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1121:, Ordin, Matveyev, the best of Peter's precursors) and suitably employed them. He was not a man of superior strength of character, or he would never have submitted to the dictation of Nikon. But, on the other hand, he was naturally, if timorously, progressive, or he would never have encouraged the great reforming boyar Matveyev. His last years, notwithstanding the terrible rebellion of
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Alexis's first marriage to
Miloslavskaya was harmonious and felicitous. They had thirteen children (five sons and eight daughters) in twenty-one years of marriage, and she died only weeks after her thirteenth childbirth. Four sons survived her (Alexei, Fyodor, Semyon and Ivan), but within six months
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By the 1660s, Alexis's wars with Poland and Sweden had put an increasing strain on the
Russian economy and public finances. In response, Alexis's government had begun minting large numbers of copper coins in 1654 to increase government revenue but this led to a devaluation of the ruble and a severe
625:
Alexis empowered
Morozov to conduct reforms in reducing social tensions, however his measure of tripling the tax burden (arrears for the two years preceding 1648 was demanded) saw heightened popular discontent. Morozov was regarded as a corrupt, self-seeking boyar and was accused of sorcery and
1165:, manifested in an optimistic Christian faith, in a profound, but unfanatical, attachment to the traditions and ritual of the Church, in a desire to see everyone round him happy and at peace, and in a highly developed capacity to extract a quiet and mellow enjoyment from all things.
1065:, in order to address the problems caused by Nikon. The synod agreed to formally depose Nikon, and also decided to excommunicate all who opposed the reforms of the church; those opponents broke away from the official Russian Orthodox Church to form the
934:. In the meantime, Poland had so far recovered herself as to become a much more dangerous foe than Sweden, and, as it was impossible to wage war with both simultaneously, the tsar resolved to rid himself of the Swedes first. In the
1050:. This resulted in significant dissent among the church community. Nevertheless, Alexis continued to support Nikon until 1658, when Nikon abandoned his post due to a personal insult, leaving the seat of the patriarch vacant.
87:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
677:. These regiments formed the backbone of the new army of Tsar Alexis. To fulfill the reform goals, a large number of European military specialists were hired for service. This became possible because of the end of the
1157:, which means "most quiet" or "most peaceful". He received this moniker through the ways he behaved—he would be kind and friendly, but the sounds created from instruments would provoke him. Certain aspects of
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described Alexis (then aged 37) as having "a sanguine complexion with light brown hair, his beard uncut. He is tall and fat of a majestical deportment, severe in his anger, bountiful, charitable".
614:. His domestic policy aimed at limiting the privileges of foreign traders and abolishing useless and expensive court offices. On 17 January 1648, Morozov procured the marriage of the tsar with
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in 1649, an outraged Alexis broke off diplomatic relations with
England and accepted Royalist refugees in Moscow. He also banned all English merchants from his country (notably members of the
969:, the first Russian chancellor and diplomat in the modern sense, who after the disgrace of Nikon became the tsar's first minister until 1670, when he was superseded by the equally able
797:, eventually decided to send an embassy to Persia for a peaceful settlement of the conflict. In August 1653 courtier Prince Ivan Lobanov-Rostov and steward Ivan Komynin traveled from
1305:
Lands, the
Cherkasy and Mountainous Princes and many other States and Lands of the East and West, and the North from Father and Grandfather, and Heir, and Sovereign, and Possessor.
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river. The successful
Safavid offensive resulted in the destruction of the Russian fortress and its garrison being expelled. In 1653, Alexis, initially thinking about sending the
59:
1161:, not its most purely spiritual, but its aesthetic and worldly aspects, found in him their most complete expression. The essence of Alexis's personality is a certain spiritual
904:. The Russians, unopposed, quickly appropriated nearly everything that was not already occupied by the Swedes. When the Poles offered to negotiate, the whole grand duchy of
1711:
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709:. Alexis put down the Novgorod rebellion quickly, but was unable to subdue Pskov, and was forced to promise the city amnesty in return for surrender. The
2819:
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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In 1648, using the experience of creating regiments of the foreign system during the reign of his father, Alexis began reforming the army.
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1083:. The monastery would be besieged for seven years until 22 January 1676 which was a few days before Alexis's death on 8 February 1676.
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1076:"the leader of the old Believers". Avvakum "had his wife and children buried alive in front of him; he himself was just exiled".
