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Turbo-Hydramatic

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changed the 3-2 solenoid to a different style which makes it not interchangeable with any previous models. For the model year 1996 GM trucks, there were two versions of the 4L60E: one had a bolt-on bellhousing, the other did not. In total, there are nine different bolt-on bellhousings. The bolt-on bellhousings used on the 4.3 L V6 and 1996-2002 GEN I+ versions of the small-block Chevrolet V8 used the same bellhousing. These had one from 1996 to 1997 and then a slight redesign for 1998. The LSx engines used a longer one to accommodate a redesigned torque converter, commonly referred to as a 300mm converter, with a longer pilot nose (GM sells an adapter assembly for using the LSx 4L60Es when used with an early engine). There are two bellhousings for the Holden GM models. One for the Corvette drivetrain. One for the S/T platform with 2.2L and 3.8L engines. And finally, two for the S/T platform with the 2.8L, 3.5L and 4.2L engines (one used in 2002 and the other from 2003 and on).
681: 1393: 1889:. Under the new designation, the "4" stands for the number of forward gears, the "L" for longitudinal applications (rear-wheel-drive), and the "60" is the strength rating (less than the 4L80). "60" is the relative torque value. For example, 80 is stronger than 60, which is stronger than 40, etc. A 4L80-E can handle more torque than a 4L60-E. The "E" denotes electronically controlled shifting. The 4L60 however is hydraulically shifted based on governor pressure and throttle valve (TV) cable position. 1992 was the last year of widespread usage of the 700R4 (4L60). The 1993 Camaro, Corvette and Typhoon were equipped with the last production 700R4. The last design change of the 700R4 was an added checkball to the valve body. In 1992 electronic controls were added, and it became the 1624:
stamped-steel drive shell, which would strip out, losing reverse. With the 1985 production run, GM started installing a hardened drive shell, but continued to supply the original style until parts inventories were exhausted. Another major problem area was the pump assembly. The pump halves were made of cast aluminum and the pumps themselves were made of made up of steel segments like a power steering pump. There was a steel hub and variable ratio outer ring. Because the pump segments traveled in an eccentric circle, guide rings were necessary on top and bottom of the center hub. These rings would break and cause the pump to stop pumping, as well as damaging the aluminum housings. Aftermarket hardened rings solved this problem.
628: 1893:. The 4L60E is not easily swapped with the 4L60, as the 4L60E depends on a powertrain control module (PCM) to shift. The 4L60E went into service in trucks, vans, and SUVs in 1993 and in all RWD passenger cars (Corvette, F and B/D bodies) in 1994. In 2001, an updated version โ€” the 4L65-E, was introduced. Five-pinion planetaries, along with a strength-improved output shaft, were improved to withstand the 300+ lbยทft (400+ Nยทm) of torque of the 6.0 Vortec engine. The 4L70E transmission is the same as a 4L65E with a speed sensor located in the pump. 1043:
derived from the Chevrolet design. An important difference in the THM350 compared to the THM400 is that there is no fixed center support midway through the geartrain; this difference in layout would have permitted the THM350 to be adapted to the Corvair where the drive and driven ends are the same, but this feature was not exploited. Air-cooled versions (with a baffle on the torque converter and air intakes cast into the bellhousing) of the THM350 appeared mid-1972 in the Chevrolet Vega and Nova 6.
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to the cross member mount bolt is 22.5 in (57 cm), and engine/trans surface to output shaft housing mating surface is 23.375 in (59.37 cm) overall, with the tail shaft housing typically measuring 7.625 in (193.7 mm). External dimensions are similar to a THM350 with a 9-inch tailhousing found in Chevrolet/GMC long wheelbase truck/vans and 1971-76 B-bodies (Bel Air, Impala, Caprice).
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year only). During the 1976 model year the THM250 was phased out of production, replaced with the lighter duty THM200. It was later reintroduced in 1979 as the THM250-C in the wake of the failure-prone THM200/200C - the later 250C was further lightened with the use of a sun gear shell used with the THM350 but with 3 holes to reduce rotating mass and the low/reverse piston with 8 cutouts.
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lockup torque converter, and some internal components (primarily the low/reverse clutch drum and planetary gears) were later shared with the Turbo-Hydramatic 200-4R. The low/reverse sprag (roller clutch) assembly was also shared with the 1988-04 Chrysler Torqueflite 904 (also 30, 31, 32RH) and its derivatives e.g. the A500 and 42RE. THM200/200Cs were produced until 1987.
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30-spline input shaft similar to those found on TH400 transmissions and which also used a different torque converter than its 2.8 V6 and 2.2 L4 engines. Between 1984 and 1987, internal components, from the ring gear to the oil pump housing, were updated, ending with the auxiliary valve body for 700s manufactured after October 1986.
