509:
491:
135:
209:(also known as dextro-TGA) is a cyanotic heart defect in which the aorta arises from the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery arises from the left ventricle. This switch causes deoxygenated blood from the right heart to be pumped immediately through the aorta and circulated throughout the body and the heart itself, bypassing the lungs altogether. In this same condition, the left heart continuously pumps oxygenated blood back into the lungs through the pulmonary artery, instead of out into the body's circulation as it normally would. In effect, two separate "parallel" circulatory systems are created. It is called a
64:
355:
40:
483:
408:: Catheterization is done if other diagnostic tests do not provide enough information to make a diagnosis, or if a neonate is unstable. During this procedure, a catheter is inserted in the artery or vein in the groin and makes its way up to the heart. Dye is used to visualize the heart’s structures on x-ray. It can also measure the pressures in the heart and lungs.
371:: An electrocardiogram (ECG) records the electrical activity of the heart through the use of electrodes that are placed on the body. The findings through this diagnostic method are not specific to only TGA. If TGA is present, rightward deviation of the QRS complex and right ventricular hypertrophy or biventricular hypertrophy may be noted.
239:
are connected in this condition. Complications can arise from the pressure change due to the fact that the right ventricle, which is adapted for pumping blood into the low-pressure pulmonary circulation, is being tasked with pumping blood at a much higher pressure against the high resistance of the
461:
Lifelong follow-up care with a cardiologist is needed. Most infants who undergo surgery have their symptoms relieved and are able to live a normal life. Potential complications that can occur include coronary artery problems, heart valves problems or irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias).
436:
can also be performed, usually with a cardiac catheter instead of surgery, to enlarge a natural connection between the heart's upper chambers (atria). This will allow for the oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor blood to mix, resulting in improved oxygen delivery to the baby's body.
431:
open which allows for the mixing of the otherwise isolated pulmonary and systemic circuits. Thus, oxygenated blood that recirculates back to the lungs can mix with blood that circulates throughout the body and can keep the body oxygenated until surgery can be performed.
402:: An echocardiogram is an ultrasound of the heart that accurately assesses the heart’s structure and function, and can show the specific features of TGA, if present. This imaging modality allows for the definitive diagnosis of TGA to be made.
175:
Although "transposed" literally means "swapped", many types of TGV involve vessels that are in abnormal positions, while not actually being swapped with each other. The terms TGV and TGA are most commonly used in reference to
854:
839:
447:
is a surgery where the pulmonary artery and the aorta are moved to their normal positions. This is the most common surgery done to correct dextro-TGA, and is considered the definitive treatment. The
231:
in which the primary arteries are transposed, with the aorta anterior and to the left of the pulmonary artery, and the morphological left and right ventricles with their corresponding
235:
are also transposed. In other words, the right ventricle is on the left side of the heart and the left ventricle is on the right side of the heart. The systemic and the
298:
Symptoms may appear at birth or after birth. The severity of symptoms depends on the type of TGV, and the type and size of other heart defects that may be present (
142:
view showing discordant ventriculoarterial connections together with the presence of parallel, rather than crossing, great arteries arising from the ventricles.
976:
227:
Levo-Transposition of the great arteries (also known as Levo-TGA, congenitally corrected TGA, double discordance, or ventricular inversion) is a rare,
310:). Most babies with TGA have blue skin color (cyanosis) in the first hours or days of their lives, since dextro-TGA is the more common type.
1329:
417:
All infants with TGA will need surgery to correct the defect. Life expectancy is only a few months if corrective surgery is not performed.
1027:
540:
525:
Abbreviations: RA=right atrium, RV=right ventricle, LV=left ventricle, PT=pulmonary trunk, LPA and RPA=left and right pulmonary artery.
206:
201:
177:
1032:
535:
222:
185:
969:
290:
When no other heart defects are present it is called 'simple' TGV; when other defects are present it is called 'complex' TGV.
807:
The morbid anatomy of some of the most important parts of the human body - Digital
Collections - National Library of Medicine
504:
Abbreviations: LV and RV=left and right ventricle, PT=pulmonary trunk, VSD=ventricular septal defect, PS=pulmonary stenosis.