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in southern Russia. At the time of his death, Russia spanned almost 8.1 million km (3.1 million sq mi).
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The popular discontent demonstrated by the riot was partially responsible for Alexis' 1649 issuance of a new legal code, the
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of her death two of these were dead, including Alexei, the 15-year-old heir to the throne. The couple's children were:
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river, as well as the construction of several new fortresses, in particular the one built on the
Iranian side of the
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Russian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
583:, the sixteen-year-old Alexis acceded to the throne after his father's death on 12 July 1645. In August, the Tsar's
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met at Moscow to sanction the war and find the means of carrying it out, and in April 1654 the army was blessed by
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1772:. Perrie, Maureen, 1946-, Lieven, D. C. B., Suny, Ronald Grigor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2006.
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quarrelled over the apportionment of the spoils, and at the end of May 1656, with encouragement by the
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Russia and the Soviet Union : a historical introduction from the Kievan State to the present
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Moskovskie vybornye polki soldatskogo stroi︠a︡ v nachalʹnyĭ period svoeĭ istorii, 1656-1671 gg
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agreed to settle the conflict, stating that the conflict was initiated without his consent.
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It is the crowning merit of the Tsar Alexei that he discovered so many great men (like
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was an uninterrupted triumph, and scores of towns, including the important fortress of
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1547:(Seventh ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press, A member of the Perseus Books Group.
1193:, We, the Great Sovereign, Tsar and Grand Prince Alexei Mikhailovich, Autocrat of all
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distinguished himself at Great
Novgorod and in 1651 became the Tsar's chief minister.
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Throughout his reign, Alexis faced rebellions across Russia. After resolving the 1648
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1372:(1657–1704), regent of Russia (1682–89) for her two younger brothers; never married
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He was the first tsar to sign laws on his own authority and his council passed the
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2181:– Historical reconstruction "The Romanovs". StarMedia. Babich-Design(Russia, 2013)
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to proclaim him the most attractive of
Russian monarchs. He acquired the moniker
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Several old believers fled to the monastery of Solovki which had revolted in the
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Great things were expected by Russia of the Swedish war, but nothing came of it.
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Across Russia, Old Believers were harshly persecuted. One such old believer was
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of 1649, which strengthened the bonds between autocracy and the lower nobility.
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1412:(1666–1696); was co-ruler along with his younger half-brother Peter, father of
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1426:(1 September 1651 – 4 February 1694). She had been brought up in the house of
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In 1653, the weakness and disorder of Poland, which had just emerged from the
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1430:, whose wife was the Scottish-descended Mary Hamilton. Their children were:
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The Polish war dragged on for six years longer and was then concluded by the
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was the least of the demands made by Alexis. However, Alexis and the king of
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briefly swept the Polish state out of existence, in what became known as the
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remained in the hands of Russia together with the whole eastern bank of the
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financial crisis. As a result, angry Moscow residents revolted in the 1662
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While finding success in foreign affairs, his reign saw several wars with
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established a series of reforms that aimed to bring the practices of the
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681:, which created a colossal surplus of military professionals in Europe.
1724:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 578.
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627:
109:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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1995:"1667 г. Именной указ. "О титуле Царском и о Государственной печати""
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785:. The main issue involved the expansion of a Russian garrison on the
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Morozov pursued a peaceful foreign policy, securing a truce with the
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was taken, but countless multitudes of men were lost in vain before
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2143:(1665) is a key source on domestic life of the tsar and his court.
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in southern Russia erupted in rebellion. The rebellion was led by
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The Politics of Trade in Safavid Iran: Silk for Silver, 1600-1730
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river. The turning point in his campaign was his failed siege of
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appealed to Tsar Alexis for protection from the Poles, and the
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1980:
The Present State of Russia in a Letter to a Friend at London
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Anna Alexeevna (23 January 1655– 8 May 1659); died in infancy
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747:. From 1670 to 1671, Razin seized multiple towns along the
1613:. Great Britain: Oxford University Press. pp. 80–82.
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were restored to Poland, but the more important cities of
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The main direction of the reform was the mass creation of
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Persia in Crisis: Safavid Decline and the Fall of Isfahan
1861:
1859:
1846:
1844:
630:. In May 1648 Muscovites rose against his faction in the
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Malov, A. V. (Aleksandr Vital'evich) (Александр (2006).
1668:. United Kingdom: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 43.
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in 1856. They have earned him a place in the history of
2149:'s treatises from the 1660s are also very informative.