746:- usually in HD applications including the C40-C60 medium duty trucks where a bolt-on output shaft is used in place of a slip yoke) - when used with passenger cars it was usually coupled to a Mark IV engine or some high performance small blocks (e.g. the 1970 LT-1). The THM400 was never produced with a multicase 1416:, and some Isuzu automobiles (Chevrolet LUV and Isuzu P'up). However, this transmission was notorious for its failure rate when used behind any engine - the largest being the Oldsmobile 5.7 L diesel. Multicase bellhousings were used - bellhousing patterns included Chevrolet V8, Buick-Oldsmobile-Pontiac, 1904:
The tailshaft housing is held onto the main case by four bolts (the bolt spacing is similar to the THM350), and uses a square-cut o-ring seal, and not a gasket. The typical width of this transmission where it bolts to the engine is 20 in (51 cm) overall. From the engine/trans mating surface
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replacement. Internally, the THM250 is a THM350 without the intermediate clutch pack and with a band adjuster similar to the Powerglide. The THM250 was usually coupled to smaller displacement engines - the largest a third generation Chevrolet inline six found in the Nova and Camaro (1974 and 75 model
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for both first and second gear reaction, a feature that eliminated the need to coordinate the simultaneous release of a band and application of a clutch to make the 2-3 gear change. Owing to this feature, as well as the use of a large, multi-plate clutch to provide second gear reaction, the THM400 is
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size. 4L60Es manufactured after 1995 use snap-in connections instead of threaded. The original version of the transmission had a 27-spline input shaft (shared with the THM200C and 2004R) which was a common failure point. In 1984, the 700R4 designed for use behind Chevrolet small block V8s received a
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Starting with the 1979 model year, vehicles which had the THM-200/200C as standard equipment were optioned with the THM250-C, which is a THM-350 without the intermediate clutch pack along with an adjustable band similar to the Chevrolet Powerglide. Also in the 1980 model year, the THM-200 received a
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One THM350 weak point was excessive end-play between the pump and center support and resulting wobble of the direct clutch drum due to both the end play and use of a relatively narrow bushing in the drum. This weak point can be addressed by using an extra thrust washer between the planetary gear and
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Four-wheel drive truck applications used 3 various shorter output shafts that coupled with a female transfer case input shaft. Early transfer cases mated directly to the THM400 with a cast-iron adapter, usually a vertical oval shape. Later models used a circular style iron adapter which is generally
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Through the end of the '70s substantially more CBOP (Cadillac/Buick/Oldsmobile/Pontiac) bellhousing THM400s were produced than any other THM400. Chevrolet bellhousing THM400s, while not rare, can be hard to find and are, as a result, usually more expensive to buy (they were commonly found in 3/4 ton
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THM400 units had a 32 spline output shaft. A variant known as a THM375 is a THM400 built to mate to the smaller driveshaft yokes typically used for THM350 applications. They used a Chevrolet bolt-pattern case with a longer 27 spline output shaft inside a matching tailhousing cast with a "375-THM" or
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with the 4.3 L engine. The majority of 1998 and later applications of the 4L60E were two-piece cases (i.e. a removable bellhousing). Both transmissions are the same internally. The non-PWM (1993-1994) style 4L60Es are not interchangeable with PWM-style (1995 and later) 4L60Es. Also in 1996, GM
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Transmission fluid cooler lines on the 700R4 the bottom fitting on the right side of the transmission is the "out" line to the cooler and the top fitting is for the return line from the cooler. These fittings are .25 in (6.4 mm) pipe thread, and can include an adapter from the factory for
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However, this transmission was also prone to failure (especially in D-body Cadillacs) and received improvements during its production run. The first improvement came in 1984 with a change of a servo piston from using split Teflon sealing rings to a servo using lip seals. A real problem area was the
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The 200-4R was introduced for the 1981 model year. Some components which were prone to failure in the THM200 were improved, and in the later 1980s, this transmission was used with high-power applications โ€” primarily the Buick Grand National and the 1989 Pontiac Firebird Trans Am Indy 500 Pace cars.
