874:
the election but counting one whose nomination was late (and who was elected). Those elected were Carlos Gómez Martínez (Spain), Changrok Soh (Republic of Korea), Imeru
Tamerat Yigezu (Ethiopia), Mahjoub El Haiba (Morocco), José Manuel Santos Pais* (Portugal), Tania María Abdo Rocholl* (Paraguay), Wafaa Ashraf Moharram Bassim (Egypt), Kobauyah Tchamdja Kpatcha (Togo), and Marcia V.J. Kran* (Canada). Asterisks denote sitting members who were re-elected. David H. Moorre (United States) won an additional, contested "by-election" held on the same date, to elect a member to complete the term ending December 31, 2020, of Ilze Brands Kehris (Latvia), who had resigned effective December 31, 2019, upon her appointment as UN Assistant Secretary-General for Human Rights.
925:
the state a list of issues to address, and the state's report must only answer the questions raised in that list of issues. The
Committee subsequently adopted the simplified reporting procedure on a pilot basis, although it remains an optional alternative to the "regular" procedure, i.e., submission of a full report. At its 124th session in 2018, the Committee decided to adopt the simplified reporting procedure on a permanent basis, and to encourage all states to switch to simplified reporting. It also decided to strive to limit the number of questions in each list of issues to 25. In 2019, the Committee decided to make the simplified reporting procedure the default, changing a state's selection of it from an opt-in to an opt-out model.
1014:
submit its observations within six months, under
Article 4 of the First Optional Protocol. Once the State replies to the complaint, the complainant is offered an opportunity to comment, within a set time frame. If the Committee concludes that a violation of the ICCPR has taken place, in its follow-up procedure the Committee invites the State to provide information within 180 days on its steps to implement the Committee's recommendations. The State’s response is transmitted to the complainant for comments. If the State party fails to take appropriate action, the Committee keeps the case under consideration. Thus, the Committee maintains a dialogue with the State party and the case remains open until satisfactory measures are taken.
622:
5988:
488:
542:
752:
1565:
of article 19, paragraph 3, as well as such articles as 2, 5, 17, 18 and 26. Thus, for instance, it would be impermissible for any such laws to discriminate in favor of or against one or certain religions or belief systems, or their adherents over another, or religious believers over non-believers. Nor would it be permissible for such prohibitions to be used to prevent or punish criticism of religious leaders or commentary on religious doctrine and tenets of faith.
352:
consideration "to the usefulness of the participation of some persons having legal experience." Also according to
Article 28, the members serve in their individual capacity, rather than as representatives of their countries. As stated in Articles 29 and 30 of the ICCPR, they are elected by a meeting of the states parties to the ICCPR held at UN Headquarters. Based on Article 32, they serve four-year terms, with one-half of their number elected every second year.
6014:
700:
462:
408:
832:
382:
674:
594:
514:
84:
726:
186:
648:
434:
43:
806:
778:
568:
974:(currently 116 countries) have agreed to allow persons within their jurisdiction to submit complaints ("individual communications") to the Committee claiming that their rights under the ICCPR have been violated. The ICCPR is one of eight UN human rights treaties with individual complaints procedures available; two other treaties state such procedures that are not yet in force.
951:
Equatorial Guinea's initial report was 30 years overdue. That Annex also listed thirteen states whose periodic reports were ten years or more overdue, with
Afghanistan's overdue by 22 years, and Nigeria's overdue by 19; ten states whose periodic reports were five to ten years overdue; and 28 states whose periodic reports were overdue by less than five years.
5085:
882:
was late. Those elected were Yadh Ben Achour* (Tunisia), Christopher Bulkan (Guyana), Photini
Pazartzis* (Greece), Hélène Tigroudja (France), Hernán Quezada Cabrera (Chile), Gentian Zyberi (Albania), Vasilka Sancin (Slovenia), Shuichi Furuya (Japan), and Duncan Muhumuza Laki* (Uganda). Asterisks denote sitting members who were re-elected.
924:
In July 2010, the
Committee proposed a new optional reporting procedure called the "List of Issues Prior to Reporting" (LOIPR) or "Simplified Reporting Procedure". Under this system, instead of the state submitting a full report on its implementation of each article of the ICCPR, the Committee sends
881:
On June 14, 2018, the States parties to the ICCPR met and elected nine members of the
Committee, to replace those whose terms would expire at the end of 2018. There were sixteen candidates for the nine positions, not counting two who were withdrawn shortly before the election and one whose nomination
857:
On June 17, 2022, the States parties to the ICCPR met in New York and elected nine members of the
Committee, to replace those whose terms would expire at the end of 2022. There were seventeen candidates for the nine positions, including one whose nomination was late. Those elected were Yvonne Donders
1856:
1574:
The
Covenant provides for inter-State complaints "that enables one State Party to charge another with a violation to the treaty." "o interstate complaint mechanism has yet been submitted" (up to 2009). This is still a matter of jurisdiction and it is optional to the committee of whether or not they
1564:
Prohibitions of displays of lack of respect for a religion or other belief system, including blasphemy laws, are incompatible with the Covenant, except in the specific circumstances envisaged in article 20, paragraph 2, of the Covenant. Such prohibitions must also comply with the strict requirements
1013:
Individual communications that contain the necessary prima facie elements are referred to the Committee’s Special Rapporteur on New Communications and Interim Measures, who decides whether the case should be registered. At that point, the case is transmitted to the State party, which is requested to
946:
One set of weaknesses is inherent to a system of self-reporting. Though in theory, reports should be an honest appraisal, constructive criticism of perceived failures to adhere to Covenant principles is unlikely. The Centre for Civil and Political Rights, an NGO, states that "State reports often .