1856:
1841:
1501:
1325:(the winner of the Tsardom-wide contest organized by
1899:
1897:
1513:'Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov, the Quietest')
938:(2 July 1661), Russia retroceded all her conquests.
80:
1253:, Bulgar and others, Sovereign and Grand Prince of
755:in October 1670. Razin was finally captured on the
2141:On Russia during the reign of Alexey Mikhailovich
1894:
866:, fell into the hands of the Russians. Ukrainian
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701:Alexis faced rebellions in 1650 in the cities of
159:Portrait of Alexis by an unknown Russian artist,
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1935:. United States: Vintage Books. pp. 43–59.
1660:
1149:is all we have of him. But it is sufficient for
1145:A few private letters and an instruction to his
1004:
976:
839:, encouraged Alexis to attempt to annex the old
547:, as well as internal instabilities such as the
1437:(1672–1725), later known as "Peter the Great",
494:19 March] 1629 – 8 February [
781:troops attacked Russian fortifications in the
610:and carefully avoiding complications with the
105:accompanying your translation by providing an
71:Click for important translation instructions.
58:expand this article with text translated from
2605:
2236:
2179:Romanovs: The first film. Michael I, Alexis I
1363:(1654–1670); crown prince; died unwed aged 15
2250:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1564:
896:In the summer of 1655, a sudden invasion by
595:. He was committed to the care of his tutor
516:In religious matters, he sided closely with
2091:Bibliography of Russian history (1613–1917)
985:was beheaded by the Parliamentarians under
766:
2673:(pretendent, murdered at the age of three)
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2598:
2243:
2229:
1930:
1345:(1648–1649); crown prince; died in infancy
498:29 January] 1676), also known as
153:
36:Patriarch Alexy of Moscow (disambiguation)
2820:Candidates for the Polish elective throne
2619:
2152:
2103:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
1561:
1522:Pre-reform spelling: Алеѯі́й Мїха́иловичъ
1129:Alexis's letters were first published by
965:river. This truce was the achievement of
743:who had captured the Russian terminus of
1689:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1542:
1503:Aleksey Mikhaylovich Romanov (Tishayshy)
1313:
1090:
1008:
993:) and provided financial assistance to "
919:and the other enemies of Sweden, Alexis
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816:
688:
524:which saw unpopular liturgical reforms.
329:
2117:
2096:
1976:
1959:. Northwestern University Press, 1999.
1865:
1850:
1633:
1484:Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov (Tishayshy)
1422:Alexis remarried on 1 February 1671 to
1169:
877:brought about Russian dominance of the
562:
289: 1648; died 1669)
14:
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1606:
1309:
1186:The full title of Alexis in 1667 was:
892:Portrait of Alexis on horseback, 1670s
591:he was crowned on 28 September in the
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2224:
1814:
1672:
1492:Алексей Михайлович Романов (Тишайший)
1390:(1661–1682); succeeded his father as
522:schism in the Russian Orthodox Church
485:
1903:
1741:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1706:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1013:Alexis praying before the relics of
587:died, and following a pilgrimage to
575:19 March] 1629, the son of
117:{{Translated|ru|Алексей Михайлович}}
40:
1881:Peter the Great: His Life and World
506:from 1645 until his death in 1676.
24:
1910:. Anthem Press. pp. 208–209.
1748:. Anthem Press. pp. 163–166.
1057:, which was attended by Patriarch
653:
487:[ɐlʲɪkˈsʲejmʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ]
25:
2851:
2172:
1728:
1595:
360:Sofia Alexeevna, Regent of Russia
2835:People of the Russo-Persian Wars
1931:Montefiore, Simon Sebag (2016).
1694:
724:, which was put down violently.
45:
27:Tsar of Russia from 1645 to 1676
2155:Alexis, Tsar of All the Russias
2055:
2030:
2005:
1987:
1983:. John Winter. p. 44, 110.
1970:
1957:A History of Russian Literature
1949:
1924:
1871:
1819:. Moskva: Drevlekhranilishche.
1808:
1770:The Cambridge history of Russia
1762:
1464:Family tree of Russian monarchs
1053:In 1666, the tsar convened the
311:
286:
1654:
1640:. Рипол Классик. p. 120.