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Four-wheel drive truck applications for the THM350 used an iron adapter that mated it to the transfer case directly, similar to the THM400. The THM350 adapter was cast iron and used a sliding sleeve to couple the transmission output shaft to the transfer case input shaft with a steel coupler sleeve
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THM400 transmissions are very popular in automotive competition due to their great strength. Much of this strength comes from the use of a cast iron center support to suspend the transmission's concentric shafts that join the clutch assemblies to the gear train. The center support, which is splined
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By 1980, the relatively heavy THM400 was being phased out of usage in passenger cars in response to demand for improved fuel economy. The THM 400 was utilized in the C- and K-series (full-size) Chevrolet/GMC pickups and G-series (full-size) vans until 1990 when GM switched over to the 4L80E. Today,
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Unlike the 700R4, most 200-4Rs have a multicase bellhousing for use with Chevrolet, Buick/Olds/Pontiac (BOP), and Cadillac engines. However, 200-4Rs share mounting locations with the TH-400. Since the external dimensions are longer than the TH-350 but the drive shaft yoke spline count/diameter was
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The THM350 was also regarded as a 'three speed Powerglide' and during its development, was generally called this. Although it uses the same torque converter as the THM400 (without variable pitch stator) it has a familial resemblance to the 1962-73 aluminum Powerglide from Chevrolet and was largely
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For 1987, GM changed the nomenclature of their Turbo Hydramatic transmissions โ€” the THM400 was renamed '3L80' (three forward speeds, longitudinal positioning, and an arbitrary strength rating of 80, the second highest such rating assigned). The 3L80HD was introduced in 1987 as the HD unit used in
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The Turbo Hydra-matic 350 was first used in 1969 model cars. It was developed jointly by Buick and Chevrolet to replace the two-speed Super Turbine 300 and aluminum-case Powerglide transmissions. So, although it carries the Turbo Hydra-matic name, the Hydra-matic Division of General Motors had
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direct clutch to remove the end play and using a wider aftermarket bushing in the direct clutch drum. Another weak point is the relatively thin center support and the lightweight matching splines in the case. This weakness can be addressed by using an inexpensive aftermarket case saver kit.
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and V8. Though identical except for the bell housing pattern used through the '60s and ending in 1979 the THM400 was mated to the Dana model 18,20 and was the only transmission used with the Borg-Warner 1305/1339 all-wheel-drive transfer case used only in Jeeps until AMC/Jeep phased in the
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trucks and vans used the THM350-C until 1986. The lock-up torque converter was unpopular with transmission builders. B&M Racing once marketed a conversion kit for THM350-Cs during the early 1980s until the advent of high stall lock-up torque converters when its overdrive counterpart
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Because the THM-200 shared external dimensions and output shaft size and spline count with the THM-350, the THM-350 was often used to replace the weaker, less reliable THM-200 and THM-250C. The only thing which had to be added was a vacuum line to the vacuum modulator on the THM-350.
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whose inner race is part of the center support). Since the first gear reactive force is evenly distributed around the periphery of the case, the types of mechanical (and some times violent) failures that have plagued other competition transmissions are rare.
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It was GM's first transmission which used a throttle valve cable (similar in design to the Chrysler Torqueflite part throttle kickdown linkage) controlling the shift points and part throttle kickdown. This setup was later incorporated into the THM700R4.
843:, replaced the THM400 in Chevrolet/GMC pickups, vans, SUVs, and commercial vehicles. The 4L80E (and its successor 4L85E) was the first Hydramatic to incorporate electronic controls โ€” almost all of the THM400/3L80/3L80HD's components are interchangeable. 846:
Transmission fluid cooler line connections are found on the right-hand side of the THM400. The lower connection is the cooler feed, and the upper connection is the return. The case is tapped for either 1/4" National Pipe Straight NPS fittings,or
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that was splined to accept both shafts and couple them together. An internal snap ring inside the coupler sleeve controlled the sleeve's position on the shafts, with circular seals in the adapter sealing the transmission from the transfer case.
1404:, GM developed a lighter-duty version of the THM350 with lightened materials โ€” primarily alloys in place of ferrous materials (e.g. clutch drums and oil pump) โ€” the Turbo-Hydramatic 200. The THM-200 was first used in 1976 models including GM's 703:
Another variant is the 3L80HD, often referred to as a Turbo 475. The 3L80HD has a straight-cut planetary gear set. There is no externally visible way to determine whether the transmission contains the straight-cut planetary gear set. The
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to the valve body, called the PWM solenoid. In 1996, GM introduced a redesigned 4L60E transmission case that incorporated a bolt-on bellhousing and a six-bolt tail housing. This two-piece case style was first seen in 1996 and up model
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able to withstand very high input torque and an enormous number of shifting cycles, as would be encountered in frequent stop-and-go driving. As a result, it has met with considerable success in commercial vehicle applications.
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little, if anything, to do with its design. The 350 and its 250, 250C, 350C and 375B derivatives have been manufactured by Buick in its Flint, Michigan plant, and by Chevrolet in Toledo and Parma, Ohio and Windsor, Ontario.
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For the 1981 model year, a lock-up torque converter was introduced which coincided with the new EMC control of most GM cars; this version is the THM350-C, which was phased out in 1984 in GM passenger cars for the 700R4.
