USA Freedom Act - Knowledge

1720:, Ted Poe and Raul Labrador and Democrat Zoe Lofgren who previously voted for the act. "The result is a bill that will actually not end bulk collection, regrettably," said Rep. Zoe Lofgren who voted against the bill. The act would shift responsibility for retaining telephonic metadata from the government to telephone companies. Providers like AT&T and Verizon would be required to maintain the records and let the NSA search them in terrorism investigations when the agency obtains a judicial order or in certain emergency situations. The USA Freedom Act demands that the NSA get approval for a search from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court before demanding that the telecoms hand over metadata. However, no "probable-cause" Fourth Amendment standard is required to access the database While an allowable search under the original USA Freedom Act was defined as "a term used to uniquely describe a person, entity, or account", but under the House version a database search inquiry is now allowed if it is "a discrete term, such as a term specifically identifying a person, entity, account, address, or device." Provisions that were dropped from the bill included requirements to estimate the number of Americans whose records were captured under the program, and the creation of a public advocate to challenge the government's legal arguments before the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. 1747:'s security and human rights program, accusing the House for failing to deliver serious surveillance reform said: "People inside and outside the U.S. would remain at risk of dragnet surveillance. The Senate should pass much stronger reforms ensuring greater transparency, robust judicial review, equal rights for non-U.S. persons, and a clear, unambiguous ban on mass spying. President Obama need not wait. He can and should implement such safeguards today." The White House however endorsed the bill. "The Administration strongly supports House passage of H.R. 3361, the USA Freedom Act. ... The Administration applauds and appreciates the strong bipartisan effort that led to the formulation of this bill, which heeds the President's call on this important issue," the White House said in a statement. "The bill ensures our intelligence and law enforcement professionals have the authorities they need to protect the Nation, while further ensuring that individuals' privacy is appropriately protected when these authorities are employed. Among other provisions, the bill prohibits bulk collection through the use of Section 215, FISA pen registers, and 1755:

previous bill would have required any request for records to be tied to a clearly defined set of 'specific selection terms,' the bill that just passed leaves the definition of 'specific selection terms' open. This could allow for an overly broad and creative interpretation, which is something we've certainly seen from the executive branch and the FISA Court before," said Elizabeth Goitein, a co-director of the Brennan Center's Liberty and National Security Program. "The new definition is incredibly more expansive than previous definitions ... The new version not only adds the undefined words "address" and "device," but makes the list of potential selection terms open-ended by using the term "such as." Congress has been clear that it wishes to end bulk collection, but given the government's history of twisted legal interpretations, this language can't be relied on to protect our freedoms," said the Electronic Frontier Foundation in a press release.

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a government or international organization to act or abstain from acting; (2) transporting on board a ship such material or device (or certain related material or technology) that is intended for such use, with specified exceptions; (3) transporting on board a ship a person known to have committed a maritime navigation offense intending to assist such person to evade prosecution; (4) injuring or killing any person in connection with such an offense; or (5) conspiring, attempting, or threatening to commit such an offense. Sets forth: (1) the circumstances in which the United States can exercise jurisdiction over such offenses, and (2) exceptions applicable to activities of the armed forces. Provides for civil forfeiture of property used to commit or to facilitate a violation.

1972:"Companies are provided monetary incentive to spy and share that information with the government and blanket liability once they do under USA Freedom – even if that breaks that law," said Sascha Meinrath, the director of X-lab, an independent tech policy institute previously associated with New America. "Once companies receive that, they'll have almost no reason to weigh in on meaningful surveillance reform." "In a way, it's kind of like PRISM," the program revealed by Snowden where major tech companies turned over the content of online communications to the NSA, said longtime independent surveillance researcher Marcy Wheeler. "It pushes things to providers: Everyone gets immunity, but it doesn't add to the privacy." 27: 1768:

bill would require the NSA to request specific data from phone companies under specified limits i.e. the NSA would need to show it had reasonable, articulable suspicion that the number it is interested in is tied to a foreign terrorist organization or individual. The proposed legislation would still have allowed analysts to perform so-called contact chaining in which they trace a suspect's network of acquaintances, but they would have been required to use a new kind of court order to swiftly obtain only those records that were linked, up to two layers away, to a suspect — even when held by different phone companies. It would also require the

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inspired by foreign ideology but is not acting at the direction of a foreign party, the roving wiretap authority regarding surveillance of a terrorist who enters the United States and the authority to allow the Federal Bureau of Investigation to obtain certain business records in a national security investigation, as well as the call detail records program undertaken by the NSA. In reference to the latter authority, the letter announced that "The National Security Agency has suspended the call detail records program that uses this authority and deleted the call detail records acquired under this authority."

1743:, as well as civil liberties groups. Major U.S. tech firms like Google, Apple, Microsoft, Facebook, and Twitter joined together in the Reform Government Surveillance coalition which called the House version a move in the wrong direction. The Reform Government Surveillance released a statement on June 5, stating: "The latest draft opens up an unacceptable loophole that could enable the bulk collection of Internet users' data ... While it makes important progress, we cannot support this bill as currently drafted and urge Congress to close this loophole to ensure meaningful reform." Zeke Johnson, director of 1876:"This bill would make only incremental improvements, and at least one provision—the material-support provision—would represent a significant step backwards," ACLU deputy legal director Jameel Jaffer said in a statement. "The disclosures of the last two years make clear that we need wholesale reform." Jaffer wants Congress to let Section 215 sunset completely and wait for a better reform package than endorse something half-baked, saying that "unless that bill is strengthened, sunset would be the better course." The 1105:

relating to an authorized investigation to protect against international terrorism) without subjecting the production to: (1) the reasonable, articulable suspicion standard for an association with a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power; (2) the 180-day or the two-hop limitation; or (3) the special minimization procedures that require prompt destruction of produced records only if the order approves an ongoing production of call detail records for investigations to protect against international terrorism.

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to comply. Specifies the categories of orders, directives, and letters to be itemized or combined, the details authorized to be included with respect to contents or noncontents orders and the number of customer selectors targeted, and the ranges within which the number of orders, directives, or letters received may be reported aggregately in bands under each permitted method (i.e., reported in bands of 1000, 500, 250, or 100 depending on the chosen method).

1124:(1) the subsequent application for court approval is denied, or (2) the production is terminated and no order is issued approving the production. Bars information concerning any U.S. person acquired from such production from being used or disclosed in any other manner by federal officers or employees without the consent of such person, except with approval of the Attorney General if the information indicates a threat of death or serious bodily harm. 316: 1969:

not end mass surveillance is a vote in support of mass surveillance." In a statement posted to Demand Progress' website, Segal writes, "The Senate just voted to reinstitute certain lapsed surveillance authorities – and that means that USA Freedom actually made Americans less free." However, he notes the group " some solace" in the fact that "Section 215 was – ever so briefly – allowed to sunset."

1079:(FISA) to establish a new process to be followed when the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) submits an application to a FISA court for an order requiring the production of business records or other tangible things for an investigation to obtain foreign intelligence information not concerning a U.S. person or to protect against international terrorism or clandestine intelligence activities. 1437:

element of the intelligence community, as a condition to exercising such authority, to: (1) determine that a lapse in the targeting poses a threat of death or serious bodily harm; (2) notify the Attorney General; and (3) request, as soon as practicable, the employment of emergency electronic surveillance or emergency physical search under appropriate FISA standards.

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reasonably determines that a factual basis exists for the issuance of such a production order, (3) informs a FISA judge of the decision to require such production at the time the emergency decision is made, and (4) makes an application to a FISA judge within seven days after the Attorney General requires such emergency production.