1627:
1536:
1516:
1476:
1418:Yevdokia Alexeevna (1669–1669)
813:Wars against Poland and Sweden
648:
608:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
275:Maria Ilyinichna Miloslavskaya
179:12 July 1645 – 29 January 1676
115:You may also add the template
13:
1:
2810:17th-century Russian monarchs
1529:
1453:Fyodora Alexeevna (1674–1678)
1424:Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina
1319:Tsar Alexei chooses his bride
1086:
1081:Solovetsky Monastery uprising
1005:Schism with the Old Believers
977:Response to English Civil War
831:Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658)
773:Russo-Persian War (1651–1653)
684:
300:Natalya Kirillovna Naryshkina
160:
2097:Matthee, Rudolph P. (1999).
1907:A History of Russia: To 1917
1745:A History of Russia: To 1917
1406:(1665–1669); died in infancy
827:Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)
636:Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery
385:Tsarevich Simeon Alexeyevich
380:Tsarevna Feodosia Alexeyevna
365:Tsarevna Ekaterina Alexeevna
345:Tsarevna Yevdokia Alekseevna
7:
1607:Freeze, Gregory L. (2009).
1502:
1457:
1301:and Georgian Tsars and the
1125:, were deservedly tranquil.
843:lands. On 1 October 1653 a
821:Banner of Tsar Alexis, 1654
620:Ilya Danilovich Miloslavsky
355:Tsarevich Alexei Alexeevich
340:Tsarevich Dmitri Alexeevich
10:
2856:
2312:Sviatoslav III of Vladimir
2153:Longworth, Philip (1984).
2088:
2084:
1543:Thompson, John M. (2013).
1255:Novgorod of the Lower Land
1027:
824:
770:
400:Tsarevna Natalya Alexeevna
350:Tsarevna Marfa Alekseyevna
257:Cathedral of the Archangel
79:Machine translation, like
29:
2762:3rd generation (Romanovs)
2761:
2721:2nd generation (Romanovs)
2720:
2700:
2680:
2664:2nd generation (Rurikids)
2663:
2628:
2504:
2420:
2260:Grand princes of Vladimir
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2200:
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1059:Macarius III Ibn al-Za'im
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458:
448:
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412:
408:
322:
263:
251:
237:
217:
213:
203:
193:
183:
175:
168:
152:
143:
60:the corresponding article
2357:Dmitry the Terrible Eyes
2252:List of Russian monarchs
2067:Encyclopaedia Britannica
2042:Encyclopaedia Britannica
2017:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1977:Collins, Samuel (1671).
1581:Encyclopaedia Britannica
1469:
1181:
967:Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin
767:War against Safavid Iran
370:Tsarevna Maria Alexeevna
2738:Feodor III Alekseyevich
2655:Dmitry Ivanovich (1582)
2640:Dmitry Ivanovich (1552)
2307:Yaroslav II of Vladimir
1721:Encyclopædia Britannica
1662:Sebag Montefiore, Simon
1293:, the Sovereign of the
1289:, and Ruler of all the
1109:Encyclopædia Britannica
1040:Russian Orthodox Church
851:, who had been elected
759:in April 1671, and was
603:open to Western ideas.
126:For more guidance, see
32:Russian Orthodox Church
2506:Emperors of all Russia
2118:Matthee, Rudi (2012).
1800:: CS1 maint: others (
1634:Greener, W.O. (1900).
1334:
1307:
1167:
1127:
1103:
1025:
995:the disconsolate widow
893:
822:
694:
571:on 29 March [
34:of the same name, see
2840:Tsareviches of Russia
2317:Andrey II of Vladimir
2287:Vsevolod the Big Nest
1904:Moss, Walter (2002).
1742:Moss, Walter (2002).
1317:
1188:
1143:
1115:
1094:
1063:Paisius of Alexandria
1023:Alexander Litovchenko
1012:
891:
820:
692:
490:; 29 March [
128:Knowledge:Translation
99:copyright attribution
30:For the heads of the
2753:Peter I Alekseyevich
2692:Feodor II Borisovich
2430:Ivan IV the Terrible
2297:Konstantin of Rostov
2277:Andrei I Bogolyubsky
1712:Alexius Mikhailovich
1237:and Grand Prince of
1174:In 1666, his doctor
1170:Personal description
1097:Millennium of Russia
983:Charles I of England
875:Treaty of Pereyaslav
837:Khmelnytsky Uprising
795:Zaporozhian Cossacks
563:Early life and reign
511:Sobornoye Ulozheniye
2830:Royalty from Moscow
2748:Ivan V Alekseyevich
2733:Alexei Alekseyevich
2422:Tsars of all Russia
2397:Vasily II the Blind
2337:Dmitry of Pereslavl
2302:Yuri II of Vladimir
2292:Yuri II of Vladimir
2282:Mikhail of Vladimir
2137:Grigory Kotoshikhin
1708:Bain, Robert Nisbet
1637:The story of Moscow
1398:Feodosia Alexeyevna
1376:Ekaterina Alexeevna
1349:Yevdokia Alekseevna
1331:Maria Miloslavskaya
1310:Family and children
1191:By the Grace of God
1095:Tsar Alexis on the
1042:into line with its
1017:in the presence of
1001:, King Charles I."