937:
NGOs and other civil society organizations play a crucial role in the reporting process. Any NGO, regardless of accreditation, may submit its own reports (sometimes called "shadow reports") to the Committee, comment on state reports, and attend all Committee sessions as observers. Furthermore, the
873:
On September 17, 2020 (postponed from June 15, 2020), the States parties to the ICCPR met and elected nine members of the Committee, to replace those whose terms would expire at the end of 2020. There were fourteen candidates for the nine positions, not counting two who were withdrawn shortly before
351:
The ICCPR states the basic rules for the membership of the Human Rights Committee. Article 28 of the ICCPR states that the Committee is composed of 18 members from states parties to the ICCPR, "who shall be persons of high moral character and recognized competence in the field of human rights", with
928:
In July 2019 the Committee decided to move, beginning in 2020, to an eight-year "Predictable Review Cycle" (PRC), under which it would schedule one review for each state party (including those states that failed to report). This cycle involves a five-year review process, and a three-year interval
1545:
The Committee has circulated a draft of its next, forthcoming General Comment, General Comment 37 on ICCPR Article 21, the right of peaceful assembly, seeking public comments on the draft by an extended deadline of February 21, 2020. The draft has been criticized for its reliance on decisions of
950:
Late reporting and non-reporting by states is another problem. The Committee's annual report through March 2019 stated that fifteen states' "initial reports are overdue, of which 7 are overdue by between 5 and 10 years and 8 are overdue by 10 years or more." The report's Annex IV listed them;
1040:
The Committee has received thousands of complaints since its inception. A few of its decisions that are notable are listed below, in reverse chronological order. Among more recent decisions that attracted press and academic attention, in two October 2018 decisions the Committee concluded that
903:
All states parties to the ICCPR have an obligation "to submit reports on the measures they have adopted which give effect to the rights recognized and on the progress made in the enjoyment of those rights." The Human Rights Committee is responsible for "study" and responding to those reports
920:
Following the submission of a state's report, representatives of the state appear before the Committee in Geneva or New York to discuss the report, in an in-person constructive dialogue which is generally webcast live on UN Web TV. Following this dialogue, the Committee drafts and adopts its
894:
The Committee meets three times a year for four-week sessions (spring session at UN headquarters in New York, summer and fall sessions at the UN Office in Geneva). The categories of its work, outlined below, include state reporting, individual complaints, general comments, and inter-state
1554:, in a section headed "The death penalty." One commentator has stated that its description of how the right to life applies during situations of armed conflict and its statement of the relationship between international human rights law and international humanitarian law are noteworthy.
982:
Before considering the merits (substance) of an individual communication, the Committee must be satisfied that it is admissible. The Committee may review many factors in determining admissibility and may conclude that, for an individual communication to be admissible, it must:
4350:
312:(ICCPR). The Committee meets for three four-week sessions per year to consider the periodic reports submitted by the 173 States parties to the ICCPR on their compliance with the treaty, and any individual petitions concerning the 116 States parties to the ICCPR's
1017:
The Committee considers individual communications in closed session, but its decisions ("Views") and any follow-up are public. Given the large number of complaints, several years may elapse between submission of a complaint and the Committee’s decision on it.
921:
concluding observations, a document including positive aspects, subjects of concern, and suggestions and recommendations. Subsequently, under its follow-up procedure, the Committee assesses whether certain recommendations have been fulfilled within one year.
987:
be submitted by an individual victim whose rights have been personally violated, or be submitted with sufficient authorization of such an individual, or otherwise justify the reasons for being submitted on behalf of another. The Communication cannot be
5610:
4310:
1549:
The Committee's most recent General Comment (of October 30, 2018) was General Comment 36 on ICCPR Article 6, on the right to life (replacing General Comments 6 and 14, of 1982 and 1984, respectively). Of its seventy paragraphs, twenty address
904:
submitted by states. States parties must submit an initial report within one year of the ICCPR's entry into force, and subsequent periodic reports as requested by the Committee. This reporting system is mandated by Article 40 of the ICCPR.
4235:
5896:
5120:
342:
composed of persons, established by the ICCPR, and discussing matters pertaining only to that treaty. The Human Rights Committee is often referred to as CCPR (Committee on Civil and Political Rights) in order to avoid that confusion.
5694:
5445:
4245:
5440:
5482:
4330:
971:
313:
4215:
907:
The frequency of the periodic reports was formerly about every five years, but starting in 2020 is every eight years. The UN has published guidance for states on reporting to the Committee and other human rights
947:. . fail to describe the implementation of the Covenant in practice" and "frequently lack an honest evaluation of the difficulties the State faces in implementing the rights guaranteed under the Covenant."
4200:
4097:
877:
On August 28, 2018, Andreas B. Zimmermann (Germany) won an uncontested by-election to complete the term ending December 31, 2020, of Anja Seibert-Fohr (Germany), who had resigned effective March 1, 2018.
5487:
4210:
2597:
3590:
955:, a UK-based NGO, asserts that "there remains a relatively low level of engagement and implementation of recommendations" on the part of States, and that the level of States compliance with
5457:
5507:
3510:
1560:
In July 2011, the UN Human Rights Committee adopted a 52-paragraph statement, General Comment 34 on ICCPR Article 19, concerning freedoms of opinion and expression. Paragraph 48 states:
5467:
1045:, the full-face Islamic veil, violated human rights guaranteed under the ICCPR, in particular the rights to manifest one's religion or beliefs and to protection against discrimination.
5110:
3899:
3711:
912:. The principal purpose of the report is to promote state compliance with the treaty principles and it should be an "honest appraisal of their conformity to the treaty obligations".
5766:
4772:
929:
before the next review process begins. All states parties were divided into 8 groups of 21-22 states each, with the reporting process to start for each group on a different year.