1892:, a proposal that would have de-funded the NSA bulk-collection program, backed the 2013 legislation, but not the final 2015 version. "It's getting out of control," he commented. " general warrants without specific cause ... and you have one agency that's essentially having superpowers to pass information onto others". 1788:. Fifty-four Democrats and four Republicans who supported consideration failed to muster the 60 votes required. Senator Patrick Leahy, who drafted the bill, blamed its defeat on what he called fear-mongering by opponents, saying, "Fomenting fear stifles serious debate and constructive solutions." Senator 1995:

sent a letter to Congress stating the Trump Administration's intention to seek permanent extension of the provisions of FISA that under the terms of the USA FREEDOM Act are scheduled to expire on December 15, 2019, namely the "lone wolf" authority allowing surveillance of a suspected terrorist who is

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The Software Alliance sponsored the legislation saying "in reforming government surveillance practices, it is critical that legislation strikes the right balance between securing our nation and its citizens and improving privacy protections for the public. The FISA reforms in the USA FREEDOM Act will

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The USA Freedom Act was not passed by the U.S. Senate on May 22, 2015. By a vote of 57–42, the Senate did not pass the bill that would have required 60 votes to move forward, which meant that the NSA had to start winding down its domestic mass surveillance program. The Senate also rejected, by 54–45,

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The 2015 USA Freedom Act version is described by its sponsors as "a balanced approach that would ensure the NSA maintains an ability to obtain the data it needs to detect terrorist plots without infringing on Americans' right to privacy." Human rights groups believed the bill's transparency and court

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prohibits: (1) using in or on a ship or a maritime fixed platform any explosive or radioactive material, biological, chemical, or nuclear weapon, or other nuclear explosive device in a manner likely to cause death or serious injury or damage when the purpose is to intimidate a population or to compel

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establishes procedures for a lawfully authorized targeting of a non-U.S. person previously believed to be located outside the United States to continue for a period not to exceed 72 hours from the time that the non-U.S. person is reasonably believed to be located inside the United States. Requires an

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permits a person who is subject to a nondisclosure requirement accompanying a FISA order, directive, or national security letter to choose one of four methods to report publicly, on a semiannual or annual basis, the aggregate number of orders, directives, or letters with which the person was required

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Prohibits information obtained or evidence derived from an acquisition pursuant to a part of a targeting certification or a related minimization procedure that the court has identified as deficient concerning a U.S. person from being received in evidence or otherwise disclosed in any proceeding in or

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requires amendments made by this Act to FISA's tangible thing requirements to take effect 180 days after enactment of this Act. Prohibits this Act from being construed to alter or eliminate the government's authority to obtain an order under the tangible things requirements of FISA as in effect prior

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Allows a FISA court to approve other categories of FBI requests for the production of call detail records or tangible things (i.e., FBI call detail record and tangible thing applications that do not seek ongoing production of call detail records created before, on, or after the date of an application

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court, and introduce a "Special Advocate" to represent public and privacy matters. However, opponents of the bill cite that the USA Freedom Act does allow the bulk collection of Americans' metadata by phone companies, which is then accessible by the NSA; it also does not address other laws which have

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David Segal, executive director of Demand Progress, wants Section 215 to expire. "This bill purports to ban certain acts under narrow authorities, but it doesn't ban those behaviors outright. Nor does it increase meaningful oversight of the NSA" he stated. The group said "a vote for a bill that does

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Civil rights groups and scholars said the new language allowing the NSA to search meta data handed over from telephone companies was vague and perhaps would allow the NSA to ensnare the metadata of broad swaths of innocent people in violation of their constitutional rights. "In particular, while the

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prohibits anyone, knowingly, unlawfully, and with intent to cause death, serious bodily injury, or substantial damage to property or the environment, from: (1) possessing radioactive material or making or possessing a nuclear explosive device or a radioactive material dispersal or radiation-emitting

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Directs the DNI to make available publicly a report that identifies, for the preceding 12-month period, the total number of: (1) FISA court orders issued for electronic surveillance, physical searches, the targeting of persons outside the United States, pen registers and trap and trace devices, call

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requires the Attorney General to expand an annual report to Congress regarding tangible thing applications to include a summary of compliance reviews and the total number of: (1) applications made for the daily production of call detail records created before, on, or after the date of an application

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that request information from wire or electronic communication service providers, financial institutions, or consumer reporting agencies. Requires the government to identify: (1) a person, entity, telephone number, or account for requests for telephone toll and transactional records; (2) a customer,

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Authorizes the DNI to waive such review and public availability requirements if: (1) a waiver is necessary to protect the national security of the United States or properly classified intelligence sources or methods, and (2) an unclassified statement prepared by the Attorney General is made publicly

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requires the DNI to: (1) conduct a declassification review of each decision, order, or opinion issued by the FISA court or the FISA court of review that includes a significant construction or interpretation of any provision of law, including any novel or significant construction or interpretation of

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Allows a nondisclosure order imposed in connection with a tangible thing production order to be challenged immediately by filing a petition for judicial review. Removes a requirement that a judge considering a petition to modify or set aside a nondisclosure order treat as conclusive a certification

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Terminates the authority for such emergency production of tangible things when the information sought is obtained, when the application for the order is denied, or after the expiration of seven days from the time the Attorney General begins requiring such emergency production, whichever is earliest.

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Ms. Lofgren. This amendment is identical to the Massie Lofgren amendment in last year's DoD appropriations bill, which passed the House 293 to 123, but it was ultimately stripped out. 21 members of this committee actually voted for that amendment when it was on the floor. Clearly a vast majority of

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The bill ultimately passed the Senate 67–32 on June 2, 2015 and reinstated three lapsed authorities i.e. the "Section 215" authority, the "lone wolf" authority and the "roving wiretaps" authority of the Patriot Act, while reforming the "Section 215" authority. President Obama signed the legislation

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Under the bill the NSA would no longer collect those phone records. Instead, most of the records would have stayed in the hands of the phone companies, which would not have been required to hold them any longer than they already do for normal business purposes, which in some cases is 18 months. The

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commented "several other key reforms—such as provisions allowing Internet and phone companies to publish more information about the demands they receive, which OTI and a coalition of companies and organizations have been pressing for since last summer—have been removed, while the bill also provides

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Requires the information that may be included in certain aggregates to be delayed by 180 days, one year, or 540 days depending on the chosen reporting method and whether the nondisclosure requirements are contained in a new order or directive concerning a platform, product, or service for which the

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Bars information concerning any U.S. person acquired pursuant to a deficient part of a certification from being used or disclosed subsequently in any other manner by federal officers or employees without the consent of the U.S. person, except with approval of the Attorney General if the information

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Prohibits information obtained or evidence derived from such an emergency production from being received in evidence or disclosed in any proceeding in or before any court, grand jury, agency, legislative committee, or other authority of the United States, any state, or any political subdivision if:

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Defines "call detail record" as session identifying information (including an originating or terminating telephone number, an International Mobile Subscriber Identity number, or an International Mobile Station Equipment Identity number), a telephone calling card number, or the time or duration of a

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in 2020, the House of Representatives passed a long-term extension of the USA FREEDOM Act on March 11, 2020, just four days before the scheduled expiration of the Act on March 15, 2020, by a wide, bipartisan margin that kept the protections of the Act largely the same. Two months later, the Senate

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Jurisdiction over the reauthorization of the expiring FISA provisions is shared by the Judiciary and Intelligence committees in the U.S. Senate and the U.S. House of Representatives; the House Committee on the Judiciary and the Senate Committee on the Judiciary held separate public hearings on the

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The final USA Freedom Act is perceived as containing several concessions to pro-surveillance legislators meant to facilitate its passage. The watered down version of the USA Freedom Act that passed the House of Representatives in 2015 has been widely criticized by civil liberties advocates and its

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However, on May 31, 2015, the Senate voted 77–17 to limit debate on the act. Senate rules will allow it to be passed after the mass surveillance programs have expired. While several amendments which would strengthen the bill were not allowed to be considered, three amendments proposed by chair of

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The bill passed out of the House Judiciary Committee on April 30, 2015. The proposed bill would end the NSA's bulk collection under Section 215 by requiring the government to seek records from companies using a "specific selection term" that identifies a specific person, account or address and "is

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expands the definition of "agent of a foreign power" to include a non-U.S. person who: (1) acts in the United States for or on behalf of a foreign power engaged in clandestine intelligence activities in the United States contrary to U.S. interests or as an officer, employee, or member of a foreign

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Requires the DNI's reports to include the estimated number of: (1) targets of certain FISA orders, (2) search terms and queries concerning U.S. persons when the government retrieves information from electronic or wire communications obtained by targeting non-U.S. persons outside the United States,

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of the Intelligence Community, for the same 2012–2014 period, to assess: (1) the importance of such information to the intelligence community; (2) the manner in which such information was collected, retained, analyzed, and disseminated; and (3) the adequacy of minimization procedures, including an

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The Center for Democracy and Technology endorses the bill, but it points out that it doesn't limit data retention for information collected on people who turn out to have no connection to a suspect or target, and emphasizes that this is not an omnibus solution. The group argued the bill had to be

