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Electro-pneumatic chests, however, frequently have sealed wood channels (tubes) in their wooden structural elements and bottom boards, usually consisting of wind channels running between the pipe valve and the primary with its electromagnets. Organ builders harnessed the difference in air pressures
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The advantages of the tubular-pneumatic action over the mechanical tracker action are a lightness of touch that does not change when couplers are used, and the flexibility of console location. Although the former was a great improvement over the tracker organ, the console location was still limited
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to transmit the action of the keys and stops to the valves contained within the windchests. This necessitated a close proximity between the console and the chests. In 1845, Prosper-Antoine
Moitessier, an organ-builder of Montpellier, France, patented the tubular-pneumatic system, which allowed the
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The major disadvantage of tubular-pneumatic action is its sluggish response. This becomes more prevalent as the distance between the console and the pipework is increased. In organs whose divisions are located at various distances from the console, this slow response causes an undesirable time lag
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Two basic types of tubular-pneumatic actions were used: the "pressure" system and the more popular "exhaust" system. Both use three major components for each key and stop: a valve (within the console), a pneumatic motor, commonly called a 'pneumatic' (within the windchest), and a lead tube that
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controls. These valves are contained in windchests upon which the organ's pipework is set. Any type of apparatus that connects an organ's console with its windchest is referred to as its "action". An organ that utilizes tubular-pneumatic action is commonly called a "tubular-pneumatic organ".
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and Edwin
Horsell Pulbrook were pioneers in perfecting and introducing the pneumatic action. The development of the tubular-pneumatic type of organ marked the first departure from the tracker organ style of construction that had been used for hundreds of years.
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It seems the first use of this action was in 1851, in Willis' Great
Exhibition organ, though it was only very limited. It appears that the first organ using tubular-pneumatic action throughout was by T.C. Lewis at St Andrew's Hall, Glasgow, in 1877.
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has the lightness of touch of a tubular-pneumatic organ, but a faster response, and the console can be in any remote location. The console can also be movable, with only a cable connecting it to the rest of the organ.
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In the pressure system, the air in the tube and the pneumatic are normally at atmospheric pressure. Depressing a key increases the pressure in the tube, inflating the pneumatic, which opens the pipe's valve.
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In the exhaust system, the pneumatic and tube normally contain windchest pressure. Depressing a key lets this pressure exhaust, which collapses the pneumatic and opens the pipe's valve.
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Another disadvantage over a tracker action organ is a lack of "feel" and control of attack by the organist, a trait that is present in all non-tracker action organs.
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inside and outside the organ to do heavier work, taking the weak force of an electromagnet and multiplying its effect pneumatically to pull open pipe valves.
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called it "a complete failure; you cannot play a triplet on the
Trumpet, and I consider it the most damnnable invention ever placed inside an organ".
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While some considered the tubular-pneumatic action to be a great achievement in organ building, others thought just the opposite.
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built during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The term "tubular" refers to the extensive use of lead tubing to connect the
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With the application of electric power to pipe organ action, the use of tubular-pneumatic action quickly declined. An organ with
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In any organ, each pipe has a valve located at its foot which responds to the organist's commands from the console's
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The operation of a tubular-pneumatic organ is accomplished by a change of air pressure within lead tubes of about
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Until the advent of the tubular-pneumatic action, all organs used a system of levers and wooden rods called
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154:, organist at St. Paul's, called it a "triumph of mechanical skill", while the eminent English organist
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George Laing Miller, "The Recent
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console to be at a much greater distance from the organ pipes.
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By the 1920s, tubular-pneumatic organs were rarely built.
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Lead tubing of a 1910 Möller tubular-pneumatic pipe organ.
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to around 50 ft (20 m) from the pipework.
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244:The Recent Revolution in Organ Building
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162:between the speech of the divisions.
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252:The Contemporary American Organ
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142:Advantages and disadvantages
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87:Prosper-Antoine Moitessier
28:"Tubular-pneumatic action"
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175:electro-pneumatic action
246:by George Laing Miller
218:George Ashdown Audsley
179:direct electric action
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600:Pipe organ components
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254:by William H. Barnes
491:Trompette militaire
362:Combination action
544:Historical Society
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371:Tubular-pneumatic
366:Electro-pneumatic
18:Tubular-pneumatic
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321:Eight-foot pitch
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506:Zimbelstern
290:Pipe organs
54:Description
32:pipe organs
595:Pipe organ
589:Categories
559:Repertoire
529:Fairground
501:Vox humana
476:Ophicleide
396:En chamade
156:W. T. Best
64:pedalboard
549:Portative
481:Plein-jeu
353:Swell box
348:Tremulant
125:windchest
109:Operation
79:Invention
554:Positive
311:Builders
93:trackers
60:keyboard
569:Theatre
471:Mixture
466:Gedackt
446:Bourdon
411:Voicing
406:Scaling
358:Tracker
316:Console
118:⁄
539:German
534:French
519:Barrel
461:Cornet
423:Tuning
331:Pedals
326:Manual
574:Water
564:Shoes
524:Crawl
451:Tibia
433:Stops
388:Pipes
193:Notes
437:List
418:Reed
401:Flue
376:Stop
294:list
68:stop
66:and
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201:^
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