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to the interior of the transmission's case, also provides a robust reaction point for first gear (the gear train's reaction carrier is restrained from counter-rotating the engine in first gear by a
1921:-controlled lockup converter. The early designs simple on or off lockup function while the later design can regulate the apply pressure as to not feel the lock up occur. GM added a fifth 639:. First introduced for the 1964 model year under the name "Turbo Hydra-Matic" in Cadillacs and "Super Turbine" in Buicks. The following year, application expanded to Oldsmobile and 742:(8500 GVW and above) Chevrolet/GMC trucks and vans (includes the P-series box vans and 1983-86 CUCVs) when RPO M40 was checked off the option list - especially when coupled to a 472:
version, which followed shortly thereafter, was known as the Super-Turbine 400. By 1973, THM units had replaced all of GM's other automatic transmissions including Chevrolet's
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with the 5.7 liter V-8. Somewhere in the Mid-'80s Chevrolet C10 Pickups could also come equipped with a THM375. Some "Heavy Duty" THM350s were also designated THM375-B.
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the same, the 200-4Rs can be swapped in place of TH-350s, with the shortening of the drive shaft, in older vehicles to provide an overdrive gear. Early models had a
484:. Starting in the early 1980s, the Turbo-Hydramatic was gradually supplanted by four-speed automatics, some of which continue to use the "Hydramatic" trade name. 677:(Pontiac's ST300 didn't get the SP). Vehicles originally equipped with the Switch Pitch ST300 can be identified by their "Park R N D L2 L1" gearshift selector. 491:
name alludes to the original Hydra-Matic developed by General Motors' Cadillac division in the late 1930s, the two transmissions were not mechanically related.
809:). Early Jeep THM400s used an adapter between the engine and transmission bell housing while later models had an AMC specific housing - which bolted to its 680: 2877: 818:
727 after 1979 until the FSJ platform was phased out. Additionally, the THM400 has been mated to other engines using adapter kits.
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fittings with a washer seal. 5/16" or 3/8" rigid coolant lines are generally connected via appropriate double-flared adapters.
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used the Chevrolet version of the THM400 for its "A" series taxi and Marathon models until the end of production in 1982.
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Many of the BOC (Buick, Oldsmobile, Cadillac) THM400s produced between 1964 and 1967 were equipped with a variable-pitch
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The 200-4R was configured with several different torque converters depending on the vehicle application.
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The Turbo Hydra-Matic 700R4 can be identified by a rectangular-shaped oil pan with 16 bolt holes.
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The Turbo-Hydramatic or Turbo Hydra-Matic (THM) series was developed to replace both the original
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Sessions, R (1987). How to Work with and Modify the Turbo Hydra-matic 400 Transmission,
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considered the stronger of the two. The shortest was used with the NP203 transfer case.
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originally had the 3L80s, but the current model has had a 4L80E since the mid-1990s.
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front wheel drive transmission shares almost all its internal parts with the THM400.
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Other auto manufacturers have used the THM400 and its 4L80E successor, including
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is a derivative of the THM350 and was introduced for 1974 in Chevrolets as a
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The THM400 can be visually identified by an oil pan number four shown at
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A Hydra-Matic 3L80 transmission, produced between 1963 and 1995, at the
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The THM400 was the first three-speed, Simpson-geared automatic to use
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The THM200-4R was phased out after 1990; its final usage was in the
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The four-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic 700R4 was introduced for the 1982