898:Charles X of Sweden
761:drawn and quartered
663:New Order Regiments
643:Sobornoye Ulozhenie
616:Maria Miloslavskaya
593:Dormition Cathedral
471:Alexei Mikhailovich
418:Alexei Mikhailovich
2743:Simeon Alexeyevich
2728:Dmitry Alexeyevich
2650:Feodor I Ivanovich
2629:1st generation (
2402:Ivan III the Great
2342:Andrey of Gorodets
2332:Vasily of Kostroma
2157:. Franklin Watts.
1404:Simeon Alexeyevich
1335:
1291:Northern Countries
1135:Russian literature
1104:
1055:Great Moscow Synod
1026:
943:Truce of Andrusovo
894:
871:Bogdan Khmelnitsky
823:
695:
581:Eudoxia Streshneva
551:in Moscow and the
543:were annexed) and
504:Tsar of all Russia
479:Алексей Михайлович
453:Eudoxia Streshneva
170:Tsar of all Russia
147:Алексей Михайлович
107:interlanguage link
2782:
2781:
2701:1st generation (
2681:1st generation (
2671:Ivan Dmitriyevich
2587:
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2387:Dmitry of the Don
2362:Alexander of Tver
2272:Yuri I Dolgorukiy
2219:
2218:
2210:Succeeded by
1878:Massie, Robert K.
1620:978-0-19-956041-7
1610:Russia: A History
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1500:
1448:Natalya Alexeevna
1443:Emperor of Russia
1361:Alexei Alexeevich
1355:Marfa Alekseyevna
1343:Dmitri Alexeevich
1329:was his relative
1159:Russian Orthodoxy
1137:, as assessed by
1106:According to the
1048:sign of the cross
1044:Greek counterpart
883:left-bank Ukraine
879:Cossack Hetmanate
845:national assembly
679:Thirty Years' War
537:left-bank Ukraine
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443:Michael of Russia
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189:28 September 1645
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2769:Alexei Petrovich
2712:Alexei I Romanov
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2377:Ivan II the Fair
2372:Simeon the Proud
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1394:; died childless
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1111:Eleventh Edition
971:Artamon Matveyev
860:campaign of 1654
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1101:Veliky Novgorod
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1036:Patriarch Nikon
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999:glorious martyr
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987:Oliver Cromwell
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1478:
1421:
1414:Empress Anna
1336:
1318:
1203:White Russia
1189:
1185:
1173:
1163:Epicureanism
1154:
1144:
1139:D. S. Mirsky
1128:
1123:Stenka Razin
1116:
1108:
1105:
1099:monument in
1078:
1071:
1052:
1033:
980:
940:
925:
921:declared war
895:
857:
834:
776:
737:Stenka Razin
726:
718:
711:Metropolitan
696:
669:, Soldiers,
660:
657:
640:
624:
605:
577:Tsar Michael
566:
557:Stenka Razin
526:
515:
508:
499:
470:
469:
328:
243:(1676-02-08)
103:edit summary
94:
65:
57:
2805:1676 deaths
2800:1629 births
2621:Tsareviches
2579:Nicholas II
2559:Alexander I
2519:Catherine I
2496:(co-rulers)
1450:(1673–1716)
1400:(1662–1713)
1384:(1660–1723)
1378:(1658–1718)
1357:(1652–1707)
1351:(1650–1712)
1297:Lands, the
949:and Polish
923:on Sweden.
763:in Moscow.
741:Don Cossack
722:Copper Riot
649:Later reign
599:, a shrewd
535:(from whom
520:during the
194:Predecessor
18:Tsar Alexis
2789:Categories
2564:Nicholas I
2484:Feodor III
2407:Vasily III
2213:Feodor III
2207:1645–1676
2089:See also:
2072:18 October
2047:18 October
2022:18 October
1967:. Page 27.