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The USA Freedom Act passed the U.S. House of Representatives on May 13, 2015. With 338 votes for and 88 against it was passed without any amendments to the House Judiciary version because the House Rules Committee prohibited consideration of any amendment to the USA Freedom Act, claiming that any

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Directs the Attorney General to report to Congress annually regarding tangible things applications and orders in which the specific selection term does not specifically identify an individual, account, or personal device. Requires the report to indicate whether the court approving such orders has

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Mr. Conyers. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I oppose this amendment because it is not part of the delicate compromise that Chairman Goodlatte, Representatives Sensenbrenner, Nadler, and myself reached with the House Intelligence Committee and House leadership. After months of negotiation, we agreed on

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to appoint a panel of public advocates to advance legal positions in support of privacy and civil liberties, and would expand company reporting to the public on the scope of government requests for customers' data. This USA Freedom Act version thus gained the support of the Obama Administration,

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Negotiations among intelligence agencies, the White House, lawmakers and their aides, and privacy advocates in the summer of 2014 led to a modified bill (S. S.2685) in the U.S. Senate. This bill version addressed most privacy concerns regarding the NSA program that collects records of Americans'

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In May 2014, the U.S. House Judiciary Committee posted a "Manager's Amendment" on its website. Title VII of the Amendment read "Section 102(b)(1) of the USA Patriot Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 (50 U.S.C. 1805 note) is amended by striking "June 1, 2015" and inserting "December 31,

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power, irrespective of whether the person is inside the United States; or (2) knowingly aids, abets, or conspires with any person engaging in an international proliferation of weapons of mass destruction on behalf of a foreign power or conducting activities in preparation for such proliferation.

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to submit annually to Congress the number of: (1) FISA applications submitted and orders granted, modified, or denied under specified FISA authorities; and (2) appointments of an individual to serve as amicus curiae for FISA courts, including the name of each appointed individual, as well as any

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organizations called Congress to not stop at ending the NSA's bulk collection of telephone information under the USA PATRIOT Act, but to also end the FISA Amendments Act and Executive Order 12333 mass surveillance programs and restore accountability for bad actors in the Intelligence Community.

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Members of the anti-surveillance Civil Liberties Coalition are dismissing the USA Freedom Act in support of the Surveillance State Repeal Act, a far more comprehensive piece of legislation in the House that completely repeals the Patriot Act, as well as 2008's FISA Amendments Act. A group of 60

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Following the law's passage on June 2, 2015, ACLU deputy legal director Jameel Jaffer retracted his earlier criticism and claimed that "This is the most important surveillance reform bill since 1978, and its passage is an indication that Americans are no longer willing to give the intelligence

1975:"We think of the USA Freedom Act as yesterday's news," said Shahid Buttar of the Bill of Rights Defense Committee, "and we're interested in forcing the agencies into a future where they comply with constitutional limits." "If passed, it'll be the only step," predicted Patrick Eddington of the 1271:

Permits FISA courts to appoint an individual or organization to serve as amicus curiae in other instances, including to provide technical expertise. Requires such amicus curiae to provide: (1) legal arguments that advance protection of individual privacy and civil liberties, or (2) other legal

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to give more power to US intelligence agencies, and who has described himself as "author of the Patriot Act," declared that it was time to put the NSA's "metadata program out of business." With its bulk collection of Americans' phone data, Sensenbrenner asserted that the intelligence community

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An Act To reform the authorities of the Federal Government to require the production of certain business records, conduct electronic surveillance, use pen registers and trap and trace devices, and use other forms of information gathering for foreign intelligence, counterterrorism, and criminal

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to require the emergency production of tangible things without first obtaining a court order if the Attorney General: (1) reasonably determines that an emergency situation requires the production of tangible things before an order authorizing production can be obtained with due diligence, (2)

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amends the federal criminal code to provide that existing prohibitions against conduct that endangers the safe navigation of a ship: (1) shall apply to conduct that is committed against or on board a U.S. vessel or a vessel subject to U.S. jurisdiction, in U.S. territorial seas, or by a U.S.

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expands the categories of FISA court decisions, orders, or opinions that the Attorney General is required to submit to Congress within 45 days after issuance of the decision to include: (1) a denial or modification of an application under FISA; and (2) a change of the application, or a novel

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As amended, the USA Freedom Act would push back the expiration of Section 215 to the end of 2017, when Section 702 is set to expire. The current expiration is 1 June of next year. Some legislators are already whispering that allowing Section 215 to expire wholesale in 2015 is a preferable

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directs the Attorney General to ensure that appropriate privacy procedures are in place for the collection, retention, and use of nonpublicly available information concerning U.S. persons that is collected through a pen register or trap and trace device installed with FISA court approval.

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of the US Department of Justice Inspector General finding fault with certain FISA applications in connection with the 2016 presidential campaign, which led some members of Congress to insist on reforms to FISA as a condition of reauthorizing the expiring USA FREEDOM Act provisions. With

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Sets forth procedures regarding the delivery of a person who is suspected of committing a maritime navigation or fixed platform offense to the authorities of a country that is a party to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Maritime Navigation.

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Prohibits the FBI from applying for a tangible thing production order unless a specific selection term is used as the basis for the production. Maintains limitations under current law that prohibit the FBI from applying for tangible thing production orders for threat assessments.

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to audit the effectiveness and use of FISA authority to obtain production of tangible things from 2012 to 2014, including an examination of whether minimization procedures adopted by the Attorney General adequately protect the constitutional rights of U.S. persons. Directs the

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Chairman Goodlatte. The chair thanks the gentleman, and recognizes himself. The legislation before us today was carefully and painstakingly negotiated not just amongst members of this committee, but with our colleagues on the House Intelligence Committee and the intelligence

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requires a FISA court, as a condition to approving an application for a tangible thing production order, to find that the minimization procedures submitted with the application meet applicable FISA standards. Authorizes the court to impose additional minimization procedures.

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amends provisions prohibiting transactions involving nuclear materials to: (1) prohibit, intentionally and without lawful authority, carrying, sending, or moving nuclear material into or out of a country; and (2) establish an exception for activities of the armed forces.

1642:(EFF) stated it remained "concerned that this bill omits important transparency provisions found in the (original 2013) USA FREEDOM Act, which are necessary to shed light on surveillance abuses." In addition, the EFF said it believed "this bill should do more to address 1526:

or exposure to radiation; or (3) threatening, attempting, or conspiring to commit such an offense. Sets forth: (1) the circumstances in which the United States can exercise jurisdiction over such offenses, and (2) exceptions applicable to activities of the armed forces.

2349:"Letter to Senator Ron Wyden by Director of Legislative Affairs Deirdre M. Walsh (Office of the Director of National Intelligence) entitled"Response to Question from 5 June 2014 of the United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence regarding the USA Freedom Act"" 1130:

requires FISA court orders approving the production of tangible things to include each specific selection term used as the basis for such production. Prohibits FISA courts from authorizing the collection of tangible things without the use of a specific selection term.

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reauthorization in September 2019 and November 2019, respectively. Opposition to the call detail records program has led to some Congressional demands that the authority for the program not be renewed. Additional complications hindering reauthorization arose from a

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to ensure that any phone records obtained by the government were essential in an investigation that involved terrorism or espionage, thereby ending bulk collection, while preserving "the intelligence community's ability to gather information in a more focused way."

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including the director of national intelligence and attorney general, as well as many tech companies including Apple, Google, Microsoft and Yahoo as well as a diverse range of groups, including the National Rifle Association and the American Civil Liberties Union.

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Requires the FBI, in applications for ongoing production of call detail records for investigations to protect against international terrorism, to show: (1) reasonable grounds to believe that the call detail records are relevant to such investigation; and (2) a

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The House of Representatives passed on May 22, 2014 the USA Freedom act by 303 votes to 121. Because the House version was weakened by lawmakers loyal to the intelligence establishment it lost support of important House Judiciary members like Republicans

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to include a specific selection term as the basis for the use of the register or device. Prohibits broad geographic regions or an identification of an electronic communications service or a remote computing service from serving as such selection term.

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passed an extension of the Act by an 80-16 vote that expanded some privacy protections, but the Senate version did not include protection of Americans’ internet browsing and search histories from warrantless surveillance, which was proposed by Sens.

