20:
121:
96:
209:, king of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania and by the terms of Cracow protector of Wilhelm's brother, Albert. He demanded that Wilhelm and Christopher be released and the Livonian Confederation accept his protection. When he declared war and raised an army to underline his demands, which left for Livonia in July 1557, the Livonians gave in and signed three respective treaties on 14 September in the encampment of Sigismund II Augustus' army near
220:, and were drafted on 5 September. Wilhelm was restored to his former position as archbishop, with his liberty and all former rights confirmed. Livonia restored its relation to Lithuania, and both realms concluded a defense-offense pact. The new grand master,
608:
693:
683:
221:
1240:
833:
703:
601:
658:
216:
All three treaties concerned the relation between the
Livonian estates and Sigismund. The first two treaties were the result of a mediation by envoys from the
648:
643:
594:
1235:
855:
663:
653:
668:
826:
55:, whereby the former put its territories under Polish-Lithuanian protection. The treaty was preceded by disputes between the members of the
708:
819:
224:, signed the alliance for the order and also ratified the other two treaties on 14 September along with other members of the order.
19:
261:
The tsar reacted to Pozvol by invading
Livonia before the alliance would result in an actual mobilization of forces, starting the
1245:
713:
477:
143:
953:
576:
553:
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515:
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186:
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571:. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Studia historica Upsaliensia (in German). Vol. 134. Almqvist och Wiksell.
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56:
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529:. Northern European Historical Research Network Proceedings. Vol. 1. Tuckwell Press.
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75:
72:
47:
was a peace treaty and an alliance concluded on 5 and 14 September 1557 between the
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1022:
978:
863:
811:
789:
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673:
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155:
24:
205:
An ongoing Danish mediation of this conflict became void with the intervention of
1081:
1056:
898:
465:
524:
1048:
1017:
1009:
988:
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274:
64:
1229:
1208:
678:
109:
847:
618:
527:
Ships, guns, and Bibles in the North Sea and Baltic States, c. 1350-c. 1700
262:
79:
616:
470:
The
Northern Wars. War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721
238:
95:
236:, then striving for hegemony in the area and regarding the treaty as a
843:
525:
Macinnes, Allan I.; Riis, Thomas; Pedersen, Frederik, eds. (2000).
286:
270:
210:
16:
1557 treaty between the
Livonian Confederation and Poland–Lithuania
266:
506:
Lubieniecki, Stanisław (1995). Williams, George
Huntston (ed.).
281:
secularized what was left of the
Russian-occupied order state,
510:. Harvard theological studies. Vol. 37. Fortress Press.
255:
254:
and since focussed on
Livonia, claiming the subordination of
197:
estates rebelled and arrested both
Wilhelm and Christopher.
23:
Conclusion of the Treaty of Pozvol in 1557. Painting by
841:
564:
331:
329:
154:, creating Europe's first Protestant state in the
283:formally subordinated it to Sigismund II Augustus
104:. The map shows the situation after the medieval
1227:
310:
308:
306:
326:
1241:Treaties of the Kingdom of Poland (1385–1569)
827:
602:
386:
384:
382:
303:
108:, which remained largely unchanged until the
445:
398:
396:
162:. His efforts to introduce Protestantism to
567:Zur Vorgeschichte des Livländischen Krieges
505:
428:
426:
269:(Tallinn) turned to Sweden for protection,
834:
820:
804:which contain agreements regarding Livonia
609:
595:
379:
372:
370:
414:
393:
150:and secularized the southern part of the
1236:Treaties of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
543:
423:
360:
358:
356:
354:
352:
350:
18:
367:
185:in his bishopric, appointed Protestant
1228:
562:
486:
450:. Yale University Press. p. 127.
232:The alliance was directed against the
815:
590:
464:
347:
285:, and established himself as duke of
166:met with resistance and divided the
144:Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
13:
800:Treaties primarily concerning the
544:Reddaway, William Fiddian (1978).
14:
1277:
508:History of the Polish Reformation
187:Christopher, Duke of Mecklenburg
164:the order's Livonian territories
119:
94:
546:The Cambridge history of Poland
438:
277:, and the order's grand master
227:
1246:Treaties of the Livonian Order
714:Báthory's campaign (1577–1582)
617:Campaigns and treaties of the
405:
338:
317:
1:
924:Franco-Polish Alliance (1524)
491:(2 ed.). Baltos lankos.
