 Congressional report found that NRC staff had provided valuable technical assistance to the utility seeking an operating license for the controversial
5091:
3619:
1273:
723:
4388:"Fukushima Fallout: 45 Groups and Individuals Petition NRC to Suspend All Nuclear Reactor Licensing and Conduct a "Credible" Three Mile Island-Style Review"
2272:
One example involves the license renewal program that NRC initiated to extend the operating licenses for the nation's fleet of commercial nuclear reactors.
4997:
4928:
4783:
3682:
2783:
2760:
2744:
2673:
is a credible event". It goes on to state that "NRC staff expressed concerns that Duke has not demonstrated that the units will be adequately protected."
1651:
171:
2647:
address the problem. Some flooding events are so serious that they could result in a "severe" nuclear accident, up to, and including, a nuclear meltdown.
2345:
and other domestic manufacturers". This gives the appearance of a regulator which is acting in a commercial capacity, "raising concerns about a potential
4730:
1391:
1313:
751:
4843:
3806:
4462:
2755:
to license such a temporary storage facility that is not at a nuclear power station or federal site, nullifying the purported license. Another CISF in
1095:
649:
5377:
5210:
4946:
4764:
3903:
2525:
2493:
1215:
1135:
1115:
700:
5382:
5045:
4884:
4069:
2778:
2018:, namely 94 power-producing reactors, and 31 non-power-producing, or research and test reactors. Oversight is done on several levels. For example:
1471:
4515:
5068:
4820:
3851:
5180:
4834:
3989:
2681:
percent chance. This dam failure rate does not include risks posed by earthquakes or terrorism. Thus, the true probability may be much higher.
2559:
235:
5372:
2606:
2375:
led to an uncontrolled release of radioactive contamination, and forced the Japanese Government to evacuate approximately 100,000 citizens.
5362:
2153:
The NRC has been accused of having conflicting roles as regulator and "salesman" in a 2011 Reuters article, doing an inadequate job by the
1932:
4488:
2578:
5352:
5217:
5038:
4990:
2803:
2103:
Between 2007 and 2009, 13 companies applied to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for construction and operating licenses to build 25 new
4043:
U.S. House of Representatives, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, Subcommittee on General, Oversight and Investigations (1987).
4960:
4900:
4142:
3036:
2972:
2036:
1897:
is the chairman of the NRC. There are 14 Executive Director for Operations offices: Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards,
5367:
5230:
2585:
2505:
2489:
2457:
2143:
2055:
NRC conducts audits and training inspections, observes the National Nuclear Accrediting Board meetings, and nominates some members.
4866:
4665:
4045:"NRC' COZINESS- WITH" INDUSTRY" Nuclear Regulatory Commission Fails to Maintain Arms Length Relationship with the Nuclear Industry"
2793:
2098:
1981:
255:
266:
and loss of ultimate heat sink. FLEX Strategies have been implemented at all operating nuclear power plants in the United States.
5299:
4893:
4873:
4723:
3600:
2485:
2465:
2180:
stated that many forms of NRC regulatory failure exist, including regulations ignored by the common consent of NRC and industry:
2123:
1995:
1967:
4345:
2367:. The subsequent loss of offsite power and flooding of onsite emergency diesel generators led to loss of coolant and subsequent
2062:
recommended that the nuclear energy industry "set and police its own standards of excellence". The nuclear industry founded the
5347:
5262:
5255:
5022:
4914:
4748:
2723:
In September 2021 the NRC issued a license for a privately operated temporary consolidated interim storage facility (CISF) for
2592:
2481:
1953:
352:– Transportation, storage, and disposal of nuclear materials and waste, and decommissioning of nuclear facilities from service.
269:
The origins and development of NRC regulatory processes and policies are explained in five volumes of history published by the
215:
179:
92:
4223:
250:, was split into the Office of Nuclear Energy, Science & Technology within ERDA by the same act. In 1977, ERDA became the
5123:
4578:
3741:
2473:
2449:
2429:
2364:
2063:
3557:
2360:
2302:
5292:
5075:
5052:
4827:
3969:
2497:
2445:
2260:
2193:
forbidden practices, which happened at many plants, but chose to ignore them. The whistleblower was fired and blacklisted.
1898:
340:– Commercial reactors for generating electric power and research and test reactors used for research, testing, and training
4428:
2574:
5029:
2798:
2453:
2078:
agreement with INPO and "monitors INPO activities by observing accreditation team visits and the monthly NNAB meetings".
55:
5196:
5164:
5116:
4716:
4698:
4165:
4095:
3639:
2788:
2773:
2521:
2477:
2441:
2405:
2382:
2372:
2310:
2285:
2067:
251:
220:
3477:
2167:
in Pennsylvania, the NRC has often been too timid in ensuring that America's commercial reactors are operated safely:
1945:
The NRC territory is broken down into four geographical regions; until the late 1990s, there was a Region V office in
5173:
4680:
4007:
3257:
2808:
2625:
2461:
2329:
Natural Resources and Energy Committee had asked the NRC about the pipes and the NRC also did not know they existed.
2177:
1485:
882:
175:
4118:
5241:
2662:: "The redacted information shows that the NRC is lying to the American public about the safety of U.S. reactors,"
2390:
2326:
2242:
3616:
3230:
2082:
examination every six years, eliminating the requirement of NRC-administered written requalification examination.
346:– Uses of nuclear materials in medical, industrial, and academic settings and facilities that produce nuclear fuel
4813:
4806:
4799:
2469:
2015:
4025:
3832:
5203:
3504:
2686:
2563:
2273:
2025:
Numerous special inspection teams, with many different specialties, routinely conduct inspections at each site.
357:
270:
3875:
3397:
2950:
2356:, said in 2011 that instead of being a watchdog, the NRC too often rules in favor of nuclear plant operators.
1878:
4967:
3814:
2659:
2342:
2333:
2306:
2189:
2154:
1957:
183:
5387:
5061:
4953:
4268:
3582:
2599:
1902:
3123:
2923:
37:
5315:
4974:
4757:
4641:
3431:
2425:
2234:
2007:
228:
2241:
in further attacks in the United States and elsewhere. In March 2007, undercover investigators from the
5324:
5248:
4655:
2513:
2437:
2417:
2394:
2277:
2164:
2116:
2059:
1975:
1961:
1908:
Of these operations offices, NRC's major program components are the first two offices mentioned above.
262:
4406:
3015:
206:
5276:
5139:
4739:
2748:
2433:
2314:
3986:
3163:
2496:, SC);a construction permit decision (Bellefonte Units 1 and 2); and an operating license decision (
4326:
2994:
2752:
2385:
occurred in Japan. Jaczko looked for lessons for the US, and strengthened security regulations for
2353:
2074:
1989:
1946:
1916:
105:
4241:
1919:(although the mailing address for two of the three main buildings in the complex list the city as
5269:
5015:
4857:
3880:
3109:
2552:
2146:
in 2007, said that the five-member NRC had become "captive of the industries that it regulates".
243:
4604:
4530:"NRC chair warns nuclear industry against complacency, says it must resolve long-running issues"
3531:
831:
5146:
5130:
3450:
3084:
2669:
has been shown to be at particular risk from flooding. An NRC letter dated 2009 states that "a
2666:
1883:
2500:, TN). In addition, the petition asks the NRC to halt proceedings to approve the standardized
1901:, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, Office of Enforcement, which investigates reports by
529:
has nominated the following to fill a seat at the commission. They await Senate confirmation.