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that June. When it was re-introduced in the 114th Congress (2015–2016), it was described by the bill sponsors as "a balanced approach" while being questioned for extending the Patriot Act through the end of 2019. Supporters of the bill said that the

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Requires the Attorney General to identify in an existing semiannual report each agency on behalf of which the government has applied for orders authorizing or approving the installation and use of pen registers or trap and trace devices under FISA.

1899:, even if the Freedom Act becomes law, the NSA could continue its bulk collection of American's phone records. He explained that "it's going to depend on how the court interprets any number of the provisions" contained within the legislation. 1863:

The ITIC said "the USA Freedom Act, H.R. 2048, builds on the foundation laid by the House Judiciary Committee last Congress and the result is a bill that strengthens privacy protections while maintaining the interests of national security."

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Allows the FISA court of review to certify a question of law to be reviewed by the Supreme Court. Permits the Supreme Court to appoint FISA amicus curiae or other persons to provide briefings or other assistance upon such a certification.

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had previously written of the 2013 version that "although the USA Freedom Act does not fix every problem with the government's surveillance authorities and programs, it is an important first step and it deserves broad support."

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device; (2) using radioactive material or a device, using, damaging, or interfering with the operation of a nuclear facility in a manner that causes or increases the risk of the release of radioactive material, or causing

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noted concern that a provision that would have allowed companies to disclose to customers more information about government data requests has been dropped. In addition, an external special advocate that would oversee the

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entity, or account when requesting financial records for certain intelligence or protective functions; or (3) a consumer or account when requesting consumer reports for counterintelligence or counterterrorism purposes.

1792:, the Republican leader, argued that the NSA's bulk collection of Americans' metadata was a vital tool in the fight against terrorism. "This is the worst possible time to be tying our hands behind our backs," he said. 1450:

Increases from 15 to 20 years the maximum penalty of imprisonment for providing material support or resources to a foreign terrorist organization in cases where the support does not result in the death of any person.

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The USA Freedom Act was re-introduced in the House Judiciary Committee and Senate Judiciary Committee in late April 2015 based upon a modified version of the one which failed in the Senate in the 113th Congress.

2018:(R-Mont.) and failed by one vote. The House is expected to take up the Senate version of the extension, and some House members have signaled they will attempt to revive the Daines-Wyden amendment in the House. 2924: 927: 1805:

oversight provisions are less robust than would have been required in a previous version of the bill, with more limited reporting requirements and a more narrowly defined role for external court advocates.

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prohibits this Act from being construed to authorize the production of the contents of any electronic communication from an electronic communication service provider under such tangible thing requirements.

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Revises standards under which the government can prohibit recipients of national security letters from disclosing to anyone that the government has sought or obtained access to the requested information.

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to assist in the consideration of any application for an order or review that presents a novel or significant interpretation of the law, unless the court finds that such appointment is not appropriate.

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The Administration and the intelligence community believe they can do whatever they want, regardless of the laws Congress passes, so long they can convince one of the judges appointed to the secretive

1957:'s Security and Human Rights Program, agreed that "any proposal that fails to ban mass surveillance, end blanket secrecy, or stop discrimination against people outside the U.S. will be a false fix". 3467: 1462: 1154:

requires the government to compensate a person for reasonable expenses incurred in producing tangible things or providing technical assistance to the government to implement production procedures.

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to a defense appropriations bill that would have stripped funding for the NSA's collection program." "Just a weakened bill or worse than status quo? I'll find out," Representative Amash said.

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by the Attorney General, the Deputy Attorney General, an Assistant Attorney General, or the FBI Director that disclosure may endanger national security or interfere with diplomatic relations.

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The Center for National Security supports the USA Freedom Act introduced on April 28, 2015 to end bulk collection of Americans' telephone metadata under the so-called "section 215" program.

969:, restoration of public trust would require legislative changes. More than 20 bills have been written since the disclosures began with the goal of clarifying government surveillance powers. 1283:"specific selection term" as defined in this Act; and (2) make such decisions, orders, or opinions publicly available to the greatest extent practicable, subject to permissible redactions. 622: 2226: 1165: 1836:

also short of the necessary 60 votes, a two-month extension for the key provision in the Patriot Act that has been used to justify NSA spying, which was set to expire on June 1, 2015.

1823:

changes to the legislation would have weakened its chances of passage. The bill had the support of the White House, Attorney General Eric Holder and Director of National Intelligence

1098:

that the specific selection term is associated with a foreign power or an agent of a foreign power engaged in international terrorism or activities in preparation for such terrorism.

3392: 2655: 2001: 1953:. These practices affect many more people and include the collection of the actual content of internet communications and phone calls, not just metadata". Zeke Johnson, Director of 1510:

includes offenses involving violence against maritime navigation and maritime transport involving weapons of mass destruction within the definition of "federal crime of terrorism."

2293: 2851: 1233:(DNI) to target non-U.S. persons outside the United States if a FISA court later determines that certain targeting or minimization procedures certified to the court are unlawful. 1260: 3003: 1873:

original supporters amongst house members for extending the Patriot Act Mass surveillance programs without meaningful restraints, undermining the original purpose of the bill.

1827:. While civil liberties groups were divided over the support of the bill, lawmakers opposed to the Bill stated it will handicap the NSA and allow terrorist groups to prosper. 1667: 1409:

Currently i.e. as of May 13, 2015, the Attorney General is only required to submit only decisions regarding a significant construction or interpretation of any FISA provision.

915: 238: 4064: 3222: 1350:

allows national security letter recipients to challenge national security letter requests or nondisclosure requirements under modified procedures for filing a petition for

934:

due to the "unstoppable surveillance-industrial complex" despite the fact that a bipartisan majority of the House had previously voted to close backdoor mass surveillance.

1670:, praised the amendments. Rogers, who had his own bill which would codify the NSA's surveillance practices in to law, called the proposed amendments a "huge improvement." 3522: 1589:

device reforms, FISA acquisitions targeting persons outside the United States reforms, Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court reforms, Office of the Special Advocate,

1033:(FISC), provide businesses the ability to release information regarding FISA requests, and create an independent constitutional advocate to argue cases before the FISC. 1937:

expressed its concern that the "bill would do little to increase protections for the right to privacy for people outside the United States, a key problem that plagues

693: 2467: 1170: 3577: 1458: 4015: 1161: 138: 657: 2493: 3686: 1769: 1700: 1256: 919: 3277: 1566:. An amended version out of the House Judiciary Committee contained many provisions raising concerns among civil libertarians including an extension of the 1086:

Establishes two separate frameworks for the production of tangible things with different standards that apply based on whether the FBI's application seeks.

1244:

Allows a FISA court, if the government corrects the deficiency, to permit the use or disclosure of information obtained before the date of the correction.

271: 2634: 2588: 2144: 242: 4572: 2536: 993:

According to supporters, the USA Freedom Act was meant to end the bulk collection of Americans' metadata by the NSA, end the secret laws created by the

1938: 999: 3712: 1651:

for a new type of court order that the President has requested, allowing for continuous collection by the government of specified telephone records".

4610: 4331: 2042: 1377: 4133: 2760: 2374: 1646:

under Section 702 of Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Amendments Act, a section of law used to collect the communications of users worldwide." The

2925:"Comment Of Senator Patrick Leahy (D-Vt.), Chairman, Senate Judiciary Committee, On Action by the House Judiciary Committee to End Bulk Collection" 1490:

corporation or legal entity; and (2) shall not apply to activities of armed forces during an armed conflict or in the exercise of official duties.

134: 1688: 1381:

findings that such an appointment is not appropriate. Makes the report subject to a declassification review by the Attorney General and the DNI.

1337: 335: 4432: 2686: 2562: 2397: 1418: 1237:

before any court, grand jury, agency, legislative committee, or other authority of the United States, any state, or any political subdivision.

234: 2237: 1497:

Subjects property used or intended to be used to commit or to facilitate the commission of a maritime navigation offense to civil forfeiture.

3162: 2267:

Ms. Lofgren. This is an issue where a majority of Democrats and a majority of Republicans voted on the floor to approve this very same thing.

1148:

extends liability protections to persons who provide information, facilities, or technical assistance for the production of tangible things.

1076: 837: 497: 126: 1965:

supported because "the Senate will weaken the USA FREEDOM Act right before the sunset deadline, forcing the House to accept a weaker bill".

