509:
183:
229:. It gradually intensified, and two days later, Pat was upgraded into a tropical storm. The cyclone initially moved east-northeast while continuing to deepen. However, Pat leveled off in intensity on August 27. After turning northwest, Pat attained typhoon intensity on August 28. Pat accelerated towards the north, and reached its peak intensity of 80 mph (130 km/h) on August 30. The next day, the storm crossed the southern Japanese islands and entered the
393:. At 0600 UTC on August 27, the JMA increased the intensity of the storm to 95 km/h (60 mph). Meanwhile, the JTWC anticipated the storm to move east-northeast and separate from the monsoon trough before turning west-northwest under a weakening ridge. Instead, Pat drifted northeast, but remained situated within the monsoon trough. As such, the JTWC revised their forecast, and now expected the storm to move northwest due to the presence of an eastward moving
29:
410:. The next day, the agency finally revised its forecast and predicted the storm to enter the sea. Around this time, the JTWC estimated that Pat attained peak intensity, with winds of 170 km/h (105 mph). During the evening of August 30, the JMA reported that Pat reached its peak intensity of 135 km/h (85 mph) and a pressure of 955 mbar (28.2 inHg). By this time, the ridge was gone, though a trough was now located near
316:
326:
247:
336:
237:
later on August 31. Early the next day, the storm moved ashore along northeastern Japan. The system dissipated on
September 2 after reentering the Pacific Ocean. A total of 23 perished due to Typhoon Pat and 12 others were rendered as missing. Additionally, 79 people were injured. Furthermore,
488:
A total of 38 houses in Japan were destroyed, 110 were damaged, and more than 2,000 were flooded. Landslides were observed at 56 locations. Power was lost to 160,000 families. A total of 165 flights were cancelled, delaying 15,000 passengers. A total of 160 trains were
425:
later on August 31. That evening, the JTWC downgraded Pat into a tropical storm. At 2100 UTC that day, the JTWC noted that Pat had transitioned into an extratropical cyclone. By this time, all the convection activity was restricted to the northeast quadrant of the system. Early on
405:
began to show Pat emerging into the Sea of Japan west of the ridge. However, this theory was not supported by the JTWC as they believed that the ridge was too narrow to be picked up a trough. That same day, the JTWC increased the intensity to 160 km/h (99 mph), equivalent to a
401:. Meanwhile, the JMA increased the intensity of Pat to 105 km/h (65 mph) early on August 28. Several hours later, both the JTWC and the JMA upgraded Pat to a typhoon. According to the JMA, the storm leveled off intensity for about a day. By midday on August 29, some
484:
prefecture, one man was struck and killed by a flying tin plate, another was swept out to sea, and a man died when a ladder fell on him. Elsewhere, twelve fisherman perished at sea, seven of whom were not confirmed dead until
September 2.
434:
along northeastern Japan. At that time, the JMA estimated winds of 110 km/h (70 mph). At midday, the JTWC stopped watching the system, although the JMA continued to do so until 1800 UTC on
September 2.
493:; ferry and air service were also delayed there. Offshore, ten fishing boats sunk, including one Japanese cargo ship. An additional 12 ships were rendered as missing. Ninety-five other boats took refuge in
421:. Meanwhile, Pat began to interact with Odessa, as the systems were approximately 500 km (310 mi) apart. As Odessa moved east-northeast, Pat accelerated towards the north, and then emerged into the
572:
over 10 minutes, while estimates from the United States-based Joint
Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1 minute. 10 minute winds are about 1.14 times the amount of 1 minute winds.
459:
sustained the worst affects from the typhoon. Twenty-three people were killed by the typhoon while 12 others were listed as missing. A 61-year-old man who died when knocked over by a street sign in
386:. That afternoon, the TCFA was re-issued. Following additional Hurricane Hunter reports, which noted evidence of a surface circulation, the JTWC declared the system Tropical Storm Pat.