174:
tasked with protecting public health and safety related to nuclear energy. Established by the
4921:
4552:
2728:
2022:
Each power-producing reactor site has resident inspectors, who monitor day-to-day operations.
2003:
1894:
1811:
1293:
1029:
404:
369:
304:
The Road to Yucca Mountain: The Development of Radioactive Waste Policy in the United States
187:
134:
17:
3934:
3701:
3269:
2346:
2226:
2086:
company volunteers to prepare the examination, NRC continues to approve and administer it.
361:
3807:"Preventing Nuclear Meltdown: Assessing Regulatory Failure in Japan and the United States"
2089:
Since 2000 meetings between NRC and applicants or licensees have been open to the public.
8:
2386:
2207:
2160:
1870:
1451:
1333:
1249:
825:
774:
4708:
4429:"Leaked Report Suggests Long-Known Flood Threat To Nuclear Plants, Safety Advocates Say"
3938:
3273:
178:, the NRC began operations on January 19, 1975, as one of two successor agencies to the
5153:
5107:
4307:
3950:
3852:"Japanese Nuclear Reactors, U.S. Safety to Take Center Stage on Capitol Hill This Week"
2724:
2289:
2281:
2150:
1711:
1431:
1155:
955:
4364:
4183:
Preparing NEPA Environmental Assessments: A Users Guide to Best Professional Practices
2876:
2325:
had denied under oath even existed. At a hearing in 2009 Tony Klein, chairman of the
46:
5100:
4311:
4161:
4136:
4091:
4063:
3954:
2702:
2352:
San Clemente Green, an environmental group opposed to the continued operation of the
1805:
1631:
1353:
1195:
1035:
1001:
672:
242:. Research and promotion of civil uses of radioactive materials, such as for nuclear
3203:
3177:
2531:
2448:, NH); 13 new reactor combined construction permit and operating license decisions (
1845:
5084:
4907:
4645:
4299:
3942:
3398:"The United States of America National Report for the Convention on Nuclear Safety"
3281:
3277:
2924:"NRC: A Short History of Nuclear Regulation, 1946–2009 (NUREG/BR-0175, Revision 2)"
2740:
2401:
2368:
2222:
1999:
1971:
1751:
978:
224:
3058:
2894:
2831:
2317:
voted overwhelmingly to deny an extension. The plant had been found to be leaking
2115:, in Vernon, was shut down on December 29, 2014. New York state eventually closed
4287:
4044:
3993:
3623:
2424:
The petition seeks suspension of six existing reactor license renewal decisions (
1985:
1851:
1825:
1791:
1785:
1765:
1705:
1551:
961:
853:
792:
485:
433:
373:
318:, a former academic, is the NRC historian. Before joining the NRC, Wellock wrote
4456:"Union of Concerned Scientists, Dam Failures and Flooding at U.S. Nuclear Plant"
3367:"PG&E Senior Vice President Appointed to National Nuclear Accrediting Board"
2743:
in the state, petitioned for a court review of the license. In August 2023 the
2736:
2718:
2517:
2378:
2185:
2112:
1591:
1571:
1175:
927:
894:
315:
239:
4660:
3922:
3124:"Congressional Budget Justification: Fiscal Year 2015 (NUREG-1100, Volume 30)"
2047:
5341:
4693:
4303:
4198:"Democrats step up pressure on nuclear regulators over disaster preparedness"
3946:
3451:"Renewal of Licenses and Requalification Requirements for Licensed Operators"
2218:
2108:
2104:
1920:
1611:
904:
741:
247:
3346:
1745:
984:
290:
Permissible Dose: A History of Radiation Protection in the Twentieth Century
284:
Containing the Atom: Nuclear Regulation in a Changing Environment, 1963–1971
3509:
NRC Regulations (10 CFR) PART 55—Operators licenses, § 55.40 Implementation
2670:
2318:
2139:
1831:
1771:
1491:
1019:
945:
876:
843:
690:
459:
191:
3724:"Nuclear Plants, Old and Uncompetitive, Are Closing Earlier Than Expected"
3149:
1445:
4771:
4544:
3683:"Experts: Even higher costs and more headaches for nuclear power in 2012"
1425:
639:
621:
4248:. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation
1685:
1665:
1525:
1505:
1385:
4650:
2756:
2747:
ruled that the NRC does not have the authority from Congress under the
2566: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2238:
1731:
1411:
802:
571:
258:
was created as a subcomponent of DOE, responsible for nuclear weapons.
195:
194:
safety, and managing the storage, security, recycling, and disposal of
2149:
Numerous different observers have criticized the NRC as an example of
1327:
1267:
780:
4670:
3348:
1645:
1585:
1047:
526:
376:
designated Hanson as chairman of the NRC effective January 20, 2021.
321:
Critical Masses: Opposition to Nuclear Power in California, 1958–1978
186:
and security, administering reactor licensing and renewal, licensing
4158:
The EIS Book: Managing and Preparing Environmental Impact Statements
4088:
The EIS Book: Managing and Preparing Environmental Impact Statements
2895:"DIVERSE AND FLEXIBLE COPING STRATEGIES (FLEX) IMPLEMENTATION GUIDE"
2541:
2157:, and the agency approval process has been called a "rubber stamp".
1625:
1565:
1347:
1189:
1149:
1007:
933:
278:
Controlling the Atom: The Beginnings of Nuclear Regulation 1946–1962
4685:
2214:
1882:
The three building that comprise NRC's North Bethesda campus, with
1367:
1229:
729:
4605:"Appeal from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Agency No. 72-1050"
2404:, Democrat of Massachusetts, criticized the NRC's response to the
2237:, have prompted fears that extremist groups might use radioactive
1545:
1465:
1129:
1109:
859:
3204:"FAQ About the Agencywide Documents Access and Management System"
2685:
can be dismissed from the analysis of impacts in its relicensing
2532:
Intentionally concealing reports concerning the risks of flooding
2322:
1169:
678:
627:
4489:"U.S. Reactors Unprepared for Total Power Loss, Report Suggests"
2658:
David Lochbaum, a nuclear engineer and safety advocate with the
2393:
in Georgia. He cited safety concerns stemming from Japan's 2011
2122:
In 2019 the NRC approved a second 20-year license extension for
1307:
1287:
1089:
757:
655:
2826:
2824:
2501:
2409:
2230:
2202:
2119:, in Buchanan, 30 miles from New York City, on April 30, 2021.
1949:
which was absorbed into Region IV, and Region V was dissolved.
1209:
706:
2732:
1725:
1605:
1405:
910:
808:
297:
Three Mile Island: A Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective
238:(ERDA) in 1975, responsible for development and oversight of
3833:"Exclusive: U.S. nuclear regulator a policeman or salesman?"
3830:
2821:
2739:, which had passed a law in 2022 prohibiting the storage of
2719:
Exceeding powers licensing off-site interim storage facility
3532:"Staff Meetings Open to the Public: Final Policy Statement"
2172:
interest in nuclear regulation has declined precipitously.
2309:, the NRC approved a 20-year extension for the license of
2267:
4968:
Federal Election Campaign Act Amendments of 1974 and 1976
4738:
3329:
Pate, Zack T. (Autumn 1986). "INPO's impact in the USA".