4630: 4620: 4280: 3385: 2663: 1607: 1567: 1101:

Requires a judge approving such an ongoing release of call detail records for an investigation to protect against international terrorism.

345: 2609: 1174:

assessment of any minimization procedures proposed by an element of the intelligence community that were modified or denied by the court.

3492: 3194: 3040: 1628: 1594: 2889: 2061: 4591: 3111: 2970: 2855: 4625: 3916: 3014: 502: 2796: 4381: 3066: 1333: 1695:

commented that he "remain concerned that the legislation approved today does not include some of the important reforms related to

1912: 1624: 1030: 376: 3440: 2833: 1704: 3529: 2515: 2348: 2197: 2006: 1942: 1341: 253: 3890: 3838: 2868:

Section 102(b)(1) of the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 (50 U.S.C. 1805 note) is amended by striking

3329: 1329: 994: 482: 340: 2323: 2027: 1979:, a former House staffer, since the next expiration date for a major piece of surveillance legislation is 31 December 2017. 1707:. I will continue to push for those reforms when the Senate Judiciary Committee considers the USA Freedom Act this summer." 1366:

relating to an authorized investigation to protect against international terrorism; and (2) orders approving such requests.

2423: 1676:

wrote "any compromise to the Judiciary bill risks an insurrection from civil libertarians in Congress. Michigan Republican

1351: 985:"misused those powers," had gone "far beyond" the original intent of the legislation, and had "overstepped its authority." 492: 1321:

directs the Attorney General to adopt procedures for imposed nondisclosure requirements, including requirements under the

4482: 4095: 2438: 736: 4038: 3738: 3585: 1417:

revises reporting requirements regarding electronic surveillance, physical searches, and tangible things to include the

2324:"Surveillance reform letter to Chairman Goodlatte, Ranking Member Conyers, Chairman Grassley, and Ranking Member Leahy" 642: 517: 456: 188: 180: 172: 164: 156: 4515: 4406: 3386:"Statement of Administration Policy H.R. 3361 – USA Freedom Act (Rep. Sensenbrenner, R-Wisconsin, and 152 cosponsors)" 2118: 909:

on October 29, 2013, following publication of classified NSA memos describing bulk data collection programs leaked by

4349: 3764: 1992: 1659: 1563: 1230: 830: 416: 3787: 900:

Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015

37:

Uniting and Strengthening America by Fulfilling Rights and Ensuring Effective Discipline Over Monitoring Act of 2015

3989: 3418: 563: 220: 4306: 3281: 2735: 4257: 4148: 406: 106: 98: 878:, which had expired the day before. The act imposes some new limits on the bulk collection of telecommunication 3088: 1639: 1299: 1112: 1056: 981: 330: 3608: 3360: 4569: 4543: 4162: 2540: 1777: 1476: 1322: 1229:

limits the government's use of information obtained through an authorization by the Attorney General and the

667: 411: 142: 3303: 3967: 2091: 1785: 1575: 1177:

Requires such Inspectors General to report to Congress regarding the results of such audit and assessment.

1003: 823: 487: 426: 297: 76: 1370:

directed additional, particularized minimization procedures beyond those adopted by the Attorney General.

4188: 1889: 1681: 871: 3004:"Amendment in the nature of a substitute to H.R. 3361 offered by Mr. Sensenbrenner of Wisconsin a.k.a. 926:. Critics assert that mass surveillance of the content of Americans' communication will continue under 859: 477: 1844:

to weaken the bill, considered "poison pills," were allowed to be considered but ultimately rejected.

1328:

Removes a requirement that the court treat as conclusive a certification by the Attorney General, the

1744: 1672: 1647: 1523: 1303: 652: 637: 146: 1556:

United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security and Investigations

247:

United States House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security and Investigations

4458:"Review of Four FISA Applications and Other Aspects of the FBI's Crossfire Hurricane Investigation" 1748: 1696: 1663: 1590: 1325:, to be reviewed at appropriate intervals and terminated if facts no longer support nondisclosure. 1307: 1306:

to require the FBI and other government agencies to use a specific selection term as the basis for

1221: 1026: 883: 811: 801: 777: 632: 512: 472: 4582: 2712: 4118: 3634: 1814:

used to limit ... the scope" of records sought. The term may not be a phone or Internet company.

1006:, which retains Americans' Internet data, and greater transparency by allowing companies such as 868: 772: 4232:"It's nearly two years after Snowden and privacy advocates are divided on how to fix NSA spying" 4173: 2820: 2952: 2781: 2422:

ACLU takes on Fisa court over secret decisions on surveillance laws, The Guardian, 10-19-2016,

855: 451: 436: 212: 91: 3660: 3555: 3500: 3251: 874:) is a U.S. law enacted on June 2, 2015, that restored and modified several provisions of the 4407:"Reauthorizing the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015 | United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary" 4350:"Trump Administration Asks Congress to Reauthorize N.S.A.'s Deactivated Call Records Program" 4119:"On Patriot Act Renewal and USA Freedom Act: Glenn Greenwald Talks With ACLU's Jameel Jaffer" 3252:"House votes to end NSA bulk collection of Americans' phone records _ but restraints limited" 2037: 2032: 1954: 1950: 931: 891: 688: 4172: 4134:"A Floor, Not a Ceiling: Supporting the USA FREEDOM Act as a Step Towards Less Surveillance" 2069: 1687:

After the marked up bill passed the House Judiciary Committee USA Freedom Act co-author and

26: 4615: 4203: 1781: 1614: 1571: 1471:

Currently i.e. as of May 13, 2015, such provisions are scheduled to expire on June 1, 2015.

1095: 726: 721: 381: 266: 3304:"H.R. 3361 USA Freedom act as passed by the U.S. House of Representatives on May 22, 2014" 1477:

Title VIII: Safety of Maritime Navigation and Nuclear Terrorism Conventions Implementation

1272:

arguments or information related to intelligence collection or communications technology.

1184:

to the effective date of such amendments during the period ending on such effective date.

8: 4457: 4455: 2978: 2800: 1946: 1904: 757: 573: 421: 306: 3862: 4588: 4016:"Tech Encourages Congress to Act Swiftly on Bipartisan Surveillance Reform Legislation" 2982: 1934: 731: 4490: 4357: 3891:"Key Parts of Patriot Act Expire Temporarily as Senate Moves Toward Limits on Spying" 3635:"USA Freedom Act Passes House, Codifying Bulk Collection For First Time, Critics Say" 3444: 3391:. Office of Management and Budget at Executive Office of the President. 21 May 2014. 1643: 1551: 1385:

detail records, and other tangible things; and (2) national security letters issued.

1207: 1018: 973: 711: 216: 3812: 2516:"Amash-backed bill aimed to end NSA spying programs garners even bipartisan support" 1900: 806: 789: 568: 553: 192: 168: 1945:

that may be occurring under other laws or regulations, such as Section 702 of the

1933:

groups remain somewhat skeptical of specific provisions of the bill. For example,

922:

would insist on reauthorizing all Patriot Act powers except bulk collection under

184: 176: 160: 4595: 4576: 4281:"Weakened surveillance reform bill is 'yesterday's news', civil libertarians say" 3713:"'Historic Tactical Win Against Surveillance' as USA Freedom Act Fails in Senate" 3684: 3528:. United States Congress House Judiciary Committee. 28 April 2015. Archived from 2198:"NSA reform bill imperilled as it competes with alternative effort in the Senate" 1789: 1655: 977: 794: 716: 607: 602: 2262:

legislation that we believe can pass the House, pass the Senate, and become law.

1574:

voted on November 18, 2014, to end further discussion of the measure during the

1222:

Title III: FISA Acquisitions Targeting Persons Outside the United States Reforms

3089:"OTI Statement on New Version of Surveillance Reform Bill, The USA FREEDOM Act" 2953:"Bill to Restrict N.S.A. Data Collection Blocked in Vote by Senate Republicans" 2439:"Patriot Act author prepares bill to put NSA bulk collection 'out of business'" 1976: 1921: 1586: 1466: 1194: 966: 910: 887: 578: 4065:"NSA reform bill passes House, despite loss of support from privacy advocates" 3223:"NSA reform bill passes House, despite loss of support from privacy advocates" 3136: 1784:

voted on November 18, 2014, to block further debate of the measure during the

1530:

Includes such offenses within the definition of "federal crime of terrorism."

1287:

available to summarize the significant construction or interpretation of law.