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passenger trucks. In 1991, a four-speed overdrive version, the
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The underside of a Hydramatic transmission, as installed on a
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Super Turbine 400 / TH400 / THM400 / THM375 / 3L80 / 3L80HD
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http://www.autorepairmanuals.biz/site/573683/page/372807
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1982โ€“2012 Chevrolet & GMC full-size vans (including
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sold through Buick dealers as the Buick/Opel by Isuzu),
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The THM200-4R can be found in the following vehicles:
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A THM 200 transmission, produced between 1975 and 1987
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In 1990, the Turbo Hydra-Matic 700R4 was renamed the
1420:, GM 60 degree pattern (includes the Tech IV), and 723:is the only vehicle using the THM400. The civilian 87:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 2869: 2450: 2073:Chevrolet Suburban/GMC Suburban/GMC Yukon XL 427:is the registered tradename for a family of 2378:Chevrolet/GMC/Geo Transmission Lookup Table 1525:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1298:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1106:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 944:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 533:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 435:. These transmissions mate a three-element 50:Learn how and when to remove these messages 2457: 2443: 1860:Learn how and when to remove this message 1798:Learn how and when to remove this message 1607:Learn how and when to remove this message 1545:Learn how and when to remove this message 1380:Learn how and when to remove this message 1318:Learn how and when to remove this message 1188:Learn how and when to remove this message 1126:Learn how and when to remove this message 1026:Learn how and when to remove this message 964:Learn how and when to remove this message 615:Learn how and when to remove this message 553:Learn how and when to remove this message 289:Learn how and when to remove this message 271:Learn how and when to remove this message 209:Learn how and when to remove this message 147:Learn how and when to remove this message 1896: 1391: 777:coupes and their Daimler stable mates); 729: 679: 626: 1748:THM700R4 / 4L60 / 4L60E / 4L65E / 4L70E 2870: 805:(usually found in the FSJ pickups and 2438: 1809: 1780:adding citations to reliable sources 1751: 1556: 1523:adding citations to reliable sources 1490: 1329: 1296:adding citations to reliable sources 1263: 1137: 1104:adding citations to reliable sources 1071: 975: 942:adding citations to reliable sources 909: 686:Ypsilanti Automotive Heritage Museum 643:and to some full-sized Chevrolets. 564: 531:adding citations to reliable sources 498: 220: 158: 85:adding citations to reliable sources 56: 15: 1882:for use in Chevrolet/GMC vehicles. 13: 2573:Continuously variable transmission 1634:quadrant, while later models used 14: 2894: 2878:Automatic transmission tradenames 2418: 631:Turbo-Hydramatic 400 Transmission 31:This article has multiple issues. 2852: 2851: 2841: 2398:"Transmission Application Chart" 2007:Chevrolet C/K / GMC C/K / Sierra 1814: 1756: 1561: 1495: 1334: 1268: 1142: 1076: 980: 914: 637:General Motors Transmission Pans 569: 503: 251:has been specified. Please help 225: 163: 61: 20: 1997: 1767:needs additional citations for 1213:Gear ratios: THM350, 250, 250C 72:needs additional citations for 39:or discuss these issues on the 2464: 2393:Transmission Application Chart 2386: 2371: 2359:"General Motors transmissions" 2351: 2327: 2310: 1917:In 1995, the 4L60E received a 789:series cars, along with their 1: 2608:Automated manual transmission 2335:"700R4 Transmission Resource" 2304: 1408:(which includes the rebadged 2883:General Motors transmissions 1486: 665:and the 1964-1967 two-speed 7: 2683:Semi-automatic transmission 2339:700R4 Transmission Resource 2292: 2023:Chevrolet/GMC G-series vans 1840:the claims made and adding 1587:the claims made and adding 1360:the claims made and adding 1168:the claims made and adding 1006:the claims made and adding 595:the claims made and adding 444:Simpson planetary geartrain 189:the claims made and adding 10: 2899: 2520:Internal combustion engine 2425:The Old Car Manual Project 1909:threaded steel lines in a 1871: 