563:
517:
501:
496:
475:
470:
449:
444:
423:
418:
356:
The NRC is headed by five commissioners appointed by the
3373:. Pacific Gas and Electric Corporation. 11 February 2013
2130:
549:
401:
4635:
4269:"U.S. approves first new nuclear plant in a generation"
3583:"U.S. approves first new nuclear plant in a generation"
1915:
NRC headquarters offices are located in unincorporated
568:
3876:"Is the Government's Nuclear Regulator Up to the Job?"
3831:
Ben Berkowitz & Roberta Rampton (April 18, 2011).
149:
4346:"U.S. Regulator Says Fukushima Lessons Can Percolate"
4049:
An Investigative Report 100th" Congress First Session
3558:"MIT: Cheap gas, not renewables, caused nuclear woes"
3347:
Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) (2012).
2408:
and the decision-making on the proposed Westinghouse
2307:
damaged Japan's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
5358:
Independent agencies of the United States government
4929:
Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States
4612:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
4081:
4079:
3505:"Subpart E—Written Examinations and Operating Tests"
3478:"Initial Licensed Operator Examination Requirements"
2953:. Nuclear Engineering International. 28 January 2021
2784:
List of canceled nuclear plants in the United States
2761:
United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
2745:
United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
2014:
In these four regions NRC oversees the operation of
4288:"The implications of Fukushima: The US perspective"
4686:Technical Report Archive and Image Library (TRAIL)
4242:"FUKUSHIMA DAIICHI NUCLEAR POWER STATION ACCIDENT"
482:
430:
172:independent agency of the United States government
5211:Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products
4998:Vietnam Era Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act
4076:
3742:"Turkey Point licensed for 80 years of operation"
2965:
2494:William States Lee III Nuclear Generating Station
2197:
5339:
4691:
4579:"Court annuls licence for Texas used fuel store"
4505:
4026:"A Nuclear Ruse Uncovers Holes in U.S. Security"
4005:
3901:
2363:led to unprecedented damage and flooding of the
4677:The future of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
4597:
4343:
3804:
3774:
3772:
3355:. Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO).
3304:"National Academy for Nuclear Training Program"
456:
312:A Short History of Nuclear Regulation 1946–2009
5181:Energy Research and Development Administration
3923:"Fukushima and the inevitability of accidents"
3920:
3869:
3867:
3865:
3849:
3778:
3029:
2945:
2943:
2321:through a network of underground pipes, which
2136:created new barriers to public participation.
2058:The 1980 Kemeny Commission's report after the
236:Energy Research and Development Administration
4724:
4422:
4420:
4362:
4266:
4224:"Anti-nuclear protest planned at NRC meeting"
4221:
4195:
3873:
3580:
2779:International Nuclear Regulators' Association
2042:
4656:NRC list of power-producing nuclear reactors
4571:
4486:
4324:
4068:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3769:
3734:
3721:
3662:
3640:"10 Reasons Not to Invest in Nuclear Energy"
3333:. International Atomic Energy Agency: 60–62.
2249:
2213:Terrorist attacks such as those executed by
2092:
1933:Regions of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
327:
314:, which outlines key issues in NRC history.
5039:National Mass Transportation Assistance Act
4404:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4285:
3862:
3699:
3331:International Atomic Energy Agency Bulletin
2940:
2804:Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations
2163:wrote in March 2011, that despite the 1979
164:United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission
4961:Education for All Handicapped Children Act
4901:Vladivostok Summit Meeting on Arms Control
4731:
4717:
4417:
3826:
3824:
3781:"Ex-regulator flacking for pro-nuke lobby"
3717:
3715:
54:
4189:
3967:
3921:Charles Perrow (November–December 2011).
3762:John Byrne and Steven M. Hoffman (1996).
3255:
2856:John Byrne and Steven M. Hoffman (1996).
2626:Learn how and when to remove this message
2506:Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor
2490:Alvin W. Vogtle Electric Generating Plant
2458:Calvert Cliffs Nuclear Generating Station
1874:NRC Organizational Chart in February 2019
5378:1974 establishments in the United States
4702:) is being considered for deletion. See
4666:Canceled Nuclear Units Ordered in the US
4661:NRC list of non-power-producing reactors
4375:
4036:
3764:Governing the Atom: The Politics of Risk
3665:"Atomic Power's Green Light or Red Flag"
3237:. U.S. Govt. Print. Off. pp. 40–129
3164:"Map of Research and Test Reactor Sites"
2858:Governing the Atom: The Politics of Risk
2852:
2850:
2848:
2794:Nuclear renaissance in the United States
2201:
2099:Nuclear renaissance in the United States
2046:
1936:
1923:), and there are four regional offices.
1877:
1869:
1055:
379:
256:National Nuclear Security Administration
205:
5383:Government agencies established in 1974
5300:Water Resources Development Act of 1976
3980:
3821:
3712:
3432:"Related Documents and Other Resources"
3342:
3340:
3231:"Kemeny Commission findings: Oversight"
2870:
2868:
2866:
2486:Turkey Point Nuclear Generating Station
2466:Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station
2268:Nuclear Reactor License Renewal Program
2029:
14:
5340:
5263:Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
5256:Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
5023:Federal-Aid Highway Amendments of 1974
4915:National Security Study Memorandum 200
4550:
4508:"Nuke regulators toughen safety rules"
4426:
4141:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
3425:
3423:
3116:
3008:
2482:South Texas Nuclear Generating Station
2381:was chairman of the NRC when the 2011
180:United States Atomic Energy Commission
27:Government agency of the United States
5124:Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board
4765:VP confirmation of Nelson Rockefeller
4712:
3744:. World Nuclear News. 6 December 2019
3536:Federal Register Volume 65 Number 183
3482:Federal Register Volume 64, Number 78
3455:Federal Register Volume 59, Number 27
2845:
2759:is similarly being challenged in the
2474:North Anna Nuclear Generating Station
2450:Bellefonte Nuclear Generating Station
2365:Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
2131:Controversy, concerns, and criticisms
2064:Institute of Nuclear Power Operations
5373:Nuclear history of the United States
5293:Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976
5076:Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
5053:Commodity Futures Trading Commission
4018:
3961:
3574:
3337:
3328:
3322:
2987:
2863:
2564:adding citations to reliable sources
2535:
2498:Watts Bar Nuclear Generating Station
2446:Seabrook Station Nuclear Power Plant
1899:Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
182:. Its functions include overseeing
5363:Nuclear energy in the United States
5030:Federal Bridge Gross Weight Formula
3999:
3601:Entergy says nuclear remains costly
3529:
3502:
3475:
3448:
3420:
3395:
3301:
3256:Lanouette, William (January 1980).
3249:
3051:
2874:
2799:Nuclear safety in the United States
2454:Callaway Nuclear Generating Station
582:
24:
5353:Governmental nuclear organizations
5197:Energy Policy and Conservation Act
5117:Securities Acts Amendments of 1975
4536:. 11 November 2011. Archived from
4006:Nicholas Kristof (10 March 2004).
3902:Frank Von Hippel (23 March 2011).
3593:
3310:. Nuclear Energy Institute nei.org
3222:
2789:Nuclear power in the United States
2774:International Atomic Energy Agency
2522:Southern Alliance for Clean Energy
2478:Shearon Harris Nuclear Power Plant
2442:Pilgrim Nuclear Generating Station
2406:Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
2373:Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster
2311:Vermont Yankee Nuclear Power Plant
2303:2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
2068:International Atomic Energy Agency
252:United States Department of Energy
25:
5399:
5174:Energy Reorganization Act of 1974
4706:to help reach a consensus. ›
4681:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
4629:
4344:Matthew L. Wald (July 28, 2011).