238:
38 houses in Japan were demolished, 110 were damaged, and over 2,000 were flooded. More than 160,000 homes lost power. A total of 165 flights were cancelled.
752:
Christopher W Landsea; Hurricane
Research Division (April 26, 2004). "Subject: D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?".
417:
Shortly after its peak, Pat moved ashore along the southern tip Kyushu on August 31. Overland, Pat began to weaken, and early the next day, the JMA downgraded Pat to a
658:
864:
924:
986:
777:
378:(TCFA) on the afternoon of August 25. Early the next day, the JMA upgraded the disturbance into Tropical Storm Pat. Later on August 26, a
614:
447:, including 271 mm (10.7 in) in a day. A peak hourly storm total of 107 mm (4.2 in) was measured at Gokaharadake on
556:
359:
726:
691:
382:
aircraft reported winds of 70 km/h (45 mph) and a pressure of 999 mbar (29.5 inHg), but did not locate a
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407:
355:
1065:
804:
662:
375:
731:
The
International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data
402:
612:
374:(JTWC) followed suit. At this time, the system was located within a favorable environment. The JTWC issued a
480:
prefecture, a signboard at a school ground fell due to strong winds, injuring four students. Nearby, in the
371:
139:
33:
Typhoon Pat (middle) during its
Fujiwhara interactions with Odessa (left) and Ruby (top-right) on August 30
552:
367:
193:
87:
758:. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
1060:
895:
Shigwyoshi Kimura (August 31, 1985). "Typhoon Pat Kills 10 People in
Southern Japan". Associated Press.
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Kenneth R. Knapp; Michael C. Kruk; David H. Levinson; Howard J. Diamond; Charles J. Neumann (2010).
621:
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when her home was demolished. A total of 179 people were injured due to Pat, including 23 on
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225:
towards the end of August, Pat first formed on August 24 several hundred miles east of the
178:
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527:
427:
476:, a tent fell on 400 people attending a sporting event, injuring 18. In the nearby
451:. Pat was responsible for strong winds, including a 69 km/h (43 mph) wind speed in
339:
234:
354:
located east of the
Philippines in the last two weeks of August. Forming around the time as
452:
394:
443:
While crossing Japan, a peak rainfall total of 374 mm (14.7 in) was recorded in
182:
8:
522:
477:
390:
329:
953:"Twelve dead in the wake of Typhoon Pat". United Press International. September 2, 1985.
613:
Joint
Typhoon Warning Center; Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center (1986).
217:
during the summer of 1985. Pat is also one of three storms in the Western Pacific which
913:"Death Toll Reaches 15, Still 11 Others Missing". Associated Press. September 1, 1985.
362:, an area of enhanced convection was first noted towards the end of August. At 0600
379:
319:
250:
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
218:
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116:
975:"Typhoon Kills Eight on Sweep Through Japan". Associated Press. August 31, 1985.
751:
1012:"Typhoons Pat and Ruby hit Japan". United Press International. August 31, 1985.
473:
351:
222:
853:"Death Toll From Typhoon Pat Reaches 23". Associated Press. September 2, 1985.
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964:"Typhoon Pat lashes Hokkaido". United Press International. September 1, 1985.
753:
108:
1023:"typhoon hits japan". Xinhua General Overseas News Service. August 31, 1985.
692:"Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000"
568:
Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are
422:
230:
494:
411:
226:
206:
28:
112:
620:(Report). United States Navy, United States Air Force. Archived from
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1034:"International News". United Press International. September 1, 1985.
835:"International News". United Press International. September 2, 1985.
481:
448:
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Initially poorly organized, Pat headed east-northeast, south of a
246:
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497:, though 59 left on September 2 to return to Japan.
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214:
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370:(JMA) started watching the system. Fifteen hours later, the
667:
656:
274:
Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
269:
Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
342:, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression
294:
Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
289:
Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
733:(Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
363:
284:
Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
489:
cancelled. Two bullet train lines experienced delays in
279:
Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
697:. Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. p. 3
438:
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299:
Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
406:Category 2 cyclone on the United States-based
894:
1042:
657:Japan Meteorological Agency (October 10, 1992).