5048:
4059:
4026:
2005:"Human Rights Committee, Focused reports based on replies to lists of issues prior to reporting (LOIPR): Implementation of the new optional reporting procedure (LOIPR procedure)"
338:
composed of states, established by a UN General Assembly resolution and the UN Charter, and discussing the entire range of human rights concerns; the Human Rights Committee is a
5164:
4752:
3790:
3004:
4320:
4260:
4123:
2571:
2223:
5502:
5642:
4668:
4619:
3085:
5582:
5430:
3100:
3090:
4637:
3016:
31:
5154:
5090:
5043:
4807:
4129:
3924:
3535:
994:
relate to events that occurred after entry into force of the First Optional Protocol for the state in question (with some exceptions, developed by the Committee);
5492:
5308:
4345:
5791:
5477:
4602:
3704:
3530:
3515:
3080:
2699:
2645:
101:
56:
6039:
5771:
5357:
4959:
4225:
1761:
5724:
5674:
5472:
5075:
5018:
4688:
4255:
4167:
4146:
4052:
3879:
3780:
309:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5545:
5497:
5391:
5013:
3884:
3210:
5781:
5462:
5340:
4919:
4865:
4782:
4698:
4683:
3821:
207:
200:
5917:
5060:
4777:
3697:
3678:
3540:
3095:
250:
148:
5335:
5115:
4607:
4573:
4494:
4419:
3929:
3525:
3425:
222:
120:
5891:
5535:
5530:
5386:
4884:
4290:
4135:
4045:
3520:
2724:
6034:
5159:
5065:
4556:
4485:
4250:
3585:
5823:
5587:
5100:
5095:
5070:
4934:
4757:
4708:
4585:
4561:
4394:
3894:
3826:
1907:
1591:
Jakob Th. Möller/Alfred de Zayas, The United Nations Human Rights Committee Case Law 1977-2008, N.P.Engel Publishers, Kehl/Strasbourg, 2009,
229:
127:
5223:
5852:
5786:
5330:
4817:
4404:
3470:
3460:
3455:
3185:
2598:"The UN Human Rights Committee Disagrees with the European Court of Human Rights Again: The Right to Manifest Religion by Wearing a Burqa"
5144:
4399:
4220:
3490:
3475:
3410:
3400:
3230:
3105:
5879:
5813:
5525:
5452:
5435:
4797:
4747:
4673:
4614:
4550:
4156:
4108:
3959:
3919:
3560:
3345:
3330:
3160:
3145:
2789:
1172:
236:
134:
62:
5171:
4879:
4658:
4597:
4205:
4151:
3983:
3944:
3846:
3565:
3480:
3360:
3285:
3265:
3260:
3130:
2620:"Draft General Comment No. 37 on Article 21 (Right of Peaceful Assembly) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
2357:
331:
17:
1350:
5885:
5719:
5006:
4944:
4904:
4792:
4456:
4021:
3580:
3505:
3415:
3370:
3315:
3235:
3195:
3175:
1542:
To date the Committee has issued 36 "General Comments", each of which provides detailed guidance on particular parts of the ICCPR.
2785:
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty
2770:
Members of the Committee - Internet Archive Page providing historical Committee membership on numerous dates between 2004 and 2013
2769:
2382:
1037:
All Committee decisions on individual complaints are available in online compilations published by UN, NGO, and academic sources.
1021:
Information on the process and how to use it, including examples and guidelines for submitting complaints, is available from some
218:
116:
4693:
4546:
4476:
3841:
3632:
3602:
3570:
3555:
3445:
3405:
3390:
3385:
3350:
3300:
3255:
3190:
3170:
3165:
3150:
3135:
3125:
3120:
3110:
2670:
5325:
5248:
5105:
5080:
4525:
4118:
4068:
3550:
3545:
3500:
3450:
3435:
3420:
3380:
3365:
3340:
3305:
3240:
3200:
3180:
3115:
3055:
2816:
886:
of the United States was not elected, in reportedly "a first-ever defeat of a US candidate for the UN Human Rights Committee."
5932:
5835:
5801:
5704:
5684:
5615:
5403:
5374:
5352:
5243:
5176:
4964:
4909:
4230:
4102:
3831:
3673:
3575:
3495:
3485:
3395:
3355:
3335:
3320:
3310:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3250:
3245:
3225:
3215:
3205:
1596:
1257:
1219:
962:
Other widely noted problems include the backlog of the Committee and the heavy burden on states, particularly small states.
5756:
5379:
5149:
4735:
4720:
4703:
3949:
3851:
3775:
3440:
3430:
3295:
3290:
3220:
5847:
5842:
5266:
5134:
4996:
4899:
4822:
4762:
4337:
4305:
3800:
3140:
2082:"Human Rights Committee, Decision on additional measures to simplify the reporting procedure and increase predictability"
1736:
327:
2195:
2166:
5968:
5213:
5001:
4991:
4663:
4626:
4414:
4315:
3724:
3155:
2957:
2548:
5953:
5637:
5369:
5238:
4969:
4949:
4889:
4874:
4141:
3954:
3904:
3752:
3728:
3668:
2962:
1866:
287:
269:
167:
70:
2434:"Model Complaint Form, for communication under [First] Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, the CAT, or the CERD"
2313:
867:
453:
5864:
5033:
2790:
Status of ICCPR (signatures, ratifications, reservations, declarations, etc.) from United Nations Treaty Collection
1213:
Conviction of opposition leader accompanied with unfair trial, unlawful detention, inhuman conditions of detention
243:
141:
1125:
862:* (France), Bacre Waly Ndiaye (Senegal), Tijana Šurlan (Serbia), Koji Teraya (Japan), Farid Ahmadov (Azerbaijan),
5620:
5038:
5023:
4592:
4568:
3889:
3805:
2987:
2916:
2906:
1978:
1238:
1406:
6044:
5218:
4742:
4678:
4580:
4377:
4296:
Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol)
4201:
United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
4188:
3934:
3836:
3375:
3325:
2200:
1557:
In December 2014 the Committee issued General Comment 35 on ICCPR Article 9, "liberty and security of person".
952:
334:. Whereas the Human Rights Council (since June 2006) and the Commission on Human Rights (before that date) are
105:
1070:
5912:
5830:
5751:
5709:
5669:
5597:
5278:
5203:
5188:
4517:
4355:
3970:
3011:
2433:
3689:
2032:
1305:
5818:
5679:
4449:
3785:
3465:
3075:
2921:
2056:
870:(Costa Rica), and Hernán Quezada Cabrera* (Chile). Asterisks denote sitting members who were re-elected.
4894:
4713:
4331:
Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence (Istanbul Convention)
3663:
2911:
2278:
1472:
5053:
6004:
5689:
5652:
5647:
5233:
4981:
4653:
4541:
2809:
1649:"Protecting refugees and asylum seekers under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
1518:
938:
Committee often holds a closed meeting with interested NGOs as part of its review of a state's report.