4292:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
3927:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
3805:Daniel Kaufmann (April 1, 2011).
3766:, Transaction Publishers, p. 160.
3706:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
3262:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
2860:, Transaction Publishers, p. 163.
2809:Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
2462:Comanche Peak Nuclear Power Plant
2430:Davis–Besse Nuclear Power Station
2296:
2178:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
176:Energy Reorganization Act of 1974
5368:Nuclear regulatory organizations
5242:Federal Noxious Weed Act of 1974
4427:Zeller, Tom (October 19, 2012).
4407:"Anti nuclear movement gears up"
4363:Peter Fairley (March 15, 2011).
4325:Matthew Wald (October 4, 2011).
4222:Onell R. Soto (April 28, 2011).
4196:Jia Lynn Yang (March 18, 2011).
3850:Hannah Northey (28 March 2011).
3779:Justin Elliott (17 March 2011).
3702:"Nuclear aging: Not so graceful"
2951:"Biden appoints new head of NRC"
2735:. However a group including the
2540:
2391:Vogtle Electric Generating Plant
2243:Government Accountability Office
1844:
1824:
1804:
1784:
1764:
1744:
1724:
1704:
1684:
1664:
1644:
1624:
1604:
1584:
1564:
1544:
1524:
1504:
1484:
1464:
1444:
1424:
1404:
1384:
1366:
1346:
1326:
1306:
1286:
1266:
1248:
1228:
1208:
1188:
1168:
1148:
1128:
1108:
1088:
1034:
1006:
983:
960:
932:
909:
881:
858:
830:
807:
779:
756:
728:
705:
677:
654:
626:
310:The NRC has produced a booklet,
45:
36:
4522:
4506:Andrew Restuccia (2011-10-20).
4499:
4480:
4448:
4439:
4398:
4356:
4337:
4318:
4279:
4260:
4234:
4215:
4174:
4149:
4104:
3914:
3895:
3874:Kate Sheppard (17 March 2011).
3843:
3798:
3756:
3693:
3675:
3656:
3632:
3609:
3550:
3523:
3496:
3469:
3442:
3429:
3389:
3359:
3295:
3196:
3170:
3156:
3142:
3102:
3077:
3039:. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
3016:"Chairman Kristine L. Svinicki"
2975:. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
2687:environmental impact statements
2575:"Nuclear Regulatory Commission"
2551:needs additional citations for
2470:Levy County Nuclear Power Plant
2301:In Vermont, the day before the
2274:Environmental impact statements
1865:
4553:"America's Nuclear Reluctance"
4551:Bailey, Ronald (23 May 2022).
4487:Matthew Wald (June 15, 2011).
4365:"Fukushima's Spreading Impact"
3722:Matthew Wald (June 14, 2013).
3663:Matthew Wald (June 11, 2013).
3617:AmerenUE pulls plug on project
3282:10.1080/00963402.1980.11458680
3258:"The Kemeny Commission Report"
3059:"Organization & Functions"
2916:
2887:
2452:Units 3 and 4, AL, Bell Bend,
2198:Terrorism concerns and threats
358:president of the United States
271:University of California Press
13:
1:
5348:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
5188:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
4642:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
4636:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
4405:Carly Nairn (14 April 2011).
4267:Ayesha Rascoe (Feb 9, 2012).
3581:Ayesha Rascoe (Feb 9, 2012).
2839:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
2815:
2660:Union of Concerned Scientists
2361:Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
2343:Westinghouse Electric Company
2334:Union of Concerned Scientists
2190:Millstone Nuclear Power Plant
2155:Union of Concerned Scientists
1958:King of Prussia, Pennsylvania
31:Nuclear Regulatory Commission
5062:Home Mortgage Disclosure Act
4954:Equal Credit Opportunity Act
3700:Mark Cooper (18 June 2013).
3644:Center for American Progress
3538:. Government Printing Office
3484:. Government Printing Office
3457:. Government Printing Office
2371:of three reactor cores. The
1903:nuclear power whistleblowers
210:The commission meets in 2021
7:
5218:Strategic Petroleum Reserve
4975:Federal Election Commission
3968:Jay Davis (25 March 2008).
2766:
2516:. The petitioners included
2426:Columbia Generating Station
229:nuclear safety and security
10:
5404:
5249:Forestry Incentive Program
4851:Presidential Proclamations
4614:. 25 August 2023. 21-60743
4411:San Francisco Bay Guardian
3178:"NRC Document Collections"
3037:"Former NRC Commissioners"
2904:. Nuclear Energy Institute
2514:Three Mile Island accident
2438:Indian Point Energy Center
2418:Fukushima nuclear disaster
2395:Fukushima nuclear disaster
2165:Three Mile Island accident
2117:Indian Point Energy Center
2096:
2060:Three Mile Island accident
2043:Training and accreditation
1930:
1926:
1886:in the right bottom corner
263:Fukushima nuclear disaster
201:
5309:
5277:Maximum contaminant level
5229:
5163:
5140:Tax Reduction Act of 1975
5007:
4938:
4883:
4747:
4740:Presidency of Gerald Ford
4699:Presidency of Gerald Ford
4688:from technicalreports.org
4286:Mark Cooper (July 2011).
3530:NRC (20 September 2000).
2434:Diablo Canyon Power Plant
2315:Vermont state legislature
2250:1987 congressional report
2206:NRC headquarters outside
2093:Prospective nuclear units
1046:
1018:
944:
893:
842:
791:
740:
689:
638:
612:
609:
606:
603:
600:
328:Mission and commissioners
144:
127:
119:
111:
101:
85:
67:
62:
53:
44:
35:
4828:Supreme Court candidates
4704:templates for discussion
4327:"The N.R.C. Goes Social"
4304:10.1177/0096340211414840
3947:10.1177/0096340211426395
3449:NRC (February 9, 1994).
2753:Nuclear Waste Policy Act
2354:San Onofre Nuclear Plant
2075:Nuclear Waste Policy Act
1947:Walnut Creek, California
1917:North Bethesda, Maryland
368:The current chairman is
246:, nuclear medicine, and
234:The U.S. AEC became the
216:Atomic Energy Commission
106:North Bethesda, Maryland
93:Atomic Energy Commission
5325:Carter administration →
5270:Safe Drinking Water Act
5016:Fair Credit Billing Act
4778:Assassination attempts
3065:. NRC. 27 November 2013
2255:To cite three examples:
2227:September 11, 2001
2051:Commission headquarters
1974:, oversees most of the
244:non-destructive testing
5316:← Nixon administration
5147:Tax Reform Act of 1976
5131:National Market System
4984:Rockefeller Commission
3970:"After A Nuclear 9/11"
3904:"It Could Happen Here"
3627:Columbia Daily Tribune
3396:NRC (September 2001).
2716:
2667:Oconee Nuclear Station
2524:, and San Luis Obispo
2510:
2265:
2210:
2195:
2174:
2052:
1942:
1941:Map of the NRC regions
1887:
1884:North Bethesda station
1875:
223:matters, oversight of
211:
73:; 49 years ago
4922:Executive Order 11905
4821:Judicial appointments
4468:on September 26, 2019
3503:NRC (23 April 1999).
3476:NRC (23 April 1999).