1891:. Page 12.
1826:5936461068
1587:18 October
1530:References
1441:and first
1388:Fyodor III
1229:, Tsar of
1225:, Tsar of
1221:, Tsar of
1087:Assessment
1069:movement.
1015:Phillip II
731:along the
705:and Great
685:Rebellions
628:witchcraft
555:revolt of
375:Fyodor III
224:1629-03-29
208:Feodor III
185:Coronation
62:in Russian
2623:of Russia
2544:Peter III
2539:Elizabeth
2468:Vladislav
2462:Vasili IV
2450:Feodor II
2063:"Peter I"
1999:garant.ru
1796:cite book
1710:(1911). "
1497:romanized
1303:Kabardian
1275:Beloozero
1271:Yaroslavl
1259:Chernigov
1227:Astrakhan
1155:Tishayshy
1147:falconers
1034:In 1653,
906:Lithuania
855:in 1652.
853:patriarch
799:Astrakhan
777:In 1651,
745:Astrakhan
699:Salt Riot
632:Salt Riot
549:Salt Riot
204:Successor
121:talk page
2703:Romanovs
2683:Godunovs
2631:Rurikids
2524:Peter II
2435:Feodor I
2392:Vasily I
2013:"Sophia"
1835:75971374
1788:77011698
1664:(2016).
1576:"Alexis"
1482:In full
1458:See also
1299:Kartlian
1219:Novgorod
1215:Vladimir
997:of that
955:Smolensk
914:Habsburg
864:Smolensk
807:Abbas II
753:Simbirsk
729:Cossacks
707:Novgorod
671:Dragoons
567:Born in
541:Smolensk
459:Religion
233:, Russia
97:provide
2534:Ivan VI
2514:Peter I
2489:Peter I
2474:Michael
2412:Ivan IV
2196:Michael
2085:Sources
1718:(ed.).
1705::
1511:
1499::
1488:Russian
1435:Peter I
1295:Iverian
1283:Obdoria
1243:Yugorsk
1231:Siberia
1074:Avvakum
963:Dnieper
951:Livonia
947:Polotsk
917:emperor
805:. Shah
803:Isfahan
779:Safavid
675:Hussars
667:Reiters
553:Cossack
475:Russian
433:Romanov
395:Peter I
316:
308:
304:
291:
283:
279:
198:Michael
119:to the
101:in the
64:.
2554:Paul I
2493:Ivan V
2479:Alexis
2367:Ivan I
2264:Moscow
2161:
2126:
2107:
1963:
1939:
1914:
1887:
1833:
1823:
1786:
1776:
1752:
1714:". In
1699:
1644:
1617:
1551:
1410:Ivan V
1287:Kondia
1279:Udoria
1267:Rostov
1263:Ryazan
1251:Vyatka
1207:Moscow
1199:Little
1030:Raskol
928:Dorpat
910:Sweden
902:Deluge
868:Hetman
787:Koy Su
585:mother
569:Moscow
545:Sweden
533:Poland
502:, was
500:Alexis
449:Mother
439:Father
390:Ivan V
264:Spouse
252:Burial
231:Moscow
144:Alexis
2445:Boris
2440:Irina
1470:Notes
1321:, by
1235:Pskov
1223:Kazan
1195:Great
1182:Title
1021:, by
981:When
849:Nikon
791:Terek
749:Volga
714:Nikon
703:Pskov
601:boyar
428:House
413:Names
324:Issue
310:(
306:
285:(
281:
176:Reign
81:DeepL
2529:Anna
2491:and
2262:and
2159:ISBN
2124:ISBN
2105:ISBN
2074:2018
2049:2018
2024:2018
1961:ISBN
1937:ISBN
1912:ISBN
1885:ISBN
1831:OCLC
1821:ISBN
1802:link
1784:OCLC
1774:ISBN
1750:ISBN
1642:ISBN
1615:ISBN
1589:2018
1549:ISBN
1509:lit.
1439:Tsar
1247:Perm
1239:Tver
1211:Kiev
1201:and
959:Kiev
957:and
932:Riga
858:The
841:Rus'
829:and
673:and
579:and
573:O.S.
539:and
529:Iran
496:O.S.
492:O.S.
483:IPA:
238:Died
218:Born
95:must
93:You
2139:'s
881:in
801:to
757:Don
733:Don
83:or
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