153:(Iroquois). In August 1703, this force, accompanied by a band of Abenakis, raided the New England frontier from Casco to Wells, killing or taking prisoner some 160 people. Further attacks were made during the autumn. The raids came as a complete surprise to New England. Governor Dudley responded by declaring war on the Abenakis, and offering ÂŁ40 in scalp money.
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The
English settlers refused to abide by the terms of the Treaty of Casco. Traders continued their old practices (including the sale of rum), while settlers placed fishing nets across the Saco River, preventing fish from migrating upriver to the Wabanaki villages, and livestock continued to trample
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On 12 April 1678 the provincial government of New York, which controlled Maine between 1677 and 1686, signed the first Treaty of Casco with the
Penobscot representatives, headed by Chief Madockawando. Under the terms of the treaty, English settlers paid rent to the Penobscots and were given back
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formed alliances with the French through the fur trade. By 1670, the
Indigenous communities became increasingly frustrated with the settlers as a result of trade disputes, land encroachment, rum trading and free-roaming English livestock in their cornfields, which laid the foundation for future
149:, to send a force to instigate hostilities between the Native Nations and New England. Vaudreuil was equally concerned about losing control of the Kennebec-Chaudiere river system, which led to Quebec City. He raised a force of Canadians and
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Governor Dudley appointed a meeting of the several chiefs and their tribes to confer with him and his councilors to reconcile whatever differences had arisen since the last treaty. They met in New Casco, Maine (present day
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for each Native
American family. This land use tax symbolized continuing Abenaki sovereignty over Maine. The treaty also provided for closer government regulation of the fur trade. The Treaty included establishing
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in 1675. Based on the terms of the accord, all captives were to be surrendered without ransom. The treaty also recognized
English property rights, but stipulated that the English should give the Indians one
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through
Indigenous cornfields. Negotiations and further treaty attempts, including the 1703 Treaty of Casco were ultimately unsuccessful and confrontations continued This is said to have been the
130:), 20 June 1703. The Wabanakik made the customary professions of peace, disavowing any conspiracy with the French to exterminate the English. They then presented the governor with a belt of
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The treaty sought to re-establish the friendly relations between the
Indigenous and settler communities that had characterized the northern settlements previous to the outbreak of
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181:
Proceedings of the
Massachusetts Historical Society, 13(1873–5):341; Jeremy Belknap, The History of New-Hampshire (Philadelphia: Robert Aitken, 1784), 1:158–9
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W.E. Daugherty, Treaties and
Historical Research Centres, Research Branch, Corporate Policy, Department of Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, January 1983,
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to prevent further Indian hostilities from breaking out along the northern frontier. War was already going on in Europe between
England and France (see
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and the English settlers. There are no surviving copies of the treaty or its proceedings, so historians use a summary by
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Most of Maine's English settlers were scattered among in settlements strung out along the coast or lower rivers. The
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The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607–1890: A Political, Social, and Military History
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Maine Historical Society, Maine History Online, "1668-1674: Settlement and Strife", p. 3 of 4,
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Maine Historical Society, Maine History Online, "1668-1674: Settlement and Strife", p. 3 of 4,
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https://www.aadnc-aandc.gc.ca/DAM/DAM-INTER-HQ/STAGING/texte-text/tremar_1100100028967_eng.pdf
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confiscated farm land, while the English agreed to respect the Penobscot land rights.
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1678 and 1703 peace treaties between American Indians and English settlers
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https://www.mainememory.net/sitebuilder/site/897/page/1308/display?page=3
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https://www.mainememory.net/sitebuilder/site/897/page/1308/display?page=3
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The Treaty caused concern for the French, as it left them vulnerable in
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25:(1678) was a treaty that brought to a close the war between the
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and ended the ceremony with an exchange of volleys.
204:"Settlement and Strife", Maine Historical Society
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190:"Casco, Treaty of", by Jaime Ramon Olivares, in
321:Treaties of indigenous peoples of North America
194:, ed. by Spencer Tucker (ABC-CLIO, 2011) p. 134
106:was an unsuccessful attempt made by Governor
289:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940.
279:, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1940
143:Jacques-François de Monbeton de Brouillan
311:Native American history of Massachusetts
147:Philippe de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil
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112:Massachusetts Bay Colony
38:History of New Hampshire
253:The History of Portland
296:– Treaty at Casco 1678
104:Treaty of Casco (1703)
47:north and east of the
294:The Story of Pemaquid
255:(Portland, 1831), 2:6
283:James Truslow Adams
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95:for the subsequent
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228:Story of Pemaquid
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102:The second
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305:Categories
169:References
92:casus beli
27:Indigenous
157:See also
45:Wabanaki
120:Jesuits
139:Acadia
132:wampum
78:bushel
70:corn
66:peck
21:The
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