3404:. NRC. pp. 11–15
3128:NUREG-1100, Volume 30
3085:"NRC: The Commission"
2973:"Former NRC Chairman"
2707:
2422:
2319:radioactive materials
2257:
2205:
2182:
2169:
2050:
1940:
1895:Christopher T. Hanson
1881:
1873:
1812:Christopher T. Hanson
1692:William C. Ostendorff
1672:William D. Magwood IV
1532:Jeffrey S. Merrifield
1512:Edward McGaffigan Jr.
1294:Frederick M. Bernthal
1056:List of commissioners
1030:Christopher T. Hanson
553:Matthew James Marzano
405:Christopher T. Hanson
380:Current commissioners
370:Christopher T. Hanson
360:and confirmed by the
209:
188:radioactive materials
135:Christopher T. Hanson
123:$ 879 million (2021)
71:January 19, 1975
5286:Magnuson–Stevens Act
5108:Fast track authority
3987:Averting Catastrophe
3112:. NRC. 28 June 2013.
2671:Jocassee Dam failure
2560:improve this article
2387:nuclear power plants
2347:conflict of interest
2030:Recordkeeping system
2008:south central states
1236:Nunzio J. Palladiono
572:Jeffrey Martin Baran
362:United States Senate
254:(DOE). In 2000, the
5388:Rockville, Maryland
4991:1975 VRA Amendments
4894:International trips
4202:The Washington Post
4160:. CRC Press. 2014.
4090:. CRC Press. 2014.
3939:2011BuAtS..67f..44P
3689:. 28 December 2011.
3274:1980BuAtS..36a..20L
2332:In March 2011, the
2208:Rockville, Maryland
2161:Frank N. von Hippel
2142:, when running for
2016:US nuclear reactors
1976:southeastern states
1962:northeastern states
1452:Shirley Ann Jackson
1334:Kenneth Monroe Carr
1274:James K. Asselstine
826:Shirley Ann Jackson
775:Kenneth Monroe Carr
724:Nunzio J. Palladino
32:
5154:Whip Inflation Now
4867:Halloween Massacre
4638:(official website)
4583:World Nuclear News
4540:on 27 August 2016.
4185:. CRC Press. 2012.
3992:2010-06-07 at the
3622:2012-07-13 at the
2995:"Stephen G. Burns"
2725:spent nuclear fuel
2383:Fukushima disaster
2290:cumulative impacts
2211:
2176:An article in the
2151:regulatory capture
2053:
1943:
1888:
1876:
1719:December 31, 2014
1712:Allison Macfarlane
1652:George Apostolakis
1519:September 2, 2007
1476:February 15, 1996
1436:December 16, 1991
1432:E. Gail de Planque
1255:Thomas M. Roberts
1156:Richard T. Kennedy
970:December 31, 2014
956:Allison Macfarlane
214:Prior to 1975 the
212:
30:
5335:
5334:
5101:Trade Act of 1974
4874:Carter transition
4814:1977 SOTU Address
4807:1976 SOTU Address
4800:1975 SOTU Address
4672:February 28, 2013
4394:. April 14, 2011.
4369:Technology Review
3817:on April 6, 2011.
3629:, April 23, 2009.
3130:. NRC. March 2014
2832:"NRC at a glance"
2749:Atomic Energy Act
2636:
2635:
2628:
2610:
2526:Mothers for Peace
2278:Three Mile Island
2235:July 7, 2005
1863:
1862:
1756:November 4, 2014
1736:October 14, 2014
1639:January 20, 2021
1632:Kristine Svinicki
1596:January 25, 2005
1576:January 21, 2005
1556:October 29, 1999
1536:October 23, 1998
1396:December 1, 1989
1392:Forrest J. Remick
1376:October 20, 1988
1373:James R. Curtiss
1354:Kenneth C. Rogers
1314:Lando W. Zech Jr.
1196:Peter A. Bradford
1160:January 19, 1975
1140:January 19, 1975
1123:January 15, 1977
1120:January 19, 1975
1100:January 19, 1975
1053:
1052:
1041:January 20, 2021
1016:January 20, 2021
1013:January 23, 2017
1002:Kristine Svinicki
993:January 23, 2017
865:October 29, 1999
752:Lando W. Zech Jr.
712:December 7, 1979
687:December 7, 1979
673:Joseph M. Hendrie
664:January 15, 1977
661:January 19, 1975
633:January 19, 1975
580:
579:
523:
522:
160:
159:
16:(Redirected from
5395:
5328:
5319:
5302:
5295:
5288:
5279:
5272:
5265:
5258:
5251:
5244:
5220:
5213:
5206:
5199:
5190:
5183:
5176:
5156:
5149:
5142:
5133:
5126:
5119:
5110:
5103:
5094:
5087:
5085:Net capital rule
5078:
5071:
5064:
5055:
5048:
5046:CFTC Act of 1974
5041:
5032:
5025:
5018:
5000:
4993:
4986:
4977:
4970:
4963:
4956:
4949:
4931:
4924:
4917:
4910:
4908:Helsinki Accords
4903:
4896:
4876:
4869:
4860:
4853:
4846:
4844:Executive Orders
4837:
4830:
4823:
4816:
4809:
4802:
4793:
4786:
4779:
4774:
4767:
4760:
4733:
4726:
4719:
4710:
4709:
4646:Federal Register
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4609:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4590:
4585:. 30 August 2023
4575:
4569:
4568:
4566:
4564:
4548:
4542:
4541:
4526:
4520:
4519:
4514:. Archived from
4503:
4497:
4496:
4484:
4478:
4477:
4475:
4473:
4467:
4461:. Archived from
4460:
4452:
4446:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4424:
4415:
4414:
4402:
4396:
4395:
4384:
4373:
4372:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4341:
4335:
4334:
4322:
4316:
4315:
4283:
4277:
4276:
4264:
4258:
4257:
4255:
4253:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4219:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4208:
4193:
4187:
4186:
4178:
4172:
4171:
4153:
4147:
4146:
4140:
4132:
4130:
4129:
4123:
4117:. Archived from
4116:
4108:
4102:
4101:
4083:
4074:
4073:
4067:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4040:
4034:
4033:
4022:
4016:
4015:
4008:"A Nuclear 9/11"
4003:
3997:
3984:
3978:
3977:
3965:
3959:
3958:
3918:
3912:
3911:
3899:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3871:
3860:
3859:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3828:
3819:
3818:
3813:. Archived from
3802:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3776:
3767:
3760:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3738:
3732:
3731:
3719:
3710:
3709:
3697:
3691:
3690:
3679:
3673:
3672:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3650:
3636:
3630:
3613:
3607:
3599:Eileen O'Grady.
3597:
3591:
3590:
3578:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3516:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3473:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3462:
3446:
3440:
3439:
3427:
3418:
3417:
3411:
3409:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3363:
3357:
3356:
3344:
3335:
3334:
3326:
3320:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3235:Committee Report
3226:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3154:
3153:
3150:"Power Reactors"
3146:
3140:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3106:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3012:
3006:
3005:
3003:
3001:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2947:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2899:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2872:
2861:
2854:
2843:
2842:
2836:
2828:
2741:high-level waste
2631:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2611:
2609:
2568:
2544:
2536:
2412:reactor design.
2402:Edward J. Markey
2369:Nuclear meltdown
2223:Washington, D.C.