317:
2081:
1933:
5422:
5408:
5296:
4939:
4844:
4827:
4498:
3909:
2521:
2784:
5714:
5699:
5284:
4356:
on the Prevention, Punishment, and Eradication of Violence against Women (Belém do Pará Convention)
3993:
2779:
2407:
2335:
1804:
1490:
5659:
4442:
4325:
4113:
3747:
3653:
3050:
1634:
196:
94:
2774:
2619:
2358:"Drafting Complaints to the United Nations Human Rights Committee and Committee against Torture"
2004:
1786:
1668:
5746:
5208:
4929:
4236:
Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families
3597:
3060:
2999:
2982:
2890:
2751:
Buergenthal, Shelton and Stewart, International Human Rights in a Nutshell, 4th edition, p. 61.
2103:
1693:
883:
2764:
5973:
5945:
5937:
5734:
5632:
5345:
4787:
4508:
4162:
3978:
3658:
2846:
2802:
2700:"The Human Rights Committee's General Comment No. 36 and the Right to Life in Armed Conflict"
1332:
859:
797:
5776:
1314:
1286:
5963:
5927:
5922:
5874:
5605:
4854:
4240:
4092:
2992:
2841:
2033:"Human Rights Committee, Summary of Position Paper on 2020 as Updated in the 126th Session"
1830:
1608:
5695:
International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World
2646:"The Use of Regional Jurisprudence in UN Draft General Comment on the Freedom of Assembly"
1181:
1003:
not be under consideration by another international investigation or settlement procedure;
8:
5664:
4389:
4037:
2937:
1425:
4480:
2549:"France: Banning the niqab violated two Muslim women's freedom of religion - UN experts"
1117:
5796:
4409:
4013:
3998:
3988:
3742:
3045:
1551:
1443:
4246:
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
5806:
5761:
5741:
5626:
5396:
5290:
5228:
5028:
4489:
3874:
2851:
1862:
1592:
1369:
1143:
613:
4241:
International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid
2499:
5362:
5302:
5272:
4954:
4648:
4351:
on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities
3757:
3065:
2780:
First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
1200:
1088:
4211:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
6018:
4725:
4295:
1805:"Human Rights Committee: 36th Meeting of states parties (New York, 14 June 2018)"
1762:"Human Rights Committee: 38th Meeting of States parties (New York, 15 June 2020)"
863:
533:
5987:
1387:
1381:
Different levels of public funding for religious schools of different religions
1269:
Declaration by political party that Scientology is incompatible with membership
326:
The UN Human Rights Committee should not be confused with the more high-profile
4465:
3869:
3040:
2336:"Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
2224:"Human Rights Treaty Body Review 2020:Towards an Integrated Treaty Body System"
1026:
6028:
4098:
Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples
3719:
2141:
1499:
909:
547:
323:, each responsible for overseeing the implementation of a particular treaty.
2477:
1006:
not be precluded by a reservation to the ICCPR by the state in question; and
5992:
5869:
5729:
4730:
3721:
2880:
2836:
2825:
2383:"A guide for taking individual complaints to UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies"
2256:
1908:"Human Rights Committee Introduces Fixed Eight-Year State Review Schedule"
5958:
5772:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Mandela Rules)
3612:
2885:
2875:
1718:
956:
705:
493:
320:
305:
6013:
2572:"French ban on full-face Islamic veil violates human rights: U.N. panel"
2167:"Report of the Human Rights Committee: 123rd, 124th, and 125th Sessions"
1858:
Diplomacy, The Only Legitimate Way Of Conducting International Relations
5859:
4924:
4027:
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC)
467:
413:
308:
composed of 18 experts, established by a 1966 human rights treaty, the
1648:
3637:
2231:
The Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights
1531:
Unlawful arrest, detention, torture, and trial of political activist
1194:
Detention of opposition leader, and conviction after an unfair trial
185:
83:
4849:
4837:
4216:
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination
3070:
1116:
Enforced disappearance and unfair trial of former Foreign Minister
837:
679:
387:
2308:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2300:
1882:
1363:
Firing of teacher for controversial, allegedly religious opinions
1308:; establishment of voting districts disproportional to population
1042:
5767:
Standard Minimum Rules for the Administration of Juvenile Justice
4434:
3627:
3622:
599:
519:
1251:
Denial of citizenship and deportation based on Holocaust denial
4914:
4832:
4802:
4767:
3939:
3914:
3900:
UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA)
3791:
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
3607:
2794:
2297:
811:
731:
627:
4261:
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
4124:
Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women
2057:"Simplified Reporting Procedure: The Predictable Review Cycle"
1934:"Documentation tools for State Parties and Permanent Missions"
1009:
not be frivolous, vexatious, or otherwise an abuse of process.
4812:
4080:
3915:
UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
783:
653:
573:
439:
3885:
Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODIHR)
3880:
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
3617:
1326:
Annulment of candidacy for election based on language test
915:
757:
4067:
2455:
2271:
1609:"Monitoring the core international human rights treaties"
1022:
965:
32:
United Nations human rights organization (disambiguation)
4130:
Declaration on the Elimination of Violence Against Women
2314:"Human Rights Treaty Bodies - Individual Communications"
1787:"Human Rights Committee: 37th Meeting of States parties"
1669:"International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights"
1471:
Arrest and banishment of persons including politician
941:
6002:
4226:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
4142:
Declaration on sexual orientation and gender identity
3925:
UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA)
2551:. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
2458:. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
2436:. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
2338:. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
2316:. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
2285:. UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1737:"39th Meeting of States parties & 2022 elections"
1546:
regional, as opposed to global, human rights bodies.