446:De Madariaga, Isabel (2006).
402:Macinnes et al. (2000), p. 67
297:
246:, who in March had ended the
213:(Pasvalys, Podzwol, Pozwoł).
85:
7:
314:De Madariaga (2006), p. 127
273:(Saaremaa) was occupied by
244:Tsar Ivan IV "the Terrible"
10:
1282:
487:Kiaupa, Zigmantas (2005).
411:Lubieniecki (1995), p. 798
292:
265:(1558–1583). As a result,
1189:
1144:
1095:
1046:
1007:
963:
952:
854:
802:Northern Seven Years' War
798:
727:
626:
200:
181:attempted to implement a
131:Lucas Cranach the Younger
59:and military pressure by
548:. Vol. 2. Octagon.
489:The history of Lithuania
1167:Preobrazhenskoye (1699)
989:Niemieża / Vilna (1656)
709:Radziwiłł's raid (1581)
390:Reddaway (1978), p. 353
222:Wilhelm von Fürstenberg
69:Grand Duke of Lithuania
53:Polish-Lithuanian union
1214:Franco-Polish alliance
1191:Second Polish Republic
1162:Wehlau–Bromberg (1657)
909:Brześć Kujawski (1435)
173:When Albert's brother
168:Livonian Confederation
148:Protestant Reformation
102:Livonian Confederation
76:Ivan IV "the Terrible"
57:Livonian Confederation
49:Livonian Confederation
28:
563:Tiberg, Erik (1984).
420:Kiaupa (2005), p. 107
323:Frost (2000), pp. 4-5
258:(Tartu) for a start.
207:Sigismund II Augustus
183:Lutheran church order
146:, had introduced the
127:Sigismund II Augustus
61:Sigismund II Augustus
22:
999:Eternal Peace (1686)
432:Tiberg (1984), p. 90
376:Tiberg (1984), p. 86
279:Gotthard von Kettler
152:Teutonic Order State
1126:Bila Tserkva (1651)
974:Yam-Zapolsky (1582)
1172:Altranstädt (1706)
364:Frost (2000), p. 4
344:Frost (2000), p. 2
335:Frost (2000), p. 5
252:Treaty of Novgorod
179:Archbishop of Riga
29:
1266:1557 in Lithuania
1223:
1222:
1185:
1184:
1111:Pereyaslav (1630)
1067:Stuhmsdorf (1635)
984:Polyanovka (1634)
954:Polish–Lithuanian
856:Kingdom of Poland
809:
808:
479:978-0-582-06429-4
448:Ivan the Terrible
248:Russo-Swedish War
234:Tsardom of Russia
218:Holy Roman Empire
160:Polish protection
106:Northern Crusades
1273:
1072:Kėdainiai (1655)
1038:Karlowitz (1699)
994:Andrusovo (1667)
961:
960:
869:Merseburg (1033)
836:
829:
822:
813:
812:
699:Wenden (1577–78)
611:
604:
597:
588:
587:
582:
570:
559:
540:
521:
502:
483:
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433:
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336:
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315:
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191:bishop coadjutor
156:Duchy of Prussia
123:
98:
25:Maurycy Gottlieb
1281:
1280:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1219:
1181:
1140:
1106:Kurukove (1625)
1091:
1042:
1003:
955:
948:
884:Raciążek (1404)
879:Namysłów (1348)
850:
840:
810:
805:
794:
723:
694:Reval (1576–77)
684:Reval (1571–72)
622:
615:
585:
579:
556:
537:
518:
499:
480:
466:Frost, Robert I
458:
441:
436:
431:
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419:
415:
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389:
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368:
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295:
230:
203:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
124:
115:
114:
113:
99:
88:
71:, and provoked
37:Peace of Pozvol
17:
12:
11:
5:
1279:
1269:
1268:
1263:
1261:1557 in Poland
1258:
1256:1557 in Europe
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1211:
1206:
1204:Suwałki (1920)
1201:
1195:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1131:Hadiach (1658)
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1062:Altmark (1629)
1059:
1053:
1051:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1033:Żurawno (1676)
1030:
1028:Buchach (1672)
1025:
1020:
1014:
1012:
1010:Ottoman Empire
1005:
1004:
1002:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
979:Deulino (1618)
976:
970:
968:
958:
950:
949:
947:
946:
944:Stettin (1570)
941:
939:Vilnius (1561)
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
904:Łęczyca (1433)
901:
896:
894:Lubowla (1412)
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
864:Bautzen (1018)
860:
858:
852:
851:
848:peace treaties
839:
838:
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824:
816:
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806:
799:
796:
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782:
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772:
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762:
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750:Vilnius (1561)
747:
742:
740:Vilnius (1559)
737:
731:
729:
725:
724:
722:
721:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
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681:
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661:
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628:
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614:
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591:
