1157:. In 1202, it fell under control of Perugia and this city gained control of Northern Trasimeno. It was built on M.te Castiglione, near two rivers. The castle and the surrounding settlement at Vernazzano, were damaged by wars in 15th century and two centuries later, by a strong earthquake and after-shocks. Erosion of the foundations by water caused the tower to lean in the 18th century. Vernazzano was rebuilt in the valley, away from this site, which had been effective for territorial control but was less well-suited for living in. The Leaning Tower has therefore been abandoned for almost 300 years. To avoid its collapse, a steel reinforcement was recently added, with plates and wires as thick as 2 to 3 cm (0.8 to 1.2 in). The Tower is not well known, being located away from the main streets. It is visible from far away, but not easily accessible.
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After the water level started again to fall, and in 2003 the shore retreated over 100 metres (328 ft) and the level fell in
October 2003 to -1.85m vs reference. From 2004 to the summer of 2006, there was plenty of rain. 150 mm (6 in) of rain fell during the last 20 days of August 2005 and over 700 mm (28 in) during the remaining part of the year. During the following five years rain was insufficient (especially in 2006 and 2007 winters were very dry and summers hot) so by October 2012 the water level was -1.51 m vs the reference. Fortunately, since 2012 the winters have been very rainy so the level of the lake has progressively increased to reach in February 2014 the reference level. In April 2014 the water level increased further to reach 0.30 m above the reference.
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814:. The southern pike has been declining as a result of reduction in the lake's aquatic vegetation, as pikes use water plants for cover during hunting and as a substrate for laying their eggs. The increased water turbidity is also harmful to their hunting, as pikes are primarily visual predators. Efforts to counteract the southern pike's decline include a ban on its fishing, which has been in effect since 2011, and controlled restocking of juvenile specimens. Eels are also considered to be locally at risk due the presence of artificial
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length of 9 meters at the waterline, propelled by oars or by sail, at a maximum speed of two knots. Exceptions apply to authorised boats propelled by motor only in the water in front of port areas or authorized landing places. There are ferryboats, 3 small, 2 medium, and two big (two decks) called
Perusia and Agilla II, based in Passignano Port, also two dredges. There are ports in Castiglione del Lago (recently totally rebuilt), S. Arcangelo, S. Feliciano, Tuoro, and several minor anchorages.
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alongside reduced transparency, less dissolved oxygen and higher salinization caused by the gradual warming and shrinking of the lake. As the exotic species mostly have wider habitat preferences than the native species, the changing environmental conditions have allowed them to further establish themselves as the native fishes decline. Decline of native species is also affected by the reduction in the lake's native vegetation, such as
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people have successfully protected their lake, whose waters are fit for swimming and whose valleys and islands are intact environments. In 1995 a natural park was established over the entire surface and the shores. A 50 km (31 mi) bicycle path was opened in 2003 around the lake that allows
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swimming. In 1929, a cold winter froze the whole of the lake's surface, and cars could be driven over the ice. Cold winters in 1957, 1985 and 2002 caused heavy damage to the olive trees nearby. A less severe freeze happened in 1991. Given the latitude of the lake, freezing remains a rare occurrence.
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in
Maggiore Isle was built in the late 19th century on the foundation of an old Franciscan church, and for many years was a popular place in the Trasimeno area. Until 1998 it was still visitable, then it was closed because the structure became dangerously unstable. It is now being restored by a new
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The
Trasimeno climate is fairly warm, with moderate winters. Summers can be very warm and humid, but in general the lake moderates the climate both in cold and warm conditions because even shallow water gives a moderate thermic inertia. From May to September, the temperature is high enough to allow
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A fishing technique, called 'Tuoro' or 'pesca da tuori', was used locally. This complex system consisted of a wooden trap in the water and a circular structure to hold the net around it. The nets trapped the fish that were then taken to the village to be dried. This system worked with a high water
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Minore Isle, near
Maggiore, is now uninhabited, totally covered by local vegetation except for a small anchorage. In ancient times, there was a separation between the two communities, because Polvese was far away from Maggiore-Minore. According to local stories, the two communities fought against
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Strict regulations apply for the navigation on the Lake. A protected strip is established for the entire perimeter of Lake
Trasimeno for a distance of 150 meters from the shore of the lake and the shore of the islands. In the protected strip navigation is only permitted for craft having a maximum
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Because of increased traffic, about 30 years ago a highway was built over the
Passignano's road to Perugia. This highway passes near the north and the east shores of Trasimeno and goes to Perugia and Assisi. Many smaller roads, such as state highway 75, are also present, especially on the western
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The local airport, the
Eleuteri, near Castiglione del Lago, was once one of the main aviation schools in Italy, with elegant buildings that were destroyed by retreating German troops in the summer of 1944. This airport was once almost as big as Castiglione. The mild climate and perfect visibility
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After World War II, the lake's shores retreated a kilometre in the west (the eastern shore is deeper and more steeply sloped). In 1958 the water of the lake reached the lowest recorded level, at -2.63m vs reference level. Since 1958 the level increased again to reach reference level in June 1989.