258: 4604: 4494: 4361: 4039:"Surveillance reform bill returns with concessions to NSA on data collection" 1896: 1824: 1692: 1632: 1559: 1264: 1060: 906: 767: 3687:"USA Freedom Act fails as senators reject bill to scrap NSA bulk collection" 2589:"Proposed USA FREEDOM Act Would Dramatically Curtail The NSA's Surveillance" 2537:"Bill Summary & Status: 113th Congress (2013–2014) H.R.3361 CRS Summary" 2294:"NSA's Creative Interpretations Of Law Subvert Congress And The Rule Of Law" 1860:

help restore trust in both the US government and the US technology sector."

1247: 4456:

Office of the Inspector General, US Department of Justice (December 2019).

3839:"Senate Clears USA Freedom Act After Ending Rand Paul Filibuster (Updated)" 2234:

House Judiciary Committee, House of Representatives, United States Congress

2015: 1930: 1885: 1841: 1717: 1677: 1582: 1581:

The bill comprised several provisions: FISA business records reforms, FISA

1457:

amends the USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005 and the

1203: 784: 762: 543: 3556:"US: Pass USA Freedom Act – Congress Should Take First Step Toward Reform" 1723:

The passed House version was criticised by U.S. senators, tech firms like

1916: 1570:

through the end of 2017. After considering the bill throughout 2014, the

1042: 875: 391: 130: 3888: 3863:

Jennifer Steinhauer, Charlie Savage and Jonathan Weisman (2 June 2015).

2834:"Chairman of key House committee agrees to proceed with NSA reform bill" 2145:"Senate Approves USA Freedom Act, Obama Signs It, After Amendments Fail" 1357: 110: 1728: 1037:

According to the bill's sponsors, their legislation would have amended

946: 938: 548: 401: 4433:"NSA Phone Surveillance Program Faces an End as Parties Come Together" 4096:"House Committee Votes to Reform USA Patriot Act with USA Freedom Act" 3739:"The Senate Fails to Reform NSA Spying, Votes Against USA Freedom Act" 3762: 2375:"Congress Must Put Human Rights at the Center of Surveillance Reform" 2011: 1732: 1593:

reforms, FISA and National Security Letter transparency reforms, and

942: 895: 752: 583: 507: 446: 361: 224: 3096: 2852:"House Judicicary Committee: Manager's Amendment to USA Freedom Act" 1461:

to extend until December 15, 2019, FISA authorities concerning: (1)

4167: 4018:. The Information Technology Industry Council (ITIC). 29 April 2015 3943:"Congressional action on NSA is a milestone in the post-9/11 world" 2950: 1736: 1619: 1428: 1014:

to disclose information about government requests for information.

1011: 879: 558: 386: 3465: 3112:"Key NSA Defender: Congress 'A Lot Closer' On Surveillance Reform" 2687:"NSA critics in Congress sense reform momentum after Obama speech" 1029:(NSA) and other government agencies, increase transparency of the 882:

on U.S. citizens by American intelligence agencies, including the

3917:"Barack Obama Signs 'USA Freedom Act' to Reform NSA Surveillance" 3836: 3685:

Ben Jacobs, Sabrina Siddiqui and Spencer Ackerman (23 May 2015).

3493:"Senate Vote 282 – Blocks Restrictions on N.S.A. Data Collection" 3067:"EFF Statement on Rep. Sensenbrenner's USA FREEDOM Act Amendment" 2563:"The USA Freedom Act: a look at the key points of the draft bill" 2169:"With deadline near, lawmakers introduce bill to end NSA program" 1740: 1202:

requires the government's FISA applications for orders approving

431: 396: 371: 315: 51: 2761:"H.R.2048 – 114th Congress (2015–2016): USA FREEDOM Act of 2015" 2734:

Leahy, Sen. Patrick; Sensenbrenner, Rep. Jim (29 October 2013).

1002:

rights. Other proposed changes included limits to programs like

4636:

United States federal defense and national security legislation

4516:"Surveillance bill clears House, but Senate fate remains murky" 3330:"NSA surveillance reform bill passes House by 303 votes to 121" 2974: 2797:"Bill Summary & Status 113th Congress (2013–2014) H.R.3361" 2398:"NSA Whistleblowers Oppose Freedom Act, Endorse Long-Shot Bill" 2095: 2092:"Bill Summary & Status 113th Congress (2013–2014) H.R.3361" 2065: 2062:"Bill Summary & Status 113th Congress (2013–2014) H.R.3361" 1724: 1558:

January 9, 2014, and the Senate version, introduced by Senator

1465:, including call detail records and other tangible things; (2) 1007: 941:

release "novel" interpretations of the law, which thereby sets

527: 4131: 2890:"USA Freedom Act unanimously clears House Judiciary Committee" 1513: 4544:"Senate passes FISA renewal bill, sends it back to the House" 3609:"House votes to reform NSA surveillance with USA Freedom Act" 3443:. THOMAS (Library of Congress). July 30, 2014. Archived from 1055:

This summary is based largely on the summary provided by the

366: 281: 4249: 3990:"BSA Welcomes Legislation to Reform Government Surveillance" 3416: 2753: 2610:"'Patriot Act' Author Seeks 'USA Freedom Act' to Rein In NSA 1481: 1195:

Title II: FISA Pen Register and Trap and Trace Device Reform

3195:"NSA reform falters as House passes gutted USA Freedom Act" 3129: 3041:"House Panels Race Against Each Other to Reform NSA Spying" 1877: 1808: 1290: 1263:

to jointly designate at least five individuals to serve as

950: 522: 441: 3865:"U.S. Surveillance in Place Since 9/11 Is Sharply Limited" 3582:

United States House of Representatives Judiciary Committee

2656:"USA Freedom Act Would Leash the National Security Agency" 965:

Many members of Congress believed that in the wake of the

227:) with 150 House and 21 Senate co-sponsors on April 8, 1ad 4483:"House Passes Bill Preserving F.B.I. Surveillance Powers" 3358: 2351:. Office of United States Senator Ron Wyden. 27 June 2014 1400:

person did not previously receive an order or directive.

1248:

Title IV: Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court Reforms

957:

to release interpretations prior to the USA Freedom Act.

905:

The bill was originally introduced in both houses of the

4382:"Oversight of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act" 3889:

Jennifer Steinhauer and Jonathan Weisman (1 June 2015).

3441:"Bill Text of S. 2685 in the 113th Congress (2013–2014)" 3361:"Congress passes NSA reform bill riddled with loopholes" 3354: 3352: 3350: 3013:. House Judicicary Committee. 5 May 2014. Archived from 2468:"U.S. Lawmakers Launch Assault on NSA Domestic Snooping" 2119:"NSA surveillance bill passes after weeks-long showdown" 1459:

Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004

1021:, who introduced the bill, stated that its purpose was: 1162:

USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005

139:

USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act of 2005

3188: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3180: 3163:"USA Freedom Act Passes House With Protests and Sighs" 2318: 2316: 2314: 2084: 1710: 1600: 3970:. Center for National Security Studies. 28 April 2015 3765:"Senate lets NSA spy program lapse, at least for now" 3763:

Patricia Stengerle and Warren Strobel (1 June 2015).

3347: 2224: 1851: 1358:

Title VI: FISA Transparency and Reporting Requirement

1049: 4258:"Demand Progress Decries Passage of USA FREEDOM Act" 3466:

Ellen Nakashima and Ed O'Keefe (November 18, 2014).

3160: 2627:"Rand Paul vs. Washington DC on the USA Freedom Act" 2005:

Congressional attention focused on dealing with the

1631:. Instead, the court's judges would designate five ' 1241:

indicates a threat of death or serious bodily harm.