991:
relate to a right actually protected under the ICCPR;
5725:
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
5675:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
4321:
Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
4256:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
4147:
American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man
3781:
Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
2775:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
2747:
2745:
2196:"The United Nations Human Rights Committee Unpacked"
310:
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
2729:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
2678:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
2500:"Decisions and Views of the Human Rights Committee"
2061:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1938:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1809:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1791:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1766:
UN Office of the high Commissioner for Human Rights
1741:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1698:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
1673:
UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
108:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
5782:Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
4375:
3591:of the military dictatorship in Brazil (1964-1985)
2671:"Advance unedited version, General Comment No, 36"
2492:
2426:
898:
5918:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
3955:Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO)
3679:United Nations Prize in the Field of Human Rights
2742:
1854:
6026:
4420:Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court
3842:European Committee for the Prevention of Torture
1779:
1000:show that domestic remedies have been exhausted;
5892:World Federation of United Nations Associations
5387:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
4136:Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
4022:International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)
3822:African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
1455:Criminalization of sexual contacts between men
1175:disenfranchising ethnic Germans and Hungarians
538:
4251:Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989
2502:. University of Minnesota Human Rights Library
2478:"Database of Human Rights Committee decisions"
2215:
1711:
4450:
4395:Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
4053:
3705:
2810:
2279:"Human Rights Bodies - Complaints Procedures"
1754:
1729:
1569:
1437:Quebec laws requiring use of French language
1344:Policy prohibiting use of Afrikaans language
1232:Seizure and destruction of election leaflets
696:
484:
6040:United Nations organizations based in Geneva
5787:Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons
4405:Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness
4291:African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights
2159:
2074:
1601:
458:
404:
4400:Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
4221:Convention on the Political Rights of Women
3960:UN Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT)
2251:
2249:
2247:
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
5880:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
5792:UN Advisory Committee of Local Authorities
4457:
4443:
4157:Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action
4109:Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam
4060:
4046:
3827:African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights
3712:
3698:
2817:
2803:
2725:"General Comments, Human Rights Committee"
2697:
2375:
1663:
1661:
889:
828:
670:
378:
330:(HRC), or the predecessor of the HRC, the
4082:Declarations, manifestos, and resolutions
3895:UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
3847:Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
2131:(Oxford University Press, 2010) at p. 161
1961:(Oxford University Press, 2010) at p. 150
1951:
1100:Law prohibiting termination of pregnancy
590:
510:
288:Learn how and when to remove this message
270:Learn how and when to remove this message
168:Learn how and when to remove this message
5309:Conference on International Organization
4311:Convention for the Prevention of Torture
2400:
2244:
2187:
1900:
1828:
916:Procedure, and recent procedural changes
802:
722:
618:
5224:Office international d'hygiène publique
3930:Commission on the Status of Women (CSW)
3920:Joint UN Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
3905:International Labour Organization (ILO)
3511:in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
2480:. Centre for Civil and Political Rights
2259:. Centre for Civil and Political Rights
1973:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1658:
1635:"United Nations Human Rights Committee"
1082:Failure to address pesticide poisoning
774:
644:
564:
430:
219:"United Nations Human Rights Committee"
117:"United Nations Human Rights Committee"
14:
6027:
5019:Spokesperson for the Secretary-General
4119:Declaration of the Rights of the Child
4069:International human rights instruments
3945:UN Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)
3603:List of human rights abuses by country
3091:during the Battle of Mosul (2016-2017)
3056:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment
2193:
2129:Textbook on International Human Rights
2051:
2049:
2025:
1959:Textbook on International Human Rights
1155:State's modification of person's name
966:Individual complaints to the Committee
748:
355:The current membership is as follows:
206:Please improve this article by adding
6035:United Nations Human Rights Committee
5933:UN television film series (1964–1966)
5685:International Narcotics Control Board
5616:Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty
5404:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
5375:Convention on the Rights of the Child
5353:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4438:
4374:
4277:
4231:Convention on the Rights of the Child
4186:
4185:
4168:Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
4103:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
4079:
4041:
3890:Organisation of American States (OAS)
3693:
3674:Universal Declaration of Human Rights
2798:
2643:
2595:
2569:
2146:Centre for Civil and Political Rights
1983:International Justice Resource Center
1912:International Justice Resource Center
302:United Nations Human Rights Committee
5757:United Nations Postal Administration
5392:Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues
5111:Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
3852:Inter-American Court of Human Rights
3776:Committee on the Rights of the Child
2698:Todeschini, Vito (21 January 2019).
2134:
1997:
1964:
1694:"Human Rights Committee: Membership"
1512:Alleged mistrial, prison conditions
1137:Expulsion from country of residence
972:First Optional Protocol to the ICCPR
932:
179:
106:adding citations to reliable sources
77:
36:
5160:Permanent representatives to the UN
5049:Political and Peacebuilding Affairs
4338:American Convention on Human Rights
3758:Truth and reconciliation commission
2596:Berry, Stephanie (3 January 2019).
2221:
2194:Denman, Claire (24 February 2020).
2096:
2046:
1719:"Human Rights Committee Membership"
1575:will accept such complaint or not.
1537:
942:Limitations of the reporting system
852:
24:
5969:Withdrawal from the United Nations
5155:Security Council Permanent members
4464:
4316:European Convention on Nationality
3101:during the Libyan civil war (2011)
2963:National human rights institutions
2958:List of human rights organisations
2388:. FLAC (Free Legal Advice Centres)
1831:"The UN Eyes a World With Less US"
1829:Crosette, Barbara (30 July 2018).
316:. The Committee is one of ten UN
25:
6056:
5954:United Nations in popular culture
5638:Expulsion from the United Nations
5583:General Assembly President (2016)
4306:Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
2758:
2644:Aswad, Evelyn (7 February 2020).
2363:. Open Society Justice Initiative
1615:. Office of the High Commissioner
1419:Law prohibiting Holocaust denial
52:This article has multiple issues.
6012:
5986:
4278:
3086:at Guantánamo Bay detention camp
2824:
1493:of prominent government critics
1400:Unlawful trial and imprisonment
830:
804:
776:
750:
724:
698:
672:
646:
620:
592:
566:
540:
512:
486:
460:
432:
406:
380:
184:
82:
41:
30:For simlarly named entites, see
5542:International Court of Justice
5091:Sport for Development and Peace
3950:UN Development Programme (UNDP)
3910:World Health Organization (WHO)
3211:in Chile under Augusto Pinochet
2917:Natural rights and legal rights
2907:Claim rights and liberty rights
2717:
2691:
2663:
2637:
2612:
2589:
2563:
2541:
2514:
2470:
2448:
2350:
2328:
2121:
1926:
1875:
1848:
1822:
1797:
899:State reporting under the ICCPR
93:needs additional citations for
60:or discuss these issues on the
5219:Permanent Court of Arbitration
5214:International Peace Conference
4581:International Court of Justice
4378:International humanitarian law
3837:European Court of Human Rights
3081:against Palestinians by Israel
2570:Miles, Tom (23 October 2018).