710:Checker Motors Corporation 446:, providing three forward 431:developed and produced by 2837: 2819:Hybrid vehicle drivetrain 2806: 2721: 2708:Transmission control unit 2648:Limited-slip differential 2613:Electrorheological clutch 2538: 2485: 2472: 2153:Oldsmobile Custom Cruiser 1677:turbocharged LD5 Buick V6 1673:Pontiac Firebird Trans Am 1259: 1067: 905: 404: 378: 373: 355: 339: 334: 326: 316: 311: 306: 2598:Dual-clutch transmission 2299:List of GM transmissions 1675:Indy Pace car (with the 2568:Constant-velocity joint 429:automatic transmissions 2548:Automatic transmission 1874:GM 4L60-E transmission 1397: 738: 688: 632: 350:automatic transmission 2223:Chevrolet TrailBlazer 2109:Chevrolet S-10 Blazer 2056:Oldsmobile 350 Diesel 1897:Technical description 1395: 733: 683: 630: 2653:Locking differential 2588:Direct-shift gearbox 1776:improve this article 1519:improve this section 1292:improve this section 1100:improve this section 938:improve this section 832:overrunning clutches 816:Chrysler Torqueflite 698:Oldsmobile Delta 88s 527:improve this section 368:Turbo-Hydramatic 425 364:Turbo-Hydramatic 180 360:Turbo-Hydramatic 125 253:improve this article 241:to meet Knowledge's 81:improve this article 2678:Preselector gearbox 2658:Manual transmission 2217:Chevrolet Avalanche 2181:Chevrolet Impala SS 1944: 1692: 1679:and a turbocharger) 1631:P  R N D 3 2 1 1441: 1214: 860: 795:Nissan Prince Royal 793:stable mates); the 480:, and Oldsmobile's 2824:Electric generator 2729:Wheel hub assembly 2259:Chevrolet Colorado 2159:Oldsmobile Bravada 2121:Cadillac Fleetwood 2038:Chevrolet Corvette 1942: 1825:possibly contains 1690: 1572:possibly contains 1439: 1398: 1345:possibly contains 1212: 1153:possibly contains 991:possibly contains 858: 739: 718:United States Army 689: 633: 580:possibly contains 455:Hydra-Matic models 174:possibly contains 96:"Turbo-Hydramatic" 2865: 2864: 2618:Epicyclic gearing 2487:Automotive engine 2430:Transmission Pans 2211:Cadillac Escalade 2125:Cadillac Brougham 2050:Chevrolet Caprice 2027:Chevrolet Express 1995: 1994: 1870: 1869: 1862: 1827:original research 1808: 1807: 1800: 1743: 1742: 1617: 1616: 1609: 1574:original research 1555: 1554: 1547: 1484: 1483: 1390: 1389: 1382: 1347:original research 1328: 1327: 1320: 1257: 1256: 1198: 1197: 1190: 1155:original research 1136: 1135: 1128: 1036: 1035: 1028: 993:original research 974: 973: 966: 903: 902: 667:Super Turbine 300 625: 624: 617: 582:original research 563: 562: 555: 489:Turbo Hydra-Matic 478:Super Turbine 300 425:Turbo Hydra-Matic 418: 417: 399:Super Turbine 300 299: 298: 291: 281: 280: 273: 243:quality standards 234:This article may 219: 218: 211: 176:original research 157: 156: 149: 131: 54: 2890: 2855: 2854: 2845: 2722:Wheels and tires 2693:Torque converter 2459: 2452: 2445: 2436: 2435: 2413: 2412: 2410: 2409: 2400:. Archived from 2390: 2384: 2375: 2369: 2368: 2366: 2365: 2355: 2349: 2348: 2346: 2345: 2331: 2325: 2314: 2193:Chevrolet Blazer 2187:Buick Roadmaster 2089:Holden Commodore 2067:Pontiac Firebird 2063:Chevrolet Camaro 2044:Chevrolet Impala 2013:Chevrolet Blazer 1945: 1941: 1865: 1858: 1854: 1851: 1845: 1842:inline citations 1818: 1817: 1810: 1803: 1796: 1792: 1789: 1783: 1760: 1752: 1693: 1689: 1638: 1632: 1612: 1605: 1601: 1598: 1592: 1589:inline citations 1565: 1564: 1557: 1550: 1543: 1539: 1536: 1530: 1499: 1491: 1442: 1438: 1402:OPEC oil embargo 1385: 1378: 1374: 1371: 1365: 1362:inline citations 1338: 1337: 1330: 1323: 1316: 1312: 1309: 1303: 1272: 1264: 1215: 1211: 1193: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1173: 1170:inline citations 1146: 1145: 1138: 1131: 1124: 1120: 1117: 1111: 1080: 1072: 1031: 1024: 1020: 1017: 1011: 1008:inline citations 984: 983: 976: 969: 962: 958: 955: 949: 918: 910: 861: 857: 651:torque converter 620: 613: 609: 606: 600: 597:inline citations 573: 572: 565: 558: 551: 547: 544: 538: 507: 499: 440:torque converter 421:Turbo-Hydramatic 335:Body and chassis 307:Turbo-Hydramatic 304: 303: 294: 287: 276: 269: 265: 262: 256: 229: 228: 221: 214: 207: 203: 200: 194: 191:inline citations 167: 166: 159: 152: 145: 141: 138: 132: 130: 89: 65: 57: 46: 24: 23: 16: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2892: 2891: 2889: 2888: 2887: 2868: 2867: 2866: 2861: 2833: 2802: 2717: 2713:Universal joint 2643:Hotchkiss drive 2534: 2481: 2468: 2463: 2421: 2416: 2407: 2405: 2396: 2391: 2387: 2376: 2372: 2363: 2361: 2357: 2356: 2352: 2343: 2341: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2295: 2171:Chevrolet Tahoe 2079:Chevrolet Astro 2058:equipped models 2000: 1930:, S-10 pickup, 1899: 1876: 1866: 1855: 1849: 1846: 1831: 1819: 