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Maggiore is a 'hill', whereas
Polvese is a more complex structure with plains and hills, and Minore resembles a sloped table. Minore is now uninhabited, but in the past had a village with over 500 residents. Many centuries ago, a castle with a pentagonal structure stood near the shore, near an
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The lake is inhabited by 19 species of fish, of which 15 are introduced exotics. The impact of non-native species in the lake has been heightened by the effects of climate change, which consist primarily of decreasing water levels due to lowered precipitation and increased evaporation rates,
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monastery. The castle still remains, and the ruins of the church and the monastery are almost totally preserved, despite the abandonment in the 17th century due to malaria. The malaria was eradicated only in the 1950s. There were other problems, since
Trasimeno was fought over by
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Trasimeno has high hills to the east, which help to capture rain and partially protect the lake from cold eastern winds. Most of the water in the lake comes from the network of streams on the western side of the lake. The reference water level of the lake is set at 257.33
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The water level of the lake is very dependent on the amount of seasonal rain and can change significantly from one year to the other. The water level is usually at its minimum level after summer (in September or October) and at its highest during spring (in April or May).
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There are castles all around Trasimeno, many in the center of small towns while others are isolated and in ruins. Castiglione del Lago, Passignano, Magione, Maggiore, and Polvese islands all have castles, while Zocco castle, Montali castle, and others are on hilltops.
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Half of Trasimeno is surrounded by hills, rich in olives that are an important agricultural resource. On the western shore, near Tuscany, there are vineyards, and fruit and vegetables are grown. The hills are much lower and the climate is warmer.
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district. In prehistoric times, this lake extended almost to Perugia. Trasimeno is a mythological figure, joined with Agilla, a nymph born in Agello, now a hill midway between Perugia and Trasimeno, formerly an island in the lake.
604:. Only two minor streams flow directly into the Lake and none flows out. The water level of the lake fluctuates significantly according to rainfall levels and the seasonal demands from the towns, villages and farms near the shore.
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were introduced to the lake in 1988 and today make up the most common species in its fish community. Their presence has caused significant disruptions to the lake ecosystem, as their feeding on the lake bottom destroys
684:; three of the main Etruscan cities - Perugia, Chiusi, and Cortona - are within 20 kilometres (12 mi) of the lake. Little physical evidence remains from the period of Etruscan or later Roman settlement.
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have historically been native to the lake, but have not been recorded in modern samplings and are considered to be locally extinct. The extinction of the rovella is linked to the introduction of non-native
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The lake's water quality is still very good, as a study by conservation group Italia Nostra showed in 2005. This is believed to be largely due to the small population and a lack of large farms in the area.
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Before this airport was constructed, there was a hydroscale in Castiglione del Lago. On the opposite shore, in Passignano, around 10 km (6 mi) away, there was an aircraft factory, the
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A proposal to drain the lake to solve the problems of malaria and depth changes was rejected. At the end of the 19th century, the level changes were solved by building a channel near
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A channel from the reservoir at Montedoglio in Tuscany to supply agriculture and lakeside towns (and thereby eliminate the need to draw water from the lake) was opened in 2012.
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Trasimeno is shallow, muddy, and rich in fish, including pike, carp, and tench. During the last 10 years it has been 5 meters deep, on average. Lake Trasimeno is an apparently
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Florentine troops demolished Polvese in the 17th century, beginning its decline, until by the 19th century there was only a caretaker. Of the many houses, nothing remains.