1686:
1641:
1627:
1585:
997:be sufficiently substantiated;
13:
1:
5752:Sustainable Development Goals
5279:Declaration by United Nations
5204:International Telegraph Union
4346:to Prevent and Punish Torture
2414:. Stop Violence Against Women
1578:
1106:Shikhmuradova v. Turkmenistan
970:States that are party to the
959:recommendations is only 19%.
332:UN Commission on Human Rights
208:secondary or tertiary sources
5680:International Criminal Court
5116:UN organizations by location
3786:International Criminal Court
2922:Negative and positive rights
1071:Portillo Cáceres v. Paraguay
1032:
977:
427:Wafaa Ashraf Moharram Bassim
7:
5814:Security Council veto power
5121:Sexual Violence in Conflict
5044:Economic and Social Affairs
4615:Economic and Social Council
3940:UN Children's Fund (UNICEF)
3664:List of human rights awards
3536:in the United Arab Emirates
2912:Individual and group rights
2522:"0443671_factsheet_def.qxp"
2408:"UN Human Rights Committee"
1855:Mohammad Younus Fahim, Dr.
1613:United Nations Human Rights
1285:Conviction for calling for
10:
6061:
5865:UN Memorial Cemetery Korea
5690:International Day of Peace
5172:General Assembly Observers
4495:General Assembly President
4342:Inter-American Convention
4206:Convention against Torture
3935:UN Population Fund (UNFPA)
3586:of the Marcos dictatorship
2127:R. K. M. Smith,
1957:R. K. M. Smith,
1570:Inter-State Communications
1161:Bergauer v. Czech Republic
346:
29:
27:United Nations treaty body
5982:
5905:
5596:
5518:
5421:
5409:World Heritage Convention
5318:
5297:Dumbarton Oaks Conference
5259:
5196:
5187:
5133:
5007:General Assembly Building
4980:
4863:
4635:
4534:
4516:
4507:
4472:
4385:
4370:
4286:
4273:
4196:
4181:
4088:
4075:
4007:
3968:
3860:
3814:
3796:UN Human Rights Committee
3766:
3753:Human rights institutions
3735:
3646:
3531:in the State of Palestine
3516:in the Dominican Republic
3096:during the Gaddafi regime
3033:
2978:
2971:
2950:
2930:
2899:
2871:
2860:
2832:
2104:"State & NGO Reports"
745:Kobauyah Tchamdja Kpatcha
18:UN Human Rights Committee
5715:Military Staff Committee
5054:Dag Hammarskjöld Library
4557:Deputy Secretary-General
4486:Deputy Secretary-General
4008:ICRC – organization with
3832:African Court of Justice
2456:"Jurisprudence database"
2257:"Human Rights Committee"
1979:"Human Rights Committee"
1289:from voting in election
375:Tania María Abdo Rocholl
5886:Woodrow Wilson Memorial
5848:UN International School
5843:UN Federal Credit Union
5824:Security Council reform
5660:Four Nations Initiative
5588:Security Council (2016)
5431:Security Council vetoes
4562:Under-Secretary-General
4114:Declaration of Montreal
3801:UN Human Rights Council
3748:Human rights commission
3654:History of human rights
3061:Enforced disappearances
3051:Crimes against humanity
890:Meetings and activities
667:José Manuel Santos Pais
328:UN Human Rights Council
314:First Optional Protocol
5836:Security Council mural
5802:Millennium Declaration
5747:SDG Publishers Compact
5209:Universal Postal Union
3598:Incitement to genocide
2891:Universal jurisdiction
2765:Human Rights Committee
884:Pierre-Richard Prosper
641:Hernán Quezada Cabrera
195:relies excessively on
6045:Quasi-judicial bodies
5974:Women in peacekeeping
5633:Drug control treaties
4163:Yogyakarta Principles
3979:Amnesty International
3659:List of global issues
2108:Claiming Human Rights
1465:241/1987 and 242/1987
1333:Diergaardt v. Namibia
561:Carlos Gómez Martínez
5928:United Nations Radio
5923:United Nations Medal
5875:University for Peace
5606:Bretton Woods system
5341:governed territories
5086:Developing Countries
4997:Secretariat Building
4866:Specialized agencies
4093:Brazilian Resolution
4010:special status based
3541:in the United States
3316:in Jammu and Kashmir
2862:Fundamental concepts
2142:"CCPR State Reports"
1883:"Meeting and events"
1480:Baboeram v. Suriname
1461:Bithashwiwa v. Zaire
1426:Ballantyne v. Canada
1126:Nystrom v. Australia
1041:France's ban on the
825:Imeru Tamerat Yigezu
336:UN political bodies:
102:improve this article
5700:International Years
5665:Genocide Convention
5101:Outer Space Affairs
5096:Disarmament Affairs
5061:Safety and Security
5002:Conference Building
4982:Secretariat offices
4627:Trusteeship Council
4390:Genocide Convention
3806:UN Security Council
3526:in the Soviet Union
3426:in Papua New Guinea
3076:Human rights abuses
3034:Human rights abuses
2938:Corporal punishment
2014:. 29 September 2010
1444:Toonen v. Australia
858:(The Netherlands),
5720:Official languages
5267:London Declaration
5076:Internal Oversight
5066:Palestinian Rights
4638:Funds, programmes,
4410:Geneva Conventions
4014:Geneva Conventions
3999:Human Rights First
3989:Human Rights Watch
3743:Human rights group
3521:in the Philippines
3046:Crime of apartheid
1637:. 14 January 2014.