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583:
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554:
541:
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275:Denmark-Norway
229:
226:
202:
199:
158:in 1525 under
125:
118:
117:
116:
100:
93:
92:
91:
90:
89:
87:
84:
65:King of Poland
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1278:
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1251:1557 treaties
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1200:
1199:Warsaw (1920)
1197:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1177:Vienna (1738)
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1157:Vienna (1657)
1155:
1153:
1152:Vienna (1656)
1150:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1137:
1136:Cudnów (1660)
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1121:Zboriv (1649)
1119:
1117:
1116:Zamość (1648)
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1087:Warsaw (1705)
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1077:Radnot (1656)
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1057:Mitawa (1622)
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1045:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1023:Khotyn (1621)
1021:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1006:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
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980:
977:
975:
972:
971:
969:
967:
962:
959:
957:
951:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
934:Pozvol (1557)
932:
930:
929:Kraków (1525)
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
874:Kalisz (1343)
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
837:
832:
830:
825:
823:
818:
817:
814:
803:
797:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
732:
730:
726:
719:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
664:Dorpat (1559)
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
639:Dorpat (1558)
637:
635:
632:
631:
629:
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612:
607:
605:
600:
598:
593:
592:
589:
580:
578:91-554-1509-1
574:
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555:0-374-91250-5
551:
547:
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538:
536:1-86232-167-1
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523:
519:
517:0-8006-7085-X
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509:
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500:
498:9955-584-87-4
494:
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467:
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459:
457:0-300-11973-9
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361:
359:
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351:
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332:
330:
320:
311:
309:
307:
302:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
259:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
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223:
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214:
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208:
198:
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184:
180:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
132:
128:
122:
111:
110:Northern Wars
107:
103:
97:
83:
81:
78:to start the
77:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
26:
21:
1082:Oliwa (1660)
1018:Busza (1617)
956:Commonwealth
933:
919:Ólafu (1474)
914:Thorn (1466)
899:Melno (1422)
889:Thorn (1411)
790:Narva-Plussa
785:Jam Zapolski
734:
704:Narva (1581)
634:Narva (1558)
619:Livonian War
566:
545:
526:
507:
488:
469:
447:
439:Bibliography
416:
407:
340:
319:
263:Livonian War
260:
237:
231:
228:Consequences
215:
204:
172:
142:(Albrecht),
138:
80:Livonian War
73:Russian tsar
44:
40:
36:
32:
30:
1209:Riga (1921)
1145:With others
621:(1558–1583)
472:. Longman.
239:casus belli
1230:Categories
659:Zessvengen
298:References
86:Background
1008:With the
780:Drohiczyn
689:Wesenberg
649:Neuhausen
644:Neishloss
627:Campaigns
250:with the
177:, who as
1098:Cossacks
770:Roskilde
755:Mozhaysk
745:Novgorod
728:Treaties
468:(2000).
287:Courland
195:Catholic
51:and the
41:Pasvalys
966:Muscovy
842:Polish
775:Stettin
293:Sources
189:as his
175:Wilhelm
27:, 1874.
1216:(1921)
1049:Sweden
844:truces
765:Grodno
760:Dorpat
735:Pozvol
674:Ergeme
654:Ringen
575:
552:
533:
514:
495:
476:
454:
256:Dorpat
211:Pozvol
201:Treaty
193:, the
140:Albert
45:Pozwol
33:Treaty
1096:With
1047:With
964:With
718:Pskov
267:Reval
846:and
669:Erms
573:ISBN
550:ISBN
531:ISBN
512:ISBN
493:ISBN
474:ISBN
452:ISBN
271:Ösel
67:and
31:The
679:Ula
129:by
43:or
35:or
1232::
425:^
395:^
381:^
369:^
349:^
328:^
305:^
289:.
242:.
170:.
82:.
63:,
39:,
835:e
828:t
821:v
720:)
716:(
610:e
603:t
596:v
581:.
558:.
539:.
520:.
501:.
482:.
460:.
112:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