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area, which was restored in the Renaissance; a modern canal, the Emissario del Trasimeno, was built in 1898, flowing into the Caina, the Nestore, and eventually the
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July 2008. The same boat in the same position shows how Trasimeno was suffering by water's scarcity. Since 2011, the situation has improved.
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1153:. This unique remnant of an ancient castle was built before 1089, when the Marchiones family donated the whole castle to the monastery of
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has been introduced to the lake and was recorded in large numbers in 1966, but is considered to be a locally rare species in the present.
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699:. The exact location of the battle is unknown because the lake then extended further north; the battle could have been fought between
707:. Near Cortona is a place called 'Ossaia', in Italian meaning ossuary. Another place with reference to the battle is the place named
741:. This level corresponds to a maximum depth of around 6m. Actions are planned to reduce the water level when it climbs above 257.60
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level, but was abandoned when the level dropped. A mock up of this system was built several years ago near Polvese Isle's port.
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1450:"Potential effects of global climate change on fisheries in the Trasimeno Lake (Italy), with special reference to the goldfish
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railway station. This company made several types of aircraft, designed by eng. Sergio Stefanutti. Aircraft were tested at
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castle and a tower near Passignano. Monte del Lago was originally built to control the road from Trasimeno to Perugia.
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Tree remains on Trasimeno's shores. They were planted when the lake's level was much lower and died when it rose.
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each other but the real problems were from the regional 'powers' that fought over this lake for centuries.
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tourists to explore it. There are also cross-country paths, especially over the hills on the eastern side.
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was completed in 1866, with the main rail station in Terontola, which has been at the junction with the
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More than 200 aircraft come to the airshow, all light machines, because the strip is grass-covered
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Trasimeno is relatively far from every major Italian city, the nearest of which is Perugia. The
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has some Roman ruins and its main streets are structured like a chessboard in the Roman style.
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reflects on the lake, presently peaceable but with a history of violent warfare, in her poem
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The Role of Lake Trasimeno (central Italy) in the History of Hydrology and Water Management
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1149:(N43 13.210 E12 06.084), around 20 metres (66 ft) in height, leans like the famous
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Carosi, Antonella; Ghetti, Lucia; Padula, Rosalba; Lorenzoni, Massimo (December 2019).
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coverage and stirs up sediment into the water column, increasing turbidity and causing
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The Leaning Tower. Note the number of steel cables recently added to preserve it.
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since 1875. Smaller railway stations are in Passignano and Castiglione del Lago.
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body of water with no natural above-ground outlet. However, the Romans dug an
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Maggiore, Minore and Perusia ferryboat, seen by a hill cultivated with olives
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1491:"Regulation of navigation on Lake Trasimeno - Regional law 19 July 1988"
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occurred on the northern shore of the lake in April 217 B.C. during the
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A social center exists in the former airport. A major watercourse, the
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The shallow waters meant that malarial mosquitoes prospered. To combat
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There are three islands in the lake. The largest of these islands is
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Surrounding the lake are old small towns, and isolated castles, like
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How SAI born in 1916 is explained there, in the front of the factory
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during World War II. Eleuteri was also used as test center for the
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Three million years ago, there was a shallow sea in this part of
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1416:"Montedoglio reservoir connected to Lake Trasimeno (in Italian)"
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passes five kilometers (3.1 mi) to the west of the Lake.
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impeding their ability to migrate between the lake and the
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The lake seen by southern mountains, Cortona on the right
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The Etruscans - Page 265, Paolo Torelli - Rizzoli, 2001.
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The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1390:"Water level of Lake Trasimeno since 2003 (in Italian)"
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still allow the use of this airport for air meetings.
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The first civilization to inhabit this area was the
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1540:PDF file about climatic changes and Lake Trasimeno
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661:Historically, Trasimeno was known as the Lake of
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1127:proprietor, but the work is far from completed.
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802:Commercially important native species include
715:meaning "blood" or, probably, "bloody place."
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956:The buildings are now used as social centers.
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1555:Trasimeno recent hydrometric level changes-2
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752:July 2007, a fishing boat on Lake Trasimeno
1489:The President of the Regional Government.