233:. Gradually weakening, Pat transitioned into an
802:
464:. A 35-year-old woman was crushed to death in
659:RSMC Best Track Data – 1980–1989
608:
811:(Report). National Institute of Informatics
606:
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809:Digital Typhoon Detailed Track Information
557:Regional Specialized Meteorological Center
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350:Typhoon Pat originated from an active
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987:"Typhoon Pat leaves 10 dead in Japan"
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213:, was a powerful typhoon that struck
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615:Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1985
221:with each other. Originating from a
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408:Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale
13:
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803:Digital Typhoon (March 13, 2013).
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439:Preparations, impact and aftermath
14:
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778:"Typhoon Pat roars through Japan"
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403:tropical cyclone forecast models
376:Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert
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559:for the western Pacific Ocean.
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1:
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125:Category 2-equivalent typhoon
372:Joint Typhoon Warning Center
150:175 km/h (110 mph)
7:
1056:1985 Pacific typhoon season
925:"15 die during Typhoon Pat"
553:Japan Meteorological Agency
500:
426:September 1, Pat made
368:Japan Meteorological Agency
194:1985 Pacific typhoon season
98:130 km/h (80 mph)
64:September 2, 1985
10:
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755:Frequently Asked Questions
1066:Tropical cyclones in 1985
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49:August 24, 1985
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727:1985 PAT (1985236N23125)
661:(Report). Archived from
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515:Tropical cyclones portal
533:Typhoon Namtheun (2016)
366:on August 24, the
16:Pacific typhoon in 1985
865:"Typhoon lashes Japan"
528:Typhoon Forrest (1983)
472:and 156 on Kyushu. In
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242:Meteorological history
40:Meteorological history
869:The Milwaukee Journal
627:on September 25, 2018
419:severe tropical storm
340:Extratropical cyclone
249:
235:extratropical cyclone
805:Typhoon 198513 (PAT)
782:The Spokesman-Review
261:Saffir–Simpson scale
103:Lowest pressure
22:Typhoon Pat (Luming)
993:. September 1, 1985
931:. September 2, 1985
784:. September 1, 1985
672:on December 5, 2014
523:Typhoon Bess (1982)
384:surface circulation
360:Tropical Storm Ruby
330:Subtropical cyclone
84:10-minute sustained
23:
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147:Highest winds
132:1-minute sustained
95:Highest winds
21:
1061:Typhoons in Japan
871:. August 31, 1985
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168:Areas affected
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663:the original
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423:Sea of Japan
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231:Sea of Japan
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191:Part of the
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495:North Korea
412:South Korea
227:Philippines
207:Philippines
203:Typhoon Pat
1045:Categories
580:References
310:Storm type
219:interacted
160:Fatalities
68:1985-09-02
61:Dissipated
53:1985-08-24
929:Star-News
762:March 26,
737:March 26,
701:March 26,
676:March 26,
631:March 27,
570:sustained
466:Kagoshima
453:Yakushima
997:April 4,
935:April 4,
875:April 4,
815:March 4,
788:April 4,
501:See also
482:Kumamoto
478:Yamagata
449:Nagasaki
432:Hokkaido
428:landfall
399:Mongolia
304:Unknown
254:Map key
179:IBTrACS
77:Typhoon
66: (
51: (
491:Kyushu
474:Aomori
470:Honshu
457:Kyushu
395:trough
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46:Formed
695:(PDF)
625:(PDF)
618:(PDF)
539:Notes
462:Izumi
445:Ebino
215:Japan
172:Japan
136:SSHWS
999:2014
937:2014
877:2014
817:2014
790:2014
764:2014
739:2014
703:2014
678:2014
668:.TXT
633:2014
551:The
358:and
140:JTWC
117:inHg
113:mbar
107:960
430:in
364:UTC
209:as
109:hPa
88:JMA
1047::
989:.
945:^
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163:23
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134:(
111:(
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