2184:A worker (named
2107:reactors in the
2002:, oversees the
2000:Arlington, Texas
1972:Atlanta, Georgia
1856:August 26, 2022
1848:
1828:
1808:
1788:
1768:
1752:Stephen G. Burns
1748:
1728:
1708:
1688:
1679:August 31, 2014
1668:
1648:
1628:
1608:
1588:
1568:
1548:
1528:
1516:August 28, 1996
1508:
1496:August 23, 1996
1488:
1468:
1448:
1428:
1408:
1388:
1370:
1350:
1338:August 14, 1986
1330:
1310:
1290:
1270:
1252:
1232:
1212:
1200:August 15, 1977
1192:
1172:
1152:
1132:
1112:
1096:Marcus A. Rowden
1092:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1038:
1010:
990:January 1, 2015
987:
979:Stephen G. Burns
964:
936:
913:
885:
862:
834:
811:
783:
760:
732:
709:
681:
658:
650:Marcus A. Rowden
630:
598:
597:
595:
594:
590:
583:List of chairmen
576:
575:
574:
565:
557:
556:
555:
532:
531:
519:
503:
498:
490:
489:
488:
477:
472:
464:
463:
462:
451:
446:
438:
437:
436:
425:
420:
412:
409:
408:
407:
384:
383:
225:nuclear medicine
156:
153:
151:
128:Agency executive
86:Preceding agency
81:
79:
74:
58:
49:
40:
33:
29:
21:
5403:
5402:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5393:
5392:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5331:
5322:
5313:
5305:
5298:
5291:
5284:
5275:
5268:
5261:
5254:
5247:
5240:
5232:
5225:
5216:
5209:
5202:
5195:
5186:
5179:
5172:
5159:
5152:
5145:
5138:
5129:
5122:
5115:
5106:
5099:
5090:
5083:
5074:
5067:
5060:
5051:
5044:
5037:
5028:
5021:
5014:
5008:Economic policy
5003:
4996:
4989:
4982:
4973:
4966:
4959:
4952:
4947:Cannabis policy
4945:
4939:Domestic policy
4934:
4927:
4920:
4913:
4906:
4899:
4892:
4879:
4872:
4865:
4856:
4849:
4842:
4833:
4826:
4819:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4789:
4782:
4777:
4770:
4763:
4756:
4743:
4737:
4707:
4651:NRC public blog
4632:
4627:
4617:
4615:
4607:
4603:
4602:
4598:
4588:
4586:
4577:
4576:
4572:
4562:
4560:
4549:
4545:
4534:Washington Post
4528:
4527:
4523:
4504:
4500:
4485:
4481:
4471:
4469:
4465:
4458:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4444:
4440:
4425:
4418:
4403:
4399:
4386:
4385:
4376:
4361:
4357:
4342:
4338:
4323:
4319:
4284:
4280:
4265:
4261:
4251:
4249:
4240:
4239:
4235:
4220:
4216:
4206:
4204:
4194:
4190:
4180:
4179:
4175:
4168:
4155:
4154:
4150:
4134:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4121:
4114:
4112:"Archived copy"
4110:
4109:
4105:
4098:
4085:
4084:
4077:
4061:
4060:
4053:
4051:
4041:
4037:
4032:. 12 July 2012.
4024:
4023:
4019:
4004:
4000:
3994:Wayback Machine
3985:
3981:
3974:Washington Post
3966:
3962:
3919:
3915:
3900:
3896:
3886:
3884:
3872:
3863:
3848:
3844:
3829:
3822:
3803:
3799:
3789:
3787:
3777:
3770:
3761:
3757:
3747:
3745:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3720:
3713:
3698:
3694:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3661:
3657:
3648:
3646:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3624:Wayback Machine
3614:
3610:
3606:, May 25, 2010.
3598:
3594:
3579:
3575:
3566:
3564:
3556:
3555:
3551:
3541:
3539:
3528:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3501:
3497:
3487:
3485:
3474:
3470:
3460:
3458:
3447:
3443:
3428:
3421:
3407:
3405:
3394:
3390:
3376:
3374:
3365:
3364:
3360:
3345:
3338:
3327:
3323:
3313:
3311:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3284:
3254:
3250:
3240:
3238:
3227:
3223:
3213:
3211:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3185:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3148:
3147:
3143:
3133:
3131:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3108:
3107:
3103:
3093:
3091:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3068:
3066:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3042:
3040:
3035:
3034:
3030:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3009:
2999:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2976:
2971:
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2941:
2932:
2930:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2905:
2902:NEI 12-06 Rev 4
2897:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2873:
2864:
2855:
2846:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2822:
2818:
2813:
2769:
2721:
2703:Reason magazine
2632:
2621:
2615:
2612:
2569:
2567:
2557:
2545:
2534:
2313:, although the
2299:
2270:
2252:
2200:
2133:
2101:
2095:
2045:
2032:
1988:, oversees the
1986:Lisle, Illinois
1960:, oversees the
1935:
1929:
1868:
1852:Bradley Crowell
1836:August 9, 2022
1792:David A. Wright
1759:April 30, 2019
1696:March 29, 2010
1676:March 29, 2010
1656:March 29, 2010
1636:March 28, 2008
1619:March 29, 2010
1559:March 31, 2003
1552:Richard Meserve
1358:August 7, 1987
1298:August 4, 1983
1258:August 3, 1981
1216:John F. Ahearne
1203:March 12, 1982
1180:August 9, 1977
1136:Victor Gilinsky
1116:Edward A. Mason
1103:April 20, 1977
1069:
1065:
1061:
1059:
1058:
868:March 31, 2003
854:Richard Meserve
793:George H.W Bush
701:John F. Ahearne
636:April 20, 1976
610:Term of office
596:
592:
588:
586:
585:
570:
569:
551:
550:
497:August 26, 2022
486:Bradley Crowell
484:
483:
458:
457:
434:David A. Wright
432:
431:
410:
403:
402:
382:
374:President Biden
330:
240:nuclear weapons
204:
148:
140:
97:
77:
75:
72:
63:Agency overview
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5401:
5391:
5390:
5385:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5365:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5329:
5320:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5296:
5289:
5282:
5281:
5280:
5266:
5259:
5252:
5245:
5237:
5235:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5223:
5222:
5221:
5214:
5207:
5204:CAFE standards
5193:
5192:
5191:
5184:
5169:
5167:
5161:
5160:
5158:
5157:
5150:
5143:
5136:
5135:
5134:
5127:
5113:
5112:
5111:
5097:
5096:
5095:
5081:
5080:
5079:
5065:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5042:
5035:
5034:
5033:
5019:
5011:
5009:
5005:
5004:
5002:
5001:
4994:
4987:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4964:
4957:
4950:
4942:
4940:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4925:
4918:
4911:
4904:
4897:
4889:
4887:
4885:Foreign policy
4881:
4880:
4878:
4877:
4870:
4863:
4862:
4861:
4847:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4831:
4817:
4810:
4803:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4787:
4775:
4768:
4761:
4753:
4751:
4745:
4744:
4736:
4735:
4728:
4721:
4713:
4690:
4689:
4683:
4674:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4639:
4631:
4630:External links
4628:
4626:
4625:
4596:
4570:
4543:
4521:
4518:on 2012-01-14.