1552:capital punishment
1491:"December murders"
1473:Étienne Tshisekedi
1431:359/1989, 385/1989
1315:Ignatāne v. Latvia
1295:Mátyus v. Slovakia
864:Laurence R. Helfer
534:Laurence R. Helfer
370:Year First Joined
6000:
5999:
5831:UN Art Collection
5807:Millennium Summit
5762:UN Block By Block
5742:Ralph Bunche Park
5710:UN laissez-passer
5670:UN Global Compact
5627:Delivering as One
5526:Secretary-General
5417:
5416:
5397:Indigenous Caucus
5291:Tehran Conference
5285:Moscow Conference
5260:Preparatory years
5229:League of Nations
5129:
5128:
5029:Palace of Nations
4731:UNEP/GRID-Arendal
4547:Secretary-General
4490:Amina J. Mohammed
4477:Secretary-General
4432:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4415:Hague Conventions
4366:
4365:
4269:
4268:
4189:International law
4177:
4176:
4035:
4034:
3875:Council of Europe
3687:
3686:
3669:Three generations
3029:
3028:
2946:
2945:
2412:hrlibrary.umn.edu
1985:. 14 January 2014
1597:978-3-88357-144-7
1535:
1534:
1370:Waldman v. Canada
1275:Svetik v. Belarus
1144:Raihman v. Latvia
1089:Mellet v. Ireland
933:NGO participation
868:Rodrigo A. Carazo
866:(United States),
850:
849:
587:Bacre Waly Ndiaye
454:Rodrigo A. Carazo
298:
297:
290:
280:
279:
272:
254:
178:
177:
170:
152:
75:
16:(Redirected from
6052:
6017:
6016:
6008:
5993:World portal
5991:
5990:
5897:Biopiracy treaty
5483:Nagorno-Karabakh
5453:Security Council
5436:General Assembly
5363:Human Rights Day
5303:Yalta Conference
5273:Atlantic Charter
5194:
5193:
5150:Founding members
5071:Peace Operations
4955:World Bank Group
4649:Culture of Peace
4640:and other bodies
4593:Security Council
4569:General Assembly
4535:Principal organs
4514:
4513:
4481:António Guterres
4459:
4452:
4445:
4436:
4435:
4372:
4371:
4275:
4274:
4183:
4182:
4152:Paris Principles
4077:
4076:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4039:
4038:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3691:
3690:
3441:in Punjab, India
3066:Forced migration
2976:
2975:
2869:
2868:
2864:and philosophies
2819:
2812:
2805:
2796:
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2053:
2044:
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2041:
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2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2009:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1975:
1962:
1955:
1949:
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1946:
1944:
1930:
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1919:
1914:. 2 October 2019
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1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1605:
1599:
1589:
1538:General Comments
1484:146/1983, et al.
1258:Arenz v. Germany
1118:Boris Şyhmyradow
1048:
1047:
895:communications.
860:Hélène Tigroudja
853:Recent elections
840:
836:
834:
833:
814:
810:
808:
807:
798:Hélène Tigroudja
786:
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614:Marcia V.J. Kran
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507:Mahjoub El Haiba
496:
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5255:
5197:Preceding years
5183:
5136:
5125:
4984:and departments
4983:
4976:
4868:
4859:
4642:
4639:
4631:
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4084:
4071:
4066:
4036:
4031:
4011:
4009:
4003:
3964:
3862:
3856:
3815:Regional bodies
3810:
3768:
3762:
3731:
3718:
3688:
3683:
3642:
3471:in South Africa
3461:in Sierra Leone
3456:in Saudi Arabia
3186:in Burkina Faso
3141:in Azad Kashmir
3025:
2967:
2942:
2926:
2895:
2865:
2863:
2856:
2847:Intersex people
2828:
2823:
2761:
2756:
2755:
2750:
2743:
2733:
2731:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2708:
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2075:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2054:
2047:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2017:
2015:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1988:
1986:
1977:
1976:
1965:
1956:
1952:
1942:
1940:
1932:
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1927:
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1628:
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1590:
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1572:
1540:
1173:"Beneš decrees"
1060:
1055:
1035:
980:
968:
944:
935:
918:
901:
892:
855:
831:
829:
805:
803:
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723:
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673:
671:
647:
645:
621:
619:
593:
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567:
565:
541:
539:
513:
511:
487:
485:
461:
459:
433:
431:
407:
405:
381:
379:
349:
340:UN expert body:
294:
283:
282:
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276:
265:
259:
256:
213:
211:
205:
201:primary sources
189:
174:
163:
157:
154:
111:
109:
99:
87:
46:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6058:
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5538:
5533:
5522:
5520:
5516:
5515:
5513:
5512:
5511:
5510:
5505:
5503:Western Sahara
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5470:
5465:
5460:
5450:
5449:
5448:
5443:
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5216:
5211:
5206:
5200:
5198:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5179:
5177:European Union
5169:
5168:
5167:
5157:
5152:
5147:
5141:
5139:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5126:
5124:
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5098:
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5068:
5063:
5058:
5057:
5056:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5016:
5014:Envoy on Youth
5011:
5010:
5009:
5004:
4999:
4988:
4986:
4978:
4977:
4975:
4974:
4973:
4972:
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4962:
4952:
4947:
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4937:
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4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4871:
4869:
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4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4847:
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4765:
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4706:
4701:
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4691:
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4671:
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4651:
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4564:
4559:
4554:
4538:
4536:
4532:
4531:
4529:
4528:
4522:
4520:
4511:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4499:Dennis Francis
4492:
4483:
4473:
4470:
4469:
4466:United Nations
4462:
4461:
4454:
4447:
4439:
4430:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
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4392:
4386:
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4367:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4340:
4335:
4334:
4333:
4328:
4326:Social Charter
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4287:
4284:
4283:
4271:
4270:
4267:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4253:
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4238:
4233:
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4179:
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4095:
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4073:
4072:
4065:
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4057:
4050:
4042:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4029:
4024:
4018:
4016:
4005:
4004:
4002:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3975:
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3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
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3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3870:European Union
3866:
3864:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3818:
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3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
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3772:
3770:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3739:
3737:
3733:
3732:
3720:International
3717:
3716:
3709:
3702:
3694:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
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3648:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3491:in Switzerland
3488:
3483:
3478:
3476:in South Korea
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3411:in North Korea
3408:
3403:
3401:in New Zealand
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3346:in Kyrgyzstan
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3231:in El Salvador
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3156:in Balochistan
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3106:in Afghanistan
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3041:Atrocity crime
3037:
3035:
3031:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3007:
3002:
2997:
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2990:
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2979:
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2821:
2814:
2807:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2760:
2759:External links
2757:
2754:
2753:
2741:
2716:
2690:
2662:
2636:
2611:
2588:
2562:
2540:
2513:
2491:
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2425:
2399:
2374:
2349:
2327:
2296:
2270:
2243:
2222:Lhotske, Jan.
