333:
G, et al 2013). This evolutionary trajectory has resulted in the loss of the peptidoglycan cell wall, a hallmark characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria. Despite this evolutionary divergence, instances have been reported where U. urealyticum, upon gram staining, exhibited the same characteristics as Gram-negative bacteria. Notably, despite such staining outcomes, it is imperative to recognize that the U. urealyticum remains a Gram-Positive bacterium, This discrepancy underscores the importance of discerning between staining outcomes and bacterial classification (“Ureaplasma
Urealyticum.” Microbewiki).
359:
presence of U. urealyticum in the sample. After this, it should be transferred to the 10B Broth, where once placed it will turn yellow, but then slowly change the color to pink. This helps to indicate the growth of the bacterium(Waites, Ken B, et al 2012). The reason it can grow on this 10B Broth is because it has a lot of nutrients that let the bacteria grow from heart infusion to yeast extract, yet, it also has urea to help the bacteria to hydrolyze it and with hydrolyzing it causes the release of ammonia that causes the broth to change to a pink color (
350:
new movements to use
Azithromycin to treat these infections. This is a therapeutic that can be taken orally, once ingested our macrophages, which are part of our immune system, take up the antibiotic and deliver it to the sites of infection (Fan et al. 2023). This helps control the infection where the bacteria grows, additionally, it is also a great alternative to when a mother is pregnant so it does not cause harm to the fetus since It's using our immune system to help defend the fetus and the mother's body.
68:
946:
46:
312:(T960 and 27) have evolutionary diverged together. In the same study conducted, using the same 16s rDNA aligned sequences, they concluded all the mammalian strains diverged and coevolved with their corresponding species (canine, feline, human, bovine) during the Cretaceous period. It was found that the most closely related species strain of
386:
can occur in extragenital sites. A common symptom associated with these infections is the "fishy" smell that is created due to the production of ammonia by the hydrolysis of urea. Patients should confirm diagnosis with a doctor. The bacterium has high correlations with the Human
Papillomavirus (HPV).
358:
To test for this bacterium, an agar plate, which is 10B broth, should be used on U. urealyticum. Since these bacteria love to grow in mostly acidic places, the bacteria should go under microdilution MIC dilution to get a pH color change. If the dilution color changes to red it indicates that there is
349:
Yet, it is not recommended to be used a lot because these bacteria can develop resistance to these antibiotics fairly fast. Secondly, other drugs that have β-lactamases are infective to treat infection because of how fast the bacteria's circular genome can mutate (Fan et al. 2023). However, there are
332:
U. urealyticum represents one of the 14 distinct types within the
Ureaplasma genus. Classified within the Mollicutes class, Ureaplasma species have undergone significant evolutionary adaptations from their Gram-positive bacterial ancestors, a phenomenon termed degenerative evolutions (Kallapur, Suhas
303:
have had their DNA sequenced, using a PCR amplification and dideoxy termination method. Their sequences can be accessed through public records and databases. Most of the16S rDNA sequence of the two strains constitute the exact same nucleotides bases (97.3% homology), yet small differences have been
345:
Unfortunately, it was found from trials that many of the antibiotics that we utilize on a day-to-day basis for urinary tract infections do not affect the bacteria due to lacking a cell wall. Yet, the types of antibiotics that can be used are quinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolides, since they
341:
As stated previously, since these bacteria are still considered Gram-positive, and lack a cell wall, the most versatile antibiotic that can’t be used is penicillin. Since these antibiotics attack the cell wall of a bacterium, they can not be used for this type of infection. The reason that many
777:
Waites, Ken B.; Duffy, Lynn B.; Bébéar, Cécile M.; Matlow, Anne; Talkington, Deborah F.; Kenny, George E.; Totten, Patricia A.; Bade, Donald J.; Zheng, Xiaotian; Davidson, Maureen K.; Shortridge, Virginia D.; Watts, Jeffrey L.; Brown, Steven D. (November 2012).
363:). The reason for this is that it loves to live in urea-rich environments. It's the same reason why in clinics, they take urine samples or vaginal swabs to be sent to the labs to run this test on 10B broth.
2001:
780:"Standardized Methods and Quality Control Limits for Agar and Broth Microdilution Susceptibility Testing of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum"
990:
865:
1932:
1991:
671:
Pavoni, Matteo; Principe, Luigi; Foschi, Claudio; Meroni, Elisa; Briozzo, Elena; Lazzarotto, Tiziana; Ambretti, Simone; Di Bella, Stefano (7 December 2023).
866:"Antimicrobial activity of Manuka honey against antibiotic-resistant strains of the cell wall-free bacteria Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum"
1906:
983:
419:
species are resistant to fluoroquinolones (i.e. ciprofloxacin). Patients who are pregnant have further limitations on the treatment course of a
399:
infections during pregnancy include preterm birth and impacted embryonic development. Some patients have given birth to children subjected to
1945:
432:
1411:
976:
342:
individuals get this infection can be damage to the uterus wall lining, causing the bacteria to thrive in a carbon-rich environment.