4498:
4493:New York Times
4479:
4447:
4438:
4416:
4397:
4374:
4355:
4350:New York Times
4336:
4331:New York Times
4317:
4278:
4259:
4233:
4228:SignOnSanDiego
4214:
4188:
4173:
4167:978-1466583634
4166:
4148:
4103:
4097:978-1466583634
4096:
4075:
4035:
4017:
3998:
3979:
3960:
3913:
3908:New York Times
3894:
3861:
3856:New York Times
3842:
3820:
3797:
3768:
3755:
3733:
3728:New York Times
3711:
3692:
3674:
3669:New York Times
3655:
3631:
3608:
3592:
3573:
3549:
3522:
3495:
3468:
3441:
3419:
3388:
3358:
3336:
3321:
3294:
3248:
3221:
3195:
3169:
3155:
3141:
3115:
3101:
3076:
3050:
3028:
3007:
2986:
2964:
2939:
2915:
2886:
2862:
2844:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2737:State of Texas
2729:Andrews County
2720:
2717:
2634:
2633:
2548:
2546:
2539:
2533:
2530:
2518:Public Citizen
2379:Gregory Jaczko
2298:
2297:Post-Fukushima
2295:
2269:
2266:
2261:Seabrook plant
2251:
2248:
2199:
2196:
2186:George Galatis
2132:
2129:
2113:Vermont Yankee
2097:Main article:
2094:
2091:
2044:
2041:
2031:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2023:
2012:
2011:
1993:
1979:
1965:
1931:Main article:
1928:
1925:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1849:
1841:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1829:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1809:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1779:June 30, 2021
1777:
1774:
1769:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1749:
1741:
1740:
1739:June 30, 2023
1737:
1734:
1729:
1721:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1709:
1701:
1700:
1699:June 30, 2016
1697:
1694:
1689:
1681:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1661:
1660:
1659:June 30, 2014
1657:
1654:
1649:
1641:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1599:June 30, 2009
1597:
1594:
1592:Peter B. Lyons
1589:
1581:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1572:Gregory Jaczko
1569:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1541:
1540:
1539:June 30, 2007
1537:
1534:
1529:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1509:
1501:
1500:
1499:June 30, 2006
1497:
1494:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1479:June 30, 2003
1477:
1474:
1472:Greta J. Dicus
1469:
1461:
1460:
1459:June 30, 1999
1457:
1454:
1449:
1441:
1440:
1439:June 30, 1995
1437:
1434:
1429:
1421:
1420:
1419:June 30, 1995
1417:
1414:
1409:
1401:
1400:
1399:June 30, 1994
1397:
1394:
1389:
1381:
1380:
1379:June 30, 1993
1377:
1374:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1361:June 30, 1997
1359:
1356:
1351:
1343:
1342:
1341:June 30, 1991
1339:
1336:
1331:
1323:
1322:
1321:June 30, 1989
1319:
1316:
1311:
1303:
1302:
1301:June 30, 1988
1299:
1296:
1291:
1283:
1282:
1281:June 30, 1987
1279:
1276:
1271:
1263:
1262:
1261:June 30, 1990
1259:
1256:
1253:
1245:
1244:
1243:June 30, 1986
1241:
1238:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1223:June 30, 1983
1221:
1220:July 31, 1978
1218:
1213:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1185:
1184:
1183:June 30, 1981
1181:
1178:
1176:Joseph Hendrie
1173:
1165:
1164:
1163:June 30, 1980
1161:
1158:
1153:
1145:
1144:
1143:June 30, 1984
1141:
1138:
1133:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1113:
1105:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1093:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1032:
1027:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1004:
999:
995:
994:
991:
988:
981:
976:
972:
971:
968:
965:
958:
953:
949:
948:
943:
940:
937:
930:
928:Gregory Jaczko
925:
921:
920:
917:
914:
907:
902:
898:
897:
895:George W. Bush
892:
891:June 30, 2006
889:
888:April 1, 2003
886:
879:
874:
870:
869:
866:
863:
856:
851:
847:
846:
841:
840:June 30, 1999
838:
835:
828:
823:
819:
818:
817:June 30, 1995
815:
812:
805:
800:
796:
795:
790:
789:June 30, 1991
787:
784:
777:
772:
768:
767:
764:
761:
754:
749:
745:
744:
739:
738:June 30, 1986
736:
733:
726:
721:
717:
716:
715:March 2, 1981
713:
710:
703:
698:
694:
693:
688:
685:
684:March 3, 1977
682:
675:
670:
666:
665:
662:
659:
652:
647:
643:
642:
637:
634:
631:
624:
619:
615:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
584:
581:
578:
577:
566:
561:
558:
546:
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542:
539:
536:
521:
520:
515:
513:
511:
505:
504:
499:
494:
491:
479:
478:
473:
471:August 9, 2022
468:
465:
453:
452:
447:
442:
439:
427:
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421:
416:
413:
398:
397:
394:
391:
388:
381:
378:
354:
353:
347:
341:
329:
326:
316:Thomas Wellock
308:
307:
301:
293:
287:
281:
261:Following the
221:nuclear energy
203:
200:
184:reactor safety
158:
157:
146:
142:
141:
139:
138:
131:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
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113:
109:
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69:
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60:
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51:
50:
42:
41:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5400:
5389:
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5379:
5376:
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5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
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5327:
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5321:
5318:
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5301:
5297:
5294:
5290:
5287:
5283:
5278:
5274:
5273:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5260:
5257:
5253:
5250:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5234:
5231:Environmental
5228:
5219:
5215:
5212:
5208:
5205:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5194:
5189:
5185:
5182:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5171:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5165:Energy policy
5162:
5155:
5151:
5148:
5144:
5141:
5137:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5114:
5109:
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5102:
5098:
5093:
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5049:
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5031:
5027:
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5024:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5006:
4999:
4995:
4992:
4988:
4985:
4981:
4976:
4972:
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4969:
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4951:
4948:
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4923:
4919:
4916:
4912:
4909:
4905:
4902:
4898:
4895:
4891:
4890:
4888:
4886:
4882:
4875:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4859:
4855:
4854:
4852:
4848:
4845:
4841:
4836:
4835:controversies
4832:
4829:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4818:
4815:
4811:
4808:
4804:
4801:
4797:
4792:
4791:San Francisco
4788:
4785:
4781:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4769:
4766:
4762:
4759:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4746:
4741:
4734:
4729:
4727:
4722:
4720:
4715:
4714:
4711:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4695:
4687:
4684:
4682:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4643:
4640:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4613:
4606:
4600:
4584:
4580:
4574:
4558:
4554:
4547:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4525:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4502:
4494:
4490:
4483:
4464:
4457:
4451:
4442:
4434:
4430:
4423:
4421:
4412:
4408:
4401:
4393:
4389:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4370:
4366:
4359:
4351:
4347:
4340:
4332:
4328:
4321:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4301:
4297:
4293:
4289:
4282:
4274:
4270:
4263:
4247:
4243:
4237:
4229:
4225:
4218:
4203:
4199:
4192:
4184:
4177:
4169:
4163:
4159:
4152:
4144:
4138:
4124:on 2017-02-20
4120:
4113:
4107:
4099:
4093:
4089:
4082:
4080:
4071:
4065:
4050:
4046:
4039:
4031:
4027:
4021:
4013:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3991:
3988:
3983:
3975:
3971:
3964:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3936:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3917:
3909:
3905:
3898:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3870:
3868:
3866:
3857:
3853:
3846:
3838:
3834:
3827:
3825:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3801:
3786:
3782:
3775:
3773:
3765:
3759:
3743:
3737:
3729:
3725:
3718:
3716:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3688:
3684:
3678:
3670:
3666:
3659:
3645:
3641:
3635:
3628:
3625:
3621:
3618:
3615:Terry Ganey.