4146: 3468:"Senate fails to advance legislation on NSA reform" 3177: 3156: 3154: 2311: 2971:"Bill Text 113th Congress (2013–2014) H.R.3361.IH" 2951:Charlie Savage and Jeremy W. Peters (2014-11-18). 2791: 2789: 2733: 1666:'s surveillance practices and the chairman of the 860: 3837:Matthew Fleming and Steven Dennis (2 June 2015). 3661:"House Passes USA Freedom Act to Curb NSA Spying" 2418: 2416: 2414: 2043:List of bills in the 113th United States Congress 1067: 1025:To rein in the dragnet collection of data by the 4602: 4481:Fandos, Nicholas; Savage, Charlie (2020-03-11). 4304: 3419:"EFF Dismayed by House's Gutted USA FREEDOM Act" 3321: 3280:. MSN News. The Associated Press. Archived from 3245: 3243: 3151: 2918: 2916: 2054: 1635:' who possess appropriate security clearances." 1550:The House version, introduced by Representative 1429:Title VII: Enhanced National Security Provisions 135:Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act 4585:at Representative Sensenbrenner's official site 4056: 3908: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2786: 2491: 1680:led such a revolt last year when he offered an 3278:"House passes curbs on NSA phone surveillance" 2411: 2389: 1943:mass surveillance or bulk collection practices 1166:Inspector General of the Department of Justice 4132:Kurt Opsahl and Rainey Reitman (2013-11-14). 3240: 3216: 3214: 3212: 2913: 2799:. THOMAS, Library of Congress. Archived from 2704: 2539:. THOMAS, Library of Congress. Archived from 1077:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 831: 127:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 4480: 3417:Marc Jacox and Nadia Kayyali (20 May 2014). 2939: 2825: 2162: 2160: 2158: 2028:US person § Data collection and intelligence 1867: 955:Motion for the Release of FISA Court Records 945:and thereby makes up the body of FISA court 4537: 4535: 4332:"Dan Coats Letter to Congressional Leaders" 4189:"US: Modest Step by Congress on NSA Reform" 4149:"The USA FREEDOM Act is Real Spying Reform" 3578:"MARKUP OF: H.R. 2048, THE USA FREEDOM ACT" 2341: 2220: 2218: 1986: 1795: 1629:Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board 1595:Privacy and Civil Liberties Oversight Board 1545: 1514:Subtitle B: Prevention of Nuclear Terrorism 4225: 4223: 4221: 4204:"Q & A on the USA FREEDOM Act of 2015" 4089: 4087: 4085: 3459: 3209: 2881: 2580: 2432: 2430: 2368: 2366: 2227:"MARKUP OF H.R. 2048, THE USA FREEDOM ACT" 838: 824: 239:Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence 4116: 3940: 3359:Christian Brazil Bautista (22 May 2014). 3008:: Manager's Amendment to USA Freedom Act" 2887: 2710: 2678: 2648: 2509: 2507: 2465: 2166: 2155: 2110: 1482:Subtitle A: Safety of Maritime Navigation 4611:Acts of the 114th United States Congress 4541: 4532: 4513: 4278: 4229: 4036: 3968:"CNSS Supports the 2015 USA Freedom Act" 3275: 3249: 3220: 2831: 2727: 2554: 2461: 2459: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2215: 2142: 1809:Passage out of House Judiciary Committee 1378:Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts 1344:or interfere with diplomatic relations. 1291:Title V: National Security Letter Reform 4218: 4082: 3914: 3327: 3192: 2684: 2662:. Bloomberg. 2013-10-31. Archived from 2586: 2560: 2436: 2427: 2363: 2291: 2273:Congress supports closing the backdoor. 2191: 2189: 2116: 1913:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court 1758: 1625:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court 1031:Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court 894:. The title of the act is a ten-letter 4603: 4386:Committee on the Judiciary - Democrats 4347: 4307:"NSA surveillance reform bill now law" 4201: 4093: 3785: 3736: 3710: 3658: 3606: 3137:"Final Vote Results for Roll Call 230" 3109: 2513: 2504: 2395: 2098:, Library of Congress. 29 October 2013 2007:COVID-19 pandemic in the United States 1298:amends the federal criminal code, the 937:The USA Freedom Act mandates that the 4255: 4206:. Center for Democracy and Technology 3632: 3553: 3256:The Star Tribune via Associated Press 3064: 2763:. United States Congress. 2 June 2015 2456: 2329:. Campaign for Liberty. 21 April 2015 2278: 2195: 2068:, Library of Congress. Archived from 1895:According to Deputy Attorney General 1562:, was read twice and referred to the 1467:roving electronic surveillance orders 1407:application, of any FISA provision. ( 886:. It also restores authorization for 4430: 4062: 3813:"H.R. 2048: USA FREEDOM Act of 2015" 3398:from the original on 22 January 2017 3161:Alexander Reed Kelly (23 May 2014). 3038: 2372: 2186: 1830: 1255:directs the presiding judges of the 4631:Terrorism laws in the United States 4621:Emergency laws in the United States 4279:Ackerman, Spencer (17 April 2015). 4037:Ackerman, Spencer (23 April 2015). 3499:. November 18, 2014. Archived from 3058: 2466:Gallagher, Rhan (29 October 2013). 1711:Passage in House of Representatives 1699:, a strong special advocate at the 1627:would no longer be selected by the 1601:Markup in House Judiciary Committee 1540: 737:Surveillance issues in smart cities 13: 4230:Peterson, Andrea (29 April 2015). 4147:Michelle Richardson (2013-10-29). 2167:Nakashima, Ellen (28 April 2015). 1888:, author of the narrowly defeated 1852:National security and trade groups 1840:the Senate Intelligence Committee 1463:the production of business records 1050:Provisions and elements of the Act 998:purportedly challenged Americans' 980:(H.R. 3162) in 2001 following the 865:Tooltip Public Law (United States) 457:Jindalee Operational Radar Network 14: 4647: 4563: 4305:Stephanie Condon (June 2, 2015). 4151:. American Civil Liberties Union. 4136:. Electronic Frontier Foundation. 2927:. Office of Senator Patrick Leahy 2888:Ackermann, Spencer (7 May 2014). 1993:Director of National Intelligence 1991:On August 14, 2019, the outgoing 1903:, Director of Civil Liberties at 1689:Senate Committee on the Judiciary 1564:Senate Committee on the Judiciary 1231:Director of National Intelligence 1096:reasonable, articulable suspicion 46:purposes, and for other purposes. 4626:Privacy law in the United States 4589:Full Text of the USA Freedom Act 4431:Volz, Dustin (6 December 2019). 4202:Geiger, Harley (28 April 2015). 4117:Greenwald, Glenn (27 May 2015). 3941:Nakashima, Ellen (2 June 2015). 3421:. Electronic Frontier Foundation 3221:Peterson, Andrea (22 May 2014). 3069:. Electronic Frontier Foundation 2832:Ackerman, Spencer (5 May 2014). 2561:Roberts, Dan (10 October 2013). 2396:Nelson, Steven (27 April 2015). 2292:Granick, Jennifer (2013-12-16). 2225:House Judiciary Committee, Dan. 1915:(FISC) to agree. This isn't the 1817: 1554:as HR 3361, was referred to the 1421:as a recipient of such reports. 314: 25: 4542:Matishak, Martin (2020-05-14). 4514:Matishak, Martin (2020-03-11). 4507: 4474: 4449: 4424: 4399: 4374: 4341: 4324: 4298: 4272: 4195: 4181: 4155: 4140: 4125: 4110: 4030: 4008: 3982: 3960: 3934: 3882: 3856: 3830: 3805: 3788:"Senate Rejects NSA Amendments" 3779: 3756: 3730: 3704: 3678: 3652: 3626: 3600: 3584:. 30 April 2015. Archived from 3570: 3547: 3515: 3485: 3433: 3410: 3378: 3296: 3269: 3103: 3081: 3032: 2996: 2963: 2922: 2844: 2814: 2775: 2619: 2603: 2529: 2485: 2117:Diamond, Jeremy (2 June 2015). 4348:Savage, Charlie (2019-08-15). 4094:Knibbs, Kate (30 April 2015). 3915:Thorp V, Frank (2 June 2015). 3786:Hattem, Julian (2 June 2015). 3193:Kravets, David (22 May 2014). 3139:. clerk.house.gov. 22 May 2014 2492:Editorial Board (2013-06-06). 2143:Chappell, Bill (2 June 2015). 