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1105:
1064:
184:
in swapped positions; however, both terms are also commonly used, though to a slightly lesser extent, in reference to
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710:
Ferguson EC, Krishnamurthy R, Oldham SA (2007). "Classic imaging signs of congenital cardiovascular abnormalities".
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operation is an alternative surgical option when the arterial switch is not feasible due to the particular
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X-ray showing characteristic finding in a transposition of the great vessels, called the egg on side sign.
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are swapped; while other defects in this category are almost never referred to by either of these terms.
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depending on the nature and degree of the misplacement, and on which specific vessels are involved.
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anatomy. This operation creates a tunnel (baffle) between the heart's two upper chambers (atria).
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126:), which is considered the most common congenital heart lesion that presents in neonates.
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of a pregnant mother is a risk factor that has been described for the fetus having TGV.
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In many cases, TGV is accompanied by other heart defects, the most common type being
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377:: On chest X-ray (CXR), transposition of the great vessels typically shows a cardio-
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213:(CHD) because the newborn infant turns blue (cyanotic) from the lack of oxygen.
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giving rise to a vessel that bifurcates, which is thus identified as the
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332:
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805:
755:"Surgery for transposition of great arteries: A historical perspective"
568:"Transposition of the great arteries: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"
81:
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in transposition of the great arteries. This subcostal view shows the
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318:
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Transposition of the Great
Vessels was first described in 1797 by
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39:
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111:
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118:(pulmonary artery and aorta) belong to a sub-group called
482:
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involving an abnormal spatial arrangement of any of the
114:. Congenital heart diseases involving only the primary
821:
494:Echocardiography of a complex transposition with a
396:of the superior mediastinum represents the string.
47:Illustration of transposition of the great vessels
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389:represents an egg on its side and the narrowed,
164:. The effects may range from a slight change in
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33:d-TGA, Congenital heart defect - transposition
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1330:Anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery
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541:Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries
207:Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries
202:dextro-Transposition of the great arteries
196:Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries
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536:Levo-Transposition of the great arteries
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223:Levo-Transposition of the great arteries
217:Levo-Transposition of the great arteries
133:
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486:Normal heart anatomy compared to d-TGA
958:
653:"Transposition of the great arteries"
601:"Transposition of the Great Arteries"
293:
188:– in which both the arteries and the
477:
120:transposition of the great arteries
13:
1065:Sinus venosus atrial septal defect
1023:Transposition of the great vessels
943:Transposition of the great vessels
74:Transposition of the great vessels
25:Transposition of the great vessels
14:
1372:
817:
657:Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
618:10.1161/circulationaha.105.592352
423:For newborns with transposition,
180:– in which the two main arteries
16:Group of congenital heart defects
211:cyanotic congenital heart defect
342:
1098:Atrioventricular septal defect
810:(The first American ed.).
797:
759:Annals of Pediatric Cardiology
746:
1:
1040:Persistent truncus arteriosus
1011:Double outlet right ventricle
753:Marathe SP, Talwar S (2015).
651:Martins P, Castela E (2008).
551:
1003:Aortopulmonary septal defect
412:
381:silhouette appearing as an "
362:
7:
529:
10:
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465:
220:
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1080:Ventricular septal defect
1078:
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1001:
992:
906:
825:
496:ventricular septal defect
445:arterial switch operation
427:can be given to keep the
300:ventricular septal defect
269:ventricular septal defect
149:vessels can present with
51:
46:
37:
29:
24:
1356:Congenital heart defects
986:Congenital heart defects
772:10.4103/0974-2069.157025
313:Other symptoms include:
308:patent ductus arteriosus
273:patent ductus arteriosus
129:
1325:Coronary artery anomaly
406:Cardiac catheterization
279:, or other defects, of
233:atrioventricular valves
1148:Valvular heart disease
1127:Cyanotic heart disease
1070:Lutembacher's syndrome
670:10.1186/1750-1172-3-27
526:
505:
487:
359:
324:Difficulty breathing (
248:Simple and complex TGV
229:acyanotic heart defect
168:to an interruption in
143:
1335:Ventricular inversion
1047:Aortopulmonary window
1016:Taussig–Bing syndrome
511:
493:
485:
357:
287:may also be present.