3612:
3605:
3602:
3596:
3588:
3584:
3577:
3563:
3559:
3553:
3537:
3533:
3526:
3510:
3506:
3499:
3483:
3479:
3472:
3456:
3452:
3445:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3424:
3416:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3354:
3350:
3343:
3341:
3332:
3325:
3309:
3305:
3298:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3252:
3236:
3232:
3225:
3209:
3205:
3199:
3183:
3179:
3173:
3165:
3159:
3151:
3145:
3129:
3125:
3119:
3111:
3110:"Allegations"
3105:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3038:
3032:
3017:
3011:
2996:
2990:
2974:
2968:
2952:
2946:
2944:
2929:
2925:
2919:
2903:
2896:
2890:
2882:
2878:
2877:"NRC history"
2871:
2869:
2867:
2859:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2840:
2833:
2827:
2825:
2820:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2771:
2764:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2705:in May 2022:
2704:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2688:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2672:
2668:
2663:
2661:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2630:
2627:
2619:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2584:
2580:
2577: –
2576:
2572:
2571:Find sources:
2565:
2561:
2555:
2554:
2549:This section
2547:
2543:
2538:
2537:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2420:examination:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2376:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2359:In 2011, the
2357:
2355:
2350:
2348:
2344:
2338:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2327:Vermont House
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2264:
2262:
2256:
2247:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2219:New York City
2216:
2209:
2204:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2179:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2128:
2125:
2120:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:United States
2106:
2105:nuclear power
2100:
2090:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2049:
2040:
2038:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1998:, located in
1997:
1994:
1991:
1987:
1984:, located in
1983:
1980:
1977:
1973:
1970:, located in
1969:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1956:, located in
1955:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1939:
1934:
1924:
1922:
1921:Rockville, MD
1918:
1913:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1885:
1880:
1872:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1843:
1842:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1816:June 8, 2020
1815:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1796:May 30, 2018
1795:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1776:May 29, 2018
1775:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1758:
1755:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1723:
1722:
1718:
1716:July 9, 2012
1715:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1703:
1702:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1616:July 1, 2006
1615:
1613:
1612:Dale E. Klein
1610:
1607:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1583:
1582:
1579:July 9, 2012
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1563:
1562:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1442:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1416:July 1, 1991
1415:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1318:July 3, 1984
1317:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1278:May 17, 1982
1277:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1265:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1247:
1246:
1242:
1240:July 1, 1981
1239:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1079:
1077:Commissioner
1076:
1073:
1072:
1064:
1049:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1005:
1003:
1000:
997:
996:
992:
989:
986:
982:
980:
977:
974:
973:
969:
967:July 9, 2012
966:
963:
959:
957:
954:
951:
950:
947:
942:July 9, 2012
941:
939:May 13, 2009
938:
935:
931:
929:
926:
923:
922:
919:May 13, 2009
918:
916:July 1, 2006
915:
912:
908:
906:
905:Dale E. Klein
903:
900:
899:
896:
890:
887:
884:
880:
878:
875:
872:
871:
867:
864:
861:
857:
855:
852:
849:
848:
845:
839:
837:July 1, 1995
836:
833:
829:
827:
824:
821:
820:
816:
814:July 1, 1991
813:
810:
806:
804:
801:
798:
797:
794:
788:
786:July 1, 1989
785:
782:
778:
776:
773:
770:
769:
766:June 3, 1989
765:
763:July 1, 1986
762:
759:
755:
753:
750:
747:
746:
743:
742:Ronald Reagan
737:
735:July 1, 1981
734:
731:
727:
725:
722:
719:
718:
714:
711:
708:
704:
702:
699:
696:
695:
692:
686:
683:
680:
676:
674:
671:
668:
667:
663:
660:
657:
653:
651:
648:
645:
644:
641:
635:
632:
629:
625:
623:
620:
617:
616:
613:Appointed by
604:Name (chair)
599:
591:
573:
567:
564:June 30, 2028
562:
559:
554:
548:
547:
543:
540:
537:
534:
533:
530:
528:
518:June 30, 2028
516:
514:
512:
510:
507:
506:
502:June 30, 2027
500:
495:
492:
487:
481:
480:
476:June 30, 2026
474:
469:
466:
461:
455:
454:
450:June 30, 2025
448:
443:
440:
435:
429:
428:
424:June 30, 2029
422:
417:
414:
406:
400:
399:
396:Term expires
395:
392:
389:
386:
385:
377:
375:
371:
366:
363:
359:
351:
348:
345:
342:
339:
336:
335:
334:
325:
323:
322:
317:
313:
305:
302:
299:
298:
294:
291:
288:
285:
282:
279:
276:
275:
274:
273:. These are:
272:
267:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
248:nuclear power
245:
241:
237:
232:
230:
226:
222:
217:
208:
199:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
155:
147:
143:
136:
133:
132:
130:
126:
122:
120:Annual budget
118:
114:
110:
107:
104:
100:
94:
91:
90:
88:
84:
70:
66:
61:
57:
52:
48:
43:
39:
34:
19:
5323:
5314:
5187:
4858:Nixon pardon
4758:Inauguration
4697:
4616:. Retrieved
4611:
4599:
4587:. Retrieved
4582:
4573:
4561:. Retrieved
4556:
4546:
4538:the original
4533:
4524:
4516:the original
4511:
4501:
4492:
4482:
4472:September 6,
4470:. Retrieved
4463:the original
4450:
4441:
4432:
4410:
4400:
4391:
4368:
4358:
4349:
4339:
4330:
4320:
4295:
4291:
4281:
4272:
4262:
4250:. Retrieved
4245:
4236:
4227:
4217:
4205:. Retrieved
4201:
4191:
4182:
4176:
4157:
4151:
4126:. Retrieved
4119:the original
4106:
4087:
4052:. Retrieved
4048:
4038:
4029:
4020:
4011:
4001:
3982:
3973:
3963:
3933:(6): 44–52.
3930:
3926:
3916:
3907:
3897:
3885:. Retrieved
3881:Mother Jones
3879:
3855:
3845:
3836:
3815:the original
3810:
3800:
3788:. Retrieved
3784:
3763:
3758:
3746:. Retrieved
3736:
3727:
3705:
3695:
3686:
3677:
3668:
3658:
3647:. Retrieved
3643:
3634:
3626:
3611:
3603:
3595:
3586:
3576:
3565:. Retrieved
3562:Utility Dive
3561:
3552:
3540:. Retrieved
3535:
3525:
3513:. Retrieved
3508:
3498:
3486:. Retrieved
3481:
3471:
3459:. Retrieved
3454:
3444:
3435:
3413:
3406:. Retrieved
3401:
3391:
3382:
3375:. Retrieved
3370:
3361:
3352:
3330:
3324:
3312:. Retrieved
3307:
3302:NEI (2014).
3297:
3285:. Retrieved
3268:(1): 20–24.
3265:
3261:
3251:
3239:. Retrieved
3234:
3224:
3212:. Retrieved
3207:
3198:
3186:. Retrieved
3181:
3172:
3158:
3144:
3132:. Retrieved
3127:
3118:
3104:
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1456:May 2, 1995
1083:Left office
1080:Took office
1020:Donald Trump
946:Barack Obama
877:Nils J. Diaz
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691:Jimmy Carter
541:Term expires
524:
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