673:"Antimicrobial Resistance of Genital Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma : A Multicentre Study Over a 5-Year Period in Italy (2017–2021)"
1893:
1919:
1267:
617:
Contini C, Rotondo JC, Magagnoli F, Maritati M, Seraceni S, Graziano A, Poggi A, Capucci R, Vesce F, Tognon M, Martini F (2018).
458:
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1996:
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2011:
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968:
619:"Investigation on silent bacterial infections in specimens from pregnant women affected by spontaneous miscarriage"
1950:
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of human beings, but overgrowth can lead to infections that cause the patient discomfort. Unlike most bacteria,
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17:
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treatments due to the distinctive physiology of these organisms. In the
Western World, approximately 40% of
2006:
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404:
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67:
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720:"Efficacy of azithromycin in treating Ureaplasma urealyticum: a systematic review and meta-analysis"
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International
Bulletin of Bacteriological Nomenclature and Taxonomy, 1955, 5, 67–78.] (See page 73)
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affect a large part of the mycoplasma family of bacteria where U. urealyticum falls under.
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acknowledged. Due to the direct similarity and the increased variation in other species of
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tissues of pregnant women, thereby impacting pregnancy outcome. Issues that arise from
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Fan, Weibin; Wang, Qisheng; Liang, Zuyu; Wang, Jinyu; Zhang, Lin (16 March 2023).
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208:
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736:
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The classification of the pleuropneumonia group of organisms (Borrelomycetales)
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in both males and females. In addition, this pathogen may latently infect the
231:
of this species; T960 and 27. These strains of bacteria are commonly found as
89:
583:
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57:
colonies, otherwise known as T-strain mycoplasma, under magnification of 500Ă—
1980:
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1200:
1053:
902:
803:
745:
696:
592:
567:"Phylogenetic Analysis of Genes Coding for 16S rRNA in Mammalian Ureaplasmas"
289:, which creates ammonia as a product. Some strains originally classified as
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Hillitt, K. L.; Jenkins, R. E.; Spiller, O. B.; Beeton, M. L. (2017).
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International
Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
526:"Ureaplasma Infection: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology"
259:
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950:
616:
228:
282:. A defining characteristic of the genus is that they perform
189:
2002:
Infections with a predominantly sexual mode of transmission
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infection, making it far harder to successfully cure.
247:
making it unique in physiology and medical treatment.
1978:
717:
564:
984:
839:"Ureaplasma: Causes, symptoms, and treatment"
433:International Organization for Mycoplasmology
1992:Sexually transmitted diseases and infections
411:. Patients can evolve resistances to normal
991:
977:
44:
892:
811:
753:
735:
644:
634:
582:
565:HARASAWA, RYĂ’; CASSELL, GAIL H. (1996).
509:"Ureaplasma urealyticum- Classification"
308:, it is thought that the two strains of
1268:Cutaneous Streptococcus iniae infection
964:– the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
14:
1979:
459:List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota
1808:
1807:
972:
560:
558:
556:
366:
211:. This family consists of the genera
1402:Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
833:
831:
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612:
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520:
518:
503:
501:
361:10B Broth - Thermo Fisher Scientific
293:should be treated as a new species,
24:
857:
553:
353:
270:ranging from 0.76 to 1.17 million
25:
2023:
1638:Clostridial necrotizing enteritis
929:
828:
661:
607:
515:
498:
250:
784:Journal of Clinical Microbiology
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1243:Group B streptococcal infection
1191:Group A streptococcal infection
873:Letters in Applied Microbiology
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711:
483:
439:Sexually transmitted infection
13:
1:
476:
227:is T960. There are two known
1781:Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
336:
7:
1997:Infectious causes of cancer
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405:Intraventricular hemorrhage
387:It has also been linked to
10:
2028:
2012:Bacteria described in 1974
947:Ureaplasma Genome Projects
737:10.1186/s12879-023-08102-5
401:bronchopulmonary dysplasia
266:of 27 to 30 percent and a
172:1974 (Approved Lists 1980)
53:A number of medium-sized,
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1196:Streptococcal pharyngitis
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677:Microbial Drug Resistance
584:10.1099/00207713-46-3-827
409:necrotizing enterocolitis
158:
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63:Scientific classification
61:
52:
43:
36:
1676:Pseudomembranous colitis
1670:Clostridioides difficile
324:(isolated from bovine).