2214:
2186:
2174:United Nations
2158:
2133:
2120:
2095:
2073:
2045:
2024:
1996:
1963:
1950:
1925:
1899:
1874:
1867:
1847:
1821:
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1080:
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1054:Communication
1052:
1034:
1031:
1027:United Nations
1011:
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1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
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989:
979:
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536:
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523:
508:
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497:
482:
481:Yvonne Donders
478:
477:
474:
471:
456:
450:
449:
446:
443:
428:
424:
423:
420:
417:
402:
398:
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348:
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296:
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278:
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192:
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183:
176:
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90:
88:
81:
76:
50:
49:
47:
40:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6057:
6046:
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6041:
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6015:
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5989:
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5812:
5808:
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5804:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5777:Treaty Series
5775:
5773:
5770:
5768:
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5763:
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5758:
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5753:
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5708:
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5471:
5469:
5466:
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5461:
5459:
5456:
5455:
5454:
5451:
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5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5146:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5137:and observers
5132:
5122:
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5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
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5081:Legal Affairs
5079:
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5059:
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4707:
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4285:
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4232:
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4137:
4134:
4131:
4128:
4125:
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4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
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4107:
4104:
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4087:
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4078:
4074:
4070:
4063:
4058:
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4049:
4044:
4043:
4040:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3994:Emergency NGO
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3967:
3961:
3958:
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3928:
3926:
3923:
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3918:
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3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3861:Multi-lateral
3859:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
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3817:
3813:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3767:International
3765:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3725:organisations
3723:
3715:
3710:
3708:
3703:
3701:
3696:
3695:
3692:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
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3649:
3645:
3639:
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3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3561:in Uzbekistan
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3451:in the Russia
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3331:in Kazakhstan
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3161:in Bangladesh
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3146:in Azerbaijan
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
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3079:
3078:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3032:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:South America
3010:
3008:
3006:
3005:North America
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2974:
2970:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2955:
2953:
2951:Organizations
2949:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2929:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
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2797:
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2748:
2746:
2730:
2726:
2720:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2679:
2672:
2666:
2651:
2650:Just Security
2647:
2640:
2625:
2624:www.ohchr.org
2621:
2615:
2600:. EJIL: Talk!
2599:
2592:
2577:
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2384:
2378:
2359:
2353:
2337:
2331:
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2309:
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2301:
2284:
2283:www.ohchr.org
2280:
2274:
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2250:
2248:
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2203:
2202:
2197:
2190:
2175:
2168:
2162:
2147:
2143:
2137:
2130:
2124:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2083:
2077:
2062:
2058:
2052:
2050:
2034:
2028:
2013:
2006:
2000:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1954:
1939:
1935:
1929:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1888:
1884:
1878:
1870:
1868:9781446697061
1864:
1860:
1859:
1851:
1836:
1832:
1825:
1810:
1806:
1800:
1792:
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1767:
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1742:
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1732:
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1530:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1520:
1516:
1515:
1511:
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1501:
1497:
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1481:
1478:
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1470:
1467:
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1430:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1412:
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1408:
1404:
1403:
1399:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1366:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1306:Apportionment
1304:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1259:
1255:
1254:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:v. Kyrgyzstan
1183:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1038:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
990:
986:
985:
984:
975:
973:
963:
960:
958:
954:
948:
939:
930:
926:
922:
913:
911:
910:treaty bodies
905:
896:
887:
885:
879:
875:
871:
869:
865:
861:
845:
842:
839:
827:
824:
823:
819:
816:
813:
801:
799:
796:
795:
791:
788:
785:
773:
770:
769:
765:
762:
759:
747:
744:
743:
739:
736:
733:
721:
719:Tijana Šurlan
718:
717:
713:
710:
707:
695:
692:
691:
687:
684:
681:
669:
666:
665:
661:
658:
655:
643:
640:
639:
635:
632:
629:
617:
615:
612:
611:
607:
604:
601:
589:
586:
585:
581:
578:
575:
563:
560:
559:
555:
552:
549:
548:United States
537:
535:
532:
531:
527:
524:
521:
509:
506:
505:
501:
498:
495:
483:
480:
479:
475:
472:
469:
457:
455:
452:
451:
447:
444:
441:
429:
426:
425:
421:
418:
415:
403:
401:Farid Ahmadov
400:
399:
395:
392:
389:
377:
374:
373:
369:
366:
363:
360:
359:
356:
353:
344:
341:
337:
333:
329:
324:
322:
321:treaty bodies
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
292:
289:
274:
271:
263:
252:
249:
245:
242:
238:
235:
231:
228:
224:
221: –
220:
216:
215:Find sources:
209:
203:
202:
198:
193:This article
191:
187:
182:
181:
172:
169:
161:
150:
147:
143:
140:
136:
133:
129:
126:
122:
119: –
118:
114:
113:Find sources:
107:
103:
97:
96:
91:This article
89:
85:
80:
79:
74:
72:
65:
64:
59:
58:
53:
48:
39:
38:
33:
19:
5984:
5946:
5938:
5884:
5730:Peacekeeping
5705:Interpreters
5625:
5326:Peacekeeping
5244:organization
5145:Full members
5106:Partnerships
4992:Headquarters
4714:peacekeeping
4376:
4280:Regional law
4279:
4187:
4081:
3795:
3769:institutions
3729:institutions
3722:human rights
3566:in Venezuela
3481:in Sri Lanka
3361:in Lithuania
3286:in Indonesia
3266:in Hong Kong
3261:in Guatemala
3131:in Australia
3121:in Argentina
2972:By continent
2900:Distinctions
2881:Positive law
2826:Human rights
2732:. Retrieved
2728:
2719:
2707:. Retrieved
2704:Opinio Juris
2703:
2693:
2681:. Retrieved
2677:
2665:
2653:. Retrieved
2649:
2639:
2627:. Retrieved
2623:
2614:
2602:. Retrieved
2591:
2579:. Retrieved
2575:
2565:
2553:. Retrieved
2543:
2532:. Retrieved
2528:
2516:
2504:. Retrieved
2494:
2482:. Retrieved
2472:
2460:. Retrieved
2450:
2438:. Retrieved
2428:
2416:. Retrieved
2411:
2402:
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