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376:Eleuteri and behind, Castiglione del Lago
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
1206:The lake seen from Montebuono di Magione
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1338:from the original on 1 September 2019
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1550:Trasimeno recent hydrometric changes
58:adding citations to reliable sources
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665:, being important for northwestern
596:region of Italy on the border with
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1462:Fisheries Management and Ecology
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1299:(5th ed.). HarperCollins
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1112:Maggiore Castle, now in ruins
1088:Polvese Island seen by C.Lago
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588:in English, is a lake in the
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515:[ˈlaːɡotraziˈmɛːno]
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1327:Collins English Dictionary
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618:artificial drainage tunnel
286:4–5 m (13–16 ft)
1570:Endorheic lakes of Europe
1134:The ruins of Zocco castle
1009:Foligno–Terontola railway
780:around Trasimeno and the
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985:Passignano sul Trasimeno
915:Passignano sul Trasimeno
693:Battle of Lake Trasimene
302:258 m (846 ft)
1367:Touring Club of Italy,
776:The inhabitants of the
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255:, also drained by canal
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294:6 m (20 ft)
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867:big-scale sand smelt
855:phytoplankton blooms
796:Phragmites australis
686:Castiglione del Lago
356:Castiglione del Lago
54:improve this article
1497:on 24 February 2020
1396:on 24 February 2020
1266:First French Empire
913:The main towns are
590:province of Perugia
365:Fortress and lake,
354:The lake seen from
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886:
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381:Lake Trasimeno
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1021:Autostrada A1
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719:Local climate
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71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
27:Lake in Italy
19:
1499:. Retrieved
1495:the original
1484:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1451:
1424:. Retrieved
1420:the original
1410:
1398:. Retrieved
1394:the original
1384:
1368:
1363:
1352:
1340:. Retrieved
1325:
1301:. Retrieved
1294:
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1146:
1144:
1140:Zocco castle
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978:
963:
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908:Monte Amiata
896:
885:Surroundings
844:
835:spined loach
828:
812:European eel
801:
794:
787:
775:
772:Conservation
767:
763:
735:
731:
722:
712:
690:
679:
669:and for the
660:
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611:
585:
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380:
379:
326:Isola Minore
275:Surface area
236:43.14; 12.10
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1342:1 September
1322:"Trasimeno"
1303:1 September
1291:"Trasimeno"
1262:département
879:Pumpkinseed
875:common carp
840:pumpkinseed
791:macrophytes
728:Water level
608:Description
524:Trasumennus
367:Castiglione
253:cryptorheic
234: /
209:Coordinates
1564:Categories
1377:8836528376
1277:References
1058:Franciscan
1027:Navigation
923:Torricella
851:hydrophyte
709:Sanguineto
622:San Savino
586:Thrasimene
291:Max. depth
80:newspapers
1258:Trasimène
917:, Tuoro,
682:Etruscans
614:endorheic
602:Lake Como
592:, in the
536:Trasimene
110:June 2021
1458:decline"
1400:4 August
1371:, 2003,
1336:Archived
1244:(in the
1236:See also
1079:Florence
1075:Panicale
1066:Olivetan
948:Aviation
846:Goldfish
833:and the
778:communes
532:Tarśmina
528:Etruscan
494:-
197:Location
1501:14 June
1426:14 June
1379:, p. 64
1264:of the
1104:Castles
1036:Islands
831:rovella
782:Umbrian
701:Cortona
663:Perugia
633:malaria
620:in the
598:Tuscany
581:-im-een
507:Italian
333:Website
312:Islands
222:12°06′E
219:43°08′N
203:, Italy
149:Italian
94:scholar
1375:
1369:Umbria
1271:Umbria
1071:Chiusi
993:Macchi
904:Assisi
810:, and
713:sangue
674:Chiana
671:Tuscan
667:Umbria
656:Umbria
594:Umbria
201:Umbria
145:
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
942:Zocco
902:near
820:weirs
808:tench
705:Tuoro
626:Tiber
584:) or
520:Latin
432:-zim-
266:Italy
261:Basin
101:JSTOR
87:books
1503:2014
1428:2014
1402:2014
1373:ISBN
1344:2019
1305:2019
1145:The
1120:The
873:and
829:The
818:and
816:dams
743:AMSL
739:AMSL
703:and
691:The
579:TRAZ
502:-im-
500:TRAZ
441:also
436:-noh
430:TRAH
342:.net
248:Type
73:news
1470:doi
498:-,
338:www
316:3 (
56:by
1566::
1466:26
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