1627:Clostridium perfringens
1338:Urinary tract infection
951:Genomes OnLine Database
724:BMC Infectious Diseases
1938:ureaplasma-urealyticum
1818:Ureaplasma urealyticum
1733:Ureaplasma urealyticum
1526:Listeria monocytogenes
1230:bacitracin resistant,
1089:Pneumococcal infection
958:Ureaplasma urealyticum
541:Cite journal requires
421:Ureaplasma urealyticum
397:Ureaplasma urealyticum
372:Ureaplasma urealyticum
318:Ureaplasma urealyticum
310:Ureaplasma urealyticum
241:Ureaplasma urealyticum
181:Ureaplasma urealyticum
162:Ureaplasma urealyticum
55:Ureaplasma urealyticum
38:Ureaplasma urealyticum
1754:Mycoplasma pneumoniae
1747:Mycoplasma genitalium
1586:Clostridium botulinum
1332:Enterococcus faecalis
1107:Viridans streptococci
689:10.1089/mdr.2023.0202
301:reaplasma urealyticum
1760:Mycoplasma pneumonia
1739:Ureaplasma infection
1449:novobiocin resistant
1407:Toxic shock syndrome
1346:Enterococcus faecium
937:Ureaplasma Infection
796:10.1128/JCM.01439-12
29:Species of bacterium
2007:Bacterial vaginosis
1692:(non-spore forming)
1302:Streptococcus bovis
1262:Streptococcus iniae
1010:Infectious diseases
528:. 17 November 2017.
380:bacterial vaginosis
322:Ureaplasma diversum
299:. Both strains of U
255:The six recognised
144:U. urealyticum
1600:Clostridium tetani
1483:Bacillus anthracis
1100:optochin resistant
1015:Bacterial diseases
843:Medical News Today
464:Uterine microbiome
367:Clinical relevance
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1959:Open Tree of Life
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885:10.1111/lam.12707
790:(11): 3542–3547.
636:10.1002/jcp.26952
511:. Meducation.net.
444:Vaginal infection
237:urogenital tracts
188:belonging to the
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845:. 26 April 2018
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879:(3): 198–202.
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623:J Cell Physiol
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1237:S. agalactiae
1233:
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1201:Scarlet fever
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1182:susceptible:
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1083:S. pneumoniae
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1054:Streptococcus
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1633:Gas gangrene
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1318:Enterococcus
1316:
1300:
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1235:
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1147:S. anginosus
1146:
1138:
1133:S. sanguinis
1131:
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847:. Retrieved
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683:(1): 55–60.
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534:cite journal
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1787:Erysipeloid
1562:Clostridium
1532:Listeriosis
1435:susceptible
1185:S. pyogenes
1140:S. sobrinus
1075:susceptible
389:infertility
276:cholesterol
268:genome size
225:type strain
1987:Ureaplasma
1981:Categories
1715:Mollicutes
1689:Finegoldia
1618:nonmotile:
1552:Clostridia
1433:novobiocin
1361:Bacillales
1206:Erysipelas
1180:bacitracin
894:10369/8313
730:(1): 163.
477:References
470:Mycoplasma
417:Ureaplasma
413:antibiotic
376:urethritis
374:can cause
314:Ureaplasma
306:Ureaplasma
287:hydrolysis
272:base pairs
264:GC content
257:Ureaplasma
233:commensals
220:Ureaplasma
214:Mycoplasma
194:Ureaplasma
131:Ureaplasma
100:Mollicutes
1662:-forming)
1569:-forming)
1396:S. aureus
1254:ungrouped
1232:CAMP test
1126:S. oralis
1119:S. mutans
1002:Bacillota
942:eMedicine
903:1472-765X
804:0095-1137
746:1471-2334
697:1076-6294
593:1466-5026
384:Infection
337:Treatment
296:U. parvum
245:cell wall
186:bacterium
138:Species:
1912:11298674
1827:Wikidata
1592:Botulism
1516:Listeria
1473:Bacillus
1112:S. mitis
1073:optochin
911:27992658
849:23 April
822:22915608
764:36927441
755:10021952
705:38060805
655:30078192
427:See also
243:lacks a
197:and the
168:Shepard
116:Family:
86:Phylum:
80:Bacteria
76:Domain:
1899:3226072
1842:BacDive
1833:Q137110
1606:Tetanus
1577:motile:
1489:Anthrax
1029:Bacilli
919:8466307
813:3486213
601:8782697
262:have a
260:species
235:in the
229:biovars
204:in the
126:Genus:
106:Order:
96:Class:
1964:198047
1925:967521
1886:UREPUR
1873:975303
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960:at Bac
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280:growth
274:, and
223:. Its
199:family
170:et al.
1907:IRMNG
1860:7DQ9B
1660:spore
1567:spore
1149:group
1004:(low-
949:from
915:S2CID
869:(PDF)
435:(IOM)
206:order
190:genus
184:is a
1951:2130
1946:NCBI
1933:LPSN
1920:ITIS
1894:GBIF
1881:EPPO
1412:MRSA
1366:Cat+
1043:Cat-
962:Dive
907:PMID
899:ISSN
851:2019
818:PMID
800:ISSN
760:PMID
742:ISSN
701:PMID
693:ISSN
651:PMID
597:PMID
589:ISSN
547:help
320:was
284:urea
217:and
1868:EoL
1855:CoL
1424:Cg-
1387:Cg+
1329:+:
1327:BEA
1299:+:
1297:BEA
1234:+:
1006:G+C
940:at
889:hdl
881:doi
808:PMC
792:doi
750:PMC
732:doi
685:doi
641:hdl
631:doi
627:234
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316:to
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