237:pulmonary circulation
137:
1134:Eisenmenger syndrome
1057:Atrial septal defect
724:10.1148/rg.275065148
304:atrial septal defect
265:patent foramen ovale
261:atrial septal defect
242:systemic circulation
1088:Tetralogy of Fallot
994:Heart septal defect
907:External resources
804:Baillie M (1795).
599:Warnes CA (2006).
527:
506:
500:pulmonary stenosis
488:
360:
294:Symptoms and signs
155:ventriculoarterial
144:
1343:
1342:
1265:
1264:
1205:Ebstein's anomaly
1142:
1141:
952:
951:
611:(24): 2699–2709.
546:Mustard Procedure
478:Additional images
434:Atrial septostomy
429:ductus arteriosus
369:Electrocardiogram
349:diabetes mellitus
331:Fast heart rate (
140:echocardiographic
71:
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19:Medical condition
1368:
1320:Brugada syndrome
1315:Crisscross heart
1185:tricuspid valves
1163:pulmonary valves
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521:pulmonary artery
385:", in which the
317:Fast breathing (
104:pulmonary artery
80:) is a group of
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58:Medical genetics
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572:medlineplus.gov
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453:coronary artery
421:Before surgery:
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383:egg on a string
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108:pulmonary veins
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826:Classification
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818:External links
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718:(5): 1323–34.
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517:left ventricle
513:Echocardiogram
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459:After surgery:
425:prostaglandins
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400:Echocardiogram
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387:enlarged heart
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221:Main article:
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1233:insufficiency
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1223:aortic valves
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712:Radiographics
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1300:Dextrocardia
1115:Consequences
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765:(2): 122–8.
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575:. Retrieved
571:
469:
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382:
347:Preexisting
346:
343:Risk factors
338:Poor feeding
312:
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254:intracardiac
251:
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181:
174:
145:
123:
119:
77:
73:
72:
1361:Neonatology
1293:Uhl anomaly
916:MedlinePlus
605:Circulation
379:mediastinal
375:Chest X-ray
333:tachycardia
170:circulation
162:discordance
151:atriovenous
100:venae cavae
30:Other names
1350:Categories
1305:Levocardia
938:Patient UK
892:DiseasesDB
552:References
263:including
190:ventricles
178:dextro-TGA
147:Transposed
138:Subcostal
82:congenital
927:eMedicine
732:0271-5333
679:1750-1172
413:Treatment
363:Diagnosis
319:tachypnea
53:Specialty
1250:stenosis
1238:bicuspid
1228:stenosis
1200:stenosis
1168:stenosis
932:ped/2548
791:26085763
740:17848694
697:18851735
627:17159076
530:See also
441:Surgery:
391:atrophic
277:Stenosis
259:such as
186:levo-TGA
116:arteries
97:inferior
93:superior
1190:atresia
1178:absence
886:D014188
782:4453180
688:2577629
466:History
326:dyspnea
285:vessels
283:and/or
157:and/or
95:and/or
1028:dextro
921:001568
875:608808
789:
779:
738:
730:
695:
685:
677:
663:: 27.
625:
577:28 May
394:thymus
281:valves
271:, and
257:shunts
110:, and
60:
1283:right
1270:Other
1156:Right
897:13259
864:745.1
849:Q20.3
306:, or
130:Types
112:aorta
1288:left
1216:Left
1033:levo
881:MeSH
870:OMIM
859:9-CM
787:PMID
736:PMID
728:ISSN
693:PMID
675:ISSN
623:PMID
579:2019
498:and
443:The
855:ICD
840:ICD
777:PMC
767:doi
720:doi
683:PMC
665:doi
613:doi
609:114
182:are
124:TGA
78:TGV
1352::
941::
930::
919::
895::
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