1815: 1804: 1793: 1787: 1784: 1773: 1761: 1750: 1637:P R N ๐Ÿ„ณ 3 2 1 1636: 1630: 1613: 1602: 1596: 1593: 1578: 1566: 1562: 1551: 1540: 1534: 1531: 1516: 1500: 1489: 1400:After the 1973 1386: 1375: 1369: 1366: 1351: 1339: 1335: 1324: 1313: 1307: 1304: 1289: 1273: 1262: 1194: 1183: 1177: 1174: 1159: 1147: 1143: 1132: 1121: 1115: 1112: 1097: 1081: 1070: 1032: 1021: 1015: 1012: 997: 985: 981: 970: 959: 953: 950: 935: 919: 908: 621: 610: 604: 601: 586: 574: 570: 559: 548: 542: 539: 524: 508: 497: 411: 397: 393: 389: 385: 366: 362: 302: 295: 284: 283: 282: 277: 266: 260: 257: 246: 230: 226: 215: 204: 198: 195: 180: 168: 164: 153: 142: 136: 133: 90: 88: 78: 66: 25: 21: 12: 11: 5: 2896: 2886: 2885: 2880: 2863: 2862: 2860: 2859: 2849: 2838: 2835: 2834: 2832: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2814:Electric motor 2810: 2808: 2804: 2803: 2801: 2800: 2799: 2798: 2793: 2788: 2783: 2778: 2773: 2768: 2763: 2753: 2752: 2751: 2746: 2741: 2731: 2725: 2723: 2719: 2718: 2716: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2628:Friction drive 2625: 2623:Fluid coupling 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2570: 2565: 2560: 2555: 2550: 2544: 2542: 2536: 2535: 2533: 2532: 2527: 2522: 2517: 2514:Plug-in hybrid 2507: 2502: 2497: 2491: 2489: 2483: 2482: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2462: 2461: 2454: 2447: 2439: 2433: 2432: 2427: 2420: 2419:External links 2417: 2415: 2414: 2385: 2370: 2350: 2326: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2302: 2301: 2294: 2291: 2290: 2289: 2283: 2281:Isuzu i-series 2277: 2271: 2265: 2255: 2249: 2247:Isuzu Ascender 2243: 2237: 2231: 2225: 2219: 2213: 2207: 2201: 2195: 2189: 2183: 2177: 2167: 2161: 2155: 2149: 2143: 2137: 2135:Holden Caprice 2131: 2117: 2115:GMC S-15 Jimmy 2111: 2105: 2095:Chevrolet S-10 2091: 2085: 2075: 2069: 2059: 2052: 2046: 2040: 2034: 2019: 2009: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1977: 1976: 1973: 1969: 1968: 1965: 1961: 1960: 1957: 1953: 1952: 1949: 1898: 1895: 1868: 1867: 1822: 1820: 1813: 1806: 1805: 1764: 1762: 1755: 1749: 1746: 1741: 1740: 1737: 1733: 1732: 1729: 1725: 1724: 1721: 1717: 1716: 1713: 1709: 1708: 1705: 1701: 1700: 1697: 1681: 1680: 1669: 1663: 1657: 1651: 1615: 1614: 1569: 1567: 1560: 1553: 1552: 1503: 1501: 1494: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1481: 1478: 1474: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1465: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1454: 1450: 1449: 1446: 1422:Isuzu G engine 1388: 1387: 1342: 1340: 1333: 1326: 1325: 1276: 1274: 1267: 1261: 1258: 1255: 1254: 1251: 1247: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1231: 1230: 1227: 1223: 1222: 1219: 1196: 1195: 1150: 1148: 1141: 1134: 1133: 1084: 1082: 1075: 1069: 1066: 1034: 1033: 988: 986: 979: 972: 971: 922: 920: 913: 907: 904: 901: 900: 897: 893: 892: 889: 885: 884: 881: 877: 876: 873: 869: 868: 865: 785:and 1980-1992 781:(in 1965โ€“1980 694:Buick Lesabres 623: 622: 577: 575: 568: 561: 560: 511: 509: 502: 496: 493: 450:plus reverse. 433:General Motors 416: 415: 406: 402: 401: 380: 376: 375: 371: 370: 357: 353: 352: 343: 337: 336: 332: 331: 328: 324: 323: 321:General Motors 318: 314: 313: 309: 308: 300: 297: 296: 279: 278: 249:cleanup reason 233: 231: 224: 217: 216: 171: 169: 162: 155: 154: 69: 67: 60: 55: 29: 28: 26: 19: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2895: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2875: 2873: 2858: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2839: 2836: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2811: 2809: 2805: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2787: 2784: 2782: 2779: 2777: 2774: 2772: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2762: 2759: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2750: 2747: 2745: 2742: 2740: 2737: 2736: 2735: 2732: 2730: 2727: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2688:Shift-by-wire 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2591: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2574: 2571: 2569: 2566: 2564: 2561: 2559: 2556: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2546: 2545: 2543: 2541: 2537: 2531: 2528: 2526: 2525:Petrol engine 2523: 2521: 2518: 2515: 2511: 2508: 2506: 2503: 2501: 2498: 2496: 2495:Diesel engine 2493: 2492: 2490: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2478: 2471: 2467: 2460: 2455: 2453: 2448: 2446: 2441: 2440: 2437: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2404:on 2008-01-01 2403: 2399: 2394: 2389: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2360: 2354: 2340: 2336: 2330: 2323: 2322:0-87938-267-8 