2136: 1640:Electronic Frontier Foundation 1300:Right to Financial Privacy Act 1068:Title I: FISA Business Records 1057:Congressional Research Service 982:September 11 terrorist attacks 924:Section 215 of the Patriot Act 898:(USA FREEDOM) that stands for 1: 3711:Prupis, Nadia (23 May 2015). 3607:Lecher, Colin (13 May 2015). 3309:. thomas.loc.gov. 22 May 2014 3276:Dilanian, Ken (23 May 2014). 3250:Dilanian, Ken (22 May 2014). 2514:Krietz, Andrew (2013-10-15). 2048: 1941:. Nor would the bill address 1608:controversial USA PATRIOT Act 1568:controversial USA PATRIOT Act 1340:that disclosure may endanger 1323:National Security Act of 1947 960: 668:Investigatory Powers Act 2016 143:National Security Act of 1947 4256:Segal, David (2 June 2015). 3328:Roberts, Dan (22 May 2014). 2614:U.S. News & World Report 2587:Wilhelm, Alex (2013-10-29). 2373:Butz, Natalie (7 May 2015). 1939:U.S. surveillance activities 1786:113th United States Congress 1778:2014 Congressional elections 1668:House Intelligence Committee 1576:113th United States Congress 916:House Intelligence Committee 77:114th United States Congress 7: 3737:Zetter, Kim (23 May 2015). 3659:Zetter, Kim (23 May 2015). 3110:Hudson, John (6 May 2014). 3039:Volz, Justin (5 May 2014). 2685:Roberts, Dan (2013-10-10). 2494:"President Obama's Dragnet" 2437:Roberts, Dan (2013-10-10). 2021: 1654:Despite the criticism from 10: 4652: 4163:"Justin Amash on Facebook" 3633:Sacks, Sam (14 May 2015). 3065:Maass, Dave (5 May 2014). 3006:House Judicicary Committee 1770:federal surveillance court 1334:Assistant Attorney General 988: 16:2015 U.S. surveillance law 4260:. Demand Progress dot org 3523:"USA FREEDOM Act of 2015" 2736:"The case for NSA reform" 1983:agencies a blank check." 1868:Civil liberties advocates 1749:National Security Letters 1745:Amnesty International USA 1697:national security letters 1648:Open Technology Institute 1610:through the end of 2017. 1524:radioactive contamination 1419:House Judiciary Committee 1308:national security letters 1304:Fair Credit Reporting Act 653:National Intelligence Law 638:Data Protection Directive 204: 199: 152: 147:Fair Credit Reporting Act 122: 117: 97: 87: 82: 71: 63: 50: 41: 33: 24: 4411:www.judiciary.senate.gov 1987:Proposed Reauthorization 1796:114th Congress (2015–16) 1591:National Security Letter 1546:113th Congress (2013–14) 1027:National Security Agency 884:National Security Agency 812:Nothing to hide argument 633:Data Retention Directive 3554:Human (30 April 2015). 2377:. Amnesty International 1890:Amash–Conyers Amendment 1330:Deputy Attorney General 231:Committee consideration 153:U.S.C. sections amended 4579:at Library of Congress 2275: 2269: 2264: 2258: 1927: 1342:U.S. national security 1208:trap and trace devices 1035: 452:Mastering the Internet 270:on June 2, 2015 ( 257:on May 13, 1 ad ( 3994:The Software Alliance 2713:"The USA Freedom Act" 2270: 2265: 2259: 2253: 2038:FISA Improvements Act 2033:The Day We Fight Back 1955:Amnesty International 1951:Executive Order 12333 1909: 1764:phone calls in bulk. 1606:2017," extending the 1023: 976:, who introduced the 932:Executive Order 12333 689:FISA Improvements Act 3558:. Human Rights Watch 3503:on November 22, 2014 3045:The National Journal 2711:Sensenbrenner, Jim. 2196:Ackermann, Spencer. 1759:Defeat in the Senate 1662:, a defender of the 1615:The National Journal 1597:subpoena authority. 1261:FISA court of review 892:lone wolf terrorists 722:Secure communication 564:Southern Cross Cable 4437:Wall Street Journal 4236:The Washington Post 4069:The Washington Post 3947:The Washington Post 3472:The Washington Post 3447:on December 7, 2014 3227:The Washington Post 2979:Library of Congress 2666:on November 3, 2013 2616:(October 10, 2013). 2173:The Washington Post 2072:on 20 December 2014 1947:FISA Amendments Act 1905:Stanford Law School 967:Snowden disclosures 928:Section 702 of FISA 758:Intelligence agency 574:Bad Aibling Station 422:Boundless Informant 307:Global surveillance 259:Yeas: 338; Nays: 88 200:Legislative history 21: 4594:2014-08-16 at the 4575:2014-10-08 at the 4487:The New York Times 4354:The New York Times 4063:Peterson, Andrea. 3895:The New York Times 3869:The New York Times 3497:The New York Times 2957:The New York Times 1935:Human Rights Watch 1848:on the sixth day. 732:Call detail record 272:Yeas: 67; Nays: 32 243:Financial Services 34:Other short titles 19: 4413:. 6 November 2019 2874:December 31, 2017 1831:Passage in Senate 1644:mass surveillance 1552:Jim Sensenbrenner 1171:Inspector General 1019:Jim Sensenbrenner 974:Jim Sensenbrenner 848: 847: 712:Mass surveillance 658:Cybersecurity Law 291: 290: 217:Jim Sensenbrenner 100:Statutes at Large 4643: 4558: 4557: 4555: 4554: 4548:www.politico.com 4539: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4520:www.politico.com 4511: 4505: 4504: 4502: 4501: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4462: 4453: 4447: 4446: 4444: 4443: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4419: 4418: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4393: 4378: 4372: 4371: 4369: 4368: 4345: 4339: 4338: 4336: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4291: 4276: 4270: 4269: 4267: 4265: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4227: 4216: 4215: 4213: 4211: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4185: 4179: 4178: 4176: 4171:. 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Ars Technica 3176: 3150: 3128: 3116:Foreign Policy 3102: 3099:on 6 May 2014. 3080: 3057: 3031: 3020:on 23 May 2014 2995: 2962: 2938: 2912: 2880: 2872:and inserting 2843: 2824: 2813: 2785: 2782:H.R. 3361 2774: 2752: 2726: 2703: 2677: 2647: 2618: 2602: 2579: 2553: 2528: 2503: 2498:New York Times 2484: 2455: 2426: 2410: 2388: 2362: 2340: 2310: 2277: 2243:on 18 May 2015 2214: 2185: 2154: 2135: 2109: 2083: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2046: 2045: 2040: 2035: 2030: 2023: 2020: 1988: 1985: 1977:Cato Institute 1929:International 1869: 1866: 1853: 1850: 1832: 1829: 1819: 1816: 1810: 1807: 1797: 1794: 1776:Following the 1760: 1757: 1712: 1709: 1703:, and greater 1673:Foreign Policy 1602: 1599: 1587:trap and trace 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1515: 1512: 1483: 1480: 1478: 1475: 1430: 1427: 1359: 1356: 1292: 1289: 1249: 1246: 1223: 1220: 1196: 1193: 1069: 1066: 1051: 1048: 990: 987: 962: 959: 911:Edward Snowden 856:H.R. 2048 846: 845: 843: 842: 835: 828: 820: 817: 816: 815: 814: 809: 804: 799: 798: 797: 792: 782: 781: 780: 775: 770: 760: 755: 747: 746: 745:Related topics 742: 741: 740: 739: 734: 729: 724: 719: 714: 706: 705: 701: 700: 699: 698: 697: 696: 691: 680: 679: 675: 674: 673: 672: 671: 670: 662: 661: 660: 655: 647: 646: 645: 640: 635: 627: 626: 625: 620: 612: 611: 610: 605: 594: 593: 589: 588: 587: 586: 581: 579:Dagger Complex 576: 571: 566: 561: 556: 551: 546: 538: 537: 533: 532: 531: 530: 525: 520: 515: 510: 505: 500: 495: 490: 485: 480: 475: 467: 466: 462: 461: 460: 459: 454: 449: 444: 439: 434: 429: 424: 419: 414: 409: 404: 399: 394: 389: 384: 379: 374: 369: 364: 356: 355: 351: 350: 349: 348: 343: 338: 333: 325: 324: 320: 319: 311: 310: 302: 301: 289: 288: 286: 285: 275: 262: 249: 228: 213:H.R. 2048 205: 202: 201: 197: 196: 189:50 U.S.C. 181:18 U.S.C. 173:18 U.S.C. 165:15 U.S.C. 157:12 U.S.C. 154: 150: 149: 124: 120: 119: 115: 114: 103: 95: 94: 89: 85: 84: 80: 79: 73: 69: 68: 65: 61: 60: 57: 48: 47: 43: 39: 38: 35: 31: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4648: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 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