2319: 2313: 2309: 2300: 2297: 2296: 2288: 2284: 2282: 2278: 2276: 2272: 2270: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2254: 2253:Buick Rainier 2250: 2248: 2244: 2242: 2238: 2236: 2235:Chevrolet SSR 2232: 2230: 2226: 2224: 2220: 2218: 2214: 2212: 2208: 2206: 2202: 2200: 2196: 2194: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2182: 2178: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2166: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2130: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2110: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2084: 2080: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2057: 2053: 2051: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2039: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2008: 2004: 2003: 2002: 1990: 1987: 1986: 1982: 1979: 1978: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1966: 1963: 1962: 1958: 1955: 1954: 1950: 1947: 1946: 1940: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1920: 1915: 1912: 1906: 1902: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1883: 1881: 1875: 1864: 1861: 1853: 1850:February 2024 1843: 1839: 1835: 1829: 1828: 1823:This section 1821: 1812: 1811: 1802: 1799: 1791: 1788:February 2024 1781: 1777: 1771: 1770: 1765:This section 1763: 1759: 1754: 1753: 1745: 1738: 1735: 1734: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1714: 1711: 1710: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1698: 1695: 1694: 1688: 1686: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1668: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1656: 1652: 1650: 1646: 1645: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1633: 1625: 1621: 1611: 1608: 1600: 1597:February 2024 1590: 1586: 1582: 1576: 1575: 1570:This section 1568: 1559: 1558: 1549: 1546: 1538: 1535:February 2024 1528: 1524: 1520: 1514: 1513: 1509: 1504:This section 1502: 1498: 1493: 1492: 1479: 1476: 1475: 1471: 1468: 1467: 1463: 1460: 1459: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1447: 1444: 1443: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1423: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1407: 1403: 1394: 1384: 1381: 1373: 1370:February 2024 1363: 1359: 1355: 1349: 1348: 1343:This section 1341: 1332: 1331: 1322: 1319: 1311: 1308:February 2024 1301: 1297: 1293: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1277:This section 1275: 1271: 1266: 1265: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1240: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1228: 1225: 1224: 1220: 1217: 1216: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1192: 1189: 1181: 1178:February 2024 1171: 1167: 1163: 1157: 1156: 1151:This section 1149: 1140: 1139: 1130: 1127: 1119: 1116:February 2024 1109: 1105: 1101: 1095: 1094: 1090: 1085:This section 1083: 1079: 1074: 1073: 1065: 1062: 1058: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1030: 1027: 1019: 1016:February 2024 1009: 1005: 1001: 995: 994: 989:This section 987: 978: 977: 968: 965: 957: 954:February 2024 947: 943: 939: 933: 932: 928: 923:This section 921: 917: 912: 911: 898: 895: 894: 890: 887: 886: 882: 879: 878: 874: 871: 870: 866: 863: 862: 856: 852: 850: 844: 842: 836: 833: 828: 825: 824:roller clutch 819: 817: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 792: 788: 787:Silver Spirit 784: 783:Silver Shadow 780: 776: 772: 769:(in pre-1994 768: 764: 760: 756: 751: 749: 745: 737: 732: 728: 726: 722: 719: 713: 711: 707: 701: 699: 695: 687: 682: 678: 676: 672: 668: 664: 661:twin-turbine 660: 656: 652: 649: 644: 642: 638: 629: 619: 616: 608: 605:February 2024 598: 594: 590: 584: 583: 578:This section 576: 567: 566: 557: 554: 546: 543:February 2024 536: 532: 528: 522: 521: 517: 512:This section 510: 506: 501: 500: 492: 490: 487:Although the 485: 483: 479: 475: 471: 467: 463: 460: 456: 451: 449: 445: 441: 438: 434: 430: 426: 422: 414: 413:4L80-E/4L85-E 410: 409:4L60-E/4L65-E 407: 403: 400: 396: 392: 388: 384: 381: 377: 372: 369: 365: 361: 358: 354: 351: 348: 344: 342: 338: 333: 329: 325: 322: 319: 315: 310: 305: 301:Motor vehicle 293: 290: 275: 272: 264: 254: 250: 244: 240: 239: 232: 223: 222: 213: 210: 202: 192: 188: 184: 178: 177: 172:This article 170: 161: 160: 151: 148: 140: 129: 126: 122: 119: 115: 112: 108: 105: 101: 98: โ€“  97: 93: 92:Find sources: 86: 82: 76: 75: 70:This article 68: 64: 59: 58: 53: 51: 44: 43: 38: 37: 32: 27: 18: 17: 2766:Racing slick 2703:Transfer box 2673:Park-by-wire 2668:Parking pawl 2583:Differential 2558:Direct-drive 2540:Transmission 2530:Steam engine 2475:Part